Děti s poruchami autistického spektra v mateřské škole
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Tématem bakalářské práce je výchova a vzdělávání dětí s poruchou autistického spektra. Cílem práce je specifikovat vhodné postupy a metody pro práci s dětmi s poruchou autistického spektra, ať už integrované nebo zařazené do běžného vzdělávacího proudu. Práce je zpracována čistě teoreticky. V první až páté kapitole se text zaměřuje na odborný teoretický základ, do kterého spadá historický kontext, příčiny vzniku poruch, jejich klasifikaci, jednotlivé problémy v oblasti triády a proces diagnostiky. Získané informace z odborných zdrojů a literatury jsou doplněny o konkrétní příběhy rodin s dětmi s poruchou autistického spektra.
Kapitola šestá až osmá jsou více prakticky zaměřeny na aktivity a možnosti vzdělávání. Jaké metody a přístupy se v edukačním procesu využívají, jejich charakteristika a popis principu, na jakém fungují. Důležitou součástí je zvolení vhodné motivace k činnosti, také příprava prostředí a pomůcek. Na závěr této kapitoly jsem pomocí nasbíraných zkušeností a informací připravila porovnání režimu dne pro děti z běžné mateřské školy a dítě do ní integrované. Součástí je zpracování konkrétních aktivit pro podporu integrace jedince.
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the education of the children suffering from autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The goal is to determine appropriate techniques and methods of working with the children with ASD, whether they are integrated or are involved in the regular educational system. This thesis is entirely theoretical. The first to fifth chapter is dedicated to the technical theoretical basics which include historical context, the cause of origin of disorders and their classification, particular problems concerning the triad and the process of diagnostics. Information acquired from reference sources and literature are enriched by personal stories of families with children with ASD. Chapters sixth to eighth are focusing on activities and possibilities of education in a practical way. They are also concerning what methods and techniques are used in the educational process, their characteristics and description of the principle on which they are operating. An important part is choosing the right motivation for accomplishing a certain task, as is the preparation of the environment and tools. On the end of the closing chapter, while using the experience and information I have gained, I have created a comparison where there are children engaging in all daily activities on one side and an integrated child who needs a completely different approach on the other. There are also specific activities to encourage an individual's integration.
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the education of the children suffering from autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The goal is to determine appropriate techniques and methods of working with the children with ASD, whether they are integrated or are involved in the regular educational system. This thesis is entirely theoretical. The first to fifth chapter is dedicated to the technical theoretical basics which include historical context, the cause of origin of disorders and their classification, particular problems concerning the triad and the process of diagnostics. Information acquired from reference sources and literature are enriched by personal stories of families with children with ASD. Chapters sixth to eighth are focusing on activities and possibilities of education in a practical way. They are also concerning what methods and techniques are used in the educational process, their characteristics and description of the principle on which they are operating. An important part is choosing the right motivation for accomplishing a certain task, as is the preparation of the environment and tools. On the end of the closing chapter, while using the experience and information I have gained, I have created a comparison where there are children engaging in all daily activities on one side and an integrated child who needs a completely different approach on the other. There are also specific activities to encourage an individual's integration.
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poruchy autistického spektra, autismus, triáda, postupy a metody práce, integrace, mateřská škola