THE DEVELOPMENT OF STONE WASHING PROCESS FOR DENIM WITH ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS USING FOAM APPLICATION TECHNIQUE
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Date
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Publisher
Technical University of Liberec
Abstract
Denim fabrics are fabrics dyed with indigo dye. As the garments produced from denim fabrics are washed, the indigo dye is easily removed from the product. The color of the product is bleached by the transfer of the dye in the product to the washing environment, the solution. Since indigo dye is a dye that can be easily eroded, especially by physical and chemical methods; it is also known as 'living dye'. In the conventional washing processes of denim products, the solution is first contaminated when the indigo dye passes into the solution. The return of this unbound dye found in the solution to the product is called 'back dyeing'. The most contaminated parts in back dyed products are the white pockets, labels and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) applied parts of the product. Back dyeing occurs in the process called 'stone washing', where pumice stone is mostly used in wet processes. Pumice stone is a round and oval shaped stone with a rough surface collected from volcanoes. In order to obtain the desired appearance, the products are rotated in a wet environment in denim industrial washing machines with stones. Stones scrape off the dye particles from the surface of the dyed yarn and give the desired result. Stones can damage the garment and washing machine due to their high abrasion. They leave stone dust and residues on the garments and inside the pockets. This causes the addition of extra rinsing and manual pocket cleaning processes. The stone used as a physical abrasive melts after the abrasion effect and passes from the drain to the channel after a certain number of washes and becomes solid waste. By extending the abrasion feature of the stone, the physical waste rate left in the solution can be reduced. The dirt containing paint and stone waste coming out of the products after abrasion is carried to other products in the machine with the water in the solution. It causes the dirt to contaminate other products. For this purpose, physical abrasives that are not easy to melt and foam are combined in a water-free environment in the machine.
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Subject(s)
Denim, Foam, Stone, Back staining, Abrasion, Effecting
Citation
ISSN
1335-0617