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    The moderating influence of consumer demographics on the relationship between perceived CSR and brand loyalty in the Romanian retail banking sector
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-12-20) Moisescu, Ovidiu-Ioan; Gică, Oana-Adriana; Ekonomická fakulta
    The current research investigates the moderating influence of consumer demographics on the relationship between customers’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and their corporate brand loyalty towards retail banks in Romania, a typical developing country and one of the largest countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The investigation is based on data collected within a survey conducted among a sample of 1,449 Romanian retail banking customers, based on a questionnaire including a specific set of items drawn up from the literature, intended to reflect corporate brand loyalty, as well as perceptual CSR dimensions, from a sustainable development and stakeholder-based perspective. After an exploratory factor analysis, the observed variables were grouped into several latent variables regarding perceived CSR and brand loyalty and, further on, these were included into a multiple regression model which was tested comparatively within various sample groups generated based on consumer demographics variables. The results emphasize several significant dissimilarities between gender, age, education and residence type based consumer segments in what concerns the impact of various CSR dimensions, as perceived by customers, on brand loyalty towards corporate brands in the banking sector. Thus, brand loyalty is significantly influenced by: perceived responsibility towards the environment – only in the case of female, younger and/or higher educated customers; perceived responsibility towards public authorities – only in the case of customers who are male, older, less educated and/or residing in larger cities; by perceived responsibility towards shareholders – only when for customers who are older, higher educated and/or residing in larger cities. The findings have practical implications for enhancing corporate brand loyalty in the regional retail banking sector market by outlining those CSR policies, actions and attitudes which should have priority within local banks’ marketing communications.
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    The methodology of digital shadow economy estimation
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-12-20) Gasparėnienė, Ligita; Bilan, Yuriy; Remeikienė, Rita; Ginevičius, Romualdas; Čepel, Martin; Ekonomická fakulta
    The article introduces a new methodology of digital shadow economy estimation, which is based on the principles of the MIMIC method. This new methodology complements traditional methodologies of shadow economy estimation with such a component as digital shadow economy. Our analysis of the most popular today methods of shadow economic estimation proves that, despite some of its drawbacks, the MIMIC model can be treated as the most comprehensive and appropriate method for such calculations since it takes into account both causal and indicators of shadow economy. As the causal variables here, as applied to digital shadow economy, we use household access to the Internet and IT overall, the volume of non-cash payments and the use of most advanced financial instruments. While as the indicators of the digital shadow economy spread we use: the volume of non-cash payments at online platforms, the frequency of cryptocurrency payments, and the cost of parcels to which customs duties have not been applied. For further empirical verification of the model proposed here, numerical values of both causal variables and indicators would be necessary. Unfortunately, official statistical sources are unable to provide such data in full volume, especially when it comes to cryptocurrencies and other informal payments. Thus, in our further research we plan to not only prove the practical applicability of the offered here model for estimations of digital shadow economy size as well as overall size of shadow economy on the examples of particular countries, but also to accumulate the necessary statistics for such calculations.
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    How does corporate social responsibility impact banking efficiency: a case in China
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-12-20) Zhu, Ning; Stjepcevic, Jelena; Baležentis, Tomas; Yu, Zhiqian; Wang, Bing; Ekonomická fakulta
    Much of the earlier literature was focused on the link between corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance, with contradictory conclusions regarding the impact of corporate social responsibility upon corporate financial performance in the literature. Departing from conventional parametric techniques, this paper employs a fully nonparametric approach to analyze the link between corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance in Chinese banking sector. Specifically, the slack-free Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis is extended into the conditional efficiency framework. The results indicate that corporate social responsibility has a significant impact on banking performance, where an increase in CSR generally leads towards an increase in conditional efficiency, but the attainable frontier might be shifted to any direction for the highest values of corporate social responsibility. In details, the analysis of “pure” efficiency indicates that corporate social responsibility has a stronger impact on increasing net profit if compared to that on contracting the amount of non-performing loans. In other words, it turns out that corporate social responsibility is likely to affect the attainable frontier in the direction of expanding net profit rather than contracting non-performing loans, because the portfolio of non-performing loans is difficult to reduce and therefore the impact of corporate social responsibility is not significant either on the frontier or on average efficiency. However, there exists a trade-off between corporate social responsibility and bank performance when a certain limit is exceeded in Chinese banking. Thus, a minimal increase in corporate social responsibility is likely to contribute to improvements in banking performance (productivity), whereas a negative effect is observed at the highest levels of corporate social responsibility.
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    Analysis of high cost outliers in a Polish reference hospital
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-12-20) Cyganska, Malgorzata; Ekonomická fakulta
    The growing financial problems of healthcare institutions contribute to the search of methods in properly distributing and clearly justifying resources. One of these is detecting outliers accounting for an important share of hospital costs. The aim of the study is to identify the factors facilitating identification of cost outliers in one of the Polish reference hospitals in northeast Poland. We have analyzed 4,570 patients. Cost analysis was done retrospectively using accountancy and statistical data from the hospital. To select the outliers, we used the interquartile method using the median and the interquartile distance. To evaluate the factors that influence the patient being a cost outlier, we considered: age, length of stay, gender, type of admission, reason of discharge, and type of department. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used in the study. Our study revealed that the small percentage of the patients is responsible for the significant level of costs. The total cost outliers comprised 9% of the study sample. They accounted for almost 37% of total hospital costs, 40% of direct costs, and 34% of indirect costs. We discovered that age, gender, length of stay, reason of discharge, and type of department has a significant influence on being the cost outlier. The study revealed that the probability of being the CO increased more than 6 times for the surgical patients. This is consistent with the analysis of CO by ICD 10. The analysis revealed that almost all patients suffered from diseases related to high proportion of CO, required surgery treatment. It is concluded that identifying the cost outliers can contribute to better knowledge by managers about the nature of the costs outliers and can be especially valuable in the financing systems where high costs outliers are separately paid.
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    Measurmenet of inflation forecast targeting. A proposal of methodological solution
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-12-20) Szyszko, Magdalena; Ekonomická fakulta
    The paper offers a methodological solution to measuring inflation forecast targeting (IFT). IFT is a central bank’s procedure which consists in: producing its own inflation forecast, revealing its results and making interest rates decisions on the basis of the forecast. Inflation forecast targeting is implemented, to some extent, by any central bank implementing inflation targeting framework. It facilitates the forward-looking attitude of the central banker. This forward-lookingness facilitates the expectations shaping and goals achievement. The literature on IFT is broad but it does not cover a concise framework for IFT analysis and measurement. The following contribution fills in this gap. It presents the IFT index. The idea of its elaboration is in line with any monetary policy qualitative aspects measurement: 5 aspects of IFT are distinguished, each of which having a system of points attribution described. These aspects are: forecasting methodology, declaration on the forecast role in the monetary policy, forecast publication, actual central bank’s practice and ex post forecast evaluation. Actual central bank’s practice covers the assessment of the central bank’s decision compatibility with the message of the forecast. The multivariate scheme of assessment which considers central bank’s flexibility in the decision making process – guaranteed by the framework of the inflation targeting – is elaborated. The other IFT aspects’ evaluations consist in the analysis of the information revealed. The IFT can be divided into two sub indices: one covering only the forecasting system transparency and the other one – for decisions compatibility check. The IFT index and sub-indices are universal in the sense of considering the IFT broadly on the basis of various central bank’s practice. The index can be used to cross-country and over time comparison – such an example is also presented in the paper. It also makes it possible to verify the hypotheses on the central banks’ consistency in implementing IFT – measured by IFT index – and the central banks’ performance.