Geopolymerní kompozit pro požární ochranu
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Disertační práce představuje výzkum materiálů odolných proti ohni a jejich použití ve stavebních konstrukcích za účelem prevence a ochrany bezpečnosti osob při vzniku požáru. Autor práce aplikoval technologii povrchové úpravy nanášením ohnivzdorných kompozitních materiálů na povrch základních materiálů ve stavebních konstrukcích. Povrstvené ohnivzdorné kompozity na konstrukčních površích jsou nehořlavé a mohou bránit šíření ohně, aby se prodloužil čas pro evakuaci lidí v případě požáru. Ohnivzdorné kompozitní materiály vyvinuté v práci byly založeny na geopolymerní matrici komerčně dostupné v České republice.Autor práce s kolegy provedli výzkumné práce na Technické univerzitě v Liberci (TUL) a ve společnosti Pavus a.s. také. Autor vyvinul nové geopolymerní pěny (GF) jako ohnivzdorné kompozitní materiály pro povlakování základních materiálů. Vyvinuté GF mají nízkou hmotnost, velmi nízkou tepelnou vodivost, odolnost vůči vysokým teplotám nad 1000 °C a flexibilní použitelnost. GF se povlakovaly na povrch substrátu laminováním a nástřikem. Autor zkoumal a hodnotil požární odolnost GF povlakování na površích ocelových, betonových, dřevěných, hliníkových a polystyrenových materiálů na TUL. Kromě toho byla ve společnosti Pavus a.s. zkoumána a zhodnocena požární odolnost GF na površích betonových desek, OSB panelů a ocelových plechů.Výsledky experimentů na TUL ukázaly, že GF jsou vhodné povlakové materiály pro většinu substrátů, jako jsou ocel, beton, dřevo, hliník a polystyren. Ohnivzdorná doba materiálů povlakovaných ochrannou vrstvou GF je výrazně zvýšená. Doba ohnivzdornosti ocelových a betonových desek, OSB panelů, hliníkových a polystyrénových desek pokrytých vrstvou GF o různých tloušťkách je u oceli 134 min, u betonu 100 min, u OSB panel 99 min, u hlinik 125 min a u polystyreny15 min. Výsledky měření ve společnosti Pavus a.s ukázaly, že GF povlakování na betonových deskách, OSB panelech a ocelových deskách měly doby ohnivzdornosti 180 min (beton), 130 min (OSB panel) a 50 min (ocel).Geopolymer vyztužený materiály šetrnými k životnímu prostředí (vlna, čedič, rýžová slupka) navíc v práci prokázal významné zlepšení svých mechanických vlastností a doby ohněvzdornosti. GF byla měřena měrná hustota (546 - 1028 kg.m-3), koeficient tepelné vodivosti (0,13 - 0,359 W/m.K), pórovitost (41,8 - 62,5%), pevnost v tlaku (1,94 - 9 MPa) a pevnost v ohybu (0,96 - 2,93 MPa).Autorovy výzkumné výsledky ukázaly,že GF je vynikající povlakovací materiál pro ohnivzdorné účely při vysokých teplotách.
The thesis presents the research of fire-resistant materials and their application in building constructions for the purpose of preventing and protecting the safety of people when the fire occurs. The thesis author has applied the technology of surface treatment by coating fire-resistant composite materials on the surface of base materials in building structures. The coating fire-resistant composite materials on the structural surfaces can be fire-retardant and preventing the spread of fire to increase the time for evacuating the people in the case of fire. The fire-resistant composite materials developed in the thesis were based on geopolymer matrix commercialized in the Czech Republic.The thesis author and colleagues conducted huge research work at the Technical University of Liberec (TUL) and the company of Pavus a.s. as well. The author has developed new geopolymer foams (GFs) as fire-resistant composite materials used for coating the base materials. The developed GFs have lightweight, low thermal conductivity, high-temperature resistance above 1000 °C, and flexible applicability. The GFs have coated on the substrate surfaces by laminating and spraying methods. The author has investigated and assessed the fire-resistance of GFs coated on the surfaces of the steel, concrete, wood, aluminum, and polystyrene structures at the TUL. In addition, the fire-resistance of GFs on the surfaces of concrete slabs, OSB panels, and steel plates has been examined and evaluated at the company Pavus a.s.Research results at the TUL have shown that GFs are suitable coating materials for most substrates such as steel, concrete, wood, aluminum, and polystyrene materials. The fire-resistant time of the substrate materials coated with a GF protective layer is greatly improved. The fire-resistant periods of steel plates, concrete slabs, OSB panels, aluminum plates, and polystyrene boards covered with a GF protective layer with different thicknesses are 134, 100, 99, 125 and 15 min, respectively. In addition, research results at the company Pavus a.s indicated that the GFs coated on the concrete slabs, OSB panels, and steel plates had the respective fire-resistant times of 180, 130, and 50 min.Moreover, in the thesis geopolymer reinforced with environmentally friendly materials (wool, basalt, rice husk) has shown a significant improvement in its mechanical properties and the fire-resistant time. The density, thermal conductivity coefficient, porosity, compressive and flexural strength of the GFs were measured as 546 - 1028 kg.m-3, 0.13 - 0.359 W/m.K, 41.8 - 62.5 %, 1.94 - 9 MPa, 0.96 - 2.93 MPa, respectively.In short, the research results in this thesis have shown that the GF is an excellent coating material for the fire-resistant purpose at high-temperature.
The thesis presents the research of fire-resistant materials and their application in building constructions for the purpose of preventing and protecting the safety of people when the fire occurs. The thesis author has applied the technology of surface treatment by coating fire-resistant composite materials on the surface of base materials in building structures. The coating fire-resistant composite materials on the structural surfaces can be fire-retardant and preventing the spread of fire to increase the time for evacuating the people in the case of fire. The fire-resistant composite materials developed in the thesis were based on geopolymer matrix commercialized in the Czech Republic.The thesis author and colleagues conducted huge research work at the Technical University of Liberec (TUL) and the company of Pavus a.s. as well. The author has developed new geopolymer foams (GFs) as fire-resistant composite materials used for coating the base materials. The developed GFs have lightweight, low thermal conductivity, high-temperature resistance above 1000 °C, and flexible applicability. The GFs have coated on the substrate surfaces by laminating and spraying methods. The author has investigated and assessed the fire-resistance of GFs coated on the surfaces of the steel, concrete, wood, aluminum, and polystyrene structures at the TUL. In addition, the fire-resistance of GFs on the surfaces of concrete slabs, OSB panels, and steel plates has been examined and evaluated at the company Pavus a.s.Research results at the TUL have shown that GFs are suitable coating materials for most substrates such as steel, concrete, wood, aluminum, and polystyrene materials. The fire-resistant time of the substrate materials coated with a GF protective layer is greatly improved. The fire-resistant periods of steel plates, concrete slabs, OSB panels, aluminum plates, and polystyrene boards covered with a GF protective layer with different thicknesses are 134, 100, 99, 125 and 15 min, respectively. In addition, research results at the company Pavus a.s indicated that the GFs coated on the concrete slabs, OSB panels, and steel plates had the respective fire-resistant times of 180, 130, and 50 min.Moreover, in the thesis geopolymer reinforced with environmentally friendly materials (wool, basalt, rice husk) has shown a significant improvement in its mechanical properties and the fire-resistant time. The density, thermal conductivity coefficient, porosity, compressive and flexural strength of the GFs were measured as 546 - 1028 kg.m-3, 0.13 - 0.359 W/m.K, 41.8 - 62.5 %, 1.94 - 9 MPa, 0.96 - 2.93 MPa, respectively.In short, the research results in this thesis have shown that the GF is an excellent coating material for the fire-resistant purpose at high-temperature.
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Subject(s)
geopolymerní pěna, betonová deska, odpadní vlákno, zkouška požární odolnosti, OSB panel, hliníkový prášek, mechanické vlastnosti, geopolymer foam, concrete slab, waste fiber, fire-resistant test, OSB panel, aluminum powder, mechanical properties