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- ItemThe effect of corporate tax rates on foreign direct investment in the context of tax competition(2025-12-16) Andrejkovicova, Ivana; Andrejovska, AlenaIn today’s globalized world, tax systems play a crucial role in influencing where investors allocate capital. Some countries recognize the importance of tax policies for national competitiveness, while others lag behind. This study examines the effect of tax competition and selected macroeconomic indicators on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in the European Union (EU). Using the generalized method of moments (GMM), the analysis includes data from 24 EU member states between 2002 and 2022. The primary aim is to verify the relationship between corporate tax rates and FDI in the context of tax competition. First, an analysis was performed for all countries, followed by a regional analysis dividing them into Eastern and Western European blocs. The results suggest that the statutory corporate income tax rate (CIT) does not have an immediate effect on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; however, a negative effect emerges with a longer time lag in the overall sample. Eastern Europe shows sensitivity of FDI to higher CIT rates with a delay, while in the more developed Western European countries, such a relationship was not confirmed. These findings highlight the importance of considering regional specificities when designing tax policies aimed at attracting foreign investment.
- ItemChanging times, changing drives: Entrepreneurial motivation across generations(2025-12-16) Salat, Dominik; Duhacek Sebestova, JarmilaEntrepreneurs from generation to generation play a significant role in the business environment. Understanding this issue, especially by policymakers, is crucial for development. Misunderstanding or lack of interest often leads to inaction or incorrect decisions, creating barriers for current and potential entrepreneurs. Each generation evolves in its own era, and over time, each will fade and be replaced by a new, undefined generation. Policymakers would be interested in understanding these changes and providing targeted support for the needs of different generations, together with removing barriers that arise over time. This paper explores the differences in entrepreneurial motivation. As times change, entrepreneurs must adapt, leading to shifts in behaviour and personality. The study examines motivations for starting businesses across generations, considering variables such as business field, experience, age, sales, and type. Primary research in 446 business entities using the CAWI (computer assisted web interviewing) method tested generational differences in business motivation and participation. The statistical method, Cramer’s V, identified interrelationships between variables. Four hypotheses were tested, revealing an influence between necessity motivation and financial results, and a significant tie between generation type and company establishment. These findings could increase interest in this topic, which is expected to revive interest among researchers and policymakers. Simultaneously, the output increases awareness of this issue and brings knowledge to improve the quality of business conditions for all generations.
- ItemUnderstanding university students’ adoption of ChatGPT: A TAM-based exploration of key factors(2025-10-03) Agnihotri, Parul; Chen, SongThe rapid rise of AI chatbots like ChatGPT has spurred growing interest in understanding the factors that influence their adoption, especially in educational settings. This study focuses on identifying the key elements that shape university students’ intentions to use ChatGPT, using the technology acceptance model (TAM) as the theoretical foundation. The research integrates core constructs such as perceived ease of use (PEU), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived risk, trust, and technostress to examine their influence on the intention to use (IU) ChatGPT. Survey data from Indian university students were analyzed using the Smart PLS structural equation modeling technique. The findings reveal significant relationships between PEU, PU, and IU. Specifically, PEU emerged as a strong determinant of both PU and IU, underlining the importance of a user-friendly, intuitive interface in promoting ChatGPT adoption. Additionally, perceived risk was found to negatively impact IU, suggesting that addressing concerns related to privacy and misinformation is crucial for fostering trust and encouraging use. Although technostress had a smaller effect, it still played a notable role, indicating that the stress associated with using new technologies needs to be managed effectively through support mechanisms. Interestingly, trust did not significantly affect IU, challenging assumptions about its role in AI-driven technology adoption. This raises important questions about the specific factors that contribute to trust in such tools. The study’s findings reaffirm the relevance of TAM constructs in understanding ChatGPT adoption while also highlighting the importance of emotional and cognitive factors, such as perceived risk and stress. These findings contribute to the growing academic discussion surrounding AI chatbot adoption and offer actionable insights for AI developers, educators, and policymakers. This research highlights the importance of addressing both technical and emotional factors to ensure broader acceptance and effective use of AI technologies like ChatGPT in learning environments.
- ItemExploring philanthropic behavior and tax incentives: Motivations and trends in individual giving in the Czech Republic(2025-10-03) Jarolimova, BlankaPhilanthropy is defined as accommodating behaviour towards other members of society, usually through charitable donations. Charity forms a significant part of the income for the non-profit sector in many countries and is often directly supported through government tax policies. This article focuses on new empirical findings and applicable conclusions. It discusses the development of individual giving, motives, causes, and effects of philanthropic behaviour of individual donors in the Czech Republic. The tax incentive in the form of a tax deduction for donations means that the taxpayer bears part of the value of the donation, and part is transferred to the state by the taxpayer using the tax savings equal to the tax rate. Emphasis is placed on how current government policy, through charitable tax deductions from income tax, directly affects the volume of philanthropy in the economy. Philanthropy in the Czech Republic has unique characteristics influenced by its historical, cultural and economic context. This paper examines the motivations behind individual giving in the Czech Republic and evaluates the role of tax incentives compared to other motivators such as personal satisfaction and altruism. Utilizing a survey of 1,050 respondents, combined with regression and correlation analyses, the study reveals that tax incentives are a minor motivator for most donors, with only 2% identifying them as their primary reason for giving. Instead, personal satisfaction and altruism dominate as the most significant motivations. Additionally, while higher-income donors are more likely to utilize tax benefits, many remain unaware of these opportunities. The findings suggest the need for increased awareness campaigns and better integration of tax benefits into fundraising strategies. The study contributes to philanthropy by providing empirical insights specific to the Czech Republic and comparing these findings with existing literature.
- ItemThe effect of digital intensity on the financial performance of enterprises in Central and Eastern European countries(2025-10-03) Tran, Trang Lam Quynh; Kovacs, Sandor; Herdon, MiklosThis study investigates the significance of information and communication technology (ICT) adoption, referred to as digital intensity (DI), and its impact on the financial performance of businesses in the manufacturing, utilities, and transportation sectors within Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The primary research question focuses on how DI and its components influence key financial indicators across these industries. This study uses data from the EUROSTAT, ENT2 (Comprehensive Enterprise Database), and EMIS (Emerging Markets Information Service) databases to examine financial and digital indicators for 2017–2022. The timeframe was selected to account for methodological changes in EUROSTAT and EMIS reporting. To explore these relationships, the study employs multiple factor analysis (MFA), which integrates interrelated variables from distinct blocks, including DI, profitability, indebtedness, and liquidity. Initially, separate principal component analyses (PCAs) were conducted on each variable block, followed by normalization. A global PCA was then performed on the balanced blocks to map variable relationships in a reduced-dimensional space. The MFA approach also facilitates the visualization of clusters and observations, offering insights into the diverse impacts of DI. The findings reveal that DI significantly affects financial metrics, such as profitability, indebtedness, and liquidity, with integration support systems playing a pivotal role in enhancing profitability and liquidity while mitigating debt. Furthermore, improvements in internet speed and accessibility are associated with enhanced financial performance. This empirical evidence underscores the potential of strategic investments in digital infrastructure and technology to enhance financial resilience and maintain competitive advantage in a digitalized economy. The study highlights a critical gap in the literature concerning the sector-specific effects of DI on financial performance in CEE industries and emphasizes the need for tailored digital strategies that account for the unique distribution channels and customer characteristics of each sector.