Významné dny jako motivační prvek ve výuce chemie na základní škole
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Date
2022-10-10
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Abstract
V České republice patří u žáků předmět chemie na základních školách k neoblíbeným předmětům. Žáci často látce nerozumí a témata je nudí. Tato práce se zaměřuje na zefektivnění výuky chemie na základních školách pomocí alternativních výukových přístupů.
Byl využit prvek z Jenského plánu - školní slavnost. Slavnost poukazuje na to, že každý den je možnost slavit, např. významné dny, narozeniny, příchod nového spolužáka, odchod učitele. V této práci byly jako důvod ke slavnostem vybrány významné dny, které byly propojeny s tématy učiva chemie na určitý měsíc. Poté byl významný den zpracován určitou výukovou metodou - experimentem, projektem, nebo didaktickou hrou.
Významné dny byly vybírány tak, aby obsahově seděly s tematickými plány učiva chemie 8. a 9. ročníků základní školy. Zároveň se jedná o významné dny, které nejsou zrovna typické. Byly vybrány i dny, které se teprve dostávají do podvědomí lidí a nemají tak bohatou tradici jako např. Vánoce. Právě proto byly tyto dny zpracovány a přeneseny do hodin chemie na základních školách. Jedná se o významné dny založené na zdraví, potravinách, nebo ekologii.
Slavnosti byly navrženy tak, aby odpovídaly vybraným významným dnům a určitým výukovým metodám. Přírodovědné experimenty, které bylo možné testovat v domácích podmínkách, byly vyzkoušeny a zaznamenány. Několik výukových metod bylo založeno na vlastních chemických znalostech a zúčastnění se určitých akcí spjatých s významnými dny.
V této práci se využilo některých významných dnů, ke kterým byly přiřazeny přírodovědné experimenty, za účelem zabavení žáků, a tudíž i zefektivnění výuky chemie. Mimo experimenty byla výuka rozšířena i o mimoškolní akce, projekty, didaktické hry a tandemovou výuku.
The subject of chemistry belongs to the unpopular subjects of primary school pupils in the Czech Republic. Pupils often do not understand the subject matter and are bored by the themes. This paper is focused on the streamline process of chemistry teaching in the primary schools with the help of an alternative educational methods. An element of a school celebration was exploited from the Jena Plan. The celebration refers to everyday celebrations, e.g. significant days, birthdays, arrival of a new student, departure of a teacher. In this paper significant days were chosen as a reason for a celebration. These significant days were linked with chemistry lessons themes to specific months. After that the significant day was processed by a certain educational method - an experiment, a project, or a didactic game. Significant days were selected as to fit the content of the thematic plan of chemistry curriculum of the 8th and 9th grades of primary school. Simultaneously the significant days are not entirely typical. The days that were chosen are not familiar to people and they do not have a rich tradition as e.g. Christmas. That is why these days were processed and transferred into chemistry lessons in the primary schools. These significant days are based on health, food, or ecology. The celebrations were designed so that they would conform certain significant days and educational methods. The scientific experiments which were possible to be tried out at home, were tested and noted. Several educational methods that were founded, were based on personal chemical knowledge and participation in certain events related to significant days. In this paper there were used few significant days which were pared with the scientific experiments in order to entertain the pupils and improve the chemistry lessons. Apart from the experiment, the lessons were extended to the extracurricular activities, school projects, didactic games and the tandem learning method.
The subject of chemistry belongs to the unpopular subjects of primary school pupils in the Czech Republic. Pupils often do not understand the subject matter and are bored by the themes. This paper is focused on the streamline process of chemistry teaching in the primary schools with the help of an alternative educational methods. An element of a school celebration was exploited from the Jena Plan. The celebration refers to everyday celebrations, e.g. significant days, birthdays, arrival of a new student, departure of a teacher. In this paper significant days were chosen as a reason for a celebration. These significant days were linked with chemistry lessons themes to specific months. After that the significant day was processed by a certain educational method - an experiment, a project, or a didactic game. Significant days were selected as to fit the content of the thematic plan of chemistry curriculum of the 8th and 9th grades of primary school. Simultaneously the significant days are not entirely typical. The days that were chosen are not familiar to people and they do not have a rich tradition as e.g. Christmas. That is why these days were processed and transferred into chemistry lessons in the primary schools. These significant days are based on health, food, or ecology. The celebrations were designed so that they would conform certain significant days and educational methods. The scientific experiments which were possible to be tried out at home, were tested and noted. Several educational methods that were founded, were based on personal chemical knowledge and participation in certain events related to significant days. In this paper there were used few significant days which were pared with the scientific experiments in order to entertain the pupils and improve the chemistry lessons. Apart from the experiment, the lessons were extended to the extracurricular activities, school projects, didactic games and the tandem learning method.
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Subject(s)
Alternativní vzdělávání, Jenská škola, významné dny, školní chemický experiment, výuka chemie na základní škole.