Multifunkční bavlněná textilie s celulózou plněnou nano TiO2
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Technická Univerzita v Liberci
Abstract
Bavlna je díky svým jedinečným vlastnostem jako je hydrofilita, biodegradabilita, trvanlivost, dobrá barvitelnost a relativně nízká cena významným textilním materiálem. Dnes však lidé očekávají od bavlněné tkaniny i další vlastnosti, díky nimž poskytuje bavlna komfort podle počasí. Vzhledem k požadavkům trhu roste význam samočisticích, antibakteriálních, antimykotických a nemačkavých textilií, které jsou předmětem rozsáhlého výzkumu. Nanočástice jako TiO2, ZnO, oxid měďnatý, Ag nebo uhlíkové nanotrubice (SWCNTs nebo MWCNTs) vykazují vynikající funkcionalizační aktivitu na světle. Nanočástice oxidu titaničitého jsou nejšetrnější k životnímu prostředí a ve srovnání s ostatními nanočásticemi i relativně levné. TiO2 lze aplikovat na různé substráty jako je aktivní uhlí, nerezová ocel nebo sklo. Výzkumníci aplikují TiO2 na bavlněné tkaniny různými způsoby, jako je in situ suspenzní polymerace s nano TiO2-akrylátovým kopolymerem a funkcionalizace bavlněné tkaniny nanočásticemi TiO2. Nicméně tyto tkaniny nejsou odolné v praní. Tato práce se zabývá přípravou samočisticí ztužené bavlněné tkaniny potažené celulózou a TiO2.. Celulózový roztok se připraví rozpuštěním 10% celulózy ve vodném roztoku 60% kyseliny sírové a nebo v rozpouštěcí směsi z hydroxidu sodného, močoviny a thiomočoviny. TiO2 o různých koncentracích (1, 3, 5 a 10% TiO2 z hmotnosti celulózy) se disperguje v roztoku celulózy a nanese na povrch bavlněných tkanin klocováním. Povrchová morfologie čisté bavlněné tkaniny a bavlněné tkaniny povrstvené celulózou a celulózou s TiO2 byla pozorována rastrovacím elektronovým mikroskopem (SEM). Pro kvantifikaci celulózy II byla vyvinuta simulační metoda s použitím rentgenové difrakce na softwaru Mercury. Vliv celulózového povrstvení na barvitelnost byl zkoumán pomocí reaktivních barviv.Samočisticí schopnost bavlněné tkaniny potažené celulózou a TiO2 byla zkoumána pomocí barviva Orange II a skvrn od vína pod UV světlem. Antibakteriální a protiplísňový účinek byl testován podle mezinárodních norem. Výsledky ukázaly, že vzorky potažené více než 3% TiO2 vykazovaly nejsilnější inhibiční účinek na bakterie Staphylococcus aureus (SA) a methicillinu rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Protiplísňové testy ukázaly, že fotokatalytická aktivita nanočástic oxidu titaničitého umožňuje dezinfikovat bavlněnou tkaninu od kolonií plísní. Množství celulózy II v bavlněné tkanině se po ošetření rozpouštědlem mírně zvýšilo. Celulózový povlak také zvýšil pevnost do přetrhu bavlněné tkaniny. Prodyšnost a paropropustnost prakticky nebyly ovlivněny. Tuhost bavlněné tkaniny potažené celulózou se podstatně zvýšila. Degradace barviva Orange II se zvyšuje s rostoucí koncentrací TiO2 a dobou ozařování. Pokud jde o tuhost i samočisticí vlastnosti, vzorky potažené 1, 3 a 5% TiO2 byly odolné v praní do 20 pracích cyklů. Nicméně vzorek potažený 10% TiO2 nevykazoval podobnou stabilitu v praní v důsledku špatné dispergovatelnosti TiO2 v roztoku celulózy.
Cotton is a leading textile fibre due to its unique properties such as hydrophilicity, biodegradability, durability, good dyeability, and relatively low cost. However, now a day's people want cotton fabric to be smart, which can give comfort according to weather conditions. Self-cleaning, antibacterial, antifungal and permanently stiff textiles are becoming important due to market demand, and broad research is being done in this areas. Nanoparticles such as Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Zinc oxide (ZnO), Copper oxide (CuO), Silver (Ag), Carbon nanotubes (Singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) show excellent functional activity towards light. Nano TiO2 is the most environment-friendly and relatively cheap among all other nano particles. TiO2 can be applied on different substrates such as activated carbon, stainless steel and glass. Researchers have coated TiO2 on cotton fabric by various methods such as in-situ suspension polymerization with nano TiO2-acrylatecopolymer and functionalizing cotton fabric with nano sized TiO2. However, they do not claim that fabric is stable against washing. In this thesis, a new route to make cotton fabric self-cleaning and permanently stiff by coating cellulose-TiO2 on its surface is demonstrated. Cellulose solution was prepared by dissolving 10% cellulose in aqueous sulphuric acid (60%) or Sodium hydroxide-Urea-Thiourea solvent system. TiO2 with different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 10 % TiO2 on the weight of cellulose) was dispersed in cellulose solution and coated on the surface of cotton fabric by padding machine. The surface morphologies of pure cotton fabric, cellulose and cellulose-TiO2 coated cotton fabric were observed on scanning electron microscope (SEM). Simulation method was developed to quantify amount of cellulose II by using X-ray diffraction patterns on Mercury software. Effect of cellulose coating on dyeing was investigated with Reactive dyes. Self-cleaning ability of cellulose-TiO2 coated cotton fabric was investigated with Orange II dye and wine stain under UV light. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was studied according to international standards. Results revealed that samples coated with more than 3% TiO2 showed strongest inhibition efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria's. Antifungal testing results showed that the photo-catalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles allows a disinfection of cotton fabric from fungal colonization. The amount of cellulose II in cotton fabric increased slightly after solvent treatment. However, breaking strength also increased by cellulose coating. Air and water vapor permeability were hardly affected. The stiffness of cellulose coated cotton fabric increased substantially. Degradation of orange II dye was increased with increasing TiO2 concentration and irradiation time. The samples coated with 1, 3 and 5% TiO2 were stable against washing up to 20 washing cycles for both self-cleaning and stiffness properties. However, 10% TiO2 coated sample does not show similar stability against washing due to poor dispersion of TiO2 in cellulose solution.
Cotton is a leading textile fibre due to its unique properties such as hydrophilicity, biodegradability, durability, good dyeability, and relatively low cost. However, now a day's people want cotton fabric to be smart, which can give comfort according to weather conditions. Self-cleaning, antibacterial, antifungal and permanently stiff textiles are becoming important due to market demand, and broad research is being done in this areas. Nanoparticles such as Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Zinc oxide (ZnO), Copper oxide (CuO), Silver (Ag), Carbon nanotubes (Singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) show excellent functional activity towards light. Nano TiO2 is the most environment-friendly and relatively cheap among all other nano particles. TiO2 can be applied on different substrates such as activated carbon, stainless steel and glass. Researchers have coated TiO2 on cotton fabric by various methods such as in-situ suspension polymerization with nano TiO2-acrylatecopolymer and functionalizing cotton fabric with nano sized TiO2. However, they do not claim that fabric is stable against washing. In this thesis, a new route to make cotton fabric self-cleaning and permanently stiff by coating cellulose-TiO2 on its surface is demonstrated. Cellulose solution was prepared by dissolving 10% cellulose in aqueous sulphuric acid (60%) or Sodium hydroxide-Urea-Thiourea solvent system. TiO2 with different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 10 % TiO2 on the weight of cellulose) was dispersed in cellulose solution and coated on the surface of cotton fabric by padding machine. The surface morphologies of pure cotton fabric, cellulose and cellulose-TiO2 coated cotton fabric were observed on scanning electron microscope (SEM). Simulation method was developed to quantify amount of cellulose II by using X-ray diffraction patterns on Mercury software. Effect of cellulose coating on dyeing was investigated with Reactive dyes. Self-cleaning ability of cellulose-TiO2 coated cotton fabric was investigated with Orange II dye and wine stain under UV light. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was studied according to international standards. Results revealed that samples coated with more than 3% TiO2 showed strongest inhibition efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria's. Antifungal testing results showed that the photo-catalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles allows a disinfection of cotton fabric from fungal colonization. The amount of cellulose II in cotton fabric increased slightly after solvent treatment. However, breaking strength also increased by cellulose coating. Air and water vapor permeability were hardly affected. The stiffness of cellulose coated cotton fabric increased substantially. Degradation of orange II dye was increased with increasing TiO2 concentration and irradiation time. The samples coated with 1, 3 and 5% TiO2 were stable against washing up to 20 washing cycles for both self-cleaning and stiffness properties. However, 10% TiO2 coated sample does not show similar stability against washing due to poor dispersion of TiO2 in cellulose solution.
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Subject(s)
bavlněná tkanina, celulóza, samočištění, tuhost, antibakteriální, protiplísňový, oxid titaničitý, Cotton fabric, cellulose, self-cleaning, stiffness, antibacterial, antifungal, Titanium dioxide