Deontic Modal verbs MUST and HAVE TO
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Bakalářská práce Modální slovesa must a have to v záhodnostní modalitě pojednává obecně o modálních slovesech, ale zejména se zaměřuje na modální slovesa must a have to, které v anglickém jazyce vyjadřují povinnost a nutnost. V teoretické části se práce soustředí na vysvětlení a vymezení modality, a sice modality jistotní a záhodnostní. Následně popisuje funkci must a have to v záhodnostní modalitě a srovnává ji s modalitou jistotní. Poslední část teoretické části se věnuje změně, která nastala během let v systému anglických modálních sloves. Kapitola se soustředí na modální slovesa must a have to, ale zároveň zahrnuje semi-modální sloveso need to, jelikož je sémanticky příbuzné k těmto modálním slovesům. Tato kapitola zahrnuje studie, které naznačují, že rozdíl v použití deontického must a have to se stírá a to zejména tak, že have to se začíná používat v kontextech dříve výlučných pro must, a tudíž frekvence modálního slovesa must v deontické modalitě klesá. Dále zkoumá, jak a proč tato změna nastala a jak se v dnešní době projevuje v mluveném, či písemném projevu. Cílem bakalářské práce je na zmíněný trend poukázat a ověřit ho na jazykovém materiálu beletrie. Praktická část tak analyzuje dva romány, Pride and Prejudice od Jane Austenové a Edenbrooke od Julianne Donaldson, a zaměřuje se na věty s modálními slovesy must, have to a need to v záhodnostní modalitě, jak v přímé řeči, tak v popisné části. Výsledky praktické části tak potvrzují tendenci úpadu modálního slovesa must v záhodnostní modalitě a poukazují tak na prosazování se have to a need to.
The bachelor thesis Deontic Modal Verbs MUST and HAVE TO deals with English modal verbs in general but mainly focuses on modal verbs must and have to, which express obligation and necessity in the English language. In the theoretical part, the thesis discusses the explanation and classification of modality, namely deontic and epistemic modalities. Afterwards, it describes the function of must and have to in a deontic sense and compares it with the epistemic modality. The last chapter is dedicated to the change of the English Modal system during the time. It focuses mainly on must and have to but includes the semi-modal need to at the same time since they are semantically related. This chapter contains the studies that indicate that the difference in using must and have to in the deontic sense fades away, mainly that have to is being used in earlier exclusive contexts for must, which means the frequency of deontic must declines. It also studies how and why this change has come and describes the consequences of contemporary spoken and written language. The aim of the thesis is to point to this trend and verify it based on the language material of the fiction. The practical part analysis two novels, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen and Edenbrooke by Julianne Donaldson, and focuses on sentences with the modal and semi-modal verbs must, have to, and need to in deontic sense in both direct speech and the descriptive part. The results of the practical part confirm the tendency of the declining deontic must and point to prevailing have to and need to.
The bachelor thesis Deontic Modal Verbs MUST and HAVE TO deals with English modal verbs in general but mainly focuses on modal verbs must and have to, which express obligation and necessity in the English language. In the theoretical part, the thesis discusses the explanation and classification of modality, namely deontic and epistemic modalities. Afterwards, it describes the function of must and have to in a deontic sense and compares it with the epistemic modality. The last chapter is dedicated to the change of the English Modal system during the time. It focuses mainly on must and have to but includes the semi-modal need to at the same time since they are semantically related. This chapter contains the studies that indicate that the difference in using must and have to in the deontic sense fades away, mainly that have to is being used in earlier exclusive contexts for must, which means the frequency of deontic must declines. It also studies how and why this change has come and describes the consequences of contemporary spoken and written language. The aim of the thesis is to point to this trend and verify it based on the language material of the fiction. The practical part analysis two novels, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen and Edenbrooke by Julianne Donaldson, and focuses on sentences with the modal and semi-modal verbs must, have to, and need to in deontic sense in both direct speech and the descriptive part. The results of the practical part confirm the tendency of the declining deontic must and point to prevailing have to and need to.
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modální slovesa, modalita, must, have to, need to, změna v jazyce, záhodnostní modalita, jistotní modalita, modal verbs, modality, must, have to, need to, change in the language, deontic modality, epistemic modality