MANAGERS’ ETHICS OF TAX EVASION: THE ROLES OF FAMILY, RELIGION, AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS

dc.contributor.authorVo, Thuy Thi Diem
dc.contributor.authorTuliao, Kristine Velasquez
dc.contributor.authorChen, Chung-wen
dc.contributor.otherEkonomická fakultacs
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-22T07:58:20Z
dc.date.available2022-09-22T07:58:20Z
dc.description.abstractTax income is one of the essential financial resources to maintain a nation’s development, as tax revenue promotes the advancement of social welfare and community affairs. However, tax evasion has been a persistent governmental and societal concern. In order to expand insights on tax evasion of managers, the authors used Emile Durkheim’s sociological theory of anomie to investigate the individual-level association between managers’ perceived family and religion importance and their attitude toward tax evasion. Additionally, the theory was employed to examine how country-level aspects moderate that individual-level relationship. The hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) method was utilized to analyze data of 3,475 managers from 47 countries obtained from the World Values Survey (WVS). Results indicated that the managers’ perceived family and religion importance were negatively related to their ethics of tax evasion. Moreover, the individual-level relationships were moderated by the country-level factors of poverty, good governance, political integration, and social integration. Most study findings supported Durkheim’s original propositions, whereas complementary arguments were offered to explain the results contradicting them. Since there are no existing studies on the influence of managers’ perceived family and religion importance on the ethics of tax evasion and how social perspectives moderate their impacts, the results of this study offer deeper insights into understanding the issue. Practical implications for organizations and society were discussed to reinforce managers’ ethics of tax evasion. The study findings will help organizations and governments establish social programs that will decrease managers’ likelihood to evade taxes, thereby contributing to the development of organizations and the nation.en
dc.formattext
dc.identifier.doi10.15240/tul/001/2022-3-004
dc.identifier.eissn2336-5604
dc.identifier.issn1212-3609
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.tul.cz/handle/15240/166029
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTechnická Univerzita v Libercics
dc.publisherTechnical university of Liberec, Czech Republicen
dc.publisher.abbreviationTUL
dc.relation.isbasedonAndreoni, J., Erard, B., & Feinstein, J. (1998). Tax compliance. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(2), 818–860.
dc.relation.isbasedonAngell, R. C. (1974). Moral integration and interpersonal integration in American cities. American Sociological Review, 14(2), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.2307/2086857
dc.relation.isbasedonAllingham, M. G., & Sandmo, A. (1972). Income tax evasion: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Public Economics, 1(3–4), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(72)90010-2
dc.relation.isbasedonAlm, J., McClelland, G. H., & Schulze, W. D. (1999). Changing the social norm of tax compliance by voting. Kyklos, 52(2), 141–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1999.tb01440.x
dc.relation.isbasedonAlm, J., Sanchez, I., & De Juan, A. (1995). Economic and noneconomic factors in tax compliance. Kyklos, 48(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1995.tb02312.x
dc.relation.isbasedonAlm, J., & Torgler, B. (2006). Culture differences and tax morale in the United States and in Europe. Journal of Economic Psychology, 27(2), 224–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2005.09.002
dc.relation.isbasedonBame-Aldred, C. W., Cullen, J. B., Martin, K. D., & Parboteeah, K. P. (2013). National culture and firm-level tax evasion. Journal of Business Research, 66(3), 390–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.08.020
dc.relation.isbasedonBanerjee, D., Kosagisharaf, J. R., & Rao, T. S. (2021). ‘The dual pandemic’ of suicide and COVID-19: A biopsychosocial narrative of risks and prevention. Psychiatry Research, 295, 113577.
dc.relation.isbasedonBenk, S., Budak, T., Yüzbaşı, B., & Mohdali, R. (2016). The Impact of Religiosity on Tax Compliance among Turkish Self-Employed Taxpayers. Religions, 7(4), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel7040037
dc.relation.isbasedonBohnet, I., & Frey, B. S. (1994). Direct-democratic Rules: The Role of Discussion. Kyklos, 47(3), 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1994.tb02742.x
dc.relation.isbasedonBray, N. J., & Del Favero, M. (2004). Sociological explanations for faculty and student classroom incivilities. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 99, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.154
dc.relation.isbasedonChapman, E. B. (2019). The distinctive value of elections and the case for compulsory voting. American Journal of Political Science, 63(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12393
dc.relation.isbasedonChen, C. W. (2014). Are Workers More Likely to be Deviant than Managers? A Cross-National Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 123(2), 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1810-3
dc.relation.isbasedonChen, C. W., Yu, H. H., Tuliao, K. V., Simha, A., & Chang, Y. Y. (2021). Supervisors’ Value Orientations and Ethics: A Cross-National Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 170(1), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04254-0
dc.relation.isbasedonChoi, J., & Kruis, N. E. (2021). Social integration and confidence in the police: a cross-national multi-level analysis. Policing and Society, 31(6), 751–766. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2020.1751160
dc.relation.isbasedonChong, A., & Calderon, C. (2000). Institutional quality and poverty measures in a cross-section of countries. Economics of Governance, 1(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00021678
dc.relation.isbasedonChristensen, J., & Murphy, R. (2004). The Social Irresponsibility of Corporate Tax Avoidance: Taking CSR to the Bottom Line. Development, 47(3), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100066
dc.relation.isbasedonColeman, C., & Freeman, L. (1997). Cultural foundations of taxpayer attitudes to voluntary compliance. Australian Tax Forum: A Journal of Taxation Policy, Law and Reform, 13(3), 311.
dc.relation.isbasedonConroy, S. J., & Emerson, T. L. N. (2004). Business Ethics and Religion: Religiosity as a Predictor of Ethical Awareness among Students. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(4), 383–396. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000025040.41263.09
dc.relation.isbasedonCornwall, M., Albrecht, S. L., Cunningham, P. H., & Pitcher, B. L. (1986). The Dimensions of Religiosity: A Conceptual Model with an Empirical Test. Review of Religious Research, 27(3), 226–244. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511418
dc.relation.isbasedonCrocker, K. J., & Slemrod, J. (2005). Corporate tax evasion with agency costs. Journal of Public Economics, 89(9–10), 1593–1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.08.003
dc.relation.isbasedonCullen, J. B., Parboteeah, K. P., & Hoegl, M. (2004). Cross-National Differences in Managers' Willingness to Justify Ethically Suspect Behaviors: A Test of Institutional Anomie Theory. Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.5465/20159590
dc.relation.isbasedonDe Jong, G. F., Faulkner, J. E., & Warland. R. H. (1976). Dimensions of Religiosity Reconsidered; Evidence from a Cross-Cultural Study. Social Forces, 54(4), 866–889. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/54.4.866
dc.relation.isbasedonDervic, K., Oquendo, M. A., Grunebaum, M. F., Ellis, S., Burke, A. K., & Mann, J. J. (2004). Religious Affiliation and Suicide Attempt. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(12), 2303–2308. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2303
dc.relation.isbasedonDhami, S., & al-Nowaihi, A. (2007). Why do people pay taxes? Prospect theory versus expected utility theory. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 64(1), 171–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2006.08.006
dc.relation.isbasedonDurkheim, E. (1928). Socialism. New York, NY: Collier Books.
dc.relation.isbasedonDurkheim, E. (1953). The determination of moral facts. In Sociology and Philosophy (pp. 35–62). New York, NY: Free Press.
dc.relation.isbasedonDurkheim, E. (1964). The Division of Labor in Society (original work published in 1893). New York, NY: Free Press.
dc.relation.isbasedonDurkheim, E. (1966). Suicide: A Study in Sociology (original work published in 1897). New York, NY: Free Press.
dc.relation.isbasedonDurkheim, E. (1978). Review of Tönnies’ Community and Society. In M. Traugott (Ed.), Emile Durkheim on Institutional Analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
dc.relation.isbasedonDurkheim, E. (2005). The Dualism of Human Nature and Its Social Conditions. Durkheimian Studies, 11(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.3167/175223005783472211
dc.relation.isbasedonElster, J. (1989). Social Norms and Economic Theory. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3(4), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.3.4.99
dc.relation.isbasedonFehr, E., & Gächter, S. (1998). Reciprocity and economics: The economic implications of Homo Reciprocans. European Economic Review, 42(3–5), 845–859. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(97)00131-1
dc.relation.isbasedonFeld, L. P., & Tyran, J.-R. (2002). Tax Evasion and Voting: An Experimental Analysis. Kyklos, 55(2), 197–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00183
dc.relation.isbasedonFranzoni, L. A. (1998). Tax Evasion and Tax Compliance (SSRN Working Paper). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.137430
dc.relation.isbasedonGalang, R. M. N. (2012). Victim or Victimizer: Firm Responses to Government Corruption. Journal of Management Studies, 49(2), 429–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00989.x
dc.relation.isbasedonGentina, E., Tang, T. L. P., & Gu, Q. (2017). Does Bad Company Corrupt Good Morals? Social Bonding and Academic Cheating among French and Chinese Teens. Journal of Business Ethics, 146(3), 639–667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2939-z
dc.relation.isbasedonGiddens, A. (1971). Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber. Cambridge University Press.
dc.relation.isbasedonGrant Jr, E. W., & Broom, L. S. (1988). Attitudes toward ethics: A view of the college student. Journal of Business Ethics, 7(8), 617–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382795
dc.relation.isbasedonHalla, M. (2012). Tax Morale and Compliance Behavior: First Evidence on a Causal Link. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/1935-1682.3165
dc.relation.isbasedonHofmann, D. A. (1997). An overview of the logic and rationale of hierarchical linear models. Journal of Management, 23(6), 723–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(97)90026-X
dc.relation.isbasedonHutton, W. (2008). The World We’re In. London: Hachette UK.
dc.relation.isbasedonHynes, E. (1975). Suicide and Homo Duplex: An Interpretation of Durkheim’s Typology of Suicide. The Sociological Quarterly, 16(1), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1975.tb02140.x
dc.relation.isbasedonKidder, R., & McEwen, C. (1989). Taxpaying Behavior in Social Context: A Tentative Typology of Tax Compliance and Noncompliance. In J. A. Roth, & J. T. Scholz (Eds.), Taxpayer Compliance (Vol. 2, pp. 46–75). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
dc.relation.isbasedonLechner, F. J. (1998). Reviewed Work: The Institutional Order: Economy, Kinship, Religion, Polity, Law, and Education in Evolutionary and Comparative Perspective by Jonathan H. Turner. Contemporary Sociology, 27(2), 212. https://doi.org/10.2307/2654826
dc.relation.isbasedonLee, J. H. (2021). Relationships between neighborhood collective efficacy and adolescent suicidal ideation. Journal of Adolescence, 93, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.09.009
dc.relation.isbasedonMaimon, D., & Kuhl, D. C. (2008). Social Control and Youth Suicidality: Situating Durkheim’s Ideas in a Multilevel Framework. American Sociological Review, 73(6), 921–943. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240807300603
dc.relation.isbasedonMarks, S. R. (1974). Durkheim’s Theory of Anomie. American Journal of Sociology, 80(2), 329–363.
dc.relation.isbasedonMartin, K. D., Cullen, J. B., Johnson, J. L., & Parboteeah, K. P. (2007). Deciding to Bribe: a Cross-Level Analysis of Firm and Home Country Influences on Bribery Activity. Academy of Management Journal, 50(6), 1401–1422. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.28179462
dc.relation.isbasedonMcGee, R. W., Benk, S., Ross, A. M., & Kılıçaslan, H. (2012). Cheating on Taxes If You Have a Chance: A Comparative Study of Tax Evasion Opinion in Turkey and Germany. In R. McGee (Ed.), The Ethics of Tax Evasion (pp. 357–369). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1287-8
dc.relation.isbasedonMcLeod, M. S., Payne, G. T., & Evert, R. E. (2016). Organizational Ethics Research: A Systematic Review of Methods and Analytical Techniques. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(3), 429–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2436-9
dc.relation.isbasedonMessner, S. F., & Rosenfeld, R. (2001). Crime and the American Dream (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
dc.relation.isbasedonMohdali, R., & Pope, J. (2012). The effects of religiosity and external environment on voluntary tax compliance. New Zealand Journal of Taxation Law and Policy, 18(2), 119–139.
dc.relation.isbasedonMyers, S. M. (2000). The Impact of Religious Involvement on Migration. Social Forces, 79(2), 755–783. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/79.2.755
dc.relation.isbasedonOECD. (2019). Voting. In Society at a Glance 2019: OECD Social Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing.
dc.relation.isbasedonO’Fallon, M. J., & Butterfield, K. D. (2005). A Review of The Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 1996–2003. Journal of Business Ethics, 59(4), 375–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-2929-7
dc.relation.isbasedonOlsen, M. E. (1965). Durkheim’s Two Concepts of Anomie. The Sociological Quarterly, 6(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1965.tb02260.x
dc.relation.isbasedonParboteeah, K. P., Addae, H. M., & Cullen, J. B. (2012). Propensity to Support Sustainability Initiatives: A Cross-National Model. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(3), 403–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0979-6
dc.relation.isbasedonParboteeah, K. P., Cullen, J. B., & Lim, L. (2004). Formal volunteering: A cross-national test. Journal of World Business, 39(4), 431–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2004.08.007
dc.relation.isbasedonPinder, C. C. (2014). Work Motivation in Organizational Behavior (2nd ed.). London: Psychology Press.
dc.relation.isbasedonRaudenbush, S., Bryk, T., & Congdon, R. (2000). HLM 6: Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling. Scientific Software International.
dc.relation.isbasedonRichardson, G. (2008). The relationship between culture and tax evasion across countries: Additional evidence and extensions. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 17(2), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2008.07.002
dc.relation.isbasedonSchoepfer, A., & Piquero, N. L. (2006). Exploring white-collar crime and the American dream: A partial test of institutional anomie theory. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34(3), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.03.008
dc.relation.isbasedonSen, A. (2006). Conceptualizing and Measuring Poverty. In D. B. Grusky, & R. Kanbur (Eds.), Poverty and Inequality: Studies in Social Inequality (pp. 30–46). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
dc.relation.isbasedonTang, T. L. P. (2007). Income and Quality of Life: Does the Love of Money Make a Difference? Journal of Business Ethics, 72(4), 375–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9176-4
dc.relation.isbasedonTang, T. L. P., & Chiu, R. K. (2003). Income, Money Ethic, Pay Satisfaction, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior: Is the Love of Money the Root of Evil for Hong Kong Employees? Journal of Business Ethics, 46(1), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024731611490
dc.relation.isbasedonTedds, L. M. (2006). Tax Non-compliance and Corporate Governance: A Comparative Study (Working Paper). Winnipeg: University of Manitoba.
dc.relation.isbasedonThorlindsson, T., & Bernburg, J. G. (2004). Durkheim’s Theory of Social Order and Deviance: a Multi-level Test. European Sociological Review, 20(4), 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jch025
dc.relation.isbasedonTittle, C. (1980). Sanctions and Social Deviance: The Question of Deterence. Westport, CT: Praeger.
dc.relation.isbasedonTorgler, B. (2003). Tax Morale, Rule-Governed Behaviour and Trust. Constitutional Political Economy, 14(2), 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023643622283
dc.relation.isbasedonTorgler, B. (2005). Tax morale and direct democracy. European Journal of Political Economy, 21(2), 525–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2004.08.002
dc.relation.isbasedonTorgler, B., & Valev, N. T. (2010). Gender and public attitudes toward corruption and tax evasion. Contemporary Economic Policy, 28(4), 554–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2009.00188.x
dc.relation.isbasedonTsakumis, G. T., Curatola, A. P., & Porcano, T. M. (2007). The relation between national cultural dimensions and tax evasion. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 16(2), 131–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2007.06.004
dc.relation.isbasedonTuliao, K. V., & Chen, C. W. (2019). Economy and Supervisors’ Ethical Values: Exploring the Mediating Role of Noneconomic Institutions in a Cross-National Test of Institutional Anomie Theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(3), 823–838. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3620-5
dc.relation.isbasedonTuliao, K. V., Chen, C. W., & Yeh, Y. J. (2020). Cross-national assessment of the effects of income level, socialization process, and social conditions on employees’ ethics. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29(2), 333–347. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12262
dc.relation.isbasedonUnited Nations Development Program. (2005). Human Development Report, International Cooperation at a Crossroads – Aid, Trade and Security in an Unequal World. New York, NY: United Nations Development. report.hdr.undp.org
dc.relation.isbasedonVitell, S. J., & Paolillo, J. G. P. (2003). Consumer Ethics: The Role of Religiosity. Journal of Business Ehics, 46(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025081005272
dc.relation.isbasedonWoltman, H., Feldstain, A., MacKay, J. C., & Rocchi, M. (2012). An introduction to hierarchical linear modeling. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 8(1), 52–69. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.08.1.p052
dc.relation.isbasedonWorld Bank. (2010). World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank.
dc.relation.isbasedonWorld Values Survey Association. (2018). World Values Survey 2018 Wave 5 and Wave 6 2005–2014 (Official aggregate data file v.20180912). www.worldvaluessurvey.org
dc.relation.ispartofEkonomie a Managementcs
dc.relation.ispartofEconomics and Managementen
dc.relation.isrefereedtrue
dc.rightsCC BY-NC
dc.subjecttax evasionen
dc.subjectfamilyen
dc.subjectreligionen
dc.subjectsocial conditionsen
dc.subjectDurkheim’s sociological theoryen
dc.subject.classificationD91
dc.subject.classificationE02
dc.subject.classificationH26
dc.titleMANAGERS’ ETHICS OF TAX EVASION: THE ROLES OF FAMILY, RELIGION, AND SOCIAL CONDITIONSen
dc.typeArticleen
local.accessopen
local.citation.epage68
local.citation.spage53
local.facultyFaculty of Economics
local.filenameEM_3_2022_4
local.fulltextyes
local.relation.abbreviationE+Mcs
local.relation.abbreviationE&Men
local.relation.issue3
local.relation.volume25
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name:
EM_3_2022_04.pdf
Size:
630.48 KB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
článek
Collections