Biogenní syntéza oxidických nanočástic
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Tato práce se zabývá biogenní syntézou nanočástic oxidů železa, mědi a zinku pomocí extraktů z plodů černého bezu (Sambucus nigra), jablek (Malus sylvestris), černého čaje (Camellia sinensis) a listů rýmovníku citrónového (Plectranthus amboinicus). V práci byly také pro porovnání provedeny syntézy pomocí čistých chemikálií (glukózy, kyseliny askorbové, pyrogallolu a kyseliny tříslové). Výsledné produkty byly charakterizovány pomocí SEM, EDS a XRD. U částic oxidů železa syntetizované pomocí extraktu z černého bezu a jablek byly patrné krystalografické formy magnetitu. Částice oxidů mědi připravené pomocí extraktů a čistých látek měly sférický tvar. Naopak u oxidu zinku jevily částice nehomogenní velikost a tvar. EDS spektra jednotlivých oxidů prokázaly přítomnost balastů (např. uhlík, draslík, hořčík, fosfor), které pocházely z extraktů. XRD analýza potvrdila výskyt balastů u oxidů železa hlavně ve formě hydrogenuhličitanu draselného a také přítomnost magnetických fází ve formě magnetitu a maghemitu. Byla testována antibakteriální aktivita nanočástic oxidů mědi a zinku na bakteriálních kmenech Escherichia coli a Staphylococcus aureus. Oba oxidy vykazovaly baktericidní účinek.
This thesis discusses plant mediated biogenic synthesis of iron, copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles using extracts from the fruit of elderberries (Sambucus nigra), apples (Malus sylvestris), black tea (Camellia sinensis) and the leaves of Mexican mint (Plectranthus amboinicus). For comparison, clean chemicals (glucose, ascorbic acid, pyrogallol and tannic acid) were also used to synthesize oxide nanoparticles. The resulting products were characterized using SEM, EDS and XRD. Iron oxide particles synthesized using the extracts from elderberries and apples had noticeable crystallographic forms of magnetite. Copper oxide particles synthesized using the extracts and the clean chemicals were spherical in shape. On the other hand zinc oxide particles appeared to be inhomogeneous both in shape and size. EDS spectrums of the individual oxides showed the presence of impurities (e.g. carbon, potassium, magnesium, phosphor), which originated from the extracts. XRD analysis of iron oxides confirmed the presence of impurities mainly in the form of potassium bicarbonate, as well as the presence of magnetic phases in the form of magnetite and maghemite. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles was tested on bacterial colonies Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both oxides proved to have bactericidal effect.
This thesis discusses plant mediated biogenic synthesis of iron, copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles using extracts from the fruit of elderberries (Sambucus nigra), apples (Malus sylvestris), black tea (Camellia sinensis) and the leaves of Mexican mint (Plectranthus amboinicus). For comparison, clean chemicals (glucose, ascorbic acid, pyrogallol and tannic acid) were also used to synthesize oxide nanoparticles. The resulting products were characterized using SEM, EDS and XRD. Iron oxide particles synthesized using the extracts from elderberries and apples had noticeable crystallographic forms of magnetite. Copper oxide particles synthesized using the extracts and the clean chemicals were spherical in shape. On the other hand zinc oxide particles appeared to be inhomogeneous both in shape and size. EDS spectrums of the individual oxides showed the presence of impurities (e.g. carbon, potassium, magnesium, phosphor), which originated from the extracts. XRD analysis of iron oxides confirmed the presence of impurities mainly in the form of potassium bicarbonate, as well as the presence of magnetic phases in the form of magnetite and maghemite. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles was tested on bacterial colonies Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both oxides proved to have bactericidal effect.
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biogenní syntéza, nanočástice oxidů, oxid železa, oxid mědi, oxid zinku, zelená syntéza, rostlinné extrakty, antibakteriální aktivita, biogenic synthesis, oxide nanoparticles, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, green synthesis, plant extracts, antibacterial activity