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- ItemThe Role of Perceived Risk and Security Level in Building Trust in E-government Solutions(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Ejdys, Joanna; Ginevicius, Romualdas; Rozsa, Zoltan; Janoskova, Katarina; Ekonomická fakultaIncreasingly, social and economic development is determined by the technologies, including ICT. Technologic development can be seen, on the one hand, as an opportunity and, on the other hand, as a threat to the socio-economic development. The substitution of human-to-human relationships with human-to-machine or machine-to-machine connections is becoming increasingly more controversial, thus providing a basis for scientific deliberations. Trust, which is the cornerstone of all interpersonal relationships, is frequently mentioned in the context of interactions between humans and technologies, becoming the object of scientific interest. One of the growing ICT areas is services provided by public administration (e-government) enabling citizens to deal with official matters via the Internet. Considering a relatively low level of e-government technology adoption in Poland, compared to other European countries, it is justified to search for reasons for such a state of affairs. Trust seems to have an important place among many factors determining the development of e-government technology. In technology acceptance models, among the determinants of trust in technology, especially in the context of personal data security, an important role is played by the perceived level of risk and security associated with the use of solutions. This article aimed to identify if the perceived risk and security of e-government technology determine the level of trust in the technology and future intentions of its adoption. Based on the literature review, the authors hypothesised that trust in e-government technology and the future intention of its use could be directly shaped by perceived risk and security. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect research data from Polish citizens. All in all, 1,067 forms were filled. Results received using the structural equation modelling confirmed that the most important factor shaping trust in technology was a perceived level of security. Results also confirmed a positive impact of trust on the future intended use.
- ItemHow Does Work Pressure Moderate the Formation Mechanism of Revisit Intention of Leisure Tourism Destinations: A Test of Moderating Effect(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Li, Huamin; Zhang, Xuejing; Streimikiene, Dalia; Hipters, Zinaida; Ekonomická fakultaTourism destination choosing intention is the key field of tourism behavior research and tourism marketing. Though previous studies confirm that tourist’s perceived value has a significant impact on tourism destination choosing intention, there has been little research to date the formation mechanism of tourism destination choosing intention. Especially for leisure tourism destination, because of the purpose of leisure, there must be some factors that play an important role in the formation mechanism. This paper, using the hierarchical regression analysis method to analyze the formation of leisure tourism destinations from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior, constructs an extended model of formation mechanism, including leisure value, work pressure and attitude. Using random sampling survey method, the data have been collected in different types of leisure tourism destinations, and have been used to explore the differences in tourists’ revisit intention of leisure tourism destinations under different levels of work pressure. The results show that the perceived value and attitude of leisure tourists have a significant impact on their revisit intention. During the process of activating the impact, the work pressure has apparently negative moderating effects. Among them, the moderating effect on the perceived value is obviously stronger than on the attitude. This study shows that work pressure has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between attitude and revisit intention to leisure tourism destinations, and this moderating effect is also negative. What is more, we show that the moderating effect of work pressure is different on the process how perceived value and attitude of tourists affect their revisit intention to leisure tourism destinations. The moderating effect of work pressure on perceived value is significantly stronger than that on attitude.
- ItemStandardization in Services: Assessing the Impact on Customer Satisfaction(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Koval, Oksana; Nabareseh, Stephen; Chromjaková, Felicita; Ekonomická fakultaTo achieve high competitiveness, the companies need to satisfy varying customer needs. The changing nature of customer preferences leads to the increased complexity of the processes in service companies. In order to deliver the services of the high quality at the accepted costs, the companies resort to the process standardization. However, excessive process standardization may lead to company’s inability to cater to the different customer needs, and hinder firm competitiveness over time. The goal of the present study, thus, is to evaluate the impact of standardization on customer satisfaction, and identify factors that can further foster this relationship. We identify the factors that impact the standardization-customer satisfaction relationship through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and then perform a structural equation model linking standardization to customer satisfaction in the system of multiple mediating factors. The analysis of 304 firms reveals the positive impact of standardization on customer satisfaction. We further evaluate the effect of employee rewards and recognition system, quality-oriented culture, management commitment, training and development as well as goal setting and project management on standardization-customer satisfaction relationship. The analysis reveals the triad of the factors that are cardinal to improvement of customer satisfaction through standardization: training on improvement methods, rewards and recognition of employees to stimulate their participation in improvement initiatives, as well as management commitment. Further analysis reveals certain regional differences in the prevailing factors contributing to standardization across studied countries. The study contributes to the scarce field of knowledge of standardization application in services domain as well as provide directions for the further scholarly work in the field of process improvement and standardization as well as guidelines for the practitioners conducting process improvement in their organizations.
- ItemThe Technological Advancement of New Products, Product Newness and Market Information(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Dabrowski, Dariusz; Ekonomická fakultaThe purpose of this study is to propose product newness and obtaining market information as mediators of the relationship between the technological advancement of a new product and its commercial success. So far, little is known about the mediators of this relationship but knowledge about the factors that strengthen or weaken it is valid, both for the theory and practice of new product management. On the one hand, product newness – those elements that constitute its novelty to the company and to the market – is hypothesized as a factor that weakens the relationship while, on the other hand, obtaining market information – information gathered from customers, competitors and other sources – is expected to strengthen it. This research is based on data regarding 287 new products developed by Polish high-tech and medium high-tech companies. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were applied to test the parallel multiple mediator model. The results of this research show that the positive effect of the technological advancement of a new product on its commercial performance is mediated, on the one hand, negatively by product newness to the company and, on the other hand, positively by gathering market information from customers. Neither product newness to the market nor obtaining market information from competitors or from other entities cause any indirect effects. While developing technologically advanced products, it is recommend to train new product development staff in ways of dealing with new tasks and situations that arise during such developments, and also to focus more on gathering market information from customers than from competitors or other entities because this will positively influence the new products’ success.
- ItemAnalysis of Factors Affecting the Benefits of Demand Information Sharing(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Jin, Hyun-Woong; Ekonomická fakultaSharing customer demand information across the supply chain is known to be an effective approach to improve the performance of the whole supply chain. However, demand information sharing between companies requires a large amount of budget and leads to a change in the work process within the organization. Therefore, it is necessary to verify whether the sharing of customer demand information is beneficial to the company or not by considering their business environment. This paper aims to analyze the benefits of demand information sharing between companies in various business environments in order to provide managerial implications for the companies considering the adoption of a collaborative inventory management policy with external companies. This research uses a simulation approach based on system dynamics to model the considered supply chain and to explore its performance. For the simulation test, two types of simulation models were developed which represent a supply chain without information sharing and a supply chain with information sharing. Test results were analyzed in terms of the bullwhip effect, the inventory level and the stockout rate of the retailer. The results of this research may help practitioners to understand the dynamics of supply chain when the customer demand is shared. These understandings could help them to make a decision on adopting a collaborative inventory management policy based on the demand information sharing. The originality of this paper is that it deals with various business environments which are rarely considered in the previous researches. These include the length of ordering cycle, the maximum size of ordering quantity, backlog versus lost sales and the type of information shared.
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