Browsing by Author "Kaščáková, Alena"
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- ItemMEASURES SUPPORTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SLOVAK SMES IN THE MOST VULNERABLE INDUSTRIES IN TIMES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Lesáková, Ľubica; Vinczeová, Miroslava; Kaščáková, Alena; Ekonomická fakultaThe anti-pandemic measures taken to prevent the spread of the coronavirus has slowed down the economic activities of many businesses. Particularly vulnerable are SMEs in industries hardest hit by the crisis. These are SMEs which, due to the nature of their activities, have seen their operations severely restricted or even had to shut down during the pandemic. Key to ensure their survival are government support measures. The aim of the paper is to find out whether there is a dependence between the industry in which SMEs operate and measures to support entrepreneurship in most vulnerable industries during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia and to assess whether the measures adopted by the government correspond to those proposed by SMEs in these industries. For the analysis, data from a survey conducted by the Slovak Business Agency in November 2020 on a sample of 1,109 Slovak SMEs were used. We identified the dependence of the above two characteristics, i.e., the industry and the support measures (distinguishing between measures implemented and measures proposed by SMEs) using the statistical analysis. To verify the correlation between the implemented measure and industry, the chi-squared test of independence was used. To determine whether the support measures adopted by the Slovak Government correspond to those proposed by SMEs, we used the correlation analysis, comparison and synthesis. The results confirmed no major differences between the type of industry and measures proposed by SMEs. Some minimal differences were identified in the most vulnerable industries (accommodation and catering). SMEs negatively assess that their views were not sufficiently taken into account when the measures were adopted by the Slovak Government and that they contain a number of exceptions and conditions under which the aid is provided. Irrespective of the type of industry, SMEs particularly call for the reduction or partial remission of levies, increase in the fixed cost allowance and in flat-rate aid calculated on the basis of the decrease in sales.
- ItemThe present status of sustainability concept implementation by businesses in selected industries in the Slovak Republic(Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-10-02) Marková, Viera; Lesníková, Petra; Kaščáková, Alena; Vinczeová, Miroslava; Ekonomická fakultaOn a macro level, a concept of sustainable development was first known in context of the larger societal development and the assurance of future generational needs. Nowadays many of individuals, companies, and other organizations are becoming aware of a need of another specific approach to living, manufacturing and doing business. The term of sustainable development has also increasingly been used on a micro level. For a business, these practices imply an effort to incorporate the social and environmental issues into the business model while simultaneously achieving long-term business growth and efficiency. The aim of the paper is, based on the analysis of sustainability concept implementation by businesses in selected industries, to identify the underlying motives and barriers to concept implementation in practice. The motives leading to sustainability concept implementation were found by means of comparison with foreign research. Another objective was to underline the most frequently used tools supporting business sustainability in particular areas and as a whole. By means of a hierarchical cluster analysis we provide a more comprehensive view of businesses´ approach to a sustainability concept. Through the objectives of this paper we have formulated six hypotheses. To verify the hypotheses we used the statistical method of analysis. By use of a questionnaire survey, we analyzed 455 businesses belonging to selected industries. The results indicated several options to improve the current state of sustainability implementation which would be beneficial for both businesses as well as the wider environment. The solution for the indicated problems, however, requires not only participation of the business sector but also the interaction of the state.
- ItemTIME ALLOCATION AND FEELINGS OF HAPPINESS OF SELF-EMPLOYED PERSONS – A GENDERED PERSPECTIVE(Technická univerzita v Liberci, Česká republika, 2021) Knapková, Miroslava; Martinkovičová, Miriam; Kaščáková, AlenaPríspevok sa zameriava na rozdelenie času samostatne zárobkovo činných osôb na platenú prácu (podnikanie), neplatenú prácu, voľný čas a ďalšie neprodukčné činnosti a ich prepojenie na pocity šťastia (ako súčasť subjektívneho wellbeingu – SWB). Na zber údajov o alokácii času a identifikáciu SWB bola použitá modifikovaná metodika Time Use Survey (TUS). Do analýzy bolo zaradených 13 skupín aktivít a 161 samostatne zárobkovo činných osôb. Výsledky naznačujú, že samostatne zárobkovo činní muži aj ženy venujú platenej práci (podnikaniu) viac ako 8 hodín denne. Medzi činnosti, počas ktorých sa najväčšia časť samostatne zárobkovo činných mužov a žien cíti najšťastnejšie, patria voľnočasové aktivity. Neplatená práca prináša najväčší pocit šťastia pre 12,5 % samostatne zárobkovo činných žien. Pocity šťastia samostatne zárobkovo činných žien vykazujú počas platenej práce väčšiu fluktuáciu ako pocity šťastia samostatne zárobkovo činných mužov. Vo večerných hodinách pocit šťastia samostatne zárobkovo činných žien výrazne klesá, čo môže byť spôsobené tzv. dvojitým bremenom žien.
- ItemUse of time in single-member households in Slovakia(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Knapková, Miroslava; Kaščáková, Alena; Ekonomická fakultaHouseholds represent one of the basic units in economy. In the last years, the increasing number of single-member households has become a significant issue in Slovakia. In 2011, ratio of single-member households was more than 25% in Slovakia (The 2011 Population and Housing Census in Slovakia). It is an interesting phenomenon influencing not only labor market (paid work), but also unpaid work activities (work performed in households) and spending of the leisure time. The aim of this study was to examine the time use of single-member households in Slovakia. We analyzed 301 single-member households and allocation of their daily time into 13 activities. To get information about the daily time use of persons, we used household member diary. Study offers unique data, based on the original field research on time use of Slovak households and individuals, which was conducted in 2017 by team of researchers from Faculty of Economics, Matej Bel University in Slovakia. Besides collecting data on time use, we also collected information about the attitudes and preferences of individuals concerning the paid work and unpaid work. Within the single-member households, we analyzed and compared specific groups of persons – men and women, and persons younger than 30 years of age and persons over 65 years of age. We found out, that young persons living alone spend significant part of their daily activities by paid work (almost 2 and half hours more than an average for person in multi-persons households). Men living alone spend significant part of their daily time in paid work and by sport and usage of modern technologies. Time use of persons over 65 years living alone pointed to problem of their social isolation and absence of education in this age group.