Browsing by Author "Štreimikienė, Dalia"

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    Cointegration Analysis of the World’s Sugar Market: The Existence of the Long-term Equilibrium
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Kuzmenko, Elena; Smutka, Luboš; Strielkowski, Wadim; Štreimikis, Justas; Štreimikienė, Dalia; Ekonomická fakulta
    This paper addresses the issue of interconnection among major sugar markets and commodity/exchange stocks in different parts of the world using the Johansen cointegration approach and vector error correction model. Due to a high degree of sugar market fragmentation and corresponding diversity in price levels and its volatility in different regions, the results of our analysis sheds some light on the very fact of a ‘single’ global sugar market existence and can be important not just with regard to producers and buyers of sugar but for the international investors as well, both in the light of risk governance and maximizing profitability. Using the evaluation of the extent of connection among regional sugar markets, one can assess potential benefits available to investors through international diversification between the analyzed markets. Our analysis has revealed the presence of mutual interaction among the selected sugar markets/commodity stock exchanges in individual regions and confirmed the long-term equilibrium among them. Therefore, despite an obvious diversity in price level and their fluctuations in different world regions, the selected for the analysis regional sugar markets are acting together as a single organism. The determining of the extent to which the analyzed sugar markets are interconnected have significantly strengthen the understanding of the latest sugar price developmental trends. In addition, the results of this study opened space and mapped out clear objectives and measurable targets for potential research – to reveal what markets can be referred to as leading ones in a sense that namely they primarily serve as a source of price turbulence. In summary, our results revealed and confirmed the long-term equilibrium among them and the outcomes of this study opened the new research realms and identified the clear and measurable targets for the future empirical research in this field.
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    Comparative assessment of external costs and pollution taxes in Baltic States, Czech Republic and Slovakia
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2016-12-05) Štreimikienė, Dalia; Ališauskaitė-Šeškienė, Ilona; Ekonomická fakulta
    External costs are the main market failure. Pollution taxes and other flexible market instruments are applied to internalise external costs of atmospheric emissions. Subsidies to renewable energy technologies in the form of Feed-in prices are also applied to internalize positive external benefits associated with use of renewable energy sources for energy generation as these technologies have lower life-cycle emissions of classical pollutants and GHG emissions in comparison with fossil fuel based energy generation technologies. The paper reviews and compares external costs of atmospheric pollution and pollution taxes in Baltic States, Czech Republic and Slovakia and assesses the level of internalization of external costs and their impact on atmospheric emissions of classical pollutants in these countries. The literature review allows generalizing results of external costs assessment and their internalization issues. The paper analyses and compares external costs of atmospheric pollution in Baltic States, Czech Republic and Slovakia together with atmospheric pollution taxes and other policy measures used to internalise external costs of atmospheric pollution in Baltic States and Czech Republic and Slovakia. The analysis of trends of atmospheric pollution by classical pollutants in Baltic States and Czech Republic and Slovakia is provided and policy recommendations based on the main findings of analysis conducted were developed.
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    Demographic, social and organizational characteristics on the levels of mobbing and single cases of harassment: the multicomplex approach
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-10-02) Vveinhardt, Jolita; Štreimikienė, Dalia; Ekonomická fakulta
    The article deals with demographic, social and organizational characteristics of mobbing and single cases of harassment. Many papers analyze these characteristics separately. However, according to the authors of this article, it is necessary to evaluate a wide context of workplace mobbing and single cases of harassment to determine the factors affecting the occurrence of the phenomenon. The multi-complex approach to the influencing conditions is necessary for corporate managers, making preventive and intervention decisions. The research was carried out using the validated questionnaire “The occurrence of mobbing and single cases of harassment in relations between employees” in the private and public sector organizations of Lithuania. 1,231 respondents, who experienced violence in mutual relations, were surveyed. 867 employees distinguished from the respondents experienced mobbing, and 364 employees experienced single cases of harassment. The results of this research explain the spread of mobbing and single cases of harassment in organizations of different sizes and types, its dynamism. They also allow showing that the unmanaged process has a tendency to intensify over time. Two largest risk zones of mobbing and single cases of harassment related to the age and length of service have been highlighted: the first and largest one is a start of professional career; the second is the pre-retirement age. Marital status doesn’t have any statistically significant influence on becoming a victim of mobbing and single cases of harassment, although a slightly higher number of victims, who are divorced or haven’t created a family, were found. The relationship between the size of the organization and the occurrence of mobbing and single cases of harassment was found. The position of the victim of harassment and mobbing in the organization is conditioned by systemic causes related to internal conditions determined by the organizational policy. The article presents only a part of the research results. This part of the research allows the formation of socio-demographic view of the victim of mobbing and single cases of harassment in the organization, distinguishing the influencing factors under individual characteristics. The research was conducted only in one country, so the data should be tested by the cases of other countries.
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    GREEN GROWTH AND USE OF EU STRUCTURAL FUNDS IN BALTIC STATES, CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Štreimikienė, Dalia; Mikalauskienė, Asta; Ekonomická fakulta
    Green growth is resource-effi cient, cleaner economic growth and more resilient growth without slowing it. “Green growth’’ not only affects the quality of growth, but overall production. In this case, growth results from the investment in the upgrading of the entire production system to environmental and resource-saving processes and products. A prototype of this phenomenon is the climate-friendly ‘‘low-carbon economy.’’ Green growth is expected in implementation of Europe 2020 stratgey and can provide to harminized development and cohesion of old and new EU member states. Europe 2020 is the EU’s growth stratgey based on the growth of smart, sustainable and inclusive economy. The comparative study of green growth indicators and use of EU Structural Funds in 2007–2013 period in Baltics and Czech Republic and Slovakia was performed with the aim to defi ne the role of fi nancing from EU Structural Funds for enhancement of green growth in Baltic States, Czech Republic and Slovakia. The performed comparative assessment revealed that Czech Republic allocated the highest share of means form EU Structural Funds to enhance green growth. In terms of development of green growth indicators Czech Republic is also among the best performing countries following Estonia. The analysis of the use of EU Structural Funds in 2007–2013 in fi ve new EU member states indicated that the EU Structural Funds has positively infl uenced the development of RES in Baltic States, Czech Republic and Slovakia. The increase of renewable energy capacities in Baltic States, Czech Republic and Slovakia also contributed to the reduction of carbon intensity of economy, reduction of environmental pollution, climate change mitigation and energy import dependency.
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    Impact of environmental taxes on sustainable energy development in baltic states, Czech republic and Slovakia
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2015-12-01) Štreimikienė, Dalia; Ekonomická fakulta
    Environmental taxes have direct impact on sustainable energy development as energy production and consumption is the major source of GHG and classical pollutants emissions. There are number of EU member states which are using environmental pollution taxes as the main economic instrument of atmospheric air pollution reduction. The energy sector is the main source of atmospheric pollution therefore environmental taxes should have direct impact on sustainable energy development as these taxes create incentives to reduce consumption of fossil fuels and to switch to renewables and cleaner fossil fuels such as natural gas. The comparative study of environmental taxes and indicators of sustainable energy sector development in Baltics and Czech Republic and Slovakia was performed to assess what role environmental taxes are playing in achieving sustainable energy development in selected new EU member states.Analysis of environmental taxes in three Baltic States and Czech Republic indicated quite different energy and pollution tax rates as well as quite large differences in the share of environmental tax revenues as percentages of GDP in these countries. Estonia distinguishes with the best results in greening environmental tax system and one of the best results in achieving sustainable energy development targets. Latvia has one of the lowest share of environmental taxes as percentage of GDP and has very high shares of renewables in electricity generation and in final energy consumption however it is more related with favourable climate conditions and well developed hydro power plants.
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    The Impact of Social Media on Sales Promotion in Entertainment Companies
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, ) Štreimikienė, Dalia; Mikalauskienė, Asta; Sturienė, Urtė; Kyriakopoulos, Grigorios L.; Ekonomická fakulta
    Social networks including various social media are one of the main online marketing tools that help to achieve marketing aims of the company. Most of social media overlap and have more than one characteristic, aim or purpose. It should be noted that interaction, user-friendliness, openness, freedom and real time are the main features of all social media. When starting to discuss sales promotion of a company on social media, the concept of social commerce becomes inevitable. Taking into account current trend of expansion of internet marketing because it unites the biggest number of users and has the means to implement different aims of the companies, it is necessary explore the impact of social media on sales growth in specific sectors. The paper analyses the impact of social media for sales promotion in entertainment sector. During the quantitative research, 385 respondents were surveyed. The questionnaire of the quantitative research has been prepared based on the marketing communication model for social media used by entertainment companies. The questionnaire included closed type of questions, most of them are provided in Likert scale. The empirical study found that elements (promotion of sales increase; brand strengthening), maintaining connections with present and potential company’s clients that are used by the entertainment companies on social media help to promote sales with users’ engagement. Regular communication of entertainment companies on social media has a positive impact on sales, because users tend to follow such type of accounts actively. The study emphasised the main elements to be applied by the entertainment companies using social media. Therefore, the regular communication and use of influencers are highly recommended for sales promotion of companies. It is also important to stress that companies are advised to communicate regularly, as regularity in communication is one of the most important drivers of sales promotion.
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    Influence of employees evaluation on organisational learning at leisure & sports clubs
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2015-09-04) Jasinskas, Edmundas; Štreimikienė, Dalia; Simanavičius, Biruta; Švagždienė, Artūras; Ekonomická fakulta
    Every organisation including leisure & sports clubs reach for their goals. People working at the organisation have to ensure the goals set were reached, and in order to control this process properly the evaluation of employees’ activity is necessary.The importance of employees’ evaluation function for welfare of organisation is evident, however it would be much more important, if together with evaluation of employees, the purposeful learning of both individual employees and entire organisation would also be increased. Evaluation of employees is significant for the results of organisation, for evaluation of knowledge available and for learning from the experience, undoubtedly, the motivation of learning is related to incentive of employees’ evaluation too. Thus it may be stated, that evaluation of employees is an important incentive instrument for learning of employee as well as organisation. This instrument must be constantly improved since only in such a case the evaluation of employees’ activity will be useful for the employee and organisation itself in enhancement of different level learning and competitive ability.It is assumed in the article that team methods of employees’ evaluation at leisure & sports clubs of Alytus city more affect the characteristics of learning organisation features than individual methods of employees’ evaluation. Such tendency indicates that applying only individual evaluation methods the organisation does not initiate the employees to share their knowledge with other organisation members, thereby decreases common learning of whole organisation.
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    The intensity of the expression of mobbing in employees’ relations at lithuanian organizations
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2015-12-01) Vveinhardt, Jolita; Štreimikienė, Dalia; Ekonomická fakulta
    The authors presents general review of the literature, presents the results of the empirical research on the expression intensity of mobbing in employees’ relations in organizations. The expression of mobbing in employees’ relations has been identified in the organizations of different activity type. The expression of mobbing in employees’ relations has been identified in the organizations of different activity type. When comparing organizations of private and public sectors, the tendency that the expression of mobbing is more intensive in the private sector, especially in economical activities of agriculture and mining as well as querying, manifests. The hypothesis that mobbing is not only psychological but also managerial problem has been confirmed; it is more relevant for organizations of the private sector in Lithuania. This is influenced by poorly developed management culture and the lack of managerial knowledge, which is characteristic for management personnel. Lithuania as well as other post-Soviet countries has not performed the researches on mobbing phenomenon broadly and deeply by emphasizing managerial reasons of the phenomenon. The researches on mobbing disclose the ‘sensitive’ areas, which influence the internal climate of national capital’s organizations, the development of their competitiveness and the improvement of the corporate country investment climate. The originality of this research is presupposed not only by the fact that the situation in private and public sectors has been surveyed but also that it has been tried to identify the spread of mobbing among different fields of professional activity. In the case of this research 21 fields of professional activity have been included. During the research higher than medium expression of mobbing has been identified in the field of people health care and social work, which consist of the organizations of both public and private capital (in which more significant mobbing intensity has been identified) in Lithuanian context. It would be relevant to elaborate the research in striving to disclose differences in the culture of organizations’ management.
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    Karachi inter-bank offered rate (kibor) forecasting: Box-jenkins (arima) testing approach
    (Technical university of Liberec, Czech Republic, 2017-06-15) Ahmed, Rizwan Raheem; Vveinhardt, Jolita; Ahmad, Nawaz; Štreimikienė, Dalia; Ekonomická fakulta
    The aim of this paper is to find out the forecasting model that is the one, which gives the best output of forecasting. So that policy makers can be benefited from this research. Thus, this research will also evaluate the performance of ARMA, and Box-Jenkins (ARIMA) forecasting models for KIBOR in case of Pakistan. Karachi Inter Bank Offer Rates (KIBOR) is the average interest rate at which banks want to lend money to other banks. KIBOR as a benchmark, to encourage transparency, to promote consistency in market based pricing and to improve management of the market risk undertaken by banks. Researchers have used 6-month rates of KIBOR; data is of 4 years from 2012 to 2015. Therefore, keeping in view of the importance of KIBOR, the objective of this research is to forecast, Karachi Inter Bank Offer Rates (KIBOR) using time series autoregressive moving average (ARMA), Box-Jenkins (ARIMA) model. The study is significant at 1%, the forecasting of rates shows that the rates are very close to the actual one and it further concluded that the applied model Box-Jenkins (ARIMA) is perfect for the forecasting. The results of AIC revealed that there is no evidence of autocorrelation and there is no sample error and the model is useful and robust. It is finally concluded that the forecasting of KIBOR rates by ARIMA (Box-Jenkins) model is very helpful for policy makers. The results extracted from this model are reliable for making any forecasting and also beneficial for government functionaries, financial experts and policy makers of financial institutions in order to device their future strategies.
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    Quality evaluation of internet websites which represents the lithuanian basketball through consumers approach
    (Technická Univerzita v Liberci, 2018-06-28) Ūsas, Antanas; Jasinskas, Edmundas; Štreimikienė, Dalia; Švagždienė, Biruta; Simanavičius, Artūras; Ekonomická fakulta
    The information technology area is one of the fastest expanding and most customizable in daily activities. In 2015, 68% Lithuanian households had personal computers and internet access at home. The modern business is moving to virtual space. The exchange of business area develops a need to managerial decisions in a virtual space. All of the e-business areas have one main element – website. In Lithuanian basketball websites carried out aid communication, information dissemination, representation, sales features. Web site can serve as a key platform to help organizations deal with clients (Gonzalez et al., 2015). The Organization Web site becomes the face of organization and represent in cyberspace. Because of large number of websites and the competition, aspect of quality becomes increasingly important. Main questions are: in what consumers pay attention? How they understand the benefits of the website? What kind of emotional state caused by the Web site? Analyzing techniques of websites evaluation three different groups were separated – quality, usability and satisfaction. The best technique – quality, which is the most universal and informative defining with other techniques. The quality of internet websites which represented the Lithuanian basketball satisfies the needs of consumers. The emotion which was experienced during the research was statistically insignificant influence but emotions experienced the last surfing minutes have statistically significant influence. Users, who had experienced positive emotions in the end of surfing, tend to evaluate better the internet website. It is important for organizations to manage their internet website that visitors leave it with positive emotions.