Rok 2019 (ročník 22)

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Food prices, taxes, and obesity in Canada and its implications for food taxation
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Clark, Stephen J.; Dittrich, Ludwig O.; Law, Stephen M.; Stará, Dana; Barták, Miroslav; Ekonomická fakulta
An important health financing issue facing Canada and other OECD countries are the health consequences of obesity. Food group prices can be used to estimate the model if one is interested in a reduced form model of the determinants of obesity and nutrient prices should be used if one is interested in estimating a structural model of obesity that is more amenable to interpretation for policy purposes. The goal of the study is to introduce new nutrient price model and shows its superiority of food group model based on Canadian data Using available data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, food group prices, and constructed nutrient indexes, we confirm the superior performance of variations in nutrient prices compared to variations in food group prices to explain variations in the body mass index (BMI) of Canadians. Results for nutrients indicate that taxing fat and carbohydrates and subsidizing protein would reduce BMI. The implicit tax on fat from dairy supply management is one of the only nutrient-targeted taxes in Canada. In the alternate model, few food group price coefficients are statistically significant. We find that a tax on away-from-home food would reduce the BMI of Canadians. Currently, expenditure on restaurant meals is taxed at the federal level and at the provincial level in all provinces except Alberta and Saskatchewan. The proposed model may be also used for future discussion of the food taxation in other countries where food taxation is not used and the special taxation of restaurant food is not introduced.
Decision tree modelling of e-consumers’ preferences for internet marketing communication tools during browsing
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Sabaitytė, Jolanta; Davidavičienė, Vida; Straková, Jarmila; Raudeliūnienė, Jurgita; Ekonomická fakulta
The successful development of internet marketing is based on scientifically proven decisions designed for the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of internet marketing communication tool selection. Different layers of internet marketing phenomena, such as communication tool profiles and characteristics of customers and strategies for different stages of purchase models, are widely analysed. However, it has been noted that modern management theories lack scientific research on the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of internet marketing communication tools, including the relevant characteristics of electronic consumers profiles based on their generational aspects and their life cycle stages. It is therefore necessary to analyse the stages of an electronic consumer’s journey and define the most relevant communication tools and application uses during every stage by aiming to improve customer satisfaction and marketing performance. The goal of this research is to determine the most significant internet marketing communication elements in the purchase phase of the electronic consumer journey cycle using the mathematical decision tree approach for different types of customers, using the generation theory as a segmentation tool. The literature analysis on electronic consumer’s behaviour, generation theory application possibilities in marketing and internet marketing communication tools was carried out. The research methodology includes eye-tracking and descriptive and comparative statistical analysis methods (decision tree models), which create the preconditions for the evaluation of electronic consumers’ explicit and tacit reactions to the use of internet marketing communication tools during the purchase phase of an electronic consumer´s journey. It was established that comparable statistically significant different preferences for internet marketing communication tools, at the purchase phase during a browsing task, exist for baby boomers, X, Y and Z generations.
The level of organizational culture as a constant challenge for company management – an empirical research in the Czech Republic and Poland
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Sokolova, Marcela; Zubr, Vaclav; Cierniak-Emerych, Anna; Dziuba, Szymon T.; Ekonomická fakulta
Organizational culture (OC) is a concept, which is defined from many different perspectives. For example, Schein defines culture as a pattern of shared fundamental assumptions learned by a group as it overcomes both external adaptation and internal integration obstacles, whereby group member use is efficient enough to be considered valuable and which is taught to new members as the right way of meandering through the equivalent future obstacles. According to Dubkēvič & Barbars OC comprises structured behaviour (especially leadership style), language, rituals, ceremonies, myths, heroes, etc. The aim of this study is to examine the level of organizational culture in the Czech Republic and Poland, i.e. to make a comparison. In the questionnaire survey’s framework, 1,574 questionnaires were received in the Czech Republic, 1,476 questionnaires were processed, 433 questionnaires were received in Poland and 360 questionnaires were included in the evaluation for the same reason as the Czech questionnaires. Since it has been a long-term study in the Czech Republic, more respondents were recruited, in Poland it was the first survey within the co-operation – pilot version. The obtained data was evaluated using Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS v. 24. Descriptive statistics tools, correlation and nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test were used to evaluate the data at significance level p = 0.05. The results show that innovative culture is a better model than bureaucratic or supportive culture. Managers should develop an innovative and supportive culture. There are statistically significant differences in innovative organizational culture index evaluation between the Czech Republic and Poland. Statistically significant difference was observed in the organizational culture index evaluation, mainly depending on the organization’s size and on the respondent’s job position in the Czech Republic. The statistically significant difference in the organizational culture index evaluation in Poland was demonstrated depending on the organization’s size.
Estimation of international tax planning impact on corporate tax gap in the Czech Republic
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Moravec, Lukáš; Rohan, Jan; Hinke, Jana; Ekonomická fakulta
There are many studies focusing on VAT (value added tax) tax gap but very few relevant studies that deal with the corporate income tax loss. The studies vary particularly in their methodology, databases and interpretation. In the case of the Czech Republic the studies resulted in a range between CZK 57 billion tax gap and CZK 12.5 billion corporate tax revenue gain caused by the tax planning. The main aim of the paper is to calculate the corporate income tax efficiency rate for the Czech Republic and compare it with other member states. The indicator of corporate income tax efficiencyis important for the calculation of the tax revenue without profit shifting (RWS) indicator and then thesubsequent corporate income tax gap estimation for 2013-2015, which is the second goal of the paper. The RWS indicator gives an overview of the Czech Republic´s amount of loses/gains relating to the corporate tax base erosion and corporate profit shifting. In the case when the actual corporate income tax revenue takes a higher value than the revenue without profit shifting indicator the jurisdiction benefits from the profit shifting operations. The opposite situation results in tax revenue losses caused by profit shifting to other “more attractive” tax jurisdictions. Authors’ study re-estimation results in approximately CZK 9.404 billion tax gap caused by base erosion and profit shifting instead of 12.5 billion CZK that shows EPRS’s study for period 2013. The third aim of the paper is to deal with the difference between input data from Eurostat database and official data from General Financial Directorate.
Modelling internationalization of high growth firms: micro level approach
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Korsakienė, Renata; Kozak, Vratislav; Bekešienė, Svajonė; Smaliukienė, Rasa; Ekonomická fakulta
The role of owners/professional managers has been recognized as a vital in the development processes of high growth firms (HGFs), contributing to countries’ productivity and competitiveness. The purpose of the paper is to identify and analyse some of the most significant factors, impacting internationalization of HGFs by investigating the attitudes of owners and professional managers. Theoretical discussion, related to international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial traits and entrepreneurial perceptions, has led to the development of the research instrument. The analysis is based on a quantitative approach: the survey focuses on Lithuanian HGFs. The sample comprises 353 firms, included in the annual Gazelle list. The study does not reveal the difference between the attitudes of owners and professional managers. The results corroborate previous investigations disclosing that the traits of entrepreneurs and managers, matching entrepreneurial tasks, are good predictor of HGFs internationalization. The importance of external incentives, perceived by the owners and managers, are decreasing while HGFs internationalization is increasing. The joint effect of entrepreneurial traits and perceptions of internal and external barriers are good predictors of HGFs internationalization. The findings of the study are useful for the policy makers in the financial support decision making process and in the development of additional training programs. The implications for the managers of HGFs lie in the possibility to assess their personality traits and conclude about their suitability to that task. The research fills the gap in the extant knowledge by investigating micro-level factors and provides valuable findings on HGFs in Eastern European country.
Collaboration for innovation in small CEE countries
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Prokop, Viktor; Stejskal, Jan; Hudec, Oto; Ekonomická fakulta
The innovative environment and its elements are crucial determinants of the innovation activity of enterprises in developed economies. Also public authorities also focus on innovation environment development, which are being implemented with financial support from public budgets. In developed countries, these incentives are geared to promoting cooperation, as it is a key element of any innovative environment. In Western economies, a certain Western innovation model is being implemented. However, its application in the CEE countries is significantly limited due to the specific characteristics of these economies. Therefore, the main focus of the paper is to examine the impact of cooperation with different types of innovation partners on product innovation performance of manufacturing companies in small CEE countries. In the first phase of the research, CIS data (from Eurostat) and its own regression models identify the types of co-operating partners (private and public) that have the most significant impact on product innovation (researched separately in selected CEE countries). In the second part, the model is constructed so as to identify the predictors, the variables having a significant impact on product innovations across countries (using a merged dataset from all analysed CEE countries). To expand knowledge about innovation and business performance, three variables were added to the model as control variables: market orientation, company ownership, and public funding. The combined dataset of the five CEE countries was again used to examine the impact of different types of co-operating partners on product innovation through a binary logistic regression model. Findings of logistic regression are encouraging; pointing out that the transition to a market economy with a delay has also encouraged the establishment of relationships between firms and private institutions in favour of boosting innovation performance. In doing so, CEE countries are gradually approaching the behaviour of firms in Western European countries.
An expanded conceptualization of “smart” cities: adding value with fuzzy cognitive maps
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Miguel, Bárbara P.; Ferreira, Fernando A. F.; Banaitis, Audrius; Banaitienė, Nerija; Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė, Ieva; Falcão, Pedro F.; Ekonomická fakulta
The world’s rapidly growing population is an issue to be taken seriously. Its consequences could be dramatic if the required steps are not taken. Concerns about this problem have led to the creation of “smart” cities, which promote improvements in citizens’ quality of life through a combination of new technologies and environmentally sustainable practices. For these cities to be truly “smart”, they need to be evaluated in order to understand the areas in which interventions are necessary to make these cities economically stable and environmentally sustainable. In this regard, various studies have sought to understand which indicators should be considered in assessments of smart cities and how this process should be conducted. Thus far, however, researchers have found that using “loose” indicators, which measure only some areas of these cities, is insufficient. That said, this study proposes the use of fuzzy cognitive maps to analyze the dynamics behind smart cities’ components. Grounded in intensive group meetings with a panel of experts in different dimensions of these cities, the method applied produced a well-informed, process-oriented framework that contains the characteristics and components that should be assessed in this type of city. Specifically, after a fuzzy cognitive map was constructed based on the direct involvement of the expert participants, six main clusters were extracted as key components in the development of smart cities. These clusters were: people; planning and environments; technology; infrastructure and materials; services; and transportation and mobility. The results also facilitate an improved understanding of smart cities’ cause-and-effect relationships and better strategic planning by urban planners and city administrators. The implications, advantages, and limitations of the proposed framework are also presented.
Change equation effectiveness: empirical evidence from South-East Europe
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Čudanov, Mladen; Tornjanski, Vesna; Jaško, Ondrej; Ekonomická fakulta
This study was developed with the aim to propose quantitative decision-making model in organizational change management, which is based on change equation application in real time, as an emerging ecosystem that should be further adopted in change management practice to create value in complex decision making and at the same time to increase change success. The paper opted for an integrated qualitative and quantitative research methods, based on empirical data collection. Sampling frame includes respondents from fourteen different industries in South-East Europe. Data analyses were carried out in three main phases using proven statistical methods. Based on the results, general hypothesis introduced in the study is supported. In other words, successful change occurs when the product of all three variables, i.e. D, V and F is higher than resistance to change, and vice versa. Also, research results show that change equation can successfully predict change outcome and explain a portion of change success variability. Finally, research findings indicate that the model should be revised and further developed. Research limitations are determined by significant variance in the model that may result of situational factors. Also, the research was based on a relatively limited sample and focused only on data collection from South-East Europe. Despite its limitations, this study can contribute both to theorists and practitioners. First, the paper contributes to the change management theory, business decision-making theory, organizational development theory and the behavioral theory. Second, the paper can contribute to strategic managers, change leaders, change agents and consultants who deal with change management by adopting the upgraded change model that can be applied in all phases of change process, including measurement of the change outcome.
Policies to promote Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and assessment of CSR impacts
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Lu, Jintao; Ren, Licheng; Lin, Wenfang; He, Yifan; Streimikis, Justas; Ekonomická fakulta
The Corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept is linked to the company’s responsibility for its impact on the society. The CSR is important for sustainability, competitiveness and innovation of the economy of each country and is tightly linked to the success in approaching Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by the world countries. SDGs provide many benefits and opportunities for companies and in terms of risk management, increase the access to capital, improvement of stakeholders’ relationships etc. The literature on CSR has shifted from analysing the questions on whether companies should engage in societal challenges to whether and how countries and people benefit from these interventions in addressing sustainable development challenges, such as poverty, education, health, energy and environment. The recent scientific discussion on the assessment of CSR impacts provides contradictory results and findings. Therefore, this paper aims to shed more light on this issue and provide clear policy recommendations based on the conducted analysis. The paper analyses and compares the main policies that are aiming at the promotion of CSR, including reporting initiatives and requirements. The measures to assess the impact of CSR are discussed as well based on various reporting incentives that are guiding companies on how to assess and actually measure the effects of their activities by setting quantitative indicators. The dynamics of socially responsible companies and sustainability reporting initiatives are provided by indicating the effectiveness of the implemented policies and other initiatives to promote the CSR; however; the main emphasis of the paper is the impact of CSR on the societal challenges such as Sustainable Development Goals and integration of SDGs in the CSR assessment.
Alternative measures of macroeconomic imbalances in the EU – design and verification
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Kološta, Stanislav; Kráľ, Pavol; Flaška, Filip; Ekonomická fakulta
As a consequence of financial and economic crisis in the EU the macroeconomic imbalances (MI) have been monitored since 2012. Annual Alarm Mechanism Report (AMR) focused on assessment of MI contains the interlinkages between the real economy and the financial sector. From AMR data, we can get picture about the evolution of different MI indicators in the EU, but complete picture about the overall situation of individual countries in the field of MI is missing. Therefore, we focused on design and verification of suitable alternative evaluation tool which AMR lacks, and which could be usable for decision making processes within European Commission. The main aim of the article is to propose aggregated and partial indices of MI using constrained PCA which can: i) provide a complex evaluation of each EU country on its global position in headline indicators; ii) make MI indicators more comprehensible for wider use; iii) design simple alternative assessment tool useful for monitoring whether measures taken by the EU and the member states are directed towards improving the macroeconomic balance. The proposed MI indices are verified from a quantitative as well as qualitative point of view. Results of proposed assessment tools showed that: Luxembourg, Germany, Netherland and Sweden can be considered for the most stable EU countries from MI point of view; Post-Communist countries dealt with economic crisis better than some countries from south of the EU; after first crisis years the best improvement in MI index reached Baltic and Visegrad countries together with Luxembourg and Netherland; other EU countries in 2012 did not reach MI index values from pre-crisis period. This study indicates that positive and stable values of current account balance and net international investment position as % of GDP have high weight on macroeconomic stability of EU countries.
Institutional ownership and simultaneity of strategic financial decisions: an empirical analysis in the case of Pakistan Stock Exchange
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Sadaf, Rabeea; Oláh, Judit; Popp, József; Máté, Domicián; Ekonomická fakulta
The traditional interpretation of corporate finance is characterized by ownership rights are widely distributed among individual stockholders, but can be managed by few managers and resulted in an agency problem. The primary objective of this research study is to investigate the relationship between institutional ownership and firms’ strategic decisions. These strategic decisions include i.e. leverage, dividend and investment decisions. The examined data is used from 170 non-financial Pakistani listed firms, characterized by a large percentage of institutional investors, with a multiple equity stake in different firms across a wide field of industries. This study is also able to show two important novelties. Firstly, the fact that previous researchers have already concentrated on the impact of institutional ownership on individual strategic decisions, as dividend or leverage policies and several unanswered questions remain. Consequently, the impact of institutional ownership has explored collectively on various strategic decisions. Secondly, this study also recognizes the determination of strategic decisions by considering the endogeneity problem with a Three-Stage Least Square (3SLS) method. Essentially, the effects of institutional ownership on firms’ leverage becomes more pronounced after including industry specific and time dummies in regression models. Based on the results, the case of increased institutional ownership of firms has a significant negative effect on leverage, and a positive effect on dividend decisions. Hence, institutional investors are seemed to prefer low leveraged and high dividend-paying firms. Moreover, this study has not able to find significant two-way relations between institutional ownership and investment decisions, so institutional investors rather focus on corporate governance and internal control of firms. Indeed, institutional investors should develop the efficiency of firms’ management to support more adequate corporate governance policies, and not only for emerging markets.
Optimization of media planning variables for television based on the advertiser’s industry
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Reinares-Lara, Pedro; Martín-Santana, Josefa D.; Reinares-Lara, Eva; Ekonomická fakulta
Despite evidence of the influence of the industry or product category to which a brand belongs on advertising effectiveness, very few studies have analyzed the advertiser’s industry as a variable influencing the advertising recall. This study aims to analyze the direct effect that the advertised brand’s industry has on unaided advertising recall, as well as the moderating role it plays in the relationship between this recall and the following media planning variables: (1) spot length, (2) the advertising pressure put behind the brand, (3) the position of the commercial break in relation to the program, (4) the advertising clutter of the break (5), indication of the break’s duration, (6) the spot’s relative position in the break, and (7) primacy and recency effects. This study uses an innovative methodology that make it possible to measure spot recall in an environment that had been absolutely adjusted to the real conditions of a television audience. To this end, two sources of information that are usually used independently were combined: (1) audience data provided by the firm Kantar Media; and (2) data from ad-hoc computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATIs) administered to a sample of 2,000 individuals. The results suggest that the advertiser’s industry should be treated as another media planning management variable that can be used to improve a television campaign’s advertising effectiveness. Specifically, advertisers can use it to optimize their management of conventional variables (spot length, spot position, the brand’s advertising pressure, etc.) to achieve maximum recall. Some industries may benefit more than others from qualitative management of the media planning variables. The main contribution of this study is to provide a better understanding of the state of the issue and to establish useful implications in the optimization of media planning for broadcasters, media planners, and advertisers.
The impact of TQM practices on key performance indicators: empirical evidence from automotive dealerships
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Sabbagh, Omar; Ab Rahman, Mohd Nizam; Ismail, Wan Rosmanira; Wan Hussain, Wan Mohd Hirwani; Ekonomická fakulta
The automotive business is gradually transforming into a service-based business, while the aftersales (AS) service is becoming a strategic business driver to increase the capital revenue. The relationship between quality and performance management is still adversarial, wherein the non-financial aspect of performance measurements is significantly ignored. This research is conducted in the context of Malaysian automotive dealerships service centres in which the primary objectives are to identify the total quality management (TQM) practices and the financial and non-financial key performance indicators (KPIs) adopted in this sector, and to examine the impact of TQM practices on AS KPIs. Therefore, a conceptual model proposes that the high implementation of soft and hard dimensions of TQM has a positive impact on KPIs. A quantitative survey methodology was employed and a structured questionnaires was elaborated based on validated theoretical concepts, while the obtained data were analysed with the help of structural equation modelling (SEM) partial least squares technique (PLS). The results refer to equivalent applicability of TQM practices across manufacturing and service sectors, while the influence of TQM practices on the multi-oriented KPIs is empirically supported. The article contributes to the literature in service marketing and quality in which it streamlines two paradigms: TQM and performance management as it can form a guideline for scholars to deepen their relevant comprehension. In practice, the findings contribute to service managers by emphasising the importance of TQM practices for the improvement of service performance in both financial and non-financial aspects.
Ethics in business and communication: common ground or incommensurable?
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Kačerauskas, Tomas; Ekonomická fakulta
Do business and communication share common ethical ground or are they incommensurable notions? This paper explores the on-going conversation surrounding the role of ethics in business and communication and related practical issues. A critical approach has been applied towards the issues, and a historical approach applied by demonstrating the ethical ideas in the history of philosophy. The regional approach is used which appeals to such ethical regions as professional ethics as well ethics in the cultural rims. Through the analysis of the relationship between global and local ethics in business and communication, the paper examines problems and issues with particular reference to meta-discourse, media, market, and, significantly, propaganda. Part 1 considers the main problems germane to business ethics, which is followed by analysis of the issues pertaining to communication ethics. Part 2 draws a comparison between the two and develops a critical approach. Kantian analysis is applied to the generally accepted maxims of ethics in business and communication. Such maxims include the reminder that: “uniformity in global communication is not possible”; and “avoid conducting business by slavishly copying others”. Furthermore, “never seek either business or communication at any price”. Put simply, the aforementioned imply something that is both simple and direct: “know the limits of your communication” and “know the limits of your business”. The paper adopts a critical approach rather than euphoric discourses concerning business and communication ethics that are typical of much of the current literature. Beside this, the relationship between global (universal) and local (regional) in ethical level is developed.
An Analysis of Factors Influencing Employee Job Satisfaction in a Public Sector
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Lekić, Nemanja; Vapa–Tankosić, Jelena; Rajaković–Mijailović, Jasmina; Lekić, Snežana; Ekonomická fakulta
Public enterprises can only be successful when they base their business strategy and their organizational processes on the satisfaction of their employees. The subject of this research is an analysis of job satisfaction in public sector in Belgrade region in two independent time periods (in 2017 and 2010). The aim of the research was to analyse whether the salary, cooperation with closest associates, and possibility of promotion, remuneration policy, cooperation and good relationships with superiors and nature of the job are directly and positively associated with total job satisfaction. The recent study in 2017 was carried out on 508 public employees on lower positions of leading public sector enterpises. The data was analysed by correlation and regression analysis in the statistical software package SPSS. In the last seven years, the increase in job satisfaction in regard to satisfaction with salaries, the promotion on a hierarchical scale, remuneration policy and the nature of the job, has been observed. On the other hand, the results show that the employees’ satisfaction with cooperation with their closest associates or cooperation and relations with superiors has not been improved. Considering the results of the data, the researchers are able to draw a conclusion which is also consistent with the prevous research, that the analysed factors have a direct and positive influence on the job satisfaction. The conclusions point out that employee job satisfaction analysis can be a powerful tool to enhance organizational performance as well as guidance for the knowledgeable allocation of resources. This study contributes to the analysis of job satisfaction in public sector, which has not been investigated enough, as opposed to job satisfaction in private, for-profit corporations.
Intercultural Competences in Slovak Business Environment
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Benčiková, Dana; Malá, Denisa; Ďaďo, Jaroslav; Ekonomická fakulta
The paper highlights the importance of intercultural competence (IC) in business environment, and presents outcomes of a research into the level of IC among employees of Slovak enterprises. In the contemporary business world, intercultural competence and its individual components: affective, behavioral, and cognitive competences, become an inevitable asset for enterprises, due to high globalization of virtually all corporate processes and activities. Even though the available literature on research into this cultural phenomenon reports a rather high perception of one’s own IC, namely its affective component, as proved by our research, the main objective of which was to measure IC of Slovak employees, the actual level of overall IC, and especially its affective component, in Slovak enterprises is rather low. The research, the detailed description of which is the primary focus of this paper, was conducted in spring 2018 on a representative sample of Slovak employees in enterprises of all types, sizes, and fields of industry, and has proved that by increasing one of the three components of IC, the overall IC of an individual will increase. Therefore, it may be stated that training of intercultural competence has a high potential in corporate environment, and may produce great benefits for enterprises who deal with interculturality in their operations, and encounter people of other than their home culture, may it be their external or internal stakeholders. The outcomes of the research also suggest a need, and provide a platform for, both the assessment of IC of employees, and a targeted intercultural training in Slovak enterprises, which would be tailored according to the individual needs of each enterprise.
Country-specific determinants of intra-industry trade in pharmaceuticals: the case of Poland and its European Union partners
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Łapińska, Justyna; Meluzínová, Jana; Uhman, Jiří; Ekonomická fakulta
Trade cooperation between European Union countries is based mainly on intra-industry trade, consisting in the simultaneous import and export of similar products belonging to the same industry (commodity group).
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Benefits of Demand Information Sharing
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Jin, Hyun-Woong; Ekonomická fakulta
Sharing customer demand information across the supply chain is known to be an effective approach to improve the performance of the whole supply chain. However, demand information sharing between companies requires a large amount of budget and leads to a change in the work process within the organization. Therefore, it is necessary to verify whether the sharing of customer demand information is beneficial to the company or not by considering their business environment. This paper aims to analyze the benefits of demand information sharing between companies in various business environments in order to provide managerial implications for the companies considering the adoption of a collaborative inventory management policy with external companies. This research uses a simulation approach based on system dynamics to model the considered supply chain and to explore its performance. For the simulation test, two types of simulation models were developed which represent a supply chain without information sharing and a supply chain with information sharing. Test results were analyzed in terms of the bullwhip effect, the inventory level and the stockout rate of the retailer. The results of this research may help practitioners to understand the dynamics of supply chain when the customer demand is shared. These understandings could help them to make a decision on adopting a collaborative inventory management policy based on the demand information sharing. The originality of this paper is that it deals with various business environments which are rarely considered in the previous researches. These include the length of ordering cycle, the maximum size of ordering quantity, backlog versus lost sales and the type of information shared.
The model assessing the impact of price and provided services on the quality of the trip by train: MCDM approach
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Sivilevičius, Henrikas; Maskeliūnaitė, Lijana; Ekonomická fakulta
Long-distance transportation of passengers is usually performed by air and rail transport. The time and cost of the trip, as well as quality and variety of services and other economic criteria, strongly influence the choice of one of the competing transport facilities. The quality of the trip by train is determined by the criteria of four groups associated with the vehicle elements and the state of the railway line, organization of the trip by train, its technology, the price of the trip and the provided services (PTPS) and safety of the trip by train. The paper presents a model of the major component of the comprehensive quality index (CQI), characterizing a trip by an international train from such aspects as the PTPS. Based on using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the weights of these criteria groups and the weights of the criteria of each group are determined. A survey of the respondents of three categories, including passengers, service staff of the train and the administration staff of the joint-stock company, is conducted to know their opinions about various aspects of the trip described by the considered criteria. The model is based on the average weight and the weights of six criteria of the group, describing the PTPS, which are multiplied by the calculated variables. This allows the quality of the trip by train, depending only on these criteria, to be expressed in a single number. The numerical example shows that the suggested model yields reliable data and can be used in practice for evaluating the quality of trips by various international trains.
Analysis of the significance of eWOM on social media for companies[S1]
(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Prantl, David; Mičík, Michal; Ekonomická fakulta
In recent years, social media have changed online communication. People share their views on individual companies as well as reviews of various products, and actively engage in discussions. Communication that spreads in this way is referred to as eWOM. The question is how important eWOM on social media can be for companies and what we can conclude based on eWOM. This research study aims to evaluate the significance of eWOM for companies in terms of the connection between eWOM and stock prices. Further, we explore the impact of eWOM on company website traffic. The research was conducted using a sample of 1,420,000 posts on social media sites mentioning companies that make up the components of the US30 stock market index. The results show that companies in the B2C segment with a higher share of positive posts compared to negative ones have seen a greater increase in stock prices. However, posts on social media mentioning companies in the B2B segment are not connected to the movement of stock prices of these companies. The research also revealed that 3 % of the total traffic on companies’ websites comes from social media sites. Based on the findings of the research, we can consider eWOM to be of major significance for companies in the B2C segment. These conclusions can be useful in predicting stock prices of particular companies on stock markets based on eWOM.

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