Studium migračních vlastností nanoželeza modifikovaného surfaktanty
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Date
2014-10-20
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Abstract
Cílem této práce bylo porovnání vlivu povrchové modifikace pomocí různých surfaktantů na fyzikální a chemické vlastnosti nulamocného železa typu NANOFER STAR (Nanoiron s.r.o.). Povrchová modifikace zabraňuje nežádoucím efektům, jako vytváření agregátů a reakci mezi látkami horninového prostředí, které nepříznivě ovlivňují sanační zásah. Pro tuto práci byly vybrány 4 komerčně dostupné surfaktanty s rozdílnými vlastnostmi: Alfonal K, Flavol KDA, Syntapon L (Enaspol a.s.) a Plantacare 1200 UP (Cognis) Teoretická část je zamřena na vlastnosti železných nanočástic, jejich stabilizaci, způsob aplikace, polutanty, které jsou železem odstraňovány a metodami měření. V praktické části jsou charakterizovány použité železné částice a surfaktanty, popisovány způsoby přípravy vzorků a jejich měření a zhodnoceny výsledky. Zkoumanými vlastnostmi emulzí železa byly velikost částic, -potenciál a sedimentace. Pro měření byly připraveny dispergované emulze železa s modifikovaným povrchem a referenční emulze bez modifikace. Vzhledem k ochranné vrstvě železa NANOFER STAR byly emulze připraveny dvakrát a jedna sada emulzí byla po dobu 24 hodin uložena za účelem rozpuštění ochranné vrstvy. Velikost částic byla měřena metodou dynamického rozptylu světla na přístroji Zetasizer Nano ZS. Na stejném přístroji byl změřen i -potenciál částic metodou M3-PALS. Měření rychlosti sedimentace bylo prováděno na sedimentační aparatuře sestavené na Technické univerzitě v Liberci. Všechna naměřená data byla zpracována do grafů a porovnána mezi sebou. Přínosem této práce, vzhledem k téměř nutné modifikaci povrchu, je souhrn informací o použitých surfaktantech, jejich schopnosti ovlivňovat migrační vlastnosti nanočástic železa a rozhodnutí o nejlépe vyhovujícím surfaktantu pro požadovaný experiment.
This bachelor thesis deals with the comparison between the influence of the surface modification of various surfactants on the physical and chemical properties of the zero-valent iron type of NANOFER STAR (Nanoiron s.r.o.).The surface modification prevents the unwanted effects, such as creating aggregates and reaction between substances of the geological environment that adversely affect remediation. The thesis uses four commercially available surfactants with different properties of Alfonal K, Flavol KDA , Syntapon L (Enaspol a.s.) and Plantacare 1200 UP(Cognis).The theoretical part deals with the properties of iron nanoparticles and their stabilization, application method, pollutants that are removed by iron and measurement methods.The experimental part describes iron particles and surfactants which were used during the research. Moreover, this part of the thesis also describes the method of preparation of samples and measurements and evaluates the results.The examined properties of iron nanoparticles were: particle size, -potential and the ability to remain in suspension as long as possible. Secondly, nanoparticle suspension of iron, surfactant and one reference suspension without surfactant were also made. NANOFER STAR protects against oxidation of inorganic layer. One set of the suspension was deposited for 24 hours for better simulation of the conditions and the application itself. The NANOFER STAR is getting activate it to dissolve the protective layer and the measurement was performed later. Before each measurement, the suspensions were dispersed by the rod disperser. The particle size was measured by the dynamic light scattering Zetasizer Nano ZS. -potential of the particles was also measured, on the same device, using M3-PALS. The measurement of capabilities to remain buoyant as long as possible was done using sedimentation apparatus, assembled at the Technical University in Liberec. All measured data were processed into graphs, compared with one another.The contribution of this work, due to the almost necessary surface modification, is a summary of the used surfactants and their ability to influence the migration of nanoparticles of iron and the decision on the best match of a surfactant for the desired experiment.
This bachelor thesis deals with the comparison between the influence of the surface modification of various surfactants on the physical and chemical properties of the zero-valent iron type of NANOFER STAR (Nanoiron s.r.o.).The surface modification prevents the unwanted effects, such as creating aggregates and reaction between substances of the geological environment that adversely affect remediation. The thesis uses four commercially available surfactants with different properties of Alfonal K, Flavol KDA , Syntapon L (Enaspol a.s.) and Plantacare 1200 UP(Cognis).The theoretical part deals with the properties of iron nanoparticles and their stabilization, application method, pollutants that are removed by iron and measurement methods.The experimental part describes iron particles and surfactants which were used during the research. Moreover, this part of the thesis also describes the method of preparation of samples and measurements and evaluates the results.The examined properties of iron nanoparticles were: particle size, -potential and the ability to remain in suspension as long as possible. Secondly, nanoparticle suspension of iron, surfactant and one reference suspension without surfactant were also made. NANOFER STAR protects against oxidation of inorganic layer. One set of the suspension was deposited for 24 hours for better simulation of the conditions and the application itself. The NANOFER STAR is getting activate it to dissolve the protective layer and the measurement was performed later. Before each measurement, the suspensions were dispersed by the rod disperser. The particle size was measured by the dynamic light scattering Zetasizer Nano ZS. -potential of the particles was also measured, on the same device, using M3-PALS. The measurement of capabilities to remain buoyant as long as possible was done using sedimentation apparatus, assembled at the Technical University in Liberec. All measured data were processed into graphs, compared with one another.The contribution of this work, due to the almost necessary surface modification, is a summary of the used surfactants and their ability to influence the migration of nanoparticles of iron and the decision on the best match of a surfactant for the desired experiment.
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Subject(s)
povrchová modifikace, surfaktanty, nanočástice železa, -potenciál, velikostní distribuce, sedimentace, migrační vlastnosti, surface modification, Surfactants, iron nanoparticles, -potential, size distribution, sedimentation, migration properties