Browsing by Author "Remeikienė, Rita"
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- ItemThe methodology of digital shadow economy estimation(Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-12-20) Gasparėnienė, Ligita; Bilan, Yuriy; Remeikienė, Rita; Ginevičius, Romualdas; Čepel, Martin; Ekonomická fakultaThe article introduces a new methodology of digital shadow economy estimation, which is based on the principles of the MIMIC method. This new methodology complements traditional methodologies of shadow economy estimation with such a component as digital shadow economy. Our analysis of the most popular today methods of shadow economic estimation proves that, despite some of its drawbacks, the MIMIC model can be treated as the most comprehensive and appropriate method for such calculations since it takes into account both causal and indicators of shadow economy. As the causal variables here, as applied to digital shadow economy, we use household access to the Internet and IT overall, the volume of non-cash payments and the use of most advanced financial instruments. While as the indicators of the digital shadow economy spread we use: the volume of non-cash payments at online platforms, the frequency of cryptocurrency payments, and the cost of parcels to which customs duties have not been applied. For further empirical verification of the model proposed here, numerical values of both causal variables and indicators would be necessary. Unfortunately, official statistical sources are unable to provide such data in full volume, especially when it comes to cryptocurrencies and other informal payments. Thus, in our further research we plan to not only prove the practical applicability of the offered here model for estimations of digital shadow economy size as well as overall size of shadow economy on the examples of particular countries, but also to accumulate the necessary statistics for such calculations.
- ItemUnemployment Effects of Greenfield and Brownfield Investments in Post-transition European Union Members(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Bayar, Yilmaz; Remeikienė, Rita; Žufan, Jan; Novotný, Miloslav; Ekonomická fakultaInternational direct and portfolio investments have gone up considerably as of mid-1980s. The foreign direct investments with characteristic of long term horizon may affect the economic variables through know-how and technology transfer, physical capital expansion, and new job creation. However, foreign direct investments may have potential to negatively affect the domestic competitors with insuffi cient competitiveness in the industry. So, the economic effects of FDI infl ows have been one of the much-debated and studied issues in the international economics. This study investigates the unemployment effects of greenfi eld and brownfi eld investments in 11 posttransition EU members over 2003–2017 period through panel cointegration and causality tests. The article fi lls the gap in the literature, because the relevant empirical literature has generally researched the impact of total FDI fl ows on the unemployment/employment. The empirical fi ndings revealed that brownfi eld investments raised the unemployment in overall panel in the long run, but greenfi eld investments had no signifi cant impacts on the unemployment in overall panel in the long run. However, greenfi eld investments decreased the unemployment in Croatia, Hungary, and Slovenia, and raised the unemployment in Poland and Slovakia, while brownfi eld investments raised the unemployment only in Czechia. Consequently, it is not very reasonable to compare our fi ndings with the results of other studies using total FDI infl ows as the independent variable. But, it is generally consistent with theoretical and empirical expectations.
- ItemYouth Unemployment and Self-employment: Trends and Perspectives(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Remeikienė, Rita; Žufan, Jan; Gasparėnienė, Ligita; Ginevičius, Romualdas; Ekonomická fakultaThe main aim of this article is to research the relationship between youth unemployment and self-employment in the EU and categorise particular EU countries as the countries with youth self-employment driven by push factors or pull factors. It has been revealed that statistically significant relationships between unemployment and self-employment among young people from the 28 EU countries, in only 7 countries have been identified. Of these, Greece, Italy and Cyprus, the unemployment rate among young people would decrease if national governments were to reduce unemployment through self-employment support measures. In other countries such as Germany, Sweden, the Czech Republic and Malta, it would be inappropriate to reduce unemployment through support for self-employment. In other EU countries, fighting youth unemployment requires addressing other labor market issues, such as the reluctance of businesses to employ unqualified or low-skilled young people, reducing the chances of reducing the tax burden when hiring young people, making flexible use of education opportunities with employment. The fact was confirmed that is inappropriate for all countries (in this case EU countries) to apply universal strategies to combat unemployment, because by means of theories and pilot studies on the establishment of statistically significant relationships, it is possible to avoid mistakes by directing support to the needs of target groups.