Browsing by Author "Hinke, Jana"
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- ItemCompetitiveness of Mutual Agrarian Foreign Trade of the Post-Soviet Countries(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Benešová, Irena; Smutka, Luboš; Hinke, Jana; Laputková, Adriana; Ekonomická fakultaThe paper is an analysis of foreign trade of the post-Soviet countries conducted for years 2000 and 2015. The aims of the research were thus twofold: to examine the bilateral trade scheme for the selected countries and to attempt to explore relations between competitiveness and thus the position of the agricultural commodity aggregates. The UN COMTRADE database was used. In the monitored countries, there is continuous growth of the commodity aggregate 0 – Food and live animals, which is strongly influenced by the commodity sub-aggregates 02 – Dairy products and bird eggs, S3-04 – Cereals and cereal preparations. The first phase entailed calculations of individual indicators of mutual trade (RCA, LFI, GLI and coverage of import). Subsequently, the indicators were used as input variables for further analyses. Using RCA and LFI indexes, the commodity aggregates were classified into 4 quadrants according to their position within the comparative advantage and competitiveness.
- ItemEstimation of international tax planning impact on corporate tax gap in the Czech Republic(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Moravec, Lukáš; Rohan, Jan; Hinke, Jana; Ekonomická fakultaThere are many studies focusing on VAT (value added tax) tax gap but very few relevant studies that deal with the corporate income tax loss. The studies vary particularly in their methodology, databases and interpretation. In the case of the Czech Republic the studies resulted in a range between CZK 57 billion tax gap and CZK 12.5 billion corporate tax revenue gain caused by the tax planning. The main aim of the paper is to calculate the corporate income tax efficiency rate for the Czech Republic and compare it with other member states. The indicator of corporate income tax efficiencyis important for the calculation of the tax revenue without profit shifting (RWS) indicator and then thesubsequent corporate income tax gap estimation for 2013-2015, which is the second goal of the paper. The RWS indicator gives an overview of the Czech Republic´s amount of loses/gains relating to the corporate tax base erosion and corporate profit shifting. In the case when the actual corporate income tax revenue takes a higher value than the revenue without profit shifting indicator the jurisdiction benefits from the profit shifting operations. The opposite situation results in tax revenue losses caused by profit shifting to other “more attractive” tax jurisdictions. Authors’ study re-estimation results in approximately CZK 9.404 billion tax gap caused by base erosion and profit shifting instead of 12.5 billion CZK that shows EPRS’s study for period 2013. The third aim of the paper is to deal with the difference between input data from Eurostat database and official data from General Financial Directorate.
- ItemHow does the effect of external financing on profitability differ across tiers? Evidence from the automotive supply chain(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Toušek, Zdeněk; Hinke, Jana; Gregor, Barbora; Prokop, Martin; Ekonomická fakultaDue to the importance of automotive industry for the Czech Republic (in a broader sense for European countries) and due to the unprecedented development of both national and European economies caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, also having implications on the financial sector, we aim to explore the main determinants of operating performance within the automotive supply chain. This study is based on the data sample composed of complete individual financial statements (audited if available) of firms conducting their business in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2018 and belonging to the automotive supply chain. This supply chain is defined as (sub) deliveries of the Czech automotive industry represented mainly by companies classified under NACE 22, 27, 25, 24. The hypothesis claiming that the investment and leverage-based variables are the important drivers of operating profitability was only partly confirmed (valid predominantly for Tier 3), which shows that the supply chain organization also plays a crucial role as well as (valid for Tier 1). Also, we have shown (illustrated) that the assumption of different capital structures among tiers is valid. The average overall indebtedness of Tier 3 is higher by approximately 50% (altogether, the short- and long-term leverage are higher by 40% and 62% respectively) than Tier 1 firms. The need for relatively high capital expenditures (applicable to Tier 1) and working capital investments (applicable to Tier 3) is partly facilitated by external funds reflected in the indebtedness, which is associated with the costs reducing overall low profits from these investments. The leverageprofitability relationship seems to be nonlinear for long-term debts contrary to short-term debts where the linear relationship prevails.
- ItemSectoral analysis of the differences in profitability of Czech and German business ventures – an empirical benchmark study(Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2018-03-29) Beyer, Dirk; Hinke, Jana; Ekonomická fakultaProfitability measures are a lens through which business can be viewed and they form a common basis for investment decisions. Especially in areas close to national borders, these decisions could be linked to the question on which side of the border a venture should be located in order to realise country-specific comparative advantages that make the investment more profitable. Differences in profitability between countries are driven by manifold aspects, including specific cost or revenue structures, financing patterns and conditions, as well as taxation. The aim of this study is to identify the driving factors behind differences in profitability of Czech and German firms on the basis of a comparative analysis. In this article, a two-step variance analysis is conducted. The first step focuses on the operational differences in RoA between Czech and German ventures, which is based on deeper analyses of the asset turnover and the profit margin. In the second step, the differences in RoE are analysed, considering influences from national taxation, conditions and patterns of financing and operations of the ventures. A model-based cumulative variance analysis quantifies the impacts of these underlying drivers of profitability with a comparative focus. For this reason, the average measures of these drivers from 2002 to 2014 – the longest time series available for both countries are extracted from the BACH database, which provides harmonised accounting information. This paper confirms the hypothesis that specific drivers of profitability differ significantly between the two countries in certain business sectors and would cause substantial differences in profitability. Due to the overlapping nature of these individual effects, they compensate each other to a great extent. The results provide useful benchmarks that a company´s management can use to increase its profitability tackling specific comparative (dis-)advantages between the Czech Republic and Germany.