Číslo 3

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    The competitive environment among companies in the Czech part of Euroregion Neisse-Nisa-Nysa
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Dědková, Jaroslava; Blažková, Klára; Ekonomická fakulta
    The paper concentrates on the characteristics of the competitive environment in the Czech part of Euroregion Nisa and a constituent part of the outcome of a specific research project at the Faculty of Economics at the Technical University in Liberec. It can be assumed that a company that wants to succeed on the market must use its competitive advantage and develop its competitiveness. This is based on the ability to respond quickly and correctly to the requirements of customers and competing companies. Competitiveness means a company generating competitive advantages faster than its competitors. The authors look at the question of which competitive advantages exist among the companies in ERN, what is important to companies and what relationship there is between competitive advantages and the competitive strategies used. The introduction to the paper presents methodological approaches to the topics of competitive strategies and the competitive environment from the perspective of experts on the matter. The main aim of the paper is to identify and characterise the competitive environment of companies in the Czech part of Euroregion Nisa based on an evaluation of data from primary questioning. The authors of the paper deal with the issue of the main competitive strategies that companies now use and in what lies their competitive advantage. Results and discussion are found in an evaluation of primary research undertaken among 170 companies in the Czech part of Euroregion Nisa. A detailed investigation confirmed that competitive advantage and competitive strategies need to be understood as multi-dimensional and multi-factored. There are several “key” types of competitive advantage, their number and order of importance depending on many circumstances; for example a company's sphere of activity, the area of business activity, the size of the company, the requirements of owners and customers, the priorities of management and so on. Each industry uses its own competitive advantage differently and the decisive factor is succeeding with customers. It can be contended that successful companies need to produce differentiated products at low cost and need to be flexible.
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    Complex agent-based models: application of a constructivism in the economic research
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Bureš, Vladimír; Tučník, Petr; Ekonomická fakulta
    The current state in research of economic systems is characterised by two prevailing issues. Firstly, study of economic systems is traditionally based on analytical and econometric tools, which have been the main arbiters of the veracity or plausibility of assumptions and hypotheses in economics. This approach has been proved to be highly suitable for theory development. Secondly, practical issues and necessity to support decision-making led to development of various modelling and simulation techniques or tools. However, majority of these approaches usually fail when coping with complexity. Furthermore, several main areas of interest can be identified in the business and economics modelling. Nevertheless, these areas are mostly independent due to their problem-based focusing on particular issues and their solutions. Depicted gaps might be bridged with the help of new modelling paradigms that have been established only recently. Application of agent-based modelling in the realm of economic systems is labelled as Agent-based Computational Economics (ACE). In particular sections of this paper results of experiments run on the novel model are described. The model is based on agents, which are described as a vector of several observed parameters, and four types of agents are used, namely consumer agent, factory agent, mining agent, and transportation agent. In addition, a colony is added as the fifth type of meta-agent. Scalability and configuration options of the model enable for various configuration and thus for conducting specific experiments. The presented system is already implemented as a prototype version in the NetLogo environment. The paper depicts two example scenarios, resource production and resource proximity, and offers interpretation of achieved results. Since most of the work done so far was focused on individual agents, group perspective as an important extension of ACE modelling is suggested as the further research and development direction.
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    Concept of the computer science course and some aspects of ICT integration into education
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Rosman, Pavel; Buřita, Ladislav; Ekonomická fakulta
    The paper summarizes the experience of teaching Computer Science for Economists (CSE) course at the Faculty of Management and Economics (FaME) at Tomas Bata University (TBU) in Zlín. The paper presents approaches aimed at developing the effectiveness in increasing students’ knowledge and analyses just one aspect of the research – the importance of the CSE course for students. It describes methodology and technology support of using information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching full-time and part-time students. The experience of the introduction of new approaches and methods into teaching with the use of ICT is offered. There are mentioned some aspects, connect with the ICT as a knowledge society, knowledge management, learning organisation and education processes, eBusiness, ICT support of business and ICT in education. The first part of the paper describes the teaching of the CSE course at FaME/TBU. It states the objective, overview of subject areas and methodology of teaching as well as the use of information and communication technologies. The second part contains the results of the research on the CSE course, its importance for students, focusing mostly on enterprise computer science. The tutors try to improve the course constantly, develop the ICT use, and thus prepare students in accordance with the requirements of the social environment. The analysis of the research results makes possible to suggest options for further development of the course. Although the paper does not cover of all aspects of the CSE course at TBU in favour of enterprise computer science, it presents the basic framework schema of teaching and experience of tutors. The experience of teaching and assessing students’ knowledge are summarized. In the future the research will be extended to the guarantors of the subjects building on the results of the ICT teaching.
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    The costs and reimbursements for lung cancer treatment among selected health care providers in the Czech Republic
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Šimrová, Jana; Barták, Miroslav; Vojtíšek, Radovan; Rogalewicz, Vladimír; Ekonomická fakulta
    The objective of the article is to objectivise and assess the costs for the lung cancer therapy from the payer’s (health insurance company) and the healthcare provider’s (hospital) perspective based on information available from several large hospitals and specialised centres. No comprehensive assessment of costs related to the treatment of lung cancers at all stages has been published in the Czech Republic to-date. The results in this study are calculated based on diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms, i.e. process maps. These, in turn, are derived from the recommended therapeutic procedures issued by the Masaryk Institute of Oncology, the University Hospital in Hradec Králové and the University Hospital in Plzeň. In total, the costs and reimbursements were calculated for 32 utilized algorithms, i.e. process maps. The costs for therapeutic processes account for 22 results, while 10 results correspond to diagnostic processes. Both direct and indirect costs were included in individual calculations. The calculations imply that treatment costs significantly differ depending on the selected diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. It becomes apparent that the setting of the reimbursement system presently generates different stimuli for providers, who may reach both positive and negative balances. This fact, in turn, may have an effect on the economic result leading, in its consequence, to the preference of more suitable alternatives in terms of reimbursement regardless of the optimum procedures for the particular patient. This fact is, to a certain extent, reflected by the reimbursements calculated by means of the DRG system. The given algorithms may potentially be used by health care providers to reach working costs, which will allow accurate calculations for particular hospitals.
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    Destination attractiveness of Slovakia: perspectives of demand from major tourism source markets
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Pompurová, Kristína; Šimočková, Ivana; Ekonomická fakulta
    The destination attractiveness is an expression of territory attractiveness in relation to the decision-making process of its visitors. It plays a key role in determination of destination’s competitive advantage; subsequently it influences the economic effects resulting from goods and services consumption in its territory. In scientific literature a significant attention has been paid to this concept for several decades. The aim of this paper was to examine destination attractiveness of Slovakia in terms of the most important tourism source markets demand – Visegrad countries’ inhabitants, representing 80% share of the overall visitation of Slovakia. The attractiveness analysis results in terms of satisfied demand suggest that Slovakia is attractive to 4% of the V4 countries’ population who visit it on average once a year, that is, to 14% of the V4 countries’ population, who undertake one over-night stay per year on average. Slovakia is extremely attractive to the Czechs thanks to its proximity, common political history and non-existing language barrier; however, it remains unattractive to other V4 countries inhabitants. In terms of potential demand, Slovakia meets the ideal destination expectations of 70–71% of V4 countries population, which means it is strongly attractive to them. The Poles find it the most attractive while Hungarian and Czech residents find it less attractive. Slovakia’s own inhabitants appreciate this tourism destination the least. They particularly criticize lack of quality services, negative attitude toward customers and high prices which do not correspond with the quality of services. Slovak respondents find the natural beauties of their own country most attractive. Such an evaluation is common for the Czech and Hungarian respondents too. According to the Polish respondents, the most attractive in Slovakia is the positive attitude of local population. They evaluate sports and recreational facilities and activities extremely positively. The inhabitants of Slovakia, Hungary and Poland find Slovakia much more attractive from the point of view of perceived destination attractiveness than in terms of satisfied demand attractiveness. Thus, there is a large gap for visitation increase, but also for perception improvement of Slovakia as a tourism destination. In the case of the Czech market, the attractiveness of Slovakia in terms of satisfied demand is very strong, and it is necessary to maintain this positive fact. In this connection the innovations and their promotion on relevant markets may be decisive. And thus the position of tourism as a tool for economic, social and cultural development of the country can be enhanced.
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    Determinants of public expenditures for medicinal products in non hospital consumption in Slovenia
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Kajdiž, Romana; Bojnec, Štefan; Ekonomická fakulta
    The Slovenian government aims to regulate prices for medicinal products to manage and reduce public expenditures for medicinal products. This paper aims to investigate the association between the regulated wholesale prices of medicinal products and the public expenditures for medicinal products, and to estimate regression model for public expenditures for medicinal products in the non hospital consumption. In the empirical research are included 758 regulated prices for medicinal products prescribed by the outpatients’ department on a prescription (Rp) during the years 2003–2010, which are financed from public expenditures. The correlation and regression analyses are used in order to establish the association between the regulated wholesale prices for medicinal products and the public expenditures for medicinal products. The correlation analysis confirmed a strong positive correlation of the public expenditures for medicinal products with the number of Rp or the number of boxes on the Rp prescription, a weak correlation with the wholesale prices for medicinal products and with the classification lists of medicinal products. The multiple regression analysis confirmed a positive significant impact of the wholesale price of medicinal products and the number of Rp or the number of boxes on the Rp prescription, on the public expenditures for medicinal products. The research has confirmed the association of the public expenditures for medicinal products with the regulated wholesale prices for medicinal products. It has underlined the importance of the rational prescription and use of medicinal products. The explanatory variables included in the regression model for the public expenditures for medicinal products explained up to 94% of variability in the public expenditures for medicinal products.
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    Does economic interventionism help strategic industries? Evidence from Europe
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Maček, Anita; Ovin, Rasto; Ekonomická fakulta
    Although most studies proves that Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions (C-B M&A) cause more benefits than threats, the real economic policy in the EU countries offsets the fear that liberalization of inward C-B M&A would endanger economic position of strategic industries and thus national economic goals. After the adoption of EU Directive 2004/25/EC on Takeover Bids the era of fast growth of inward C-B M&A in the EU and consequently the era of rising interventionism so as to protect national strategic industries and companies has started. Additional stimulus for the European Union’s (EU) most developed economies to exercise interventionism was financial and economic crisis starting in 2008. Considering high ranking of employment goals and state-supported social cohesion in continental Europe, it is not surprise that interventionist reactions came from ruling parties and coalitions regardless their political orientation. By the help of the results of their 2009 empirical study on C-B M&A authors tested the relation between the results referring to C-B M&A effects on strategic sectors and the Heritage Foundation Index of Investment Freedom. With combining the results from 2009 study with Index of Investment Freedom from 2009 and in the second equation with index from 2014 authors checked if strategic sectors benefit from incoming C-B M&A when subject to the previous market oriented industrial policy. Both estimated equations proves that unlike with sheltering economic policy, when subject to market conform measures of industrial policy, strategic sectors will benefit from inward C-B M&A. By proving the statistical significant relationship between the results from 2009 study and Index from 2014 authors also proved the statistical and analytical quality of the equation from 2009. By proving statistical significance of the second equation we proved that the judgement of the academic community could be considered relevant also after five years following the real experience as basis of their judgement.
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    Empirical study of intangible assets in romanian municipalities
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Bunget, Ovidiu Constantin; Blidisel, Rodica Gabriela; Feleaga, Liliana; Popa, Irimie Emil; Ekonomická fakulta
    While economies are becoming more and more knowledge based, investment in intangibles assets becomes important tools for management if they are properly measured and recognized. While the literature states that the economic success is based on the effective utilization of intangible assets, in the public sector there is low level of interest in their identification, measurement and disclosure. In the light of the theoretical evidences, the purpose of our research is to verify the developed stage of intangible assets process in Romanian municipalities as regards the awareness, measurement and disclosure in 2012 annual reports. Also, the paper presents the most influential factors of intangible assets information disclosure. In order to do this, a disclosure index has been created, based on the requirements related to the intangible assets, taking into account the referential of Romanian regulations (OMFP 1917 updated) and International Public Sector Accounting Standards The research is based on content analysis and in-depth interviews methods for collecting data from the 104 Romanian municipalities. The analysis led to the conclusion that the disclosure index of intangible assets is 0.28, where the municipality population and assets are the variables that are considered explanatory of the variation of the disclosure index in the regression analysis performed. There were identified no supplementary measurement ways of intangible assets voluntary disclosed, although the Romanian municipalities present some characteristics related to intangible assets. While management control is more and more important in local public administration, aiming to improve internal performance, the measurement and disclosure of intangible assets becomes a goal.
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    The functionality comparison of the health care systems by the analytical hierarchy process method
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Šoltés, Vincent; Gavurová, Beáta; Ekonomická fakulta
    Day surgery is one of the areas that are still not implemented in Slovakia in the intentions of finding significant economic savings in the health care system. The primary objective to use day surgery was to separate the patients with lighter chirurgical procedure, to less traumatize the patients with hospitalization, to protect the patient from nosocomial infections and to make recovery easier in greater comfort of the own home. The primary impulse for dealing with the effectiveness of health care systems, with an emphasis on day surgery, were conflicting responses regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of deployment and use of day surgery performance. On the one hand, we find the direct and indirect evidence of functional application of day surgery performance in health facilities in Slovakia and its potential benefits in achieving the aims of health policy of the SR. On the other hand there are critical responses on lack of the effects of the day surgery use, which are associated with low valuation of stated procedures which are inadequate to the real costs. It hinders its development in comparison with the development abroad. The main aim of this article is to compare the functionality of day surgery care in comparison with the system orientated on traditional hospitalization, using the opinion of the experts who represent the system of health care in Slovakia. For orientation in criteria characterizing the functionality of health care systems in Slovakia, we started from the premise that the functionality of health care system is a basis of its effectiveness. Given the considerable heterogeneity of compared criteria of health care systems we have chosen the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process as the optimal method, supported by the expert group method.
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    The issue of income redistribution
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Mikušová Meričková, Beáta; Halásková, Renáta; Ekonomická fakulta
    The issue of trade off efficiency and equity, which is represented by income redistribution, becomes increasingly debated not only in economic and social, but also in political dimension. Solution of this trade-off is virtually projected into the implementation of social policy and results achieved in macro economics policy, with the goal to define the optimal scope and character of the income redistribution processes. The submitted empirical study responds to this problem through the solution of research question concerning the existence of a relationship between the extent of selected classes of social protection expenditure (expenditure on policy of family, old age and unemployment) and the achieved level of economics development, quantified by Human Development Index (HDI). The existence of this relationship is statistically tested in the sample of 15 countries of the world economy. The research sample is heterogeneous in relation to the analysed indicators and it concerns countries with a different attained level of economics development and income redistribution policy. In most surveyed countries, based on the results of quantitative analysis was confirmed the impact of social protection expenditure on the reached level of economic development. In the area of family policy and old-age pensions this impact was positive and in the area of employment policy this impact was negative. A high level of heterogeneity of selected countries with respect to the observed aspects proves a markedly different extent and nature of redistribution processes. The findings of the research should therefore be analysed more deeply through the redistribution theory of defined compromise “trade off” between efficiency and equity. The compromise in each country depends on the character of the subparts and the models of social policy. From our perspective, these are models of family policy (liberal, social-market, universalistic), labour market policy (scandinavian, liberal and consensual corporate democracy model) and concepts of pension policy (presented by liberal, socio-democratic and conservative model of social policy). The amount of expenditures of social protection (on the old age, family policy and unemployment) in selected countries provides basic outline of tendencies of these expenditures, which differ according to adopted concepts in family policy, employment policy and policy of the pension system.
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    Manager's assessment of organizational culture
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Babinková, Zuzana; Melović, Boban; Milisavljević, Stevan; Grubić-Nešić, Leposava; Mitrović, Slavica; Ekonomická fakulta
    This paper analyzes the dimension of organizational culture assessment by managers, in order to diagnose the results of the research directions of changes in management that contributed to the successful functioning of the organization. The research encompassed 168 managers within 8 companies of different structure and ownership type. A Pareek questionnaire was used to measure the dimensions of corporate culture. The managers have expressed their opinions on different corporate culture dimensions on a 4-level scale. In particular, the following were considered: openness, confrontation, trust, authenticity, proactivity, autonomy, cooperation and attitude towards experimenting. Determining dominant corporate culture dimensions has primarily a purpose of identifying: the current state of value dimensions of culture, differences between opinions of managers in public sector versus those in production companies, differences between opinions pertinent to different managerial levels, and opinions about possible impact of certain dimensions of corporate culture on behavior of employees within the companies encompassed in the study. Survey results indicate a clear difference in the assessment of organizational culture in relation to the level of managers, types of organizations (manufacturing or service) and ownership status of the organization (public or private). Higher levels of management rate higher the majority of dimensions of organizational culture as compared to the lower levels of management. Managers of manufacturing industrial systems rate higher the dimensions of organizational culture in comparison with the managers of the service sector. Managers, as bearers of the culture, can contribute to establishment of desired cultural values that will promote the development of organization. In the long turbulent transition period that Serbia has been going through – and which has a negative impact on business performance of the companies – it is vital to determine the difference between the existing values and those desired that would contribute to the fastest development of the companies.
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    Scenarios and their application in strategic planning
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Fotr, Jiří; Špaček, Miroslav; Souček, Ivan; Vacík, Emil; Ekonomická fakulta
    The article deals with the concept of scenario planning. Scenarios, as opposed to usual prediction methods, are focused on the identification of discontinuities in the development and help the organization cope with sudden changes and noticeably contribute to its survival. Contemporary methods of scenarios construction work on need to ensure flexibility of the strategic plan and get the firm ready for a quick reaction when set trigger points specifying the corresponding scenario come to pass. Processing of business environment information, known as Business Intelligence, becomes necessity. Based on the methodological platform, it describes in detail the stepwise process of scenario construction. The very process of scenario elaboration goes through six basic steps, Identification of risk factors and determination of their importance; Selection of key risks which, according to the company’s opinion, fundamentally influence fulfilment of strategic goals; Formulation of basic scenarios and testing their consistency; Determination of probability of scenarios occurrence and Performing a “gap analysis” for the sake of determining the extent of strategic goals fulfilment. There are various types of scenarios which might be respected due to the development of entrepreneurial environment introduced and discussed. Respecting the indicated risk factors and their influence on key risks of the financial plan, the spread of scenarios is being drafted. It is typical of business practice to work with 3–4 scenarios. Besides determining the impact of a risk on the firm’s performance (the rate of fulfilling set strategic goals), the probability assessment of each scenario is also necessary. Outputs from constructed scenarios are to be worked up into a particular strategic option, which may be used as a qualified base for the strategic decision-making process.The practical application shows how the methodology used raises flexibility in strategic planning of the firm.
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    Sequence determining of construction of the offshore wind farm construction applying permutation method
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Bagočius, Vygantas; Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras; Turskis, Zenonas; Ekonomická fakulta
    Ranking of work or feasible investments is one of high-importance keys for successful economic development. The share of renewable energy sources in the Lithuanian primary energy supply is on the lowest among EU. Only bio fuel, hydro and wind power can be considered as potential renewable energy sources in Lithuania at present time. Wind energy generation mature technology and comparatively low cost make it promising as an important primary energy source in the nearest future. The aim of this paper is to determine the sequence for the wind turbine construction in the waters of Lithuania. The key criteria set for was determined for the problem solution: area of the territory, water depth, distance to shore, average wind velocity, max power on the area, amount of energy per year, investments and CO2. AHP method is used to estimate criteria weights. The problem was solved applying multi-attribute permutation method. This method allows dealing with qualitative and quantitative as well as with linguistic (verbal) data.
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    Tranzitivní ekonomiky: politická ekonomie Ruska, východní Evropy a střední Asie
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Koutský, Jaroslav; Ekonomická fakulta
    Tranzitivní ekonomiky: politická ekonomie Ruska, východní Evropy a střední Asie