Browsing by Author "Klímová, Blanka"
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- ItemEconomic methods used in health technology assessment(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2018-03-29) Klímová, Blanka; Marešová, Petra; Ekonomická fakultaEarly decision-making process about the development of a new product is essential for any company in order to gain relevant financial returns and thus prosper. Therefore, managers need to have at their disposal appropriate assessment tools which assist them in their decisions about the development of the new product and guarantee that their product will generate a desirable profit. The purpose of this review focuses on the exploration of the methodology, commonly used in the economic evaluation as part of health technology assessment for medical devices. On the basis of the selected original studies, the authors summarize the main methods used in the decision-making processes about the development of new medical devices and discuss their benefits and limitations. The methods employed in this study include a method of literature search in the databases Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase, and a method of comparison and evaluation of the results. The findings of this study indicate that the most preferred methods used in the economic evaluations of medical device development are cost-utility analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. In addition, the Headroom Method is recommended to be used in the early assessment of the medical device development since it uses broader estimates of potential by determining the maximum reimbursable price of the new device. Selection of each method then depends on the research question, the condition of interest, and the availability of data on outcomes. There is an urgent need to conduct the early assessment of the medical device development in order to avoid negatively high costs and prevent a failure rate at each stage of the development process.
- ItemInternet use by the older adults in the Czech Republic(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Klímová, Blanka; Poulová, Petra; Šimonová, Ivana; Pražák, Pavel; Cierniak-Emerych, Anna; Ekonomická fakultaAgeing is becoming a big social issue nowadays. For example, in 2000 the percentage of older individuals aged 65+ years reached 12.4% worldwide. In 2030, this number should rise to 19% and in 2050 to 22%. Therefore, there is a need to prolong an active life of older people, especially by implementing non-pharmacological approaches. Current technological devices and services can assist them in this process. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the use of the Internet among older people in the Czech Republic with respect to their age. The key methods exploited in this study include a questionnaire survey, statistical processing of data collection, as well as evaluation of both empirical and theoretical findings on the research issue. The results indicate that the age is a decisive factor in the use of the Internet by seniors. In fact, the use of the Internet falls with the declining age with the breakthrough age 75+years. Generally, older people use the Internet for communication purposes with the help of e-mail, the most frequent ICT tool for this generation group. Nevertheless, the findings of this study show that the second most common reason for the use of the Internet is the Internet banking, followed by Skype communication and photo sharing. The results also suggest that older people should be trained in the use of the Internet since the training may help them overcome both psychological and social barriers, which represent the constraints in their use of the Internet. Furthermore, seniors could be divided into three basic age groups according to their special needs, which should be considered when designing new technological devices or services for these aging population groups, which could help them to enhance cognitive functions.
- ItemTreatment costs of Parkinson’s disease in Central Europe(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2016-09-23) Marešová, Petra; Klímová, Blanka; Vališ, Martin; Kuča, Kamil; Mohelská, Hana; Ekonomická fakultaThe aim of the study is to describe current values of direct costs of Parkinson’s disease in western and central Europe in comparison with other available data in order to illustrate the development of the treatment costs of Parkinson’s disease (PD) on the public sector. In this research study Drummond’s methodology is used for the specification of costs. The costs are divided into two categories. The first category consists of the costs of creation and running of health care program and these costs are perceived as the used sources. The costs are calculated on the basis of the reviews of the studies from the European countries, but also on the basis of authors’ own survey in the University Hospital of Hradec Kralove conducted among 510 patients in the period of 2011-to the third quarter of 2015. Within this study the direct costs among 510 patients at the University Hospital of Hradec Kralove were explored in the period of 2011- to the third quarter of 2015. These costs included neurological examination, CT screening, blood collection, hospitalization, and drugs. The total direct costs of patient per year reached 2,032 €. The survey showed that the underpinning of patients with PD was beneficial from the costs point of view because the costs on the outpatient care were much lower in comparison with the inpatient care. In addition, patients released from the hospital are usually transferred to the establishments with subsequent care, for example into hospices, because family care due to its complexity is impossible.