Pěstounská péče v Čechách na příkladu zemské porodnice a nalezince U Apolináře (1875 - 1938)
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2021-6-2
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Abstract
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá péčí o opuštěné děti, zejména pak o děti nemanželských matek, a způsobem, jakým byla praktikována, na příkladu zemské porodnice U Apolináře. Prá-ce nejprve nastiňuje obecný vývoj péče o nemanželské děti, vznik prvního ústavu tohoto druhu v Praze a dále se již soustředí na popsání vývoje pěstounské péče včetně legislativních pravidel, se zřetelem na zemskou porodnici. První možnost zaopatřování opuštěných dětí státem posky-tovala ústavní výchova, druhou pak venkovská pěstounská péče. Děti ze zemské porodnice a nalezince byly umisťovány do pěstounských rodin na venkov. V této práci se pokouším popsat pravidla a podmínky stanovené pro tuto péči, jak pro nemanželské matky, tak pro pěstounky. Velká část práce je věnována samotné zemské porodnici a jejímu vývoji v daném časovém ob-dobí. V poslední kapitolách se věnuji období po první světové válce a změnám v pravidlech pěstounské péče po vzniku samostatného Československa, až do vypuknutí 2. světové války.
The main focus of the bachelor thesis are abondoned children of mainly unmarried mothers and the ways of providing care in case of the regional maternity hospital U Apolináře. Initially, there will be outlined the general development of care for illegitimate children and the creation of the first institute of this kind in Prague. Followingly, there will be described the development of foster care including legislative rules of the previously mentioned maternity hospital. There have been two posibilities of care for abandoned children, institutional care and rural foster care. Children from the provincial maternity hospital and orphanage were placed with foster families in the countryside. I have attempted to describe rules and conditions established for the second type of care, especially for unmarried mothers and foster carers. A big part of the thesis deals with the regional maternity hospital itself and and its development in the given time period. The last chapters are dedicated to the period after the first World War and the changes in the foster care rules after the creation of the independent Czechoslovakia until the outbreak of World War II.
The main focus of the bachelor thesis are abondoned children of mainly unmarried mothers and the ways of providing care in case of the regional maternity hospital U Apolináře. Initially, there will be outlined the general development of care for illegitimate children and the creation of the first institute of this kind in Prague. Followingly, there will be described the development of foster care including legislative rules of the previously mentioned maternity hospital. There have been two posibilities of care for abandoned children, institutional care and rural foster care. Children from the provincial maternity hospital and orphanage were placed with foster families in the countryside. I have attempted to describe rules and conditions established for the second type of care, especially for unmarried mothers and foster carers. A big part of the thesis deals with the regional maternity hospital itself and and its development in the given time period. The last chapters are dedicated to the period after the first World War and the changes in the foster care rules after the creation of the independent Czechoslovakia until the outbreak of World War II.
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nemanželské děti, pěstounská péče, zemská porodnice U Apolináře, pěstounky, rodičky, poručníci, abandoned children, foster care, regional maternity hospital U Apolináře, foster carers, mothers, legal guardians