Browsing by Author "Barták, Miroslav"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    The costs and reimbursements for lung cancer treatment among selected health care providers in the Czech Republic
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2014-09-04) Šimrová, Jana; Barták, Miroslav; Vojtíšek, Radovan; Rogalewicz, Vladimír; Ekonomická fakulta
    The objective of the article is to objectivise and assess the costs for the lung cancer therapy from the payer’s (health insurance company) and the healthcare provider’s (hospital) perspective based on information available from several large hospitals and specialised centres. No comprehensive assessment of costs related to the treatment of lung cancers at all stages has been published in the Czech Republic to-date. The results in this study are calculated based on diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms, i.e. process maps. These, in turn, are derived from the recommended therapeutic procedures issued by the Masaryk Institute of Oncology, the University Hospital in Hradec Králové and the University Hospital in Plzeň. In total, the costs and reimbursements were calculated for 32 utilized algorithms, i.e. process maps. The costs for therapeutic processes account for 22 results, while 10 results correspond to diagnostic processes. Both direct and indirect costs were included in individual calculations. The calculations imply that treatment costs significantly differ depending on the selected diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. It becomes apparent that the setting of the reimbursement system presently generates different stimuli for providers, who may reach both positive and negative balances. This fact, in turn, may have an effect on the economic result leading, in its consequence, to the preference of more suitable alternatives in terms of reimbursement regardless of the optimum procedures for the particular patient. This fact is, to a certain extent, reflected by the reimbursements calculated by means of the DRG system. The given algorithms may potentially be used by health care providers to reach working costs, which will allow accurate calculations for particular hospitals.
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    Effect of mass layoffs on health insurance expenditures: the case of the Ostrava region
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2018-03-29) Louda, Jiří; Vojáček, Ondřej; Pechholdová, Markéta; Barták, Miroslav; Ekonomická fakulta
    The objective of the paper is to make an analysis of the development of health insurance expenditures on healthcare for employees from the mass layoffs from ArcelorMittal Ostrava, a.s. The paper tests the hypothesis that closing down a large heavy industry plant in a structurally affected region will increase the risk of morbidity of the population being laid off, which will secondarily lead to increased healthcare expenditures in the form of ambulatory treatment or hospitalisation. The quantification of this hypothesis is based on a unique non-public data set provided by Česká průmyslová zdravotní pojišťovna, a. s., the chief insurance company for employees of ArcelorMittal Ostrava, a.s. The data set contains information about 2,265 insured persons. After some necessary methodological modifications, the analysed data set contained 1,408 insured persons. The relationship between unemployment and health, expressed here as morbidity by cause, is estimated using relative risk indicators. The calculation of the risk rates uses the person-year concept. The analysis carried out showed that the unemployed show 11% higher morbidity than the employed. We observed an increase in the morbidity of the unemployed by 21% for tumour diseases, 11% for mental illnesses, 23% for diseases related to alcohol, and 27% for other diseases. The annual costs per insured person at a productive age in the period 2008-2013 were CZK 15,081 without a differentiation by status. We found a significant difference between the annual costs of treatment of employed (CZK 13,420 a year) and unemployed persons (CZK 17,635 a year). The difference of CZK 4,215 means that the costs of treating the unemployed are 31% higher than those for treating the employed, being higher than the relative increase in the risk of disease. The conclusions confirm findings of published international studies.
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    Food prices, taxes, and obesity in Canada and its implications for food taxation
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2019-03-15) Clark, Stephen J.; Dittrich, Ludwig O.; Law, Stephen M.; Stará, Dana; Barták, Miroslav; Ekonomická fakulta
    An important health financing issue facing Canada and other OECD countries are the health consequences of obesity. Food group prices can be used to estimate the model if one is interested in a reduced form model of the determinants of obesity and nutrient prices should be used if one is interested in estimating a structural model of obesity that is more amenable to interpretation for policy purposes. The goal of the study is to introduce new nutrient price model and shows its superiority of food group model based on Canadian data Using available data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, food group prices, and constructed nutrient indexes, we confirm the superior performance of variations in nutrient prices compared to variations in food group prices to explain variations in the body mass index (BMI) of Canadians. Results for nutrients indicate that taxing fat and carbohydrates and subsidizing protein would reduce BMI. The implicit tax on fat from dairy supply management is one of the only nutrient-targeted taxes in Canada. In the alternate model, few food group price coefficients are statistically significant. We find that a tax on away-from-home food would reduce the BMI of Canadians. Currently, expenditure on restaurant meals is taxed at the federal level and at the provincial level in all provinces except Alberta and Saskatchewan. The proposed model may be also used for future discussion of the food taxation in other countries where food taxation is not used and the special taxation of restaurant food is not introduced.
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    Method for selecting expert groups and determining the importance of expertsjudgments for the purpose of managerial decision-making tasks in health system
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2015-06-03) Ivlev, Ilya; Kneppo, Peter; Barták, Miroslav; Ekonomická fakulta
    This work aims to develop a methodology for determining the qualitative composition of an expert group and the weighting factor regarding the importance of expert’s judgments for the purpose of participating in decision-making. It is based on the expert’s overall work experience, experience in solving tasks, level of education and scientifi c record, interest in solving the particular task, current position and awareness of how to solve the task. This study also considered the relevance of the expert’s knowledge and the overall self-evaluation concerning their total competence in solving the task. For the purpose of validating the methodology, 96 potential experts (physicians, biomedical engineers, radiological assistants, medical physicists, etc.) from 72 health facilities in the Czech Republic were interviewed through a web-based questionnaire. The calculation model that was selected was able to eliminate errors in estimating the proportionality of extreme values and reduces the impact of uncertainty in the experts’ overall self-evaluations concerning their total competence. A statistically signifi cant correlation was found between the complex weighting factor and the following characteristics: the expert’s experience in dealing with similar tasks (r = 0.512, p < 0.001), the expert’s theoretical background (awareness) and the relevance of the expert’s knowledge (r = 0.440, p < 0.001), the expert’s current position (r = 0.319, p = 0.002) and the level of his or her education and scientifi c record (r = 0.280, p = 0.007). The developed methodology may be especially useful in scientifi c and technological forecasting, medical and managerial decisionmaking, quality assessment and operational research.
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    The visit fees and its influence on overalL health expenditureS – the case of the Czech Republic
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-06-15) Clark, J. Stephen; Dittrich, Ludwig O.; Stará, Dana; Barták, Miroslav; Ekonomická fakulta
    The goal of the paper is to develop a simple demand model of health care services that can explain why the demand for health care services, and hence overall expenditures on health care, can rise with the introduction of visit fees based on real data available publicly in the Czech Republic. One of the most common problems with the costs of health care systems around the world is that they tend to increase expenditures at a rate that is greater than the rate of inflation. This has led to the introduction of visit fees by governments and/or public, private health care facilities and other health care providers. These fees are meant to rationalize the use of the health care system and slow the growth of health care expenditures. The Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic introduced from 1. January 2008 visit fees as a way to slow the growth of health care expenditures. On the contrary, total health care expenditures increased after the introduction of visit fees. A model of visits and visit intensity is developed, where visits and visit intensity are substitutes. The model shows that the demand for health care services will increase with an increase in the price of visits when the cross price elasticity of demand for visit intensity outweighs the own price elasticity of visits. The fees were abolished with the exception of fee for emergency room visit from 2015. The introduction of a visit fee is a counterproductive rationing device for health care services if it rations a component of overall health care services with a low own price elasticity of demand without rationing a substitute variable (visit intensity) with a higher cross elasticity of demand. Thus, the introduction of a visit fee may induce a sense of entitlement for further health care services per visit on the part of consumers, leading to an increase in overall health care expenditures.