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- ItemBenefits and risks of self-financing of NGOs: empirical evidence from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Austria(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Vaceková, Gabriela; Svidroňová, Mária; Ekonomická fakultaSelf-financing of non-government organizations is a highly discussed topic in the theory and practice of non-government organizations (NGOs). In the presented paper we respond to the current theoretical and practical questions associated with self-financing in the context of an effort to achieve financial independence and thus a long-term stability of NGOs. Our intention is to present and interpret the results of the analysis of primary research of funding the NGOs in the Slovak Republic and Austria and preliminary results of a pilot pre-research in the Czech Republic. Based on the historical development of these countries, especially the development of the non-profit sector within the conditions of every country and on the relevant empirical findings we assess and compare the current extent and potential of self-financing in the selected countries (including the extent of other sources of funding). We point out the benefits and risks connected to the examined issue and try to show that self-financing of NGOs must be understood in a broader context than just a "business" or a commercial activity and that it can be in compliance with the core work. Furthermore we explore the effect of self-financing on the principle of non-distribution-constraint of NGOs and we try to point out that self-financing can be in compliance also with this principle. By presenting these conclusions we fulfil the scientific goal of the paper, which is to identify particular benefits and risks of self-financing of NGOs based on relevant empirical findings from the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Austria.
- ItemPrávo európskej únie(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Pauličková, Alena; Ekonomická fakultaPrávo európskej únie
- ItemThe implementation of internal communication system as a way to company efficiency(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Holá, Jana; Pikhart, Marcel; Ekonomická fakultaThe paper focuses on the management of internal communication inasmuch it can influence company efficiency and competitiveness in the current global business market. The implementation of internal communication strategies can be a way to enhance company efficiency and it can also increase and support engagement of employees in everyday company operations and connect the employees expectations and increase their morale. On the other hand, inefficient communication is a stress factor paralysing the key functions in a company structure and its strategy. The conducted research has proved the crucial role of internal communication in producing superior financial results and the implementation of internal communication into strategic management is considered to be a necessary condition for efficient internal communication in any company operating in the global market. The implementation of internal communication into strategic management of the company means accepting the importance of staff as communicators and partners and thus seeing them as the most important asset for the company. The conducted research carried out in 252 companies operating in the Czech market has shown that strategic and systematic internal communication is important for the company profitability and its competitiveness. Small companies do not focus on internal communication as such and solve the communication issues intuitively and ad hoc, however, it is important to set certain strategies of internal communication into a company management so that the problems of insufficient communication are eliminated as much as possible. The research has proved that in the companies which systematically manage their internal communication the efficiency evaluation of the internal communication is significantly higher than in the ones which do not manage their internal communication systematically, and in the companies which include internal communication in their strategic management the evaluation of efficiency of internal communication is significantly higher than in other companies.
- ItemIdentifying key success factors for international joint ventures in China: a foreign parent perspective from finnish firms(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Zheng, Xiaosong; Larimo, Jorma; Ekonomická fakultaInternational Joint Venture (IJV) has been one of the main foreign market entry approaches in the last decade and this is particularly true for entry to the huge Chinese market. Although IJVs have been a very commonly used entry form many studies have indicated that the IJVs have not reached the goals set for them or they have clearly failed. Recently there has been also a growing interest to examine the performance and determinants of successful IJVs in China from major developed countries. The studies have so far mainly focused on IJVs where the foreign partners are either from Asian countries or from big western economies like from the USA whereas research focused on IJVs established by firms from small developed European economies like from various Nordic countries has been extremely limited. This paper tries to shed some light on this gap by analyzing the performance and key success factors of Finnish-Chinese IJVs from a Finnish parent perspective. In the paper a conceptual model to examine key IJV performance determinants is first built up and then we apply this model in the analysis of a few Finnish-Chinese IJVs. The results of the study show that IJV performance depends on the measure of the performance. Focusing on management evaluation of performance the FDI experience and timing of entry are found to be the key success factors at IJV formation stage while partner commitment is the key success factor at IJV operation stage. At the end of the paper, conclusions are made and limitations are discussed together with an outline of future research directions.
- ItemThe numerical example for evaluating the criteria describing the quality of the trip by international train(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Sivilevičius, Henrikas; Maskeliūnaitė, Lijana; Ekonomická fakultaThe paper aims to determine the quality of the trip by train, which depends on the number of factors described by four groups of criteria. Each group includes individual criteria. The weight of the criteria of each group describing the quality of the trip by train is different. It is determined by using Kendall’s rank correlation method. The normalized weights of sixteen criteria of the group A, describing the elements of the train and the state of the railway track, are found based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. They are used in the original additive mathematical model, allowing the quality of the trip by train to be expressed by a single value – the multiple criteria index. The weight of each criterion is multiplied by its dimensionless variable calculated by comparing the real criterion value to its best, worst or allowable (standard) value. The validity of the developed mathematical model is checked by using the data on the technical state of the elements of the international train ‘Vilnius-Moscow’ and the railway track obtained on the territory of Lithuania.
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