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- ItemProject portfolio optimization as a part of strategy implementation process in small and medium-sized enterprises(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Vacík, Emil; Špaček, Miroslav; Fotr, Jiří; Kracík, Lukáš; Ekonomická fakultaThis paper presents an improved managerial approach to project portfolio development using software optimization tools. A review of literature revealed a gap formed by the lack of either an established approach or a normative model of how to develop portfolios in SMEs. To bridge this gap, this paper is based on topical information and offers a method that supports decision makers in their choice of the most suitable project portfolio. This method can be implemented by the use of a simulation software tool for project portfolio optimization while considering constraints and conformity with corporate strategy. The authors conclude that the foundation of success is to formulate optimum portfolios, the configurations of which reflect all key strategic parameters. Moreover, it must be feasible to implement such a portfolio in the environment of SMEs within disposable firm resources and consider identifiable risks upon the selection of the effective project portfolio. One chosen case study evidenced the viability of this approach. The approach to project portfolio optimization discussed in this paper shows the effectiveness of the selected methodology for project portfolio optimization that in turn significantly contributes to meeting strategic goals and thus an increase in company performance and shareholders’ value. The use of a common software tool together with the right access to data collection and processing allows managers to make better decisions for the effective future allocation of resources over the chosen project portfolio.
- ItemWebsite usability and user experience during shopping online from abroad(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Bucko, Jozef; Kakalejčík, Lukáš; Ekonomická fakultaThe Internet became a non-stop market of goods and services. As the market is oversaturated, companies are forced to fight for each customer because it is easier than ever to change the partner who will fulfil customer’s needs. User experience and website usability is an important factor during the online purchasing process. The main objective of our study was to analyse the website usability issues users have when purchasing products from abroad. In order to achieve our objective, we analysed the data from Consumer Barometer. We conducted the principal components analysis, followed by fuzzy clustering in order to determine the groups of users based on the perceived website usability problems during online purchasing. By using factor analysis, we created two factors consisting of variables explaining website usability issues. Moreover, with the use of fuzzy clustering, we created and described three groups of users based on their perception of website usability issues during online purchasing from abroad and assigned countries of origin of these users. The results of our analysis pointed out to one particular group of Internet users (Cluster 3) which are highly sensitive when it comes to the usability issues during their online purchasing process. These results can be used by companies operating on one or more of the observed markets in order to improve their performance when serving their potential customers. In addition, the results can be used in the educational process of educational institutions which field of study is focused on economics and business. As we did not find any similar study, this study extends the current knowledge of the issue and gives insight to the contemporary needs of international online shoppers.
- ItemThe impact of social network on the innovative behavior of it professionals(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Khorakian, Alireza; Jahangir, Mostafa; Ekonomická fakultaIn today’s competitive world, organizations need constant innovations in products, services and processes in order to grow and survive. Key of Innovation is in the innovative behavior of organization employees. Various factors affect the innovative behavior of the staff. The existence of a social network among the employees is one of the factors which can affect this behavior. Despite this fact, the way it affects is one of the major issues in the society of IT professionals. The aim of the research is investigating the mediatory role of sharing mistakes in the impact of social network on innovative behavior of IT professionals. In order to evaluate the research variables, a questionnaire of 18 questions has been used. This questionnaire has been distributed among 210 IT professionals in Mashhad. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling has been used. The results of this research showed that social network has positive impact on sharing mistakes. Also sharing mistakes has impact on generating and promoting ideas. In addition sharing mistakes mediates the impact of social network on generating and promoting ideas. Finally, in the conclusion of the scientific achievement of this research, one can refer to the fact that to promote and develop the IT companies in this competitive industry, innovation is needed. Innovation is created by the innovative employees. To behave innovatively, the employees should have contact through social network, yet if the social network leads the employees to share their mistakes, it would enhance the innovative behavior to a greater extent.
- ItemThe impact of special economic zones on export behaviour(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Nazarczuk, Jarosław Michał; Umiński, Stanisław; Ekonomická fakultaSpecial economic zones play an important role in the global economy and in the economies of particular countries, including Poland. Given the whole body of literature on SEZs-led export activity, the vast majority of papers, restrict the research methods used to the descriptive analyses or the case studies of specific zones, only describing the impact thereof on the national economy. The existing empirical evidence (econometric) in the vast majority of papers associated to zonal operation does not account for the endogeneity bias, which can have a distorting effect on the results. Nevertheless, little is known about the real (based on solid evidence) SEZ influence on the firm-level characteristics, with regard to the creation of exports. The role of SEZs in relation to firm-level export probability/scale/intensity/volume has been investigated using a unique dataset for 155 firms operating in special economic zones (SEZs) in Poland, accompanied by the data for 155 non-SEZs economic entities (matched sample). With the use of different estimation techniques, conditioned by the uneven nature of the tested dependent variables, a positive role of SEZs was found in relation to certain aspects of the firm-level exports. The possible endogeneity problem in the SEZ variable was properly addressed by utilising a kernel-based propensity score matching difference-in-difference estimator and by calculating the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT), accompanied by a series of robustness/sensitivity tests (changes in kernel type, bandwidth, dataset trimming). The results provide consistent evidence on the effect of the SEZs on export probability in firms operating within the zones, as compared to the control group. The positive impact of the SEZs on the scale of exports, export intensity and the volume of exports was however sensitive to dataset trimming. Hence, the impact of the SEZs operation in this regard could not be full acknowledged.
- ItemAt the threshold of the fourth industrial revolution(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Kraftová, Ivana; Doudová, Iveta; Miláček, Radim; Ekonomická fakultaAt the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, the Fourth Industrial Revolution based on the digitization of production processes, more precisely connecting the virtual world to the real world began. The aim of this article is to present the results of the research that focused on comparing the positions of the selected group of countries at the threshold of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in terms of their performance and competitiveness. The analysis is aimed at 13 countries – the six largest economies of the world and seven economies of the former Soviet bloc – from 1993 to 2015 using the localization quotient and index of regional concentration of the industry on the basis of gross added value, supplemented by the SHADE model, the Balassa index and evaluating the comparative advantage of countries in the area of ICT. The research defines the position pattern of countries for the manufacturing and ICT industries. It cannot be said that the differences in localization, resp. the concentration of the industries surveyed were determined by the size of the economy or its membership of traditional market economies. Exportability in ICT goods positively evaluates those economies that have managed to increase their positive Balassa index over time, resp. to get from its negative values to positive ones. The beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is an unrepeatable moment of human history, just as it was with the First, Second and Third Industrial Revolutions. The one who knows and is able to accept, use and multiply the supporting trends is the one who gains.
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