Identification of risk concentrations of hazardous compounds on textiles
Title Alternative:Stanovení nebezpečných koncentrací rizikových látek v textiliích
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Technická Univerzita v Liberci
Abstract
Tato disertační práce posuzuje míru rizika založeného na procesech s účelem rozhodnout, zda je riziko nízké a přijatelné ze zdravotního hlediska. Není možné stanovit a vyčíslit všechny zbytky pesticidů všech typů bavlny v rámci dostupných zdrojů. Takže pro porovnání vzorků z obou zemědělských oblastí byla zvolena analýza jejich toxických účinků. V úvahu byly vzaty všechny důležité faktory, jako je výběr řádných vzorků, manipulace, předprava (kryogenní homogenizace), extrakce a analýza. Tato práce je kombinací studia výsledků kvalitativních a kvantitativních analytických měření. Pro kvalitativní analýzu byla použita metoda přístupu biosenzorů a také interakce se zelenými řasami. To bylo zkoumáno měřením bioelektrických signálů způsobených inhibicí enzymatické acetyl-cholinesterázy (AChE) s použitím Analyzátoru biosensorové toxicity (BTA) a Mini Termostatu (MT-1) a sledováním změn signálů způsobených interakcí biologických látek a reziduí. Všechny veličiny podílející se na aktivitě AChE inhibici byly studovány a optimalizovány, jako enzymy a koncentrace substrátu, pufr, pH a doba inkubace. Metoda se používá na vzorky pravé bavlny extrahované různými rozpouštědly. Nejenže jsme schopni odhadnout % inhibice každého jednotlivého vzorku, ale také můžeme porovnávat tuto inhibici se standardními kontrolními body. Zvláštností této metody je, že všechny vzorky spolu s kontrolními body mohou být testovány v jednom běhu. Celkový čas jednoho kompletního testu byl přibližně 50 - 55 minut. Je to metoda, která nám nabízí snadný způsob, jak zjistit přítomnost organofosforových a karbamátových pesticidů. Byla provedena další metoda založená na biotestu k identifikaci rizik. Tato metoda studuje interakce zbytkových analytů a zelených řas pro stanovení působících predátorů, kteří ovlivňují jejich běžný životní cyklus měřením inhibice kyslíku vznikajícím fotosyntézou. V této studii jsme viděli změnu chování extraktů z bavlněných vzorků z různých regionů, jež souvisela s variací druhů řas a jejich reakci na toxické látky.
The dissertation is a study of risk assessment based on processes in order to decide if the risk is low and acceptable in scientific terms. It is not possible to identify and quantify all residues of these pesticides on all the types of cotton within available resources. So a comparison of selected cotton samples of both modes of agriculture from the field has been analyzed in terms of their toxic effects. All the important factors for analytical process like proper sampling, handling, pre-treatment (cryogenic homogenization), extraction and analysis have been taken into account. The thesis is a combination of study of qualitative and quantitative analytical measurements. For qualitative analysis, Biosensor approach and Interaction with algae have been implemented. Measurements of bio-electrical signals caused by enzymatic inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) with the use of Biosensor Toxicity Analyzer (BTA) and Mini Thermostat (MT-1) have been studied and the monitoring of changes in signals caused by the interaction of biological substances and residues were evaluated. All the variables involved in AChE inhibition activity have been studied and optimized such as enzyme & substrate concentrations, buffer, pH and incubation time. The method is utilized for real cotton samples extracted with different solvents. We are not only able to estimate the inhibition % of each individual sample but also we can compare this inhibition with the standard control points. The speciality of this method is that all the samples along with the control points can be tested in one run, The total time utilized for one complete test was approximately 50 55 minutes. It is a method that offers to different investigators an easy way to detect the presence of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides. Another method based on the bioassay for hazard identification has been implemented. The interaction of residual analytes and the green algae has been studied for the determination of intervening predators affecting their normal life cycle by measuring the photosynthetic inhibition of oxygen. In this study a variation in the behaviour of extracts from the cotton samples of different regions has been observed which was related to the variation of algal species in their response to toxic chemicals.
The dissertation is a study of risk assessment based on processes in order to decide if the risk is low and acceptable in scientific terms. It is not possible to identify and quantify all residues of these pesticides on all the types of cotton within available resources. So a comparison of selected cotton samples of both modes of agriculture from the field has been analyzed in terms of their toxic effects. All the important factors for analytical process like proper sampling, handling, pre-treatment (cryogenic homogenization), extraction and analysis have been taken into account. The thesis is a combination of study of qualitative and quantitative analytical measurements. For qualitative analysis, Biosensor approach and Interaction with algae have been implemented. Measurements of bio-electrical signals caused by enzymatic inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) with the use of Biosensor Toxicity Analyzer (BTA) and Mini Thermostat (MT-1) have been studied and the monitoring of changes in signals caused by the interaction of biological substances and residues were evaluated. All the variables involved in AChE inhibition activity have been studied and optimized such as enzyme & substrate concentrations, buffer, pH and incubation time. The method is utilized for real cotton samples extracted with different solvents. We are not only able to estimate the inhibition % of each individual sample but also we can compare this inhibition with the standard control points. The speciality of this method is that all the samples along with the control points can be tested in one run, The total time utilized for one complete test was approximately 50 55 minutes. It is a method that offers to different investigators an easy way to detect the presence of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides. Another method based on the bioassay for hazard identification has been implemented. The interaction of residual analytes and the green algae has been studied for the determination of intervening predators affecting their normal life cycle by measuring the photosynthetic inhibition of oxygen. In this study a variation in the behaviour of extracts from the cotton samples of different regions has been observed which was related to the variation of algal species in their response to toxic chemicals.