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- ItemAttributes contributing to perceived customer value in the Czech clothing on-line shopping(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2016-09-23) Simová, Jozefína; Cinkánová, Ľubica; Ekonomická fakultaThis paper, based on the literature study, presents findings of the research focused on the concept of customer value in on-line shopping for clothes. It examines and identifies attributes of perceived customer value in terms of benefits and sacrifices by applying a multi-attribute model. Customer value concept used in the research was defined and measured in terms of functional and affective dimensions. The perception of selected customer value attributes was measured as customer satisfaction, i.e. as a result of a congruence between the perceived and evaluated reality (benefits and sacrifices offered by on-line shopping), and customer expectations. The attributes evaluated the best were those that contributed to customer satisfaction the most and thus represented important attributes of customer value dimensions. In total, 25 attributes considered to be important for on-line shopping were selected for the questionnaire and explored further in the primary research. A principal components analysis and orthogonal Varimax rotation were used in the analysis to obtain factors that respondents considered to be attributes of the perceived customer value for shopping clothes on-line. The factor analysis identified six dimensions of perceived customer value toward shopping clothes on-line: three factors (web site appearance, shipping and product presentation) are functional and can be attributed to the benefits that customers expect to get when shopping clothes on-line, the other three extracted factors (annoyance, assurance and trust) are affective and risk related ones, and can be labelled as attributes of sacrifice. The number of identified customer value attributes perceived differently by on-line shoppers according to their gender, age, education and shopping behaviour was very low. This means that clothing online market is rather homogenous. The future research will show whether the identified differences will form the base for customer segmentation of the Czech clothing on-line market.
- ItemInstitutional analysis of the contemporary regional labour market in the Czech Republic(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2016-09-23) Novák, Václav; Vokoun, Marek; Stellner, František; Vochozka, Marek; Ekonomická fakultaPublic institutions are key players in the regional labour markets in the Czech Republic. Their activities are constrained by economic policies, which are aimed at increasing employment and the efficiency of the labour markets. Our analysis uses a questionnaire to collect data from the institutions and evaluate their perception of the regional labour market. The results suggest that active employment policy instruments and passive policy instruments are perceived as inefficient and inappropriate. The unemployed usually have no previous job experience, completed only primary education and are not willing to travel to work. The pressing problem is the quality of education and the generous social benefits that makes employment policy inefficient for the least skilled unemployed. Despite substantial regional socio-economic differences in both analysed regions (the Ústecký Region and the Jihočeský Region), there are no significant differences in the poor evaluation of all the traditional active employment policy instruments. In the more problematic Ústecký Region the emphasis is put on basic issues such as the lack of education and experience of the unemployed. The local labour market issues are dictated by long-term factors such as the lack of job vacancies. In the Jihočeský Region the situation is better. The issue is more one of mobility. The market issues here are more related to the appropriateness of secondary and tertiary education and labour costs. To increase the efficiency of employment policies we recommend improvements to the institutional infrastructure in higher education, which should be oriented towards investment in the quality of human capital.
- ItemLong-term infrastructure investment: a new approach to the economics of location(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2016-09-23) Dlask, Petr; Beran, Václav; Ekonomická fakultaContemporary modern development of a region (RD) is associated with some conception of economic volatility and technological knowledge. The RD is triggered by the existence of an infrastructure as a threshold. Only then can we expect the long-term economic and regional effects. From the long-term view, the development of most regions is also associated with a surprising diversity. The reasons for growth or stagnation are very often indistinct, and in some cases they are even unidentifiable.Existing development is a materialized foot print of earlier economic activities and there is more about that, for example, in Quality of life in cities, (European Commission, 2013). We should understand the economics of RD as an account; an account of either poor or successful regional management. In other words, regional economics and management (E&M) is at its causal roots a proof of the right or wrong decision rules and their implementation. This article argues that the state of municipalities and of regions is only partly a hostage of the regional investment economy and that a non-negligible way to success is paved by decision making processes especially through the use of certain decision criteria.The paper aims to demonstrate that:a) an elementary decision rule determines the decision space determining both time and conceivable actions, (timing of innovations, use and functions of areas, implementation of particular investments, localization of research directions, market expansion, etc.);b) dispersion effects are around and outside the primary investment that generates the growth;c) the burnout effect of the initial investment exists and begins to act after a certain time period; d) fixing the time of the initial investment burnout is identifiable and can be calculated.Point c) and d) represent triggers for any need of new investments, usually called innovation, modernization, reconstruction etc.
- ItemThe cooperation between enterprises: significant part of the innovation process – a case study of the Czech machinery industry(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2016-09-23) Stejskal, Jan; Mikušová Meričková, Beáta; Prokop, Viktor; Ekonomická fakultaIn recent years, we have been able to see the growing importance of knowledge in the context of the emerging knowledge-based global economy. It is commonly accepted that (i) innovations are brought forward through an interactive process of knowledge generation, diffusion, and application; (ii) innovations are increasingly seen as fundamental to the competitiveness of enterprises and economies; and (iii) knowledge is critical to the process of innovation. The relative importance of cooperation on innovative activity varies and depends upon a number of factors, i.e., the number of cooperative ties and the context in which network relations exist. The determinants of R&D cooperation differ depending on the types of cooperation: (i) the positive impact of enterprise size, R&D intensity, and incoming source-specific spillovers is weaker for competitor cooperation, reflecting greater concerns about appropriability and (ii) institutional spillovers are more generic in nature and positively impact all types of cooperation. The question is the effectiveness of different types and subjects of cooperation. This article aims to analyze the impact of (i) the cooperation and participation in the group of enterprises; (ii) cooperation with universities; (iii) the provision of state aid; on overall enterprises' performance. Analysis was performed on data from Community Innovation Survey (CIS) carried out in the Czech Republic between the period 2010-2012 by using own multiple linear regression models. The results confirm the importance of cooperation between enterprises and the positive impact of participation of enterprises in the enterprise groups. Cooperation with universities and research organizations also has a positive impact on the performance of enterprises in the machinery industry in the Czech Republic. We also show that there were inefficient provisions of public aid in machinery industry in the Czech Republic.
- ItemOn the gravity equation of trade: a case of Germany(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2016-09-23) Mazurek, Jiří; Ekonomická fakultaGravity models (equations) of trade belong among the most successful empirical tools in the modern economics since their first economic applications in the yearly 1960s. They assume that bilateral trade is directly proportional to “economic sizes” (usually described in terms of GDP or income) of both trading partners and inversely proportional to their distance. The aim of this study was to examine Germany’s latest (2012) yearly aggregate exports to its major international partners by a gravity equation without and with selected trade frictions including a geographical adjacency (the so called border effect), an influence of the same or different currency (Euro), and a location in the Schengen Area, the zone of a free movement of persons. Gravity models both without and with selected trade frictions fitted the data well, while the model with frictions performed significantly better. The adjacency was found the most important single trade friction, the location in the Schengen Area appeared to be the least important friction (but it was still statistically significant). Other feasible trade frictions, such as border length, a location in Europe or democracy index were examined too, but their effect on the trade was rather negligible. A possible explanation of the border effect, based on information deficiency, is included in the study as well. Furthermore, it was observed that yearly Germany’s exports data are susceptible to large year-to-year fluctuations especially for countries with low imports. Therefore, using averaged data over five or ten years long periods might be more appropriate.
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