Speciální kolektory pro elektrostatické zvlákňování
Title Alternative:Special collectors for electrospinning
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Abstract
During a relatively long existence of human on the Earth, his culture and religion are still developing. The human kind went through the Stone, Iron and also the Bronze Age. These periods always brought new knowledge and materials. The last several decades were marked as the time of polymer materials. These materials are widely used for everyday life. Nowadays it is obvious that it comes to miniaturization of facilities and the society goes through the time, which can be called without any doubts the time of nanotechnologies. Used facilities and machines are going through the development and acceleration of all important functions. We very often speak in terms of only several nanometres. A human learned through the new technological processes to operate the matter layout and through that create new materials which are very similar to the natural ones. The materials better meet required parameters and demands that are placed on them today. We are still looking for easier and more efficient ways of production. It leads to energy savings and to the development of new materials. Into this group obviously belong the nannomaterials. In the textile area the current development is mainly focused on the preparation of the fibres which reach the submicron averages. These fibres can be prepared either from the polymer solution or from the polymer melt. The technology of fibre production, which is closely described in my dissertation thesis, is related to the fibre production from polymer solution and it´s called electrospinning. . The terminology of electrospinning is derived from an English term, but the exact physical term for that should be the electric spinning, because during the spinning comes not only to static but even to dynamic effect like drawing and whipping of polymer jet. All these static and dynamic effects lead to the production of final fibres. Fibres prepared though this technology are very delicate and are rightfully considerate the material of the third millennium. The aim of the dissertation thesis is to influence the electrostatic field through the special collectors in the space between electrodes and by that influence the process of electrospinning by itself. I would like to suggest and produce a kind of collectors which enable the production of a nannofibre layer that can be mainly used for tissue engineering. My aim also is to design the materials suitable for example fort filtration and generally influence the structure of nannofibre layers so they refer to demands which are laid on them in a particular application. I introduce the photos of designed and produced collectors and complete them with analyses of nannofibre layers by the electron microscope and by the picture analyses. The thesis also contents the mathematic modelling of electric field with the aid of Comsol Multyphysic Programme for investigation of physical substance of electric field close to the special collectors. Electrically spinned layers are being tested on proliferation of cells in cooperation with the 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles university of Prague. The aim of the thesis is it to produce the summary of types of special collectors. I would like to show a wide range of possibilities to prepare unconventional nannofibre layers of various sheets mass, the ways to influence the average of nannofibres and also the possibility of production of patterned nannofibre layers. The collectors described in the thesis can be also used for industry production.