Optimalizace dopravních tras v logistického podniku
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Cílem této diplomové práce je optimalizovat přepravní trasy, kterými logistický podnik dopravuje zboží do odběratelských míst. Optimalizace se provádí zejména s ohledem na snížení spotřeby pohonných hmot a s tím související minimalizace finančních nákladů logistického podniku. V prvních kapitolách diplomové práce je uveden širší kontext fungování logistické společnosti. Je zde zmíněn vozový park, kterým firma disponuje a služby, které nabízí. S těmito informacemi je pak dále pracováno, zejména v praktické části, kde je navrhováno výsledné řešení optimalizace. Praktická část diplomové práce je zaměřena na konkrétní případy z praxe logistické společnosti, a to na trasy distribuční a celovozové. Optimalizace distribučních tras je provedena pomocí postupných matematických operací, které vedou ke snížení kilometrové vzdálenosti. V diplomové práci byly řešeny dopravní situace, které jsou v odborné literatuře nazývány dopravní problém a distribuční problém obchodního cestujícího. Na jejich řešení byly využity metody dle Littla , dle Clarka-Wrighta a Vogelova aproximační metoda. Optimalizace celovozových tras je zaměřena hlavně na příčiny kilometrů, které vozidlo ujelo bez nákladu, a jejich minimalizaci. Porovnává se zde poměr celkových ujetých kilometrů a kilometrů bez nákladu. Vozidla, jejichž pracovní výkony vykazují kritické hodnoty, jsou následně podrobně zkoumána. Příčiny se identifikují, a je zde navrženo řešení, které snižuje procento prázdných kilometrů na nezbytně nutný počet. V diplomové práci jsou také zmíněny možnosti využití informačních a komunikačních technologií ve vztahu k úspoře pohonných hmot. Jedná se především o pokročilé sledovací systémy GPS, jejichž funkce monitoruje nejen aktuální polohu vozidla, ale také např. vyhodnocuje jízdu řidiče z ekonomického hlediska. Pro prezentaci výsledků jsou v diplomové práci použity především grafy, které porovnávají vybrané klíčové vlastnosti (kilometrová náročnost, finanční zátěž) před optimalizací a stav po optimalizaci.
The main goal of this thesis is focused on the optimization of the truck routes in the logistic company. The main function of the truck routes is goods delivery by trucks. The aim of the optimization is to reduce the fuel consumption of the trucks and mainly the reduction of the financial cost for the transporting. At the beginning of the diploma thesis is explanation how the logistic company works and which services could be offered. Also there are noticed what kind of truck the logistic company get. This information is very useful in a practical part of the thesis, where the particular solution of the optimization is designed. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the distribution routes and the full load routes. The optimization of the distribution routes is solved by sophisticated mathematical operation which leads to the distance reduction. The diploma thesis is solving traffic situation, which are called the Travelling Salesman Problem and the Transportation Problem by technical literature sources. These distribution problems are solved by Little´s method, Clark-Wright´s method and Vogel´s approximation method. The optimization of the full load routes is mainly focused on the cause of the distances which was driven without any load and also how to minimize it. The root of this is laying in a draw a comparison between overall driven distance and distance without load. The resulting value is a critical limit and all vehicles which are below this point will be more examined. The causes are identified and the solution is designed in order to reduce the distance without any load. The diploma thesis is also conducting a survey of using an informational and communication technology in order to minimize the fuel consumption. Primarily there is written about advanced tracking systems GPS which is designed not only for the monitoring the truck position in real time, but also there are some function could be useful for the evaluation of the driver´s economical ride skills. The overall results of the optimization are presented by diagrams, which showed the comparison between the situation before and after optimization process. There are mainly shown the key attributes like financial costs and driven distances.
The main goal of this thesis is focused on the optimization of the truck routes in the logistic company. The main function of the truck routes is goods delivery by trucks. The aim of the optimization is to reduce the fuel consumption of the trucks and mainly the reduction of the financial cost for the transporting. At the beginning of the diploma thesis is explanation how the logistic company works and which services could be offered. Also there are noticed what kind of truck the logistic company get. This information is very useful in a practical part of the thesis, where the particular solution of the optimization is designed. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the distribution routes and the full load routes. The optimization of the distribution routes is solved by sophisticated mathematical operation which leads to the distance reduction. The diploma thesis is solving traffic situation, which are called the Travelling Salesman Problem and the Transportation Problem by technical literature sources. These distribution problems are solved by Little´s method, Clark-Wright´s method and Vogel´s approximation method. The optimization of the full load routes is mainly focused on the cause of the distances which was driven without any load and also how to minimize it. The root of this is laying in a draw a comparison between overall driven distance and distance without load. The resulting value is a critical limit and all vehicles which are below this point will be more examined. The causes are identified and the solution is designed in order to reduce the distance without any load. The diploma thesis is also conducting a survey of using an informational and communication technology in order to minimize the fuel consumption. Primarily there is written about advanced tracking systems GPS which is designed not only for the monitoring the truck position in real time, but also there are some function could be useful for the evaluation of the driver´s economical ride skills. The overall results of the optimization are presented by diagrams, which showed the comparison between the situation before and after optimization process. There are mainly shown the key attributes like financial costs and driven distances.
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Optimalizace, logistický podnik, plánování dopravních tras, úspora pohonných hmot, GPS, Optimization, logistic company, traffic routes planning, fuel consumption, GPS