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- ItemHypotéza permanentního příjmu v zemích visegrádské skupiny(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-12-02) Pánková, Václava; Ekonomická fakultaConsumption following a permanent income hypothesis (PIH) is a theoretical concept the validity of which in a given economy during a given period can be confirmed or non-confirmed by the help of an econometric approach. Mathematical formulation of PIH following adaptive expectation technique given by Friedman and the ways of testing the validity of permanency are recapitulated. Two alternative approaches are established: (a) Model published by Campbell and Mankiw [4] looking for an appropriate econometric technique starting by permanent income hypothesis; based on the results of Hall and Flavin, the model allows to reflect an existence of both PIH and non – PIH consumers and to quantify their proportion. (b) Model of error correction mechanism as a theoretical concept bringing a solution of problems arising by dealing with non – stationary time - series (e.g. [15]) which happened to suite PIH as an application. Possible influence of financial and economic crises is proposed to be measured by introducing relevant dummies in the models. Using the actual data of the Visegrád group (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) and comprising Austrian economy to provide a comparison, both models are estimated. Small discrepancies according to model in question are evident by following individual economies. Treating Visegrád as a panel, both models provide an identical result. PIH cannot be applied to whole economies, nevertheless, as it is shown about 50% of households in the four Visegrád economies consume according to PIH. Critical years 2008–2012 (end of the data sample) do not change this result significantly.
- ItemIntegrative model for evaluation of development potentials of regions and its application on an example of the Czech Republic(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-12-02) Viturka, Milan; Ekonomická fakultaThe aim of this paper is to introduce a new model for the evaluation of development potentials of regions, including methodology, application and conceptualization of the obtained information. The main components of this model are the business environment quality, innovation potential of companies and use of human resources, interpreted using relevant factors or indicators. The model has been applied to the evaluation of Czech regions – 205 administrative districts (microregional level) and 14 NUTS 3 regions (mesoregional level). Information capacity of the model has been proved by the confirmation of the hypotheses assuming strong relationships among business environment quality and regional GDP and population size of regions. A synthesis allowed us to define the main regularities, evaluate the competitive positions of regions and create the spatial model of the economic development of the Czech Republic. Special attention has been given to the unique method for the identification of territorial systems of poles and axes of development and further to the hierarchy of integration processes (using the profile interaction method). Subsequently, we conceptualized the results from the perspective of regional policy creation using the method of development scenarios. This allows for a flexible optimization of the main priorities and tools of a regional policy (regions are defined and territorially specified by means of flexible sets of relevant measures). From a theoretical perspective, we extend the knowledge about the processes of polarization and integration as key anifestations of the principles of developmental and hierarchical differentiation of society in the conditions of increasing globalisation.
- ItemSelected issues of the minimum wage in the Czech Republic(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-12-02) Pavelka, Tomáš; Skála, Marek; Čadil, Jan; Ekonomická fakultaThe minimum wage is one of the measures of economic policy, which raises contradictory reactions. The Czech Republic is one of twenty EU Member States that have implemented a statutory minimum wage. Since its introduction in 1991, the gross minimum wage was increased sixteen times by the government. In addition to increases in the gross minimum wage, the purchasing power of the minimum wage is affected by the development of price levels and also by changes in tax and social security and health insurance. In the Czech Republic three periods in the development of the minimum wage can be distinguished. In the first years after its introduction, the gross minimum wage did not increase significantly and its real value declined. The period 1999–2006 is a period of rapid growth in both the nominal and the real minimum wage. In the period 2007–2012, the nominal wage was constant and its real value gradually decreased. These three phases correspond to the political orientation of Czech governments. Leftist governments raised minimum wages faster than right-wing governments. The article also provides an analysis of the motivational function of the minimum wage. It compares the net minimum wage with the living minimum. It appears that the motivational function of the minimum wage has been reducing in recent years. This is true especially for persons with dependent children. The last part of the article includes an analysis of the relationship between the increase in the minimum wage and the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic. In addition to total unemployment, the impact of the minimum wage on unemployment of young people and people with low levels of education is analyzed. It shows that there is no clear relationship between the minimum wage and the unemployment rates in the Czech Republic.
- ItemMedia portrayals of regions in the Czech Republic: selected issues(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-12-02) Sucháček, Jan; Seďa, Petr; Friedrich, Václav; Koutský, Jaroslav; Ekonomická fakultaAmount of information provided by media is growing virtually every day. Surprisingly, attention devoted to the spatial implications of media information is far from sufficient. Existing researches bring ample evidence that TV coverage embodies media agenda in a satisfactory manner as it has rather profound impact on the public on the one hand and is representative enough on the other. Our paper deals with TV news reporting related to NUTS III regions in the Czech Republic. The main perspective adopted in this article is a qualitative one, which facilitates the evaluation of TV news contents. We are deliberately focusing on national TV broadcasting, which is the most influential one. Individual contributions we evaluate appeared in the framework of news reporting in public Czech TV and private Nova and Prima. In spite of severe limitations in media data, our paper covers the period between the years 2004 and 2011, which helps to underpin our conclusions in a sufficient way. Contributions, which are related to individual NUTS III regions and resonate at the national level, constitute the focal point of our research. TV reflection of material reality is of intangible character; nonetheless similarly to material categories, one can identify spatial as well as thematic differentiation and even patterns also in the sphere of TV news reporting. There are only little doubts that media landscape and closely associated mental maps have been largely underestimated so far. Thus, these topics represent one of pivotal theoretical and practical challenges in the field of spatial sciences, which holds true for post-transition country even more.
- ItemImpact of group interactions on farmers’ entrepreneurial behaviour(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-12-02) Abeyrathne, H.R.M.P.; Jayawardena, L.N.A.C.; Ekonomická fakultaGroup interactions form an important component among the many factors influencing the entrepreneurial behaviour of farmers. Understanding group interactions provides insights to foster entrepreneurial activities. Matale district, which is among the top 4 districts producing high amount of vegetables in the Sri Lanka was selected for the study. Two successful farmer organizations, one of them farming in both seasons (throughout the year), and the other farming only a single season per year, were selected for the study. Overall objective of the study was to examine the impact of group interactions on entrepreneurial behaviour of vegetable farmers. Stratified random sampling was used to select an overall sample of 60 vegetable farmers, having two samples consisting of 30 each from the two farmer organizations. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using the SPSS software package. Results indicated a significant relationship between the group interactions and entrepreneurial behaviour of farmers. Study revealed effective entrepreneurial behaviour involving high planning ability, and decision making ability. Majority of the farmers were at a moderate level of innovativeness, risk orientation, coordinating ability, opportunity seeking behaviour, self-confidence, achievement motivation, and cosmopolitanism. Group interactions were moderate at seasonal planning, and in selecting of crops. Group interactions were low in land preparation, pest and disease controlling, harvesting, irrigation water distribution, participating in training programmes, and selling. Entrepreneurial behaviour of farmers has enhanced with group interactions. The two farmer groups had significant differences in group interactions and entrepreneurial behaviour due to group characteristics. It is recommended to improve group interactions through awareness programmes, and small group formation activities.
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