Holocaust a Liberec - smrt v terezínském ghettu
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Date
2024-08-28
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Abstract
Bakalářská práce je věnována problematice holocaustu. Konkrétně se zabývá občany a občankami, které pocházely z Liberce nebo v něm nějakou dobu žili a byli zavražděni v rámci tzv. konečného řešení židovské otázky v terezínském ghettu. Identifikováno bylo 27 mužů a 41 žen. Klíčovým prvkem, který jejich osud spojil, byla skutečnost, že byli oběťmi rasové perzekuce německého nacionálního socialismu a podle tzv. norimberských zákonů označeni za Židy a Židovky.
Nejstarší obětí byla Sofie Fleischer, která se dožila věku 93 let, nejmladší obětí byl Robert Geiger s věkem 24 let. Průměrný věk osob, kterými se tato práce zabývá, je 69 let, státní příslušnost byla nejčastěji uváděna česká, ačkoliv národnostně se jednalo o z většiny případů o Němce. Hlavní pozornost je zde věnována zejména starším osobám, neboť v řadě případů se jednalo o starší osoby, často důchodového věku. Do nehostinných podmínek terezínského ghetta se tedy dostali ve chvíli, kdy si měli užívat "podzimu" života. Místo toho je čekalo období plné ústrků, tragických životních podmínek, nedostatek jídla, hygieny, místa i řady dalších věcí
Nedílnou součástí německého nacionálního socialismu se stala dehumanizace společnosti. Vybraným skupinám osob byla postupně odnímána veškerá lidská práva, včetně jejich jména. Z individualit se stala masa čísel. Jedním z cílů mé bakalářské práce bylo vrátit libereckým zavražděným z terezínského ghetta jejich jméno, životní příběh, a alespoň symbolicky je tak vrátit do dějin města, ve kterém studuji a které oni museli nuceně opustit.
The bachelor thesis is dedicated to the Holocaust. Specifically, it deals with citizens who came from Liberec or lived there for some time and were murdered in the so-called final solution of the Jewish question in the Terezín ghetto. 27 men and 41 women have been identified. The key element that linked their fate was the fact that they were victims of the racial persecution of German National Socialism and, under the so-called Nuremberg Laws, identified as Jewish men and women. The oldest victim was Sofie Fleischer, who lived to the age of 93, and the youngest victim was Robert Geiger, aged 24. The average age of the persons covered in this thesis is 69 years old, and the citizenship most often cited was Czech, although the nationality of the majority of cases was German. The main focus in the thesis is on elderly people, as in many cases these were often in the age of retirement. They arrived in the inhospitable conditions of the Terezín ghetto at a time when they should have been enjoying the "autumn" of life. Instead, a period of hardship, tragic living conditions, lack of food, hygiene, space and many other awaited them... The dehumanization of the society became an integral part of the German National Socialism. Selected groups of people were gradually stripped of all human rights, including their names. Individuals became a mass of numbers. One of the aims of my bachelor's thesis was to give the murdered people of Liberec from the Terezín ghetto their name and their life story back to the history of the city, at least symbolically, in which I study and which they were forced to leave.
The bachelor thesis is dedicated to the Holocaust. Specifically, it deals with citizens who came from Liberec or lived there for some time and were murdered in the so-called final solution of the Jewish question in the Terezín ghetto. 27 men and 41 women have been identified. The key element that linked their fate was the fact that they were victims of the racial persecution of German National Socialism and, under the so-called Nuremberg Laws, identified as Jewish men and women. The oldest victim was Sofie Fleischer, who lived to the age of 93, and the youngest victim was Robert Geiger, aged 24. The average age of the persons covered in this thesis is 69 years old, and the citizenship most often cited was Czech, although the nationality of the majority of cases was German. The main focus in the thesis is on elderly people, as in many cases these were often in the age of retirement. They arrived in the inhospitable conditions of the Terezín ghetto at a time when they should have been enjoying the "autumn" of life. Instead, a period of hardship, tragic living conditions, lack of food, hygiene, space and many other awaited them... The dehumanization of the society became an integral part of the German National Socialism. Selected groups of people were gradually stripped of all human rights, including their names. Individuals became a mass of numbers. One of the aims of my bachelor's thesis was to give the murdered people of Liberec from the Terezín ghetto their name and their life story back to the history of the city, at least symbolically, in which I study and which they were forced to leave.
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Holocaust, terezínské ghetto, Liberec, Židé a Židovky, druhá světová válka, německý nacionální socialismus, náboženství, Felix Vojtěch Lasch, Julius Spitz, Karel Steindler, Otto Goltz