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    Empirical research of users’ opinions on selected aspects in internet financial reporting
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-06-15) Ali, Mohd Noor Azli; Khan, Ismail Noor Azizi; Mardani, Abbas; Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras; Kaklauskas, Arturas; Ekonomická fakulta
    This study investigates the perceptions of users of corporate annual reports in relation to selected aspects of internet financial reporting. This study also analyzes Web analytics (Web usage and Web content analytics) to discover financial and non-financial usage and content patterns from company websites and other sources of World data. The case studies submitted in this article partly demonstrates the developed Web analytics systems. To serve this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to five user groups (academics, students, managers, bank officers and auditors). From the survey, the analysis indicates that attracting’s foreign investors, promoting the company to a wider public, attract local investors and promote wider coverage are the four most important benefits of IFR to the company. The findings revealed that three main benefits to the users who collect financial information of companies via their website are: increases timeliness and efficiency in obtaining financial information, makes investment decision process easier and faster, and provides information about a company inexpensively. Preliminary findings suggested three factors that are perceived as important by responding firms to engage in IFR: enhance corporate image, company teller with the technology development, and competitors in the industry. The findings also revealed three factors that inhibit firms from engaging in IFR: required expertise from the company, need to keep information up to date to be of use and concern over security of information. The findings also suggested increased information and analysis, and global reach and mass communication as the most important advantages from financial reporting on the internet. On the other hand, security problems, and cost and expertise are the biggest disadvantages of placing financial information on the internet. Finally, plausible implications of the findings of the study are then presented and areas for future research are also proposed. Taken together, these research outcomes make an incremental contribution to the existing financial reporting literature by providing useful insights into our knowledge of IFR especially for emerging capital markets like Malaysia.
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    Economic context of european subsidies and their impact on regional economic disparities on the example of the Czech republic
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-06-15) Brzáková, Kristýna; Kraft, Jiří; Ekonomická fakulta
    This paper presents the theoretical perspectives of economic trends in view on subsidies to investment and ask whether the allocated subsidy of ESI, specifically in the Czech Republic, are substantiated in these economic theories. This article aims to show the relationship between the amounts drawn from the selected operational program of ESI funds and per capita income level in various regions NUTS 3 during 2007-2015 in the Czech Republic. For the purpose of achieving the set goals time series analysis of variables and correlation analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient have been used. Time series data has been controlled by Durbin-Watson test of autocorrelation. Results of theoretical research brought a positive response that subsidies should positively affect the economic level of the population and should help lagging EU Member States and regions within those Member States in their economic growth. The results of empirical research showed that the correlation relationship of the amount of EU subsidies paid to the regions in the Czech Republic and the level of income cannot be clearly demonstrated. Significant correlation has been found in few of regions. However, in most cases dependence has not been demonstrated, thus, correlation between income level and amount of ESI funds from EU is not submitted. It can be concluded that in the short term, the level of per capita income in the region is getting closer to the most developed region of the City of Prague and therefore lagging regions of the country get economically closer. However, this fact cannot be clearly attributed to the amounts allocated through ESI subsidies in various regions of the Czech Republic.
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    Effective evaluation of cloud computing investment – application of cost benefit method analysis
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-06-15) Marešová, Petra; Soběslav, Vladimír; Ekonomická fakulta
    Use of information and communication technologies both into enterprises and state administration is a great step towards increasing productivity and therefore, economic competitiveness. One of currently ever-spreading technologies is cloud computing. Transfer from the current infrastructure to cloud computing one is risky and expensive matter. The main question when considering cloud computing employment is the investment's effectiveness and return on investment. The aim of this contribution is to present a model and web application for cloud computing investments evaluation, which will allow customers to answer the main question whether migration from current IT infrastructure to cloud method is suitable or not. The model specifies return on investment based on chosen economic indicators as well as suitability of the solution in regard to characteristics and chosen aspects of company management. Among the main methods used during the model development are multi-criteria variant analysis, quantitative analysis by professional discussions while assembling the model, verification of the initial model with companies, its modification, and application development. The model is based on Cost Benefit Analysis method, and therefore it allows for considering qualitative variables, by which it significantly differs from the existing web calculators for cloud method cost calculations. Furthermore, the developed application is vendor independent and it is based on the following principles: requirement of inputs that take into account the specifics of companies, scalability and complexity in the form of static and dynamic economic indicators and includes sensitivity analysis and thus enables recalculate the result and based on a certain % change of input parameters.
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    The visit fees and its influence on overalL health expenditureS – the case of the Czech Republic
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-06-15) Clark, J. Stephen; Dittrich, Ludwig O.; Stará, Dana; Barták, Miroslav; Ekonomická fakulta
    The goal of the paper is to develop a simple demand model of health care services that can explain why the demand for health care services, and hence overall expenditures on health care, can rise with the introduction of visit fees based on real data available publicly in the Czech Republic. One of the most common problems with the costs of health care systems around the world is that they tend to increase expenditures at a rate that is greater than the rate of inflation. This has led to the introduction of visit fees by governments and/or public, private health care facilities and other health care providers. These fees are meant to rationalize the use of the health care system and slow the growth of health care expenditures. The Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic introduced from 1. January 2008 visit fees as a way to slow the growth of health care expenditures. On the contrary, total health care expenditures increased after the introduction of visit fees. A model of visits and visit intensity is developed, where visits and visit intensity are substitutes. The model shows that the demand for health care services will increase with an increase in the price of visits when the cross price elasticity of demand for visit intensity outweighs the own price elasticity of visits. The fees were abolished with the exception of fee for emergency room visit from 2015. The introduction of a visit fee is a counterproductive rationing device for health care services if it rations a component of overall health care services with a low own price elasticity of demand without rationing a substitute variable (visit intensity) with a higher cross elasticity of demand. Thus, the introduction of a visit fee may induce a sense of entitlement for further health care services per visit on the part of consumers, leading to an increase in overall health care expenditures.
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    An integrated model of customer loyalty in the Macedonian mobile service market
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-06-15) Palamidovska-Sterjadovska, Nikolina; Ciunova-Shuleska, Anita; Ekonomická fakulta
    The main objective of this paper is to develop and test an integrated model of customer loyalty in the Macedonian mobile service market, analysing its determinants and their interrelationships and effects on customer loyalty. The proposed research model integrates service quality, customer satisfaction, switching costs and switching barriers as the main determinants of customer loyalty, further analysing their different effects (direct/mediating/moderating) on customer loyalty. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is used in order to assess the validity of the measurement model, and the developed structural model is tested with structural equation modelling (SEM). The reported results indicate that the proposed research model as a whole has a satisfactory level of adequacy and most of the hypothesized realtionships are confirmed. The results suggest that customer satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty and also service quality has a direct and positive effect on customer loyalty. The satisfaction-loyalty relationship is not mediated nor moderated by switching barriers, but switching barriers have a direct and positive effect on customer loyalty. The presented results would be of great importance for managers for the successful development of strategies for creating mobile service users’ loyalty. The empirical evidence obtained in this study suggest that Macedonian mobile operators should have in mind alternative strategies in creating customer loyalty, emphasising the fact that customer satisfaction has a stronger positive influence in creating customer loyalty than switching barriers. The present research provides an integrated approach in examining customer loyalty and explores the different roles of switching barriers in the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. In order to further develop the integrated approach of customer loyalty modelling, some additional concepts should be incorporated and examined in the future.