Číslo 1
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- Item20 let vývoje české ekonomiky - srovnání se Slovenskem(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Hájek, Ladislav; Režný, Lukáš; Ekonomická fakultaSince the establishment of two independent republics in 1993 Slovakia has developed compared to the Czech Republic significantly faster pace. During the last 20 years the gross domestic product (GDP) was increased only by 67.9% in the Czech Republic, while in the Slovak Republic for the same period by 128%, i.e. more than twice compared with the CR. Much faster economic growth of Slovakia can be only partly explained by the lower initial level of economic development. The rapid economic development in Slovakia was mainly based on different concepts and enforcement of fiscal policy, on lower overall tax burden and therefore on a lower level of redistribution (lower share of public expenditure in GDP) and more favourable conditions for business. The differences between the Czech and Slovak economies growth rates are the expression of various concepts, objectives and government economic policy efficiency. Slovak economic policy for the whole period 1993-2012 in terms of GDP per capita and in terms of convergence to the European Union (EU) seems to be more pragmatic and successful.
- ItemThe Analysis of the creative industry linked in connection with the economic development(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Kloudová, Jitka; Chwaszcz, Ondřej; Ekonomická fakultaThe paper analyses the development of the creative industries in the Czech Republic during the years 1990–2010. The specification of creative industries is undertaken on the basis of the concept of creative economy and is based on the basic classification of the economic activities (NACE). This classification is used by most of the European statistic offices. The study is analyses the development of creative industries in relation to the basic economic indicators (production, employment, net income and export). Each analyzed parameter proves a faster development than the overall average indicators. Production of the creative industries, which increased in the period 2005/2010 by 30% compared to 22% of the national average, is used as an example. Such results demonstrate the positive impact of creative industries to the economy. A similar effect has been demonstrated for other analyzed indicators. Employment in the creative industries has risen also very rapidly over the time. Moreover, the incomes in this industry are higher compared to the average. This leads to the stronger demand and in addition, it ensures higher payments to government budgets. Furthermore, the study analyses the impact of creative industries in every region of the Czech Republic. For this purpose, the Creative Industries Index (CII) was created. Its design is based on the share of creative industries in total production and at the same time it is based on the proportion of employees working in the creative industry in comparison to the total labor force. As a next step, the study uses correlation analysis to establish the link between CII and selected macroeconomic indicators (GDP, vacancies, and incomes). In each case, the positive and high level degree of correlation was found. As a result, this study confirms the significant contribution of creative industries that help to maintain and develop a regional competitiveness.
- ItemDiversity management - perceptions and attitudes by Czech managers(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Eger, Ludvík; Indruchová, Zuzana; Ekonomická fakultaDiversity management has become very important and relevant in the field of the human resource development namely after the Czech Republic joined the European Union. Diversity management is based on the strategy of an organization and it is also connected with corporate culture and corporate social responsibility. The research focused on looking for the differences in the perception of diversity management of the monitored group of respondents from the point of view of their achieved level of education, the position in the organization, the organization size and the length of their work experience. The respondents were young workers in managerial positions or in the positions of a HR specialist with at least part time work responsibilities in the field of human resources management. The implemented t-tests did not prove any statistical significance in any of the monitored differences and it can be stated that with the monitored group there is no difference in the perception of diversity from the point of view of the level of their education, their positions in the organization, the organization size and the length of their work experience. The complementary research by means of the Pearson´s Correlation proved a positive relationship between the individual sections of the questionnaire and the overall perception of the significance of diversity management by the respondents and even a high level of correlation of the overall index with the section Policies and procedures. On the contrary, only weak values of correlation were achieved within the additional section focused at the respondents´ own behaviour in their workplace in relation to the overall index of the perception of diversity management.
- ItemAn econometric approach to factors affecting crop insurance in Romania(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Dragos, Simona Laura; Mare, Codruta; Ekonomická fakultaCrop insurance is a very well implemented mechanism in the economic and agricultural sectors of the developed countries. In the developing countries there are yet in practice traditional local systems of helping the other in the case of natural disasters. The transition to an organized system, based on buying insurance policies, is a very slow process and is, for the moment, used and accepted only by big land owners. The study based on a sample of 308 small farmers in Romania analyzes the factors influencing the decision of buying an insurance policy: age, education, size of the village, the proximity to a city, the type of culture, etc. The sampling method aimed at ensuring representativity on several levels: regional – villages from different counties; education – different levels of education for farmers and different fields of study; type of village – villages of different sizes and situated at various distances from towns; type of crop – farmers that mainly deal with vegetables, pomiculture, vine and field crops. Through two econometric models, Ordered Logit and Binary Logit, both the decision of buying an insurance policy and the type of insurance chosen (partial or full) are assessed. Results show a higher propensity towards using the insurance system in the case of younger farmers who have had access to tertiary education (especially in the field of economics and business), who live in big villages near important cities and who cultivate vegetables. Even though the study is regional, the emphasized mechanisms are universally valid and can be used by policymakers from developing economies.
- ItemThe economic crisis and company management: influences and consequences(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Antonová, Barbora; Zapletalová, Šárka; Ekonomická fakultaThe tourism industry has been considerably affected by the global economic crisis over the most recent years, with its roots identified in the US mortgage market segment. This crisis has caused fluctuations in the markets across all industries, triggering uncertainty in nearly every businessperson in the Czech Republic. By their nature, tourist services are non-essential products, used by customers to satisfy their needs only. Thus, in those times of uncertainty, customers tend to cut down on these services to a certain minimum level. This fact manifested itself during the crisis in 2007–2012. The article presents the impact of the global crisis on the tourism industry, in particular, on accommodation providers in the Olomouc region. The aim of the article was to explore the impact of this crisis on management of group accommodation facilities. The introductory chapter discusses the theoretical aspect of the economic crisis and its relations with company management, as well as the impact of the crisis on provision of accommodation services in the reference period across the nation. Following this, hypotheses are established, to be subsequently assessed by means of the primary research run as the questionnaire poll in the Olomouc region. The article focuses essentially on a change of managers in accommodation facilities, other measures taken by managers during the crisis, and the consequences of these measures.
- ItemEffectiveness of using e-learning for business disciplines: the case of introductory management course(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Mohelská, Hana; Sokolová, Marcela; Ekonomická fakultaEducation and development of employees in the traditional sense focus on the formation of working abilities of a person and that part of their personality, through which they create values in order to improve the work performance of individuals, to fulfil their individual goals within their working career and improve the performance of an organization as a whole. The purpose of education is to promote competitiveness and a greater flexibility of workers in a rapidly changing environment. Organizations must therefore use all available methods of education appropriately combined, and to set the whole process of education to be not only effective, but also financially acceptable. The economic crisis is taking longer than expected and companies can no longer afford staff training as before. One possibility is the introduction of e-learning in corporate training. The paper describes the various forms of education and based on the results of custom research (experiment) it compares the effectiveness of e-learning and traditional learning. Based on the conducted experiment, we can state that training in basic managerial skills with the help of e-learning is same efficient as traditional education methods. On the basis of the facts it certainly cannot be clearly stated that each organization (educational institution, business) shall introduce e-learning into the education system of their employees. It is necessary to access each organization individually. There are mentioned criteria and tools that can help you decide. There are also other possible research directions discussed.
- ItemThe effects of co-brand marketing mix strategies on customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty for medium and small traders and manufacturers(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Kim, Ki-Pyeong; Kim, Yoo-Oh; Lee, Min-Kweon; Youn, Myoung-Kil; Ekonomická fakultaDue to Korea’s recent economic depression, polarised consumption, and intensifying competition, its medium and small traders and manufacturers find it increasingly difficult to compete for sales in the domestic and foreign markets. The reality is that their survival is being threatened by the weakness of their brand power compared to that of large businesses and global enterprises. As the brand has become a key method for identifying products and guaranteeing quality owing to the spread of the Internet, the position of medium and small traders and manufacturers with relatively weak brand power has become tenuous. Accordingly, securing the brand marketing function is becoming a crucial factor for those medium and small traders and manufacturers who wish to leap into the middle ranks through sales increases and business stabilization achieved by market extension. Therefore, this study presents a model that clarifies the effect of the Co-Brand Marketing Mix Strategy when used by medium and small traders and manufacturers on customer satisfaction and loyalty and offers hypotheses to clarify the relationship among variables by examining previous studies on co-brand, the Marketing Mix Strategy, customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty. The fact that customer satisfaction increases loyalty, thus triggering repurchase intentions and recommendation intentions, will also be verified. This paper is, therefore, clearly different from existing studies targeting large, medium, and small businesses since it focuses on medium and small traders and manufacturers. The significance of this study is in its assertion that the co-brand strategy can become a method for medium and small traders and manufacturers to secure their competitiveness.
- ItemFaktory ovlivňující kupní chování spotřebitelů a jejich význam pro podniky(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Novotný, Josef; Duspiva, Pavel; Ekonomická fakultaThe article reports the results of research consumers’ behavior and preferences when buying housing supplements, household equipment and preparation of new processed models which identifies the key factors influencing the purchasing behavior of consumers. Nowadays, the purchasing behavior of consumers is a topical problem on market due to frequent changes in society which have a substantial impact on the purchasing behavior, such as economic conditions, demographic trends, the influence of minorities, globalization or climate changes in the world. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was performed through research of consumers according to segmentation criteria divided into eight segments and that was aimed on selected factors having a topical influence on consumers. Based on the results of the research was drawn a model of identical and nonidentical factors influencing purchase consumers’ behavior and the model cobwebs. Both models forms basis for management decision-making enterprise in business policy. Subsequently, research was performed in enterprises whose business activities are aimed on home furnishings and household equipment. Research observed verification of test hypotheses concerning the marketing activities of enterprises and the possibility of using models. The proposed models allow enterprises more efficient decision-making during product innovation, specialization in business policy and marketing activities. The enterprises that do not consistently pay attention to purchasing behavior of consumers with using of factors that are influencing consumers´ purchasing behavior, they may lose competitiveness, market position and customers.
- ItemModel of communication usable for small and medium-sized companies for the consumer communication in social media(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Ungerman, Otakar; Myslivcová, Světlana; Ekonomická fakultaThe subject of this report rests in small and medium companies that use social media for communication with their consumers, which is without a doubt one of the important methods of the current modern marketing communication. Competition keeps growing on the current market, and small or medium companies have increasingly more difficult position in establishing themselves against the international chains. If such companies wish to succeed in this struggle, they must utilize all means leading to creation of long-term relationships with their customers. Social media represent one way of building such relationship, since it is activity, creativity, idea, or thought, and not financial means, what matters. However, there is still a question regarding how should companies utilize social media so that they satisfy individual wishes and needs of customers and stay on the market. Proposal of a certain communication method standard that would provide small and middle companies with a general instructions how to build a relationship with a customer can be the solution. Therefore, this study's objective rests in a proposal of a marketing communication model that respect specifics of small or medium companies and social media. The communication model was built especially on identification of dimensions that are the most important in a user's perception of the social medium. At first, this study summarizes existing knowledge on utilization of the social media, communication modeling, and the current relationship of a sender and a recipient toward social communication. These concepts were subjected to the comparative analysis and summarized in the final synthesis. For the purpose of achieving the study's objective, empirical evaluation of social media users had been carried out. Data was evaluated using one-dimension and multiple-dimension statistic analysis. A communication model that can be utilized by small or medium companies for communication with consumers using social media is proposed in the study's conclusion.
- ItemRole of learning organization in building consumer confidence(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Adamska, Małgorzata; Minárová, Martina; Ekonomická fakultaThe proof of intellectual capital excellence is the current business practice that requires attention and focus on this kind of capital. The intellectual capital of an organization is the sum total of its human capital, structural capital and relational capital. These assets form a source of competitive advantage and distinguish the performance of one organization from the other. Having control on intellectual capital enables effective knowledge sharing, on the one hand and improvement of customer relationship on the other. The increase of knowledge and its relationship with the learning process is a very important for organization. It is widely accepted that organization which invest in the creation of new knowledge and increasing the intellectual capital through research and development activities or tend to do better than those that ride on the coat of knowledge created by others. The results of our research extend the understanding of the role of organizational learning in creating intellectual capital and building sustainable advantages for organization, where different concept of the customer confidence management in various stages of the customer capital life cycle may bring different implications for valuation of intellectual capital. This paper presents and describes customer capital of an organization as an element of market capital in the structure of the intellectual capital of modern organizations. For businesses it is very important to build confidence and customer loyalty. To be able to build on it, they have to gain the confidence of customer. By applying the principles of a learning organization tend businesses to continuous learning, acquisition and sharing of new knowledge that can be used for building confidence in individual stages of the life cycle of the customer.
- ItemStrategy and strategic management concepts: are they recognised by management students?(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Ferreira, João J.; Raposo, Mário L.; Mainardes, Emerson Wagner; Ekonomická fakultaThe purpose of this paper is to assess the acquired knowledge of university management students on strategy and strategic management concepts. Phenomenography was used in the analysis and a collective description was conducted. A sample of students taking management degrees at five universities was adopted. Following data analysis, a model explaining our definition of students is presented. This definition was compared with the existing literature. Our findings do not indicate a single, predominant concept but reflect a diverse set of existing concepts. We conclude that students do present difficulties when it comes to explaining their theoretical definition in real situations applied to organizations. The results contribute towards a better understanding of the universities surveyed, but cannot be generalized. Thus, we recommend future studies replicate this research project at other Higher Education Institutions and confirm the factors making up the construction of the definition of strategy from the perspective of future managers. Given that topics relating to strategy and strategic management are highly relevant to organizations today, it is of similar great importance to identifying just what future managers perceive about these issues. Our model explains the definition of strategy in the vision of young managers about to enter the market. A balance between the current schools of thought on strategy and an approach to the reality of enterprises are presented as challenges for both teachers and researchers in this field.
- ItemVybrané aspekty efektívnosti sovenského zdravotníctva jednodňová zdravotná starostlivosť a jej rozvoj v podmienkach Slovenskej Republiky(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Šikula, Milan; Ekonomická fakultaVybrané aspekty efektívnosti sovenského zdravotníctva jednodňová zdravotná starostlivosť a jej rozvoj v podmienkach Slovenskej Republiky
- ItemVyužívanie platobných kariet a efektívnosť bánk(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Kočišová, Kristína; Ekonomická fakultaThe dynamic development of the use of credit cards there in recent years in all EU Member States, as evidenced by the growth of ATM, EFTPOS terminals, and the value of payments made by them. The aim of this paper was to analyse whether the development of the use of payment cards have a positive impact on the efficiency of the EU banking sector measured by DEA models. The starting point was the status of selected variables (number of ATM and EFTPOS terminals, total assets to a credit institution, the value of payments made via ATM and EFTPOS terminals per capita, the value of deposits and loans) in the banking sectors of the 27 EU countries in 2001 and 2011. Considered variables in these years became the basis for evaluating the effectiveness by CCR and BCC input oriented model. Calculation of the efficiency score was found to Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Italy, Malta, Poland and Slovakia were positively influenced by the use of credit cards. For these countries, the percentage increase in the number of ATMs and terminals exceeded the percentage increase in the value of payments made, which resulted in the growth of efficiency score in those countries. On the other hand, in countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, there is a decrease in efficiency due to higher growth in the number of ATM and terminals, compared with the growth rate of the value of payments made by them. In the group of analysed countries, there were the countries with such a structure of input and output parameters in both years were able to maintain the effectiveness (Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, and United Kingdom). DEA analysis results confirm the assumption that if an increasing number of devices aren’t supported by the use of the clients, it will have the negative impact of the banking sector in the form of lost efficiency. The results of the correlation and regression analysis confirmed a significant impact of parameters (number of ATM and terminals; values of payments) to achieved efficiency.
- ItemWavelet analysis of stock return energy decomposition and return comovement - a case of some central European and developed European stock markets(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Dajčman, Silvo; Kavkler, Alenka; Ekonomická fakultaIn this article we investigate comovement of the three Central and Eastern European (CEE) stock markets (Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Hungary) with certain developed European stock markets (Austria, France, Germany and the United Kingdom) through the novel approach of maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT). We use two features of MODWT to explore energy decomposition of stock market returns at different time scales and to apply methodology of [29] to study comovement between investigated stock markets. We show that most of the energy (variability) of stock market return series is captured by scale 1 (which correspond to 2–4 days return dynamics) and scale 2 (which correspond to 4-8 days return dynamics) MODWT coefficients. MODWT details are used to show that comovement between stock markets is scale-dependent and declines from raw (daily) return series to first- and second-scale reconstructed return series. The findings of the survey then have important implications for foreign financial investors who already hold international portfolios that exactly replicate those of non-Czech or non-Hungarian stock markets: international investing in the Czech or Hungarian stock markets with investment horizons corresponding to scale 2 (4 to 8 days) brings greater international diversification benefits than shorter (2 to 4 day horizon) international trading diversification strategies. The Slovenian stock market differs from the Czech and Hungarian markets also in this respect, as when the scale is increased the benefits of diversification are reduced. We also find that the volatility of Slovenian stock index returns is less synchronized with other observed stock return series. Interestingly, the Czech and Slovenian stock markets seem to comove with the Austrian stock market to a greater extent than with other developed stock markets.