| Autor | X.Q. Koh | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | A. Sng | |
| Autor | J.Y. Chee | |
| Autor | A. Sadovoy | |
| Autor | P. Luo | |
| Autor | D. Daniel | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-16 | |
| Abstrakt | We evaluate the outward and inward protection efficiencies of different mask types (N95, surgical and two cloth mask designs) taking into account the imperfect fit on the wearer. To this end, we built a manikin to simulate exhaling, coughing and inhaling of aerosol droplets 0.3– in diameters. The protection efficiencies depend on many factors, including the droplet size, the mask fit and the presence of a filter layer. Here, we show that cloth and surgical masks with a non-woven filter layer can achieve a combined outward and inward protection efficiencies between 50% and 90%. Removing the filter layer greatly reduces the protection efficiency to below 20% for the smallest droplet size. While a well-fitted N95 masks offer protection efficiency close to 100%, a poorly fitted N95 mask with gaps offers less protection than a well-fitted surgical/cloth mask with filter layer. We also found that double masking—the wearing of cloth mask on top of a surgical mask—offers little to no additional protection as compared to a single cloth/surgical mask. The results of our work can inform the implementation of mask mandates to minimize airborne transmissions of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). | |
| Publikace | Journal of Aerosol Science | |
| Ročník | 160 | |
| Rozsah | 105905 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105905 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/U523Q7NM | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:07 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:37:22 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Augustin Charvet | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Nathalie Bardin-Monnier | |
| Autor | Dominique Thomas | |
| Autor | Olivier Dufaud | |
| Autor | Marielle Pfrimmer | |
| Autor | Mathieu Barrault | |
| Autor | Soleiman Bourrous | |
| Autor | Victor Mocho | |
| Autor | François-Xavier Ouf | |
| Autor | Stéphane Poirier | |
| Autor | Laurence Jeanmichel | |
| Autor | César Segovia | |
| Autor | Daniel Ferry | |
| Autor | Olivier Grauby | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-16 | |
| Abstrakt | The tension on the supply of surgical and FFP2 masks during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic leads to study the potential reuse of these masks. As washing is easily adaptable at home, this treatment solution was retained. In this work, thirty-six references of surgical masks and four FFP2 masks were tested without being worn or washed and after several washing cycles. The results highlighted a great heterogeneity of performances depending on the mask trademarks, both for surgical masks and FFP2. The quality of the meltblown and spunbond layers and the presence/absence of electrostatic charges at the fiber surface are put forward to explain the variability of results, both on differential pressures and filtration efficiencies. The differential pressure and the particle filtration efficiency of the washed masks were maintained up to 10 washing cycles and met the standard requirements. However, an immersion in water with a detergent induces an efficiency decrease for submicronic particles. This lower performance, constant after the first washing cycle, can be explained by the loss of electrostatic charges during the washing cycle. The modifications of surface properties after washing also lead to a loss of the hydrophobic behavior of type IIR surgical masks, which can therefore no more be considered as resistant to blood projections. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 15:05:17 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Aerosol Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 160 | |
| Rozsah | 105914 | |
| ISSN | 0021-8502 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Aerosol Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105914 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K6YBQ2BA | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 15:05:17 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 15:05:35 |
| Autor | Nikhil Avinash Patil | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Prakash Macchindra Gore | |
| Autor | Dhivya Shanmugrajan | |
| Autor | Harshal Patil | |
| Autor | Mahesh Kudav | |
| Autor | Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-10 | |
| Abstrakt | The worldwide outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection has necessitated mandatory use of face masks, personal protective equipment and intake of a healthy diet for immunity boosting. As per WHO's recommendation, continuous use of masks has been proven effective in decreasing the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate. The present study reports on the bacterial filtration efficacy (BFE) of a novel 4-ply functionalized non-woven face mask. We synthesized a polypropylene-based fabric with inner layers of melt-blown fine fibres coated with polylactic acid and immune-boosting herbal phytochemicals. Experimental studies on the synthesized face mask demonstrated a BFE of greater than 99% against Staphylococcus aureus (a bacterium species frequently found in mammalian respiratory tract). A thorough computational analysis using LibDock algorithm demonstrated an effective docking performance of herbal phytochemicals against harmful virus structures. More importantly, the face mask also showed sufficient and stable breathability as per regulatory standards. A breathing resistance of 30 Pa at an aerosol flow rate of 30 l h−1 was reported under standard temperature and pressure conditions, indicating a high potential for real-world applications. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:14:03 | |
| Publikace | Interface Focus | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 20210040 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Royal Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | royalsocietypublishing.org (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0040 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZRCKCQLB | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 14:14:03 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:25:10 |
| Autor | Charles Freeman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Reuben Burch | |
| Autor | Catherine Black | |
| Autor | Lesley Strawderman | |
| Autor | Jaime Rickert | |
| Autor | John Wilson | |
| Autor | David Saucier | |
| Autor | Brian Smith | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Non-medical fabric masks, recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization, are available in various fabrics. There is limited research on the overall effectiveness of fabrics used to make masks. The purpose of this study was to assess fabrics commonly used in non-medical masks against their ability to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 based on the size and throughput of aerosols and particles (<1 μ μ<math display="inline" id="mml-math1-00405175211046056" overflow="scroll" altimg="eq-00001.gif"><mi mathvariant="normal"> </mi><mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi></math>m). Seven different fabrics were evaluated on filtration efficiency (FE), differential pressure (dP), and filtration quality (Q factor). Results indicate <16% FE against particles the size of COVID-19, dP <0.51 in w.c., and Q factor <0.004 Pa−1. FE results are lower than previously reported research with dP and Q factors within international guidelines. Using non-medical fabric masks as the sole mitigation strategy is not effective. It is critical to combine non-medical fabric masks with physical distancing to slow the spread of COVID-19 further. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:32:25 | |
| Publikace | Textile Research Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 00405175211046056 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd STM | |
| ISSN | 0040-5175 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Textile Research Journal | |
| DOI | 10.1177/00405175211046056 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/E5B5BDUU | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:08 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:33:08 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Alberto Tuñón-Molina | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kazuo Takayama | |
| Autor | Elrashdy M. Redwan | |
| Autor | Vladimir N. Uversky | |
| Autor | Juan Andrés | |
| Autor | Ángel Serrano-Aroca | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Management of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has relied in part on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Face masks, as a representative example of PPE, have made a particularly significant contribution. However, most commonly used face masks are made of materials lacking inactivation properties against either SARS-CoV-2 or multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals wearing masks can still infect others due to viable microbial loads escaping from the masks. Moreover, microbial contact transmission can occur by touching the mask, and the discarded masks are an increasing source of contaminated biological waste and a serious environmental threat. For this reason, during the current pandemic, many researchers have worked to develop face masks made of advanced materials with intrinsic antimicrobial, self-cleaning, reusable, and/or biodegradable properties, thereby providing extra protection against pathogens in a sustainable manner. To overview this segment of the remarkable efforts against COVID-19, this review describes the different types of commercialized face masks, their main fabrication methods and treatments, and the progress achieved in face mask development. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 15:02:51 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces | |
| Krátký název | Protective Face Masks | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 48 | |
| Rozsah | 56725-56751 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 1944-8244 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsami.1c12227 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/39CTNWT7 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 15:02:51 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 15:03:02 |
| Autor | Khaled Al-hadyan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ghazi A. Alsbeih | |
| Autor | Najla M. Al-Harbi | |
| Autor | Sara S. Bin Judia | |
| Autor | Maha M. Al-Ghamdi | |
| Autor | Salem M. Al-Ghamdi | |
| Autor | Belal A. Moftah | |
| Autor | Rashed S. Alhmaid | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Wearing face masks have been implemented as a public and personal health control measure against the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the protection level of non-medical face masks, such as women face veils, is still uncertain. This study aimed to assess the filtration efficiency (FE) of different type of medical masks (either as sealed or unsealed, single or doubled), non-medical masks (cloth masks) and face veils. FE of face masks was evaluated using an in-house 3D-printed air duct connected to the Aerotrak particle counter with a capability of counting particle sizes of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2 and 5 µm. A set of 10 earloop surgical masks,10 tie-on surgical masks, 3 triple layers reusable cloth masks and 3 types (short, medium and long) of traditional face veils were included in the study. The unsealed surgical masks showed intermediate FE (36.54-80.58%), with no observed differences between tie-on and earloop or single and doubled masks. The means FE values, for each particle size, of sealed surgical masks (FE=99.16-100.00%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the unsealed ones. No significant difference was observed in the mean FE values between unsealed surgical masks and either cloth masks (FE=23.19-75.35%, P= 0.26) or face veils (FE=19.10-70.68%, P=0.14). However, wearing a surgical mask under the face veil significantly improve the FE (33.73-79.18%; P<0.001). We conclude that beside sealed surgical masks that ensure optimal filteration, the unsealed surgical and cloth masks and face veils showed comparable performance and acceptable protection at the 5 µm particle size which is the most relevant to COVID-19 infectious droplets. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:14:16 | |
| Publikace | Kuwait Journal of Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2021 | |
| ISSN | 2307-4116 | |
| Katalog knihovny | journalskuwait.org | |
| DOI | 10.48129/kjs.splcov.13629 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UYZ89FR7 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 14:14:16 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:24:26 |
| Autor | M. Suekawa | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Y. Hashizume | |
| Autor | S. Tanoue | |
| Autor | H. Uematsu | |
| Autor | Y. Yamashita | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-02 | |
| Abstrakt | To reduce skin irritation and allergic symptoms caused by long-term mask use, we produced a mask with a filter effect by laminating nanofibers on habutae silk fabric, a specialty of Japan’s Fukui Prefecture, using the electrospinning method. We investigated the filter characteristics of silk fabrics with different weave structures (habutae, flat crepe, and twill). We found that woven fabrics alone could not sufficiently block particles finer than 1 μm, even when the fabric layers were overlapped. Therefore, we had a nanofiber filter layer fabricated on the surface of habutae fabric by the electrospinning method at a weight of 1 g/m2. The nanofibers removed more than 94% of 0.3 μm-particles, which are similar to the size of virus particles. However, the nanofiber layer was so dense that it caused an increase in pressure drop, so we made the nanofiber layer thinner and fabricated the filter on the surface of the habutae fabric at 0.5 g/m2. A three-dimensional mask consisting of two woven fabrics, one with a nanofiber layer on the inside and the other with a normal woven fabric without a nanofiber layer on the outside, was fabricated and tested on 95 subjects. The subjects reported that the nanofiber habutae masks were more comfortable than nonwoven masks. Moreover, the silk woven masks did not cause allergic symptoms such as skin irritation. | |
| Publikace | Materials | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 23 | |
| Rozsah | 7391 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ma14237391 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MV8JQ55Z | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:07 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:35:12 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Vahid Babaahmadi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hooman Amid | |
| Autor | Mohammadreza Naeimirad | |
| Autor | Seeram Ramakrishna | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Providing the greater public with the current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines is time-consuming and research-intensive; intermediately, some essential ways to reduce the transmission include social distancing, personal hygiene, testing, contact tracing, and universal masking. The data suggests that universal masking, especially using multilayer surgical face masks, offers a powerful efficacy for indoor places. These layers have different functions including antiviral/antibacterial, fluid barrier, particulate and bacterial filtration, and fit and comfort. However, universal masking poses a serious environmental threat since billions of them are disposed on a daily basis; the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has put such demands and consequences in perspective. This review focuses on surgical face mask structures and classifications, their impact on our environment, some of their desirable functionalities, and the recent developments around their biodegradability. The authors believe that this review provides an insight into the fabrication and deployment of effective surgical face masks, and it discusses the utilization of multifunctional structures along with biodegradable materials to deal with future demands in a more eco-friendly fashion. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | |
| Publikace | Science of the Total Environment | |
| Krátký název | Biodegradable and multifunctional surgical face masks | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 798 | |
| Rozsah | 149233 | |
| Extra | Place: Amsterdam Publisher: Elsevier WOS:000701748100013 | |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sci. Total Environ. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149233 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/I8EGYMR4 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:50:43 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:33:30 |
| Autor | J. Shi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | H. Li | |
| Autor | F. Xu | |
| Autor | X. Tao | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has aroused tremendous attention toward personal protective equipment (PPE) in both scientific research and industrial manufacture. Despite decades of development in PPE design and fabrication, there's still much room for further optimization, in terms, of both protection performance and wear comfort. Interdisciplinary efforts have been devoted to this research field in recent years. Significantly, the innovation of materials, which brings about improved performance and versatile new functions for PPEs, has been widely adopted in PPE design. In this minireview, recent progress in the development of novel materials and structural designs for PPE application are presented in detail with the introduction of various material-based strategies for different PPE types, as well as the examples, which apply auxiliary components into face masks to enrich the functionalities and improve the personal feelings in the pandemic period. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:22:44 | |
| Publikace | Materials Today Advances | |
| Krátký název | Materials in advanced design of personal protective equipment | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 100171 | |
| ISSN | 2590-0498 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials Today Advances | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100171 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VXHQW2K5 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:50:43 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:33:07 |
| Autor | Cédric Van Goethem | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Daan Op de Beeck | |
| Autor | Ayesha Ilyas | |
| Autor | Marloes Thijs | |
| Autor | Guy Koeckelberghs | |
| Autor | Peter E. M. Aerts | |
| Autor | Ivo F. J. Vankelecom | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increased demand for air-filtration based personal protective equipment. Existing filter masks are mostly based on melt-blow fabrics, which had production upscaling issues because of long lead-times for additional production equipment and the limited number of polymer materials that can be used. Phase inversion is a readily scalable technique for the production of porous films and is compatible with a large number of polymers. As such, the potential for phase inversion to produce comparable air-filtration masks, and filters in general, was herein investigated. Polymer solutions based on various PVDF-types, solvents and additives were prepared and cast onto a widely available industrial type of supporting fabric. From the various solvents and additives tested, only DMF and Tamisolve® NxG-based solutions with LiCl as an additive resulted in filters with suitable pore size and acceptable pore size distribution. The effects of polymer and additive concentration were investigated through SEM-based observation of the pore size and pore size distribution analysis via porometry. As expected, phase inversion proved to be a versatile tool to tune and control the pore size. Porometry-based comparison of the produced filters with a commercial surgical and FFP2-mask showed that comparable pore sizes could be easily obtained. The best membranes were tested for aerosol retention, proving them to be highly promising alternative materials for current masks and air filters in more general. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:38:57 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Membrane Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 639 | |
| Rozsah | 119710 | |
| ISSN | 0376-7388 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Membrane Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119710 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CICMCTXQ | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:50:43 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:32:45 |
| Autor | Y. Leow | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | J. K. Shi | |
| Autor | W. Liu | |
| Autor | X. P. Ni | |
| Autor | P. Y. M. Yew | |
| Autor | S. Liu | |
| Autor | Z. Li | |
| Autor | Y. Xue | |
| Autor | D. Kai | |
| Autor | X. J. Loh | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-01 | |
| Abstrakt | With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, reusable high-performance cloth masks are recommended for the public to minimize virus spread and alleviate the demand for disposable surgical masks. However, the approach to design a high-performance cotton mask is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to find out the relationship between fabric properties and mask performance via experimental design and machine learning. Our work is the first reported work of employing machine learning to develop protective face masks. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of Egyptian cotton (EC) fabrics with different thread counts and measured the efficacy of triple-layered masks with different layer combinations and stacking orders. The filtration efficiencies of the triple-layered masks were related to the cotton properties and the layer combination. Stacking EC fabrics in the order of thread count 100-300-100 provides the best particle filtration efficiency (45.4%) and bacterial filtration efficiency (98.1%). Furthermore, these key performance metrics were correctly predicted using machine-learning models based on the physical characteristics of the constituent EC layers using Lasso and XGBoost machine-learning models. Our work showed that the machine learning-based prediction approach can be generalized to other material design problems to improve the efficiency of product development. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 12:17:54 | |
| URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590049821000485 | |
| Publikace | Materials Today Advances | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 100178 | |
| ISSN | 2590-0498 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials Today Advances | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100178 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PTACZIFK | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:17:54 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:21:53 |
| Autor | T. Andrew Bowdle | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Srdjan Jelacic | |
| Autor | L. Silvia Munoz-Price | |
| Autor | Marty Cohen | |
| Autor | Sai Krishna M. | |
| Autor | Lisa Brosseau | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory viruses are transmitted via respiratory particles that are emitted when people breath, speak, cough, or sneeze. These particles span the size spectrum from visible droplets to airborne particles of hundreds of nanometers. Barrier face coverings (“cloth masks”) and surgical masks are loose-fitting and provide limited protection from airborne particles since air passes around the edges of the mask as well as through the filtering material. Respirators, which fit tightly to the face, provide more effective respiratory protection. Although healthcare workers have relied primarily on disposable filtering facepiece respirators (such as N95) during the COVID-19 pandemic, reusable elastomeric respirators have significant potential advantages for the COVID-19 and future respiratory virus pandemics. However, currently available elastomeric respirators were not designed primarily for healthcare or pandemic use and require further development to improve their suitability for this application. The authors believe that the development, implementation, and stockpiling of improved elastomeric respirators should be an international public health priority. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 13:59:56 | |
| Publikace | Anesthesiology | |
| Krátký název | Elastomeric Respirators for COVID-19 and the Next Respiratory Virus Pandemic | |
| Ročník | 135 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 951-962 | |
| ISSN | 0003-3022 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Anesthesiology | |
| DOI | 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004005 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/F4YZXPNA | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:59:56 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:27:23 |
| Autor | Pralay K. Santra | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ashutosh Kumar Singh | |
| Autor | Giridhar U. Kulkarni | |
| Autor | Suman Kundu | |
| Autor | Tejaswini S. Rao | |
| Autor | Mukhesh K. Ganesha | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12 | |
| Abstrakt | Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several attempts have been made worldwide to control the spread of the virus. It is widely accepted that wearing face masks in public and workplaces suppresses the transmission of the virus. Highly effective face masks, e.g. N95, have a high filtration efficiency but with a large pressure drop, which does not allow one to wear the mask comfortably for long hours. A larger population wearing a moderate efficiency mask can also cut the transmission at large. Herein, mask panels from readily available fabrics are developed, that can generate triboelectricity, which enhances the filtration efficiency by around 18% without compromising the pressure drop—allowing one to wear the mask for an extended period. The unique cup-shaped design of the mask provides a snug fit with no speech distortion or fogging on the glasses. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 12:18:28 | |
| Publikace | Energy Technology | |
| Krátký název | Aesthetically Acceptable, Breath Friendly Triboelectric Face Masks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | 2100614 | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ente.202100614 | |
| ISSN | 2194-4296 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/ente.202100614 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JDICQIMH | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:18:28 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:41:19 |
Copyright - © 2021 Wiley‐VCH GmbH
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-12-04
| Autor | Du Wenjia | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Francesco Iacoviello | |
| Autor | Fernandez Tacson | |
| Autor | Loureiro Rui | |
| Autor | Brett Daniel J L | |
| Autor | Paul R Shearing | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12 | |
| Abstrakt | SARS-CoV-2 may spread through respiratory droplets released by infected individuals. The viruses are transmitted in moist droplets which cause coronavirus disease. Many countries have mandated the wearing of face masks, to various extents. However, the efficacy of masks is yet to be well rationalised given the limited microstructure information. Here, three common face masks and associated air permeations were revealed by coupling X-ray tomographic imaging and infrared thermal imaging techniques. Quantitative parameters have been extracted from the 3D images. Also, image-based modelling was performed to simulate the permeability to show how droplets pass through the porous structure. Our results show that the N95 mask has the smallest average pore diameter (~30 µm) and the densest nanoscale fibres which provides superior droplet filtration among all cases. Modifications to the N95 masks are proposed to develop the next generation mask with higher efficacy and better breathability.Face masks are key for slowing the spread of COVID-19. Here, the microstructure of three common masks is determined by x-ray tomography, combined with image-based modelling of droplet permeability, revealing that N95 masks are best for droplet filtration. | |
| Publikace | Communications Materials | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 2 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central; Publicly Available Content Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2543894777 | |
| Extra | Place: London Publisher: Nature Publishing Group | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s43246-021-00160-z | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/84PZ3PET | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:25:02 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:39:58 |
Copyright - © The Author(s) 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-06-23
| Autor | Jian Xiong | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ailin Li | |
| Autor | Ye Liu | |
| Autor | Liming Wang | |
| Autor | Xiaohong Qin | |
| Autor | Jianyong Yu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-30 | |
| Abstrakt | Airborne particulate matter (PM) pollutants, especially with nanoscale size, have caused serious public health issues. The global demand for high-performance and recyclable face masks is increasing dramatically, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, present masks suffer from low-efficiency interception of PM0.3/pathogen, limited air permeability, and incapacity to reuse and recycle. Here, multi-scale nanoarchitectured nanofiber/carbon nanotube (NF/CNT) networks are constructed by a needleless-electrospinning/spraying-netting strategy, enabling well-dispersed CNT networks (diameter ≈ 25 nm) welded on charged nanofibrous scaffolds (diameter > 100 nm) layer by layer. The optimized NF/CNT networks possess a fluffy structure with narrow-distribution small pores (size ≈ 400 nm), “free molecular flow” behavior, and electrostatic adsorption property, thereby exhibiting high filtration efficiency (>99.994% PM0.3 removal) and low resistance (<0.05% atmosphere pressure). Furthermore, they demonstrate reliable and ultra-fast photothermal-driven self-sterilization (>99.986% in 5 min) under 1 sun and electrothermal-driven self-sterilization (>99.9999% in 2 min) in sunless scenes owing to their unique nanoarchitecture. Most importantly, the abandoned NF/CNT filters can be fully recycled as high-performance solar vapor generators to desalinate seawater (3.56 L m−2 d−1). This work offers a fascinating solution to reduce disease transmission, resource consumption, and environmental burdens. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:01:05 | |
| Publikace | Small | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | 2105570 | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/smll.202105570 | |
| ISSN | 1613-6829 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/smll.202105570 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2DVB82TR | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:25:02 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:39:44 |
Copyright - © 2021. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-12-01
| Autor | Mustafa Erdem Üreyen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Nuran Zari̇f | |
| Autor | Elif KAYNAK Uraz | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-30 | |
| Abstrakt | Upon the outbreak of the COVID-19, community wide mask wearing has become an important tool to prevent the spread of the virus. The use of disposable masks -that are generally produced of three or more layers of synthetic nonwovens- by the general public is being questioned from an environmental and waste perspective. Conventional textile fabrics, on the other hand, may not provide the desired level of protection against the virus. In this study three layer fabric mask structures having a middle layer of nonwoven (100 g/m2 or 120 g/m2) sandwiched between knitted polyester fabrics were prepared. The particle filtration and breathability properties of the fabric assemblies were investigated. In order to prevent bacterial growth and enable safer use, the outer layer was antibacterial and water repellent functionalized. The middle layer was also antibacterial treated. The air permeability of the three layer fabric structure with an antibacterial nonwoven (100 g/m2) middle layer and an antibacterial and water repellent outer layer was ≥ 96 l/m²/s. The particle filtration efficiency was 23% when tested for 0.3 µm NaCl aerosol particles. The particle filtration efficiency was not reduced after washing up to 20 cycles. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:14:40 | |
| Publikace | Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 22 | |
| Číslo | 8th ULPAS - Special Issue 2021 | |
| Rozsah | 10-18 | |
| Extra | Number: Vol:22- 8th ULPAS - Special Issue 2021 | |
| ISSN | 2667-4211 | |
| Katalog knihovny | dergipark.org.tr | |
| DOI | 10.18038/estubtda.976780 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/A5DLMFT9 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 14:14:40 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:24:13 |
| Autor | Wei Deng | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yajun Sun | |
| Autor | Xiaoxue Yao | |
| Autor | Karpagam Subramanian | |
| Autor | Chen Ling | |
| Autor | Hongbo Wang | |
| Autor | Shauhrat S. Chopra | |
| Autor | Ben Bin Xu | |
| Autor | Jie-Xin Wang | |
| Autor | Jian-Feng Chen | |
| Autor | Dan Wang | |
| Autor | Honeyfer Amancio | |
| Autor | Stevin Pramana | |
| Autor | Ruquan Ye | |
| Autor | Steven Wang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Sustainable solutions on fabricating and using a face mask to block the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread during this coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) are required as society is directed by the World Health Organization (WHO) toward wearing it, resulting in an increasingly huge demand with over 4 000 000 000 masks used per day globally. Herein, various new mask technologies and advanced materials are reviewed to deal with critical shortages, cross-infection, and secondary transmission risk of masks. A number of countries have used cloth masks and 3D-printed masks as substitutes, whose filtration efficiencies can be improved by using nanofibers or mixing other polymers into them. Since 2020, researchers continue to improve the performance of masks by adding various functionalities, for example using metal nanoparticles and herbal extracts to inactivate pathogens, using graphene to make masks photothermal and superhydrophobic, and using triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to prolong mask lifetime. The recent advances in material technology have led to the development of antimicrobial coatings, which are introduced in this review. When incorporated into masks, these advanced materials and technologies can aid in the prevention of secondary transmission of the virus. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:01:22 | |
| Publikace | Advanced Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | 2102189 | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/advs.202102189 | |
| ISSN | 2198-3844 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/advs.202102189 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VNLN9PSC | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:25:02 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:40:13 |
Copyright - © 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-11-30
| Autor | A. Schmidt | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | C.T. Tschang | |
| Autor | J. Sann | |
| Autor | M.H. Thoma | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-25 | |
| Abstrakt | The use of cold atmospheric plasmas (CAP) to decontaminate sensitive surfaces is an interesting field of applied plasma physics. Motivated by the shortages of face masks and safety clothing in the beginning of the corona pandemic, we conducted studies on the decontamination of FF3 face masks with CAP and the resulting material effects. Therefore, the bactericidal and sporicidal efficacy of CAP afterglow decontamination of FFP3 mask material was investigated by inoculating fabric samples with test germs Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus atrophaeus (B. atrophaeus) and subsequent CAP afterglow treatment in a surface micro discharge (SMD) plasma device. In addition, a detailed analysis of the changes in long-term plasma treated (15h) mask material and its individual components -ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polypropylene (PP) -was carried out using surface analysis methods such as laser microscopy, contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as fabric permeability and resistance measurements. The experiments showed that E. coli and B. atrophaeus could both be effectively inactivated by plasma treatment in nitrogen mode (12 kVpp, 5 kHz). For B. atrophaeus inactivation of more than 4-log was achieved after 30 minutes. E. coli population could be reduced by 5-log within one minute of CAP treatment and after five minutes a complete inactivation (> 6 log) was achieved. Material analysis showed that long-term (> 5 h) plasma treatment affects the electrostatic properties of the fabric. From this it can be deduced that the plasma treatment of FFP3 face masks with the CAP afterglow of an SMD device effectively inactivates microorganisms on the fabric. FFP3 masks can be plasma decontaminated and reused multiple times (up to 5h of CAP treatment time) but only to a limited extent, as otherwise the permeability levels no longer meet the DIN EN 149 specifications. | |
| Publikace | IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1109/TRPMS.2021.3130746 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/G4WCY2FV | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:56:04 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:43:07 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Kazuo Takayama | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alberto Tuñón-Molina | |
| Autor | Alba Cano-Vicent | |
| Autor | Yukiko Muramoto | |
| Autor | Takeshi Noda | |
| Autor | José Luis Aparicio-Collado | |
| Autor | Roser Sabater i Serra | |
| Autor | Miguel Martí | |
| Autor | Ángel Serrano-Aroca | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-24 | |
| Abstrakt | The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is demanding the rapid action of the authorities and scientific community in order to find new antimicrobial solutions that could inactivate the pathogen SARS-CoV-2 that causes this disease. Gram-positive bacteria contribute to severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19, and their resistance to antibiotics is exponentially increasing. In this regard, non-woven fabrics are currently used for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing such as face masks, caps, scrubs, shirts, trousers, disposable gowns, overalls, hoods, aprons and shoe covers as protective tools against viral and bacterial infections. However, these non-woven fabrics are made of materials that do not exhibit intrinsic antimicrobial activity. Thus, we have here developed non-woven fabrics with antimicrobial coatings of cranberry extracts capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and the bacteriophage phi 6 (about 99% of viral inactivation in 1 min of viral contact), and two multidrug-resistant bacteria: the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. The morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the produced filters were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The non-toxicity of these advanced technologies was ensured using a Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo model. These results open up a new prevention path using natural and biodegradable compounds for the fabrication of infection prevention clothing in the current COVID-19 pandemic and microbial resistant era. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 15:01:02 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Molecular Sciences | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 22 | |
| Číslo | 23 | |
| Rozsah | 12719 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 23 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijms222312719 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HIPMN9SK | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:07 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 15:24:50 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Omar García-Pérez | |
| Autor | Sara Cazorla-Rivero | |
| Autor | Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón | |
| Autor | José-Enrique Piñero | |
| Autor | Bernardino Clavo | |
| Autor | Jacob Lorenzo-Morales | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-19 | |
| Abstrakt | SARS-CoV-2 stability and infection persistence has been studied on different surfaces, but scarce data exist related to personal protective equipment (PPE), moreover using realist viral loads for infection. Due to the importance for adequate PPE management to avoid risk of virus infection, RNA stability was evaluated on PPE. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and detection of genomic RNA in PPE (gowns and face masks) were determined by in-vitro assays and RT-qPCR, respectively. Samples were infected with a clinical sample positive for SARS-CoV-2 (Clin-Inf), and with a heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 strain sample (Str-Inf) as a control. PPE samples infected with Clin-Inf were positive for the 3 viral genes on gowns up to 5 days post-infection, whereas these overall genes were detected up to 30 days in the case of face masks. However, gowns and FFP2 masks samples contaminated with Clin-Inf showed a cytopathic effect over VERO cells up to 5–7 days post-infection. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on different PPE materials for 5 to 30 days, but PPE contaminated with the virus was infectious up to 5–7 days. These findings demonstrate the need to improve PPE management and to formulate strategies to introduce viricidal compounds in PPE fabrics. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:06:55 | |
| Publikace | BMC Infectious Diseases | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 1169 | |
| ISSN | 1471-2334 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | BMC Infect Dis | |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12879-021-06861-7 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7WUS9RSC | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 14:06:36 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:25:43 |
| Autor | Priyabrata Pattanaik | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | William Holderbaum | |
| Autor | Asimananda Khandual | |
| Autor | Hara Prasada Tripathy | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-18 | |
| Abstrakt | “Wear a mask. Save lives” is the slogan of WHO and all the government agencies over the world to the public. One of the most adopted prevention measures that can limit the spread of the airborne virus in the form of respiratory viral diseases, including the new strain of COVID-19, is wearing a proper mask. If the mask surface is heated to 65 to 70 °C, it could help potentially diminish any viruses or bacteria accumulated. The FAR-Ultraviolet -C (FAR-UV-C) dose for the influenza limit to 254 nm light is ~3 mJ/cm2/hour exposure is not harmful to the human skin and eyes. Here, we propose an intelligent mask served by FAR-UV-C and conducting a yarn-based heater that could potentially be activated in a controlled manner to kill the virus. The effective irradiation intensity for skin application would be under 0.1 µW/cm2. The exposure risk of UV-C is technically prevented by fabricating multi-layered fabrics with multiple functionalities. Along with experimental validation on bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE), tinker cad simulation for circuit design, and comsol multiphysics for temperature profile study, we probed Moisture Management Test (MMT) in addition with cytotoxicity risk by MTT Assay for survivability to ensure safer application potential. This novel proposed design with the germicidal combination of heating and FAR-UV-C models, described here, is promising in retaliating and combating any airborne viruses. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:08:13 | |
| Publikace | Materials | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 22 | |
| Rozsah | 6999 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 22 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ma14226999 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZASEJAQT | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 14:08:13 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:25:35 |
| Autor | Jean-Pierre Alcaraz | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Laurence Le Coq | |
| Autor | Jérémie Pourchez | |
| Autor | Dominique Thomas | |
| Autor | Sandrine Chazelet | |
| Autor | Isabelle Boudry | |
| Autor | Maud Barbado | |
| Autor | Sophie Silvent | |
| Autor | Claire Dessale | |
| Autor | Fabienne Antoine | |
| Autor | Catherine Guimier-Pingault | |
| Autor | Laurent Cortella | |
| Autor | Sophie Rouif | |
| Autor | Nathalie Bardin-Monnier | |
| Autor | Augustin Charvet | |
| Autor | Olivier Dufaud | |
| Autor | Lara Leclerc | |
| Autor | Yoann Montigaud | |
| Autor | Coralie Laurent | |
| Autor | Paul Verhoeven | |
| Autor | Aurélie Joubert | |
| Autor | Ala Bouhanguel | |
| Autor | Yves Andres | |
| Autor | Joël Gaffé | |
| Autor | Donald K. Martin | |
| Autor | Christophe Huet | |
| Autor | Sandrine Boisset | |
| Autor | Max Maurin | |
| Autor | Pascal Rumeau | |
| Autor | Frédéric Charlot | |
| Autor | Emmanuel Richaud | |
| Autor | Alexandre Moreau-Gaudry | |
| Autor | Vincent Bonneterre | |
| Autor | Philippe Cinquin | |
| Autor | Caroline Landelle | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-16 | |
| Abstrakt | The need for personal protective equipment increased exponentially in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. To cope with the mask shortage during springtime 2020, a French consortium was created to find ways to reuse medical and respiratory masks in healthcare departments. The consortium addressed the complex context of the balance between cleaning medical masks in a way that maintains their safety and functionality for reuse, with the environmental advantage to manage medical disposable waste despite the current mask designation as single-use by the regulatory frameworks. We report a Workflow that provides a quantitative basis to determine the safety and efficacy of a medical mask that is decontaminated for reuse. The type IIR polypropylene medical masks can be washed up to 10 times, washed 5 times and autoclaved 5 times, or washed then sterilized with radiations or ethylene oxide, without any degradation of their filtration or breathability properties. There is loss of the anti-projection properties. The Workflow rendered the medical masks to comply to the AFNOR S76-001 standard as “type 1 non-sanitory usage masks”. This qualification gives a legal status to the Workflow-treated masks and allows recommendation for the reuse of washed medical masks by the general population, with the significant public health advantage of providing better protection than cloth-tissue masks. Additionally, such a legal status provides a basis to perform a clinical trial to test the masks in real conditions, with full compliance with EN 14683 norm, for collective reuse. The rational reuse of medical mask and their end-of-life management is critical, particularly in pandemic periods when decisive turns can be taken. The reuse of masks in the general population, in industries, or in hospitals (but not for surgery) has significant advantages for the management of waste without degrading the safety of individuals wearing reused masks. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 12:18:19 | |
| Publikace | Chemosphere | |
| Krátký název | Reuse of medical face masks in domestic and community settings without sacrificing safety | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 288 | |
| Rozsah | 132364 | |
| ISSN | 0045-6535 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Chemosphere | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132364 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Q2FZWDJS | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:18:19 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:41:41 |
| Autor | Chao Deng | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Farzad Seidi | |
| Autor | Qiang Yong | |
| Autor | Xiangyu Jin | |
| Autor | Chengcheng Li | |
| Autor | Xing Zhang | |
| Autor | Jingquan Han | |
| Autor | Yuqian Liu | |
| Autor | Yang Huang | |
| Autor | Yuyan Wang | |
| Autor | Zhenghong Yuan | |
| Autor | Huining Xiao | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-16 | |
| Abstrakt | Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as face masks is vital in battling the COVID-19 crisis, but the dominant polypropylene-based PPE are lack of antiviral/antibacterial activities and environmental friendliness, and have hazardous impact on the soil and aquatic ecosystems. The work presented herein focused on developing biodegradable, antiviral, and antibacterial cellulose nonwovens (AVAB-CNWs) as a multi-functional bioprotective layer for better protection against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and addressing environmental concerns raised by the piling of COVID-19 related wastes. Both guanidine-based polymer and neomycin sulfate (NEO) were reactive-modified and covalently grafted onto the surface of cellulose nonwovens, thereby conferring outstanding antiviral and antibacterial activities to the nonwovens without deteriorating the microstructure and biodegradability. Through adjusting the grafting amount of active components and selecting appropriate reagents for pretreatment, the antimicrobial activity and hydrophobicity for self-cleaning of the nonwovens can be tuned. More importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that such multi-functional nonwovens are capable of inactivating SARS-CoV-2 instantly, leading to high virucidal activity (> 99.35%), which is unachievable by conventional masks used nowadays. Meanwhile, the robust breathability and biodegradability of AVAB-CNWs were well maintained. The applications of the as-prepared nonwovens as high-performance textile can be readily extended to other areas in the fight against COVID-19. | |
| Publikace | Journal of Hazardous Materials | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 424 | |
| Rozsah | 127391 | |
| Extra | Patent Number: A Place: Amsterdam Publisher: Elsevier WOS:000711796600004 | |
| ISSN | 0304-3894 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Hazard. Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127391 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NAUB3VKH | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:21:03 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:40:40 |
| Autor | Carmen Estevan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Eugenio Vilanova | |
| Autor | Miguel A. Sogorb | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-16 | |
| Abstrakt | The world is living a pandemic situation derived from the worldwide spreading of SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19. Facemasks have proven to be one of the most effective prophylactic measures to avoid the infection that has made that wearing of facemasks has become mandatory in most of the developed countries. Silver and graphene nanoparticles have proven to have antimicrobial properties and are used as coating of these facemasks to increase the effectivity of the textile fibres. In the case of silver nanoparticles, we have estimated that in a real scenario the systemic (internal) exposure derived from wearing these silver nanoparticle facemasks would be between 7.0 × 10–5 and 2.8 × 10–4 mg/kg bw/day. In addition, we estimated conservative systemic no effect levels between 0.075 and 0.01 mg/kg bw/day. Therefore, we estimate that the chronic exposure to silver nanoparticles derived form facemasks wearing is safe. In the case of graphene, we detected important gaps in the database, especially regarding toxicokinetics, which prevents the derivation of a systemic no effect level. Nevertheless, the qualitative approach suggests that the risk of dermal repeated exposure to graphene is very low, or even negligible. We estimated that for both nanomaterials, the risk of skin sensitisation and genotoxicity is also negligible. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:03:16 | |
| Publikace | Archives of Toxicology | |
| Krátký název | Case study | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1432-0738 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Arch Toxicol | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00204-021-03187-w | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/83PS7M6I | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:07 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:38:00 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Prerona Gogoi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sunil Kumar Singh | |
| Autor | Ankur Pandey | |
| Autor | Arun Chattopadhyay | |
| Autor | Partho Sarathi Gooh Pattader | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-15 | |
| Abstrakt | The advent of COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to wear masks across populations. While the N95 mask offers great performance against airborne infections, its multilayered sealed design makes it difficult to breathe for a longer duration of use. The option of using highly breathable cloth or silk masks especially for a large populace is fraught with the danger of infection. As a normal cloth or silk mask absorbs airborne liquid, it can be a source of plausible infection. We demonstrate the chemical modification of one such mask, Eri silk, to make it hydrophobic (contact angle of water is 143.7°), which reduces the liquid absorption capacity without reducing the breathability of the mask significantly. The breathability reduces only 22% for hydrophobic Eri silk compared to the pristine Eri silk, whereas N95 shows a 59% reduction of breathability. The modified hydrophobic silk can repel the incoming aqueous liquid droplets without wetting the surface. The results indicate that a multilayered modified silk mask to make it hydrophobic can be an affordable and breathable alternative to the N95 mask. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:03:34 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Bio Materials | |
| Ročník | 4 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 7921-7931 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Bio Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsabm.1c00851 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Q73PCMY2 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 14:03:34 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:25:52 |
| Autor | H.T. Do Thi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | P. Mizsey | |
| Autor | A.J. Toth | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-14 | |
| Abstrakt | In the COVID-19 pandemic period, the role of face masks is critical as a protective physical barrier to prevent droplets and filtrate exhalations coming from infected subjects or against various environmental threats, including the SARS-Cov-2 virus. However, the plastic and microplastic waste from the used face masks pollute the environment, cause a negative impact on human health and the natural ecosystem, as well as increase landfill and medical waste. The presented paper focuses on providing an overview of the application of membrane technology in face mask products as well as the development of protection mechanisms in the future. The authors performed an environmental analysis of reusable (cloth) masks and disposable masks (surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirators) using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to assess the impacts on the environment, human health, and ecosystem. IMPACT 2002+ V2.14, ReCiPe 2016 Endpoint (H) V1.02, IPCC 2013 GWP 100a V1.03 methods were applied using specialized software (SimaPro V9.1). The disposable masks consistently provide higher protection, though they also carry several multiple environmental burdens. Conversely, reusable masks improve environmental performance, reduce 85% of waste, have a 3.39 times lower impact on climate change, and are 3.7 times cheaper than disposable masks. | |
| Publikace | Sustainability (Switzerland) | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 22 | |
| Rozsah | 12574 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.3390/su132212574 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/A9ALVDKP | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:07 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:39:06 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Beti Rogina-Car | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Željka Pavlović | |
| Autor | Zenun Skenderi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Facemasks significantly reduce the dispersion of respiratory droplets that potentially carry the virus (COVID-19) when a person speaks, coughs or sneezes. Double jersey knitted fabrics made of cotton, Tencel and Viscose were made and designed. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of single-layer and double-layer knitted masks by the microbial barrier permeability method. This method was used in a targeted manner because Bacillus Bacteria with a size of 0.5 µm in diameter is used to determine the permeability of the microbial barrier, which includes aerosol particles and approaches the size of the virus of 0.1 µm in diameter. The permeability results of the microbial barrier are presented concerning the number of layers and the raw material composition. Porosity (%) was also deter-mined based on microscopic images. The results of the microbial barrier effectiveness test showed an ineffective microbial barrier for 1 layer of the knitted fabric. However, stacking the mesh in 2 layers in-creased the microbial barrier efficiency by 70%. Functional design, combining layers of fabric and insertion of a previously developed antibacterial tencel nonwoven filter enables complete imper-meability to microorganisms, i.e. an effective microbial barrier. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:03:52 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Natural Fibers | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Rozsah | 1-15 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.2002771 | |
| ISSN | 1544-0478 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/15440478.2021.2002771 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BUK6KYU8 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:08 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:29:07 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | M. Pierpaoli | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | C. Giosuè | |
| Autor | N. Czerwińska | |
| Autor | M. Rycewicz | |
| Autor | A. Wieloszyńska | |
| Autor | R. Bogdanowicz | |
| Autor | M.L. Ruello | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-10 | |
| Abstrakt | The enormous world demand for personal protective equipment to face the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has revealed two main weaknesses. On one hand, centralized production led to an initial shortage of respirators; on the other hand, the world demand for single-use equipment has had a direct and inevitable effect on the environment. Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and renewable thermoplastic polyester, mainly derived from corn starch. Electrospinning is an established and reproducible method to obtain nano- and microfibrous materials with a simple apparatus, characterized by high air filtration efficiencies. In the present work, we designed and optimized an open-source electrospinning setup, easily realizable with a 3D printer and using components widely available, for the delocalized production of an efficient and sustainable particulate matter filter. Filters were realized on 3D-printed PLA support, on which PLA fibers were subsequently electrospun. NaCl aerosol filtration tests exhibited an efficiency greater than 95% for aerosol having an equivalent diameter greater than 0.3 μm and a fiber diameter comparable to the commercially available FFP2 melt-blown face mask. The particulate entrapped by the filters when operating in real environments (indoors, outdoors, and working scenario) was also investigated, as well as the amount of heavy metals potentially released into the environment after filtration activity. | |
| Publikace | Materials | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 22 | |
| Rozsah | 6766 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ma14226766 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/D6B4D53Z | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:07 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:36:20 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Tamer Hamouda | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hany Kafafy | |
| Autor | HM Mashaly | |
| Autor | Nermin M Aly | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The global widespread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused shortage of medical face masks and led to developing of various types of cloth masks with different levels of protection and comfort to meet the market demands. Breathing comfort is a significant aspect that should be considered during the design of cloth masks along with the filtration efficiency; otherwise, the wearer will feel suffocated. In this work, different types of cotton and polyester knitted fabrics blended with spandex yarns were produced and treated with silver nanoparticles to be used as antiviral cloth masks. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and EDX were used to characterize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Antiviral activity was assessed against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus as well. The influence of using different fabric materials, number of layers, and hybrid layers on their air permeability and breathability were investigated to evaluate the comfortability of the cloth masks. Physiological impacts of wearing the cloth masks were evaluated by measuring oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and heart rate of the wearers while doing various activities. The results indicated that AgNPs have low cytotoxicity and considerable efficiency in inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Adding spandex yarns with different count and ratios reduced the porosity and air permeability of the fabrics. Moreover, the combination of three hybrid layers’ mask made of polyester fabric in the outer layer with 100% cotton fabric in the inner layer showed high comfortability associated with high air permeability and breathability. Also, wearing these masks while doing activities showed no significant effect on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of the wearers. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:04:08 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Industrial Textiles | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 15280837211051100 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd STM | |
| ISSN | 1528-0837 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Industrial Textiles | |
| DOI | 10.1177/15280837211051100 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/X6A5D7SZ | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:35:30 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:40:55 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Arni S. R. Srinivasa-Rao | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Steven G. Krantz | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Face coverings, especially cloth masks, were the critical personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The advantages of such masks were well understood and widely used across the world. With this idea in mind, we have reviewed the available data and literature to identify whether masks exert an untoward effect on lung function in otherwise healthy persons. Interestingly enough, we have found no well-designed studies to assess whether masks have an unintended negative consequence on healthy lung function. Moreover, we are also aware that there could exist a differential impact of facial coverings depending on the type of masks exposed to. In addition, there could also be some ethical challenges in order to implement these cohort studies. We are recommending the need for thorough evaluations of long term mask utilization. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 12:35:55 | |
| Publikace | Microbes, Infection and Chemotherapy | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 1 | |
| Rozsah | e1222-e1222 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2021 S. R. Srinivasa-Rao Arni, Steven G. Krantz | |
| ISSN | 2789-4274 | |
| Katalog knihovny | revistas.unheval.edu.pe | |
| DOI | 10.54034/mic.e1222 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3G2UMWJ9 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:35:55 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:39:18 |
| Autor | Junaid Khan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Syed Abdul Momin | |
| Autor | M. Mariatti | |
| Autor | V. Vilay | |
| Autor | M. Todo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Plastics have become a severe risk to natural ecosystems and human health globally in the last two decades. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, which led to the manufacturing and use of billions of facemasks made from non-biodegradable and petroleum-derived polymers has aggravated the situation further. There is an urgent need to develop bio-degradable facemasks with excellent filtration efficiency and antimicrobial characteristics using scalable technology. This review article aims to provide the fundamentals of mask technology, its environmental footprint, facemask’s lifecycle assessment, conventional manufacturing routes, and state-of-the-art reports on using bio-degradable polymers for facemask applications. The article also focuses on the current challenges of the conventional facemask and the prospects of an ideal facemask that could significantly reduce the ill effects of petroleum-based polymers. The review includes concise information on the basics of polymer biodegradation and standardized tests to evaluate biodegradability. The use of currently available facemasks has been an effective measure to curb the infection rate, however, is a threat to the environment. Reusing the facemask after decontamination is not a solution from a safety perspective as cloth-based facemasks have lower filtration efficiencies which get further reduced with the washing cycle necessitating a shift towards biodegradable facemask. Systematic information is provided through this article to stimulate research on a bio-degradable facemask with excellent filtration efficiency, antimicrobial properties, and cost-effectiveness for global usage. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:04:38 | |
| Publikace | Materials Research Express | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 8 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 112001 | |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing | |
| ISSN | 2053-1591 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Institute of Physics | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Mater. Res. Express | |
| DOI | 10.1088/2053-1591/ac35d0 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HD2A8EAX | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:36:05 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:40:25 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Bal Krishan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dipendra Gupta | |
| Autor | Gautham Vadlamudi | |
| Autor | Shubham Sharma | |
| Autor | Dipshikha Chakravortty | |
| Autor | Saptarshi Basu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-1 | |
| Abstrakt | Ever since the emergence of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the usage of makeshift facemasks is generally advised by policymakers as a possible substitute for commercially available surgical or N95 face masks. Although such endorsements could be economical and easily accessible in various low per-capita countries, the experimental evidence on the effectiveness of such recommendations is still lacking. In this regard, we carried out a detailed experimental investigation to study the fate of a large-sized surrogate cough droplet impingement at different velocities (corresponding to mild to severe coughs) on various locally procured cloth fabrics. Observation shows that larger ejected droplets (droplets that would normally settle as fomites in general) during a coughing event have enough momentum to penetrate single-layer cloth masks; the penetrated volume atomize into smaller daughter droplets that fall within aerosol range, thereby increasing infection potential. Theoretically, two essential criteria based on the balances of viscous dissipation-kinetic energy and surface tension-kinetic energy effects have been suggested for the droplet penetration through mask layers. Furthermore, a new parameter called η (the number density of pores for a fabric) is developed to characterize the volume penetration potential and subsequent daughter droplet size. Finally, the effect of mask washing frequency is analyzed. The outcomes from the current study can be used as a guide in selecting cloth fabrics for stitching multi-layered. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:19:44 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Krátký název | Efficacy of homemade face masks against human coughs | |
| Ročník | 33 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 093309 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0061007 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/S6ZAE482 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:19:44 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:27:22 |
| Autor | K. M. Archana | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Revathy Rajagopal | |
| Autor | Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy | |
| Autor | S. Aishwarya | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Microorganisms cause variety of diseases that constitutes a severe threat to mankind. Due to the upsurge of many infectious diseases, there is a high requirement and demand for the development of safety products finished with antimicrobial properties. The study involves the antimicrobial activity of natural cotton coated with copper iodide capped with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower extract (CuI-FE) which is rich in anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-sophoroside by ultrasonication method. The coated and uncoated cotton fabric was characterised through XRD, SEM, AFM, tensile strength and UV–Visible spectroscopic techniques. XRD confirmed the formation of CuI particles, SEM showed that CuI-FE was prismatic in shape. The average size of CuI-FE particles was found to be 552.45 nm. Anti-bacterial studies showed copper iodide particles to be a potent antimicrobial agent. AFM images confirmed the rupture of bacterial cell walls in the presence of prismatic CuI-FE. In-vitro cytotoxicity investigation of CuI-FE was performed against cancer and spleen cell lines to evaluate the cell viability. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed the IC50 value of 233.93 μg/mL in the presence of CuI-FE. Molecular docking study was also carried out to understand the interaction of CuI-FE with COVID-19 main protease. This paper has given an insight on the usage of CuI-FE coated on the cotton fabric that has proved to have strong inhibition against the nano ranged bacterial, cancerous cell line and a strong interaction with the COVID-19 protease. Such eco-friendly material will provide a safe environment even after the disposable of medical waste from the infectious diseases like influenza and current pandemic like COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:35:56 | |
| URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421010012 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Materials Research and Technology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 15 | |
| Rozsah | 2102-2116 | |
| ISSN | 2238-7854 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Materials Research and Technology | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.020 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MBKX2A3V | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:35:56 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:26:17 |
| Autor | Peter Q Nguyen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Luis R Soenksen | |
| Autor | Nina M Donghia | |
| Autor | Nicolaas M Angenent-Mari | |
| Autor | de Puig Helena | |
| Autor | Ally Huang | |
| Autor | Rose Lee | |
| Autor | Slomovic Shimyn | |
| Autor | Galbersanini Tommaso | |
| Autor | Lansberry Geoffrey | |
| Autor | Hani M Sallum | |
| Autor | Evan M Zhao | |
| Autor | James B Niemi | |
| Autor | James J Collins | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Integrating synthetic biology into wearables could expand opportunities for noninvasive monitoring of physiological status, disease states and exposure to pathogens or toxins. However, the operation of synthetic circuits generally requires the presence of living, engineered bacteria, which has limited their application in wearables. Here we report lightweight, flexible substrates and textiles functionalized with freeze-dried, cell-free synthetic circuits, including CRISPR-based tools, that detect metabolites, chemicals and pathogen nucleic acid signatures. The wearable devices are activated upon rehydration from aqueous exposure events and report the presence of specific molecular targets by colorimetric changes or via an optical fiber network that detects fluorescent and luminescent outputs. The detection limits for nucleic acids rival current laboratory methods such as quantitative PCR. We demonstrate the development of a face mask with a lyophilized CRISPR sensor for wearable, noninvasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 at room temperature within 90 min, requiring no user intervention other than the press of a button.Wearable materials are endowed with synthetic biology circuits to detect biomolecules, including SARS-CoV-2 RNA. | |
| Publikace | Nature Biotechnology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 39 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 1366-1374 | |
| Archiv | ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2596177433 | |
| Extra | Place: New York Publisher: Nature Publishing Group | |
| ISSN | 1087-0156 | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41587-021-00950-3 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KXS8FJZL | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:10:36 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:42:53 |
Copyright - © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2021.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-11-12
| Autor | Jye Yng Teo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jessica Kng | |
| Autor | Balamurugan Periaswamy | |
| Autor | Songlin Liu | |
| Autor | Poh‐Chong Lim | |
| Autor | Chen Ee Lee | |
| Autor | Ban Hock Tan | |
| Autor | Xian Jun Loh | |
| Autor | Xiping Ni | |
| Autor | Daniel Tiang | |
| Autor | Guangshun Yi | |
| Autor | Yee Yian Ong | |
| Autor | Moi Lin Ling | |
| Autor | Wei Yee Wan | |
| Autor | Hei Man Wong | |
| Autor | Molly How | |
| Autor | Xiaohui Xin | |
| Autor | Yugen Zhang | |
| Autor | Yi Yan Yang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11 | |
| Abstrakt | To curb the spread of the COVID‐19 virus, the use of face masks such as disposable surgical masks and N95 respirators is being encouraged and even enforced in some countries. The widespread use of masks has resulted in global shortages and individuals are reusing them. This calls for proper disinfection of the masks while retaining their protective capability. In this study, the killing efficiency of ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) irradiation, dry heat, and steam sterilization against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), fungi (Candida albicans), and nonpathogenic virus (Salmonella virus P22) is investigated. UV‐C irradiation for 10 min in a commercial UV sterilizer effectively disinfects surgical masks. N95 respirators require dry heat at 100 °C for hours while steam treatment works within 5 min. To address the question on safe reuse of the disinfected masks, their bacteria filtration efficiency, particle filtration efficiency, breathability, and fluid resistance are assessed. These performance factors are unaffected after 5 cycles of steam (10 min per cycle) and 10 cycles of dry heat at 100 °C (40 min per cycle) for N95 respirators, and 10 cycles of UV‐C irradiation for surgical masks (10 min per side per cycle). These findings provide insights into formulating the standard procedures for reusing masks without compromising their protective ability. | |
| Publikace | Global Challenges | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 5 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central; Publicly Available Content Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2591103305 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| ISSN | 2056-6646 | |
| DOI | 10.1002/gch2.202100030 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QQ7F8ZRU | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:10:36 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:42:35 |
Copyright - © 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Název - Food & Drug Administration--FDA; National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-11-11
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US; China
| Autor | Ryan J LaRue | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Patrick Morkus | |
| Autor | Scott Laengert | |
| Autor | Sarah Rassenberg | |
| Autor | Mohamad Amin Halali | |
| Autor | John W Colenbrander | |
| Autor | Catherine M Clase | |
| Autor | David R Latulippe | |
| Autor | Charles‐François de Lannoy | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Public health agencies have recommended the community use of face masks to reduce the transmission of airborne diseases like COVID‐19. Virus transmission is reduced when masks act as efficient filters, thus evaluating mask particle filtration efficiency (PFE) is essential. However, the high cost and long lead times associated with purchasing turn‐key PFE systems or hiring certified laboratories hampers the testing of filter materials. There is a clear need for “custom” PFE test systems; however, the variety of standards that prescribe (medical) face mask PFE testing (e.g., ASTM International, NIOSH) vary widely in their protocols and clarity of guidelines. Herein, the development is described of an “in‐house” PFE system and method for testing face masks in the context of current standards for medical masks. Pursuant to the ASTM International standards, the system uses an aerosol of latex spheres (0.1 µm nominal size) with particle concentrations upstream and downstream of the mask material measured using a laser particle analyzer. PFE measurements are obtained for a variety of common fabrics and medical masks. The approach described in this work conforms to the current standards for PFE testing while providing the flexibility to adapt to changing needs and filtration conditions. | |
| URL | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/navigating-performance-standards-face-mask/docview/2591103273/se-2 | |
| Publikace | Global Challenges | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 5 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central; Publicly Available Content Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2591103273 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| ISSN | 20566646 | |
| DOI | 10.1002/gch2.202100052 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UIT33IZX | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:09:56 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 16:41:02 |
Copyright - © 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright - © 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Název - ASTM International; National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-08-06
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-11-02
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US
| Autor | J. M. Bello-Lopez | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | P. Silva-Bermudez | |
| Autor | G. Prado | |
| Autor | A. Martínez | |
| Autor | Gabriela Ibáñez-Cervantes | |
| Autor | Mónica Alethia Cureño-Díaz | |
| Autor | L. Rocha-Zavaleta | |
| Autor | J. Manzo-Merino | |
| Autor | A. Almaguer-Flores | |
| Autor | C. Ramos-Vilchis | |
| Autor | S. E. Rodil | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Nanometric materials with biocidal properties effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and pathogenic bacteria could be used to modify surfaces, reducing the risk of touching transmission. In this work, we showed that a nanometric layer of bimetallic AgCu can be effectively deposited on polypropylene (PP) fibers. The virucidal properties of the AgCu nanofilm were evaluated by comparing the viral loads remaining on uncoated and coated PP after contact times between 2 and 24 h. Quantification of virion numbers for different initial concentrations indicated a reduction of more than 95% after 2 h of contact. The bactericidal action of the AgCu nanofilm was also confirmed by inoculating uncoated and coated PP with a pool of pathogenic bacteria associated with pneumonia (ESKAPE). Meanwhile, no cytotoxicity was observed for human fibroblasts and keratinocyte cells, indicating that the nanofilm could be in contact with human skin without threat. The deposition of the AgCu nanofilm on the nonwoven component of reusable cloth masks might help to prevent virus and bacterial infection while reducing the pollution burden related to the disposable masks. The possible mechanism of biocide contact action was studied by quantum chemistry calculations that show that the addition of Ag and/or Cu makes the polymeric fiber a better electron acceptor. This can promote the oxidation of the phospholipids present at both the virus and bacterial membranes. The rupture at the membrane exposes and damages the genetic material of the virus. More studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action, but the results reported here indicate that Cu and Ag ions are good allies, which can help protect us from the virus that has caused this disturbing pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 13:59:31 | |
| Publikace | Biomedical Materials | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 17 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 015002 | |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing | |
| ISSN | 1748-605X | |
| Katalog knihovny | Institute of Physics | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Biomed. Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-605X/ac3208 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/33GMUB3E | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:07 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:39:22 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Eun-Hee Lee | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yunsoo Chang | |
| Autor | Seung-Woo Lee | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a general health crisis and has irreversible impacts on human societies. Globally, all people are at risk of being exposed to the novel coronavirus through transmission of airborne bioaerosols. Public health actions, such as wearing a mask, are highly recommended to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases. The appropriate use of masks is necessary for effectively preventing the transmission of airborne bioaerosols. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests washing fabric masks or throwing away disposable masks after they are used. However, people often use masks more than once without washing or disposing them. The prolonged use of a single mask might—as a result of the user habitually touching the mask—promote the spread of pathogens from airborne bioaerosols that have accumulated on the mask. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate how long the living components of bioaerosols can be viable on the masks. Here, we evaluated the viability of airborne Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) in bioaerosols filtered on woven and anti-droplet (non-woven) face masks. As a simulation of being simultaneously exposed to sand dust and bioaerosols, the viability rates of bioaerosols that had accumulated on masks were also tested against fine dust and airborne droplets containing bacteria. The bioaerosols survived on the masks immediately after the masks were used to filter the bioaerosols, and the bacteria significantly proliferated after one day of storage. Thereafter, the number of viable cells in the filtered bioaerosols gradually decreased over time, and the viability of B. subtilis in bioaerosols on the masks varied, depending on the mask material used (woven or non-woven). Despite the reduction in viability, bioaerosols containing living components were still found in both woven and anti-droplet masks even after six days of storage and it took nine days not to have found them on masks. The number of viable cells in bioaerosols on masks significantly decreased upon exposure of the masks to fine dust. The results of this study should provide useful information on how to appropriately use masks to increase their duration of effectiveness against bioaerosols. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:04:23 | |
| Publikace | Atmosphere | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 1496 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 11 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/atmos12111496 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/M3PYJ7PC | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:08 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 15:22:38 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Mahshid Ataei | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Farshad M. Shirazi | |
| Autor | Samaneh Nakhaee | |
| Autor | Mohammad Abdollahi | |
| Autor | Omid Mehrpour | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-23 | |
| Abstrakt | After the spread of Covid 19 worldwide, the use of cloth masks increased significantly due to a shortage of medical masks. Meanwhile, there were different opinions about the effectiveness of these masks and, so far, no study has been done to find the best fabric masks. This study reviews and summarizes all studies related to fabric masks’ effectiveness and various fabrics against coronavirus. This systematic review is based on PRISMA rules. Two researchers separately examined three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Laboratory and clinical studies were included. After extracting the articles, their quality was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. In addition to efficacy, other factors, including the penetration of masks, pressure drop, and quality factor, were examined to select the best fabrics. Of the 42 studies selected, 39 were laboratory studies, and 3 were clinical studies. Among the various fabrics examined, cotton quilt 120 thread per inch (TPI), copy paper (bonded), hybrid of cotton with chiffon/ silk, and flannel filtration were found to have over 90% effectiveness in the particle size range of Covid-19. The results and comparison of different factors (pressure drop, filtration efficacy, penetration, filtration quality, and fit factor have been evaluated) showed that among different fabrics, hybrid masks, 2-layered cotton quilt, 2-layered 100% cotton, cotton flannel, and hairy tea towel + fleece sweater had the best performance. Clinical studies have not explicitly examined cloth masks’ effectiveness in Covid-19, so the effectiveness of these types of masks for Covid 19 is questionable, and more studies are needed. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 12:17:14 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Science and Pollution Research | |
| Krátký název | Assessment of cloth masks ability to limit Covid-19 particles spread | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1614-7499 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environ Sci Pollut Res | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11356-021-16847-2 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/68JEMBJ4 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:17:14 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:42:07 |
| Autor | R.V. Costa | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | C. Silva | |
| Autor | T. Sousa | |
| Autor | J. Bessa | |
| Autor | F. Cunha | |
| Autor | J. Belino | |
| Autor | G. Paixão | |
| Autor | R. Fangueiro | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Universal mask use has emerged as one of the main strategies for reducing community transmission of the SARS-COV-2 virus. Due to the scarcity of material to produce disposable surgical masks, the governmental strategy was oriented to the community masks, even though performance levels were still not the same. This study intended to develop a new generation of surgical masks with different warp knit structures, evaluating the potential of multilayer gradient performance. The assembling methodology was also considered by modifying flat-bed calendering process parameters and manipulating final structures into a new origami design concept, and the overall mask filtration performance was reviewed. The overlapping of monolayers increased the substrate resistance to air and water vapour permeability, also influencing the water molecule's adhesion. The introduction of the web allowed a better layer assembling during the flat-bad process. Moreover, the breathability and water vapour diffusion are compromised since the adhesive web with temperature tends to merge and occupy the empty spaces between the layers. Moving forward, calendared structures without a web proved to be the best approach, meeting the certification criteria for surgical masks level I and II. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 12:32:14 | |
| Publikace | TEXTEH Proceedings | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 2021 | |
| Rozsah | 26-34 | |
| ISSN | 2068-9101 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| DOI | 10.35530/TT.2021.05 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YWI6VP9P | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:32:14 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:40:00 |
| Autor | Andrew Gonzalez | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hamada A. Aboubakr | |
| Autor | John Brockgreitens | |
| Autor | Weixing Hao | |
| Autor | Yang Wang | |
| Autor | Sagar M. Goyal | |
| Autor | Abdennour Abbas | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-10-15 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique challenge to the healthcare community due to the high infectivity rate and need for effective personal protective equipment. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have shown promising antimicrobial properties and are recognized as a safe additive in many food and cosmetic products. This work presents a novel nanocomposite synthesis approach, which allows zinc oxide nanoparticles to be grown within textile and face mask materials, including melt-blown polypropylene and nylon-cotton. The resulting nanocomposite achieves greater than 3 log 10 reduction (&ge;&thinsp;99.9%) in coronavirus titer within a contact time of 10 minutes, by disintegrating the viral envelope. The new nanocomposite textile retains activity even after 100 laundry cycles and has been dermatologist tested as non-irritant and hypoallergenic. Various face mask designs were tested to improve filtration efficiency and breathability while offering antiviral protection, with Claros&rsquo; design reporting higher filtration efficiency than surgical masks (&gt;&thinsp;50%) for particles ranged 200nm to 5&micro;m in size. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:24:07 | |
| URL | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-821052/v1 | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-821052/v1 ISSN: 2693-5015 Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | Research Square | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FE8DCI8X | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:24:07 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:26:55 |
| Autor | Sanjay Banerjee | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Barnali Ghatak | |
| Autor | Sk. Babar Ali | |
| Autor | Krittish Roy | |
| Autor | Kuntal Maity | |
| Autor | Nityananda Das | |
| Autor | Rajib Bandyopadhyay | |
| Autor | Dipankar Mandal | |
| Autor | Bipan Tudu | |
| Editor | Lalit Garg | |
| Editor | Chinmay Chakraborty | |
| Editor | Saïd Mahmoudi | |
| Editor | Victor S. Sohmen | |
| Typ | Kapitola knihy | |
| Datum | 2021-10-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Since the early detection of COVID-19 infection in December 2019, the number of infected persons has been increasing day by day. In this present scenario, people worldwide are reorganizing their life taking safety precautions like doing frequent sanitization, wearing face masks, and avoiding social gathering to protect themselves from getting infected as the proven vaccine or lifesaving drugs are yet to be discovered. However, deficiency of face mask and their reusability have become a key issue because the used masks need to be discarded after some time.In this background, we propose the design of a self-powered (no external power source) face mask which does not require to be sterilized. The proposed mask is comprised of two differently charged tribo-series materials with outer electrocution layer. Different combinations of tribo-series (+ and −) materials have been chosen based on their triboelectric properties to generate static electricity. Nanofibers have been considered for their ability to generate a sufficient amount of triboelectricity. Multilayer of electrospun nanofiber-based tribo-materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-nylon and PVDF-poly(ethyl methacrylate) has been used due to the effective air filtration property of nanofibers and generating tribo electricity. In addition, the generated charge via utilization of contact electrification and electrostatic induction is amplified using a suitable energy harvesting circuit. The design of an outer electrocution layer has been made keeping a few nm distances in between the tribo-layers and the electrocution layer to avoid short-circuiting. Metallic nonwoven fabric has been taken in practice to design the outer electrocution layer. In this practice, the harvesting of triboelectric energy has been done using a suitable charging circuit which can generate sufficient voltage (few volts) to trigger the outer electrocution layer. During the wearer’s inhalation and exhalation, the inner tribo-layers produce triboelectric charges due to mechanical agitation between the layers. Additionally, acoustic or air vibration during talking and different facial expressions of the volunteer will also take part in the generation of effective triboelectric power. The viruses get electrocuted once the droplets containing viruses come in contact to the mask’s outer layer. In addition, the fitting comfort and the breathing permeability of the proposed mask are also ensured. In this chapter, we shall explain the face mask’s design and present the analysis results of different physiological inputs for the efficacy of the mask for killing the deadly virus. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:38:25 | |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72752-9_14 | |
| Série | EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing | |
| Vydavatel | Springer International Publishing | |
| Místo | Cham | |
| Krátký název | Towards the Development of Triboelectricity-Based Virus Killer Face Mask for COVID-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 269-283 | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-72752-9_14 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| ISBN | 978-3-030-72752-9 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DKUBDQ8V | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:38:25 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:41:08 |
| Autor | Dae Hoon Park | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jisoo Choi | |
| Autor | Amin Piri | |
| Autor | Jungho Hwang | |
| Autor | Jeong Hoon Byeon | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Safe-by-design concepts for anticoronaviral functions are important in the production of air filters, face masks, and touch substrates because these interventions may be effective in allowing continued socioeconomic activity and alleviation of the global recession. Recent attempts to provide anticoronaviral functions have involved alternative compositions and architectures aimed at producing nanoscale compounds for highly effective anticoronaviral activities. However, translating the nanocompounds to the field requires considerable investment and time as well as actual trials; thus, they may not be a viable option for timely deployment during the COVID-19 pandemic. With these considerations in mind, we have used sodium chloride, which is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), to functionalize nonwoven sheets as frequently touched surfaces. Specifically, we produced nano-dry-salt (NDS) particles through Collison-type atomization and subsequent diffusion drying, and these NDS particles were finally deposited on electret meltblown nonwovens in a single-pass air flow. The resulting GRAS NDS deposited electret nonwovens were examined for effectiveness in anticoronaviral function and aerosol filtration with pressure drop. The treated nonwovens exhibited significant inactivation of airborne human coronaviruses (surrogates of SARS-CoV-2) while retaining the original filtration performance, even under saliva droplet and dust exposures. Several realizable platforms can thus be presented to quickly incorporate NDS deposition in conventional nonwoven production. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 12:16:13 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Science: Nano | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 8 | |
| Číslo | 10 | |
| Rozsah | 2780-2791 | |
| Extra | Publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry | |
| ISSN | 2051-8161 | |
| Katalog knihovny | pubs.rsc.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environ. Sci.: Nano | |
| DOI | 10.1039/D1EN00369K | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7I9U9VNL | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:16:13 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:42:13 |
| Autor | Yuk Ha Cheung | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kaikai Ma | |
| Autor | Hans C. van Leeuwen | |
| Autor | Megan C. Wasson | |
| Autor | Xingjie Wang | |
| Autor | Karam B. Idrees | |
| Autor | Wei Gong | |
| Autor | Ran Cao | |
| Autor | John J. Mahle | |
| Autor | Timur Islamoglu | |
| Autor | Gregory W. Peterson | |
| Autor | Martijn C. de Koning | |
| Autor | John H. Xin | |
| Autor | Omar K. Farha | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-13 | |
| Abstrakt | The most recent global health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the alarming use of chemical warfare agents highlight the necessity to produce efficient protective clothing and masks against biohazard and chemical threats. However, the development of a multifunctional protective textile is still behind to supply adequate protection for the public. To tackle this challenge, we designed multifunctional and regenerable N-chlorine based biocidal and detoxifying textiles using a robust zirconium metal–organic framework (MOF), UiO-66-NH2, as a chlorine carrier which can be easily coated on textile fibers. A chlorine bleaching converted the amine groups located on the MOF linker to active N-chlorine structures. The fibrous composite exhibited rapid biocidal activity against both Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) with up to a 7 log reduction within 5 min for each strain as well as a 5 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 within 15 min. Moreover, the active chlorine loaded MOF/fiber composite selectively and rapidly degraded sulfur mustard and its chemical simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) with half-lives less than 3 minutes. The versatile MOF-based fibrous composite designed here has the potential to serve as protective cloth against both biological and chemical threats. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 12:15:53 | |
| Publikace | Journal of the American Chemical Society | |
| Ročník | 143 | |
| Číslo | 40 | |
| Rozsah | 16777-16785 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 0002-7863 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Am. Chem. Soc. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/jacs.1c08576 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/P726WEBZ | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:15:53 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:42:21 |
| Autor | Chavis A. Stackhouse | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shan Yan | |
| Autor | Lei Wang | |
| Autor | Kim Kisslinger | |
| Autor | Ryan Tappero | |
| Autor | Ashley R. Head | |
| Autor | Killian R. Tallman | |
| Autor | Esther S. Takeuchi | |
| Autor | David C. Bock | |
| Autor | Kenneth J. Takeuchi | |
| Autor | Amy C. Marschilok | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-13 | |
| Abstrakt | Use of masks is a primary tool to prevent the spread of the novel COVID-19 virus resulting from unintentional close contact with infected individuals. However, detailed characterization of the chemical properties and physical structure of common mask materials is lacking in the current literature. In this study, a series of commercial masks and potential mask materials, including 3M Particulate Respirator 8210 N95, a material provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory Carbon Fiber Technology Facility (ORNL/CFTF), and a Filti Face Mask Material, were characterized by a suite of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Wetting properties of the mask materials were quantified by measurements of contact angle with a saliva substitute. Mask pass-through experiments were performed using a dispersed metal oxide nanoparticle suspension to model the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with quantification via spatially resolved X-ray fluorescence mapping. Notably, all mask materials tested provided a strong barrier against respiratory droplet breakthrough. The comparisons and characterizations provided in this study provide useful information when evaluating mask materials for respiratory protection. | |
| Publikace | Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 40 | |
| Rozsah | 47996-48008 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000709458200065 | |
| ISSN | 1944-8244 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsami.1c11200 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/F9VHDV8M | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 12:24:52 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:40:10 |
| Autor | Ioatzin Rios de Anda | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jake W Wilkins | |
| Autor | Joshua F Robinson | |
| Autor | C Patrick Royall | |
| Autor | Richard P Sear | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-06 | |
| Abstrakt | During the COVID-19 pandemic, many millions have worn masks made of woven fabric, to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19. Masks are essentially air filters worn on the face, that should filter out as many of the dangerous particles as possible. Here the dangerous particles are the droplets containing virus that are exhaled by an infected person. Woven fabric is unlike the material used in standard air filters. Woven fabric consists of fibres twisted together into yarns that are then woven into fabric. There are therefore two lengthscales: the diameters of: (i) the fibre and (ii) the yarn. Standard air filters have only (i). To understand how woven fabrics filter, we have used confocal microscopy to take three dimensional images of woven fabric. We then used the image to perform Lattice Boltzmann simulations of the air flow through fabric. With this flow field we calculated the filtration efficiency for particles around a micrometre in diameter. We find that for particles in this size range, filtration efficiency is low (\(\sim 10\%\)) but increases with increasing particle size. These efficiencies are comparable to measurements made for fabrics. The low efficiency is due to most of the air flow being channeled through relatively large (tens of micrometres across) inter-yarn pores. So we conclude that our sampled fabric is expected to filter poorly due to the hierarchical structure of woven fabrics. | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.02856 | |
| Publikace | arXiv.org | |
| Krátký název | Modelling the filtration efficiency of a woven fabric | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central; Publicly Available Content Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2579879409 | |
| Extra | Place: Ithaca Publisher: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/C4B3WYRA | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:47:40 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:36:50 |
Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures
Copyright - © 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-10-08
| Autor | Scott Duncan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Paul Bodurtha | |
| Autor | Syed Naqvi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Face coverings are a key component of preventive health measure strategies to mitigate the spread of respiratory illnesses. In this study five groups of masks were investigated that are of particular relevance to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: re-usable, fabric two-layer and multi-layer masks, disposable procedure/surgical masks, KN95 and N95 filtering facepiece respirators. Experimental work focussed on the particle penetration through mask materials as a function of particle diameter, and the total inward leakage protection performance of the mask system. Geometric mean fabric protection factors varied from 1.78 to 144.5 for the fabric two-layer and KN95 materials, corresponding to overall filtration efficiencies of 43.8% and 99.3% using a flow rate of 17 L/min, equivalent to a breathing expiration rate for a person in a sedentary or standing position conversing with another individual. Geometric mean total inward leakage protection factors for the 2-layer, multi-layer and procedure masks were <2.3, while 6.2 was achieved for the KN95 masks. The highest values were measured for the N95 group at 165.7. Mask performance is dominated by face seal leakage. Despite the additional filtering layers added to cloth masks, and the higher filtration efficiency of the materials used in disposable procedure and KN95 masks, the total inward leakage protection factor was only marginally improved. N95 FFRs were the only mask group investigated that provided not only high filtration efficiency but high total inward leakage protection, and remain the best option to protect individuals from exposure to aerosol in high risk settings. The Mask Quality Factor and total inward leakage performance are very useful to determine the best options for masking. However, it is highly recommended that testing is undertaken on prospective products, or guidance is sought from impartial authorities, to confirm they meet any implied standards. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:34:00 | |
| Publikace | PLOS ONE | |
| Krátký název | The protective performance of reusable cloth face masks, disposable procedure masks, KN95 masks and N95 respirators | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 10 | |
| Rozsah | e0258191 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS ONE | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0258191 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2QSN9H93 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:47:40 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 12:38:39 |
Copyright - © 2021 Duncan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-10-11
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canada; Alberta Canada
| Autor | Doli Hazarika | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Naba Kumar Kalita | |
| Autor | Amit Kumar | |
| Autor | Vimal Katiyar | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-06 | |
| Abstrakt | This study endeavoured to explore and fabricate antiviral and antibacterial facemasks using zinc (oligo-lactate) (ZL), developed through a microwave synthesis technique. The prepared nano-fabric layer has excellent antiviral and antibacterial properties against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of ZL shows a two-step thermal degradation, which confirms the formation of low molecular weight end group lactyl units with zinc ions. Another investigation using varying ZL concentration and silk nanocrystal (SNC) with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and electrospinning them into nanofibres led to the fabrication of a facile and sustainable nanofabric that can be utilized as a protective layer for facemasks. Morphological analysis revealed the successful preparation of the nanofabric with proper distribution and uniformity in fibre diameter. Hydrophobicity of the prepared nanofabric confirmed excellent protection from water droplets that may transpire during coughing or sneezing by an infected individual. Breathability and reusability tests confirmed that the prepared facemask could be reused by ethanol washing without compromising its surface properties till 4 cycles. The PLA/ZL nanofabric layer demonstrated 97% antiviral efficacy against NDV in 10 minutes. In conclusion, the electrospun nanofabric layer can be used as a facemask having high hydrophobicity, good breathability, antibacterial, and antiviral properties to control the spread of contagious diseases. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:58:04 | |
| Publikace | RSC Advances | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 52 | |
| Rozsah | 32884-32897 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry | |
| Katalog knihovny | pubs.rsc.org | |
| DOI | 10.1039/D1RA05352C | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TLKNIHT3 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:58:04 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:22:58 |
| Autor | Yohei Takeda | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dulamjav Jamsransuren | |
| Autor | Tomokazu Nagao | |
| Autor | Yoko Fukui | |
| Autor | Sachiko Matsuda | |
| Autor | Haruko Ogawa | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-6 | |
| Abstrakt | As a result of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, strengthening control measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become an urgent global issue. In addition to antiviral therapy and vaccination strategies, applying available virucidal substances for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation is also a target of research to prevent the spread of infection. Here, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation activity of a copper iodide (CuI) nanoparticle dispersion, which provides Cu+ ions having high virucidal activity, and its mode of actions. In addition, the utility of CuI-doped film and fabric for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation was evaluated. The CuI dispersion exhibited time-dependent rapid virucidal activity. Analyses of the modes of action of CuI performed by Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription-PCR targeting viral proteins and the genome revealed that CuI treatment induced the destruction of these viral components. In this setting, the indirect action of CuI-derived reactive oxygen species contributed to the destruction of viral protein. Moreover, the CuI-doped film and fabric demonstrated rapid inactivation of the SARS-CoV-2 solution in which the viral titer was high. These findings indicated the utility of the CuI-doped film and fabric as anti-SARS-CoV-2 materials for the protection of high-touch environmental surfaces and surgical masks/protective clothes. Throughout this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of CuI nanoparticles for inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and revealed a part of its virucidal mechanism of action. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:00:24 | |
| Publikace | Applied and Environmental Microbiology | |
| Jazyk | EN | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology. | |
| Místo v archivu | 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Society for Microbiology 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC | |
| Katalog knihovny | journals.asm.org | |
| DOI | 10.1128/AEM.01824-21 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EHFJWTW5 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 14:00:24 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:26:53 |
| Autor | William G. Lindsley | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Francoise M. Blachere | |
| Autor | Donald H. Beezhold | |
| Autor | Brandon F. Law | |
| Autor | Raymond C. Derk | |
| Autor | Justin M. Hettick | |
| Autor | Karen Woodfork | |
| Autor | William T. Goldsmith | |
| Autor | James R. Harris | |
| Autor | Matthew G. Duling | |
| Autor | Brenda Boutin | |
| Autor | Timothy Nurkiewicz | |
| Autor | Theresa Boots | |
| Autor | Jayme Coyle | |
| Autor | John D. Noti | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Universal mask wearing is recommended to help control the spread of COVID-19. Masks reduce the expulsion of aerosols of respiratory fluids into the environment (called source control) and offer some protection to the wearer. Masks are often characterized using filtration efficiency, airflow resistance, and manikin or human fit factors, which are standard metrics used for personal protective devices. However, none of these metrics are direct measurements of how effectively a mask blocks coughed and exhaled aerosols. We studied the source control performance of 15 cloth masks (face masks, neck gaiters, and bandanas), two medical masks, and two N95 filtering facepiece respirators by measuring their ability to block aerosols <= 7 mu m expelled during simulated coughing and exhalation (called source control collection efficiency). These measurements were compared with filtration efficiencies, airflow resistances, and fit factors measured on manikin headforms and humans. Collection efficiencies for the cloth masks ranged from 17% to 71% for coughing and 35% to 66% for exhalation. Filtration efficiencies for the cloth masks ranged from 1.4% to 98%, while the fit factors were 1.3 to 7.4 on headforms and 1.0 to 4.0 on human subjects. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between the source control collection efficiencies and the standard metrics ranged from 0.03 to 0.68 and were significant in all but two cases. However, none of the standard metrics were strongly correlated with source control performance. A better understanding of the relationships between source control collection efficiency, filtration efficiency, airflow resistance, and fit factor is needed. | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 10 | |
| Rozsah | 1125-1142 | |
| Extra | Place: Philadelphia Publisher: Taylor & Francis Inc WOS:000661389000001 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Sci. Technol. | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2021.1933377 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4NGEGBW4 | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:14:21 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:37:08 |
| Autor | B. Osman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | H. Mahmud | |
| Autor | N.L.A. Rani | |
| Autor | T.A. Ibrahim | |
| Autor | I. Ismail | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction: With the fear of uncertain behaviours and mechanisms of the coronavirus in the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic, people are required to cover their mouth and nose to prevent the spread of the virus. This has become a challenge as most countries struggle with the dwindling stocks of face masks. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggested the use of cloth masks as a substitute. In an effort to find suitable materials that serve this purpose and ensure sufficient protection afforded, the masks need to be tested. Methods: In this study, the penetration and breathing resistance of 13 easily obtained household materials potentially used by the public as face masks, were randomly selected and tested by using TSI Model 8130 Automated Filter Tester, while the thickness was measured by S-Cal EVO Proximity caliper. Results: The level of thickness ranged between 0.25 mm (satin) and 4.83 mm (diaper). Double-layer denim material showed the lowest percentage of penetration (Median, IQR: 27.50%, 27.05-28.80) while the greatest was single-layer lycra (Median, IQR: 90.60%, 80.80-92.10). Single-layer chiffon fabric showed the best breathing resistance (Median, IQR in mmH2O: 1.30, 0.90, 1.45) while the worst was diaper (Median, IQR in mmH2O: 87.20, 86.95, 87.25). Conclusion: Double-layer dried wet tissue, single-layer tissue paper and double-layer non-woven fabric can be considered to be used as face masks due to their efficiency based on penetration and breathing resistance factors. © 2021 UPM Press. All rights reserved. | |
| URL | https://medic.upm.edu.my/upload/dokumen/202111231850499)_2021_0475.pdf | |
| Publikace | Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences | |
| Ročník | 17 | |
| Rozsah | 59-64 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| ISSN | 2636-9346 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N57U848L | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 13:55:08 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:31:38 |
Export Date: 16 December 2021
Export Date: 16 December 2021
| Autor | Parthasarathi Kalaiselvan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shyam Sunder Tummanapalli | |
| Autor | Ajay Kumar Vijay | |
| Autor | Prateek Bahl | |
| Autor | Chandini Raina MacIntyre | |
| Autor | Mark D. P. Willcox | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09-30 | |
| Abstrakt | Background The aim of the current study was to examine the ability of face masks to reduce transmission of microbes in aerosols and during speech. Methods Different face masks, surgical, medical P2 and cloth masks with different layers were used. The masks were tested under the ASTM standard F2101-1 to measure their ability to reduce the transmission of aerosolised Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial cells in different sized aerosols were captured on agar plates. The ability of masks to reduce the transmission of bacteria during speech over 30 cm was measured. Bacteria were captured in masks or on agar plates at a distance of 30 cm during the speech. Results All masks reduced the transmission of aerosolised S. aureus (p <= 0.007). The medical P2 and cloth masks with three layers reduced the transmission of S. aureus aerosols (3.3 mu m) by 98% and surgical and seven-layer masks reduced this by 100%. An antibacterial silver mask showed significantly greater transmission of S. aureus in aerosols of 4.7 mu m (16 +/- 6 cells) and 3.3 mu m (122 +/- 66 cells) compared to all other masks (0-3 cells and 0-15 cells, respectively; p <= 0.016). Surgical and three-layer masks had significantly worse filtration of 1.1 mu m aerosols than for other aerosol sizes. Wearing a mask reduced the transmission of bacteria during speech, but the inner surface of these masks became contaminated with 528-3060 bacterial cells. Conclusions Face masks effectively reduce the transmission of microbes in laboratory tests. Face masks made with seven layers were very effective at stopping transmission of S. aureus in all aerosol particle sizes. However, face masks become rapidly contaminated during wear. If masks are to be re-used, they should be regularly replaced or appropriately washed. | |
| Publikace | Clinical and Experimental Optometry | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Rozsah | 1-8 | |
| Extra | Place: Abingdon Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd WOS:000702221200001 | |
| ISSN | 0816-4622 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Clin. Exp. Optom. | |
| DOI | 10.1080/08164622.2021.1971050 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HQYJNJUK | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:50:43 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:47:43 |
| Autor | Zoe A. Pollard | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Madeline Karod | |
| Autor | Jillian L. Goldfarb | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Global health organizations recommend the use of cloth face coverings to slow the spread of COVID-19. Seemingly overnight, companies whose primary business is in no way related to healthcare or personal protective equipment-from mattresses manufacturers to big box stores-transitioned into the "mask business." Many companies advertise antimicrobial masks containing silver, copper, or other antimicrobials. Often, the techniques used to load such antimicrobials onto mask fibers are undisclosed, and the potential for metal leaching from these masks is yet unknown. We exposed nine so-called "antimicrobial" face masks (and one 100% cotton control mask) to deionized water, laundry detergent, and artificial saliva to quantify the leachable silver and copper that may occur during mask washing and wearing. Leaching varied widely across manufacturer, metal, and leaching solution, but in some cases was as high as 100% of the metals contained in the as-received mask after 1 h of exposure. | |
| Publikace | Scientific Reports | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 19216 | |
| Extra | Place: Berlin Publisher: Nature Portfolio WOS:000701575500024 | |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sci Rep | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-021-98577-6 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/GUWUDFAM | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:51:54 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:31:51 |
| Autor | Richard J Everts | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shadha Al Ghusaini | |
| Autor | Lucy Telfar-Barnard | |
| Autor | Ella Barclay | |
| Autor | Shaun Tan | |
| Autor | Sonja Jekel | |
| Autor | Lance Jennings | |
| Autor | Dong Hoon Choi | |
| Autor | Dougal Hilson | |
| Autor | Barbara Gibson | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Medical masks have inferior filtration efficiency and fit to filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) but are widely used in healthcare and the community. These masks are intended for disposal after use but in the event of mask shortage re-use after reprocessing may be an option. We investigated eight reprocessing methods that each involved washing or soaking in liquid, are likely to eliminate respiratory viruses, and are safe and available in most community and healthcare settings.Three brands of EN 14683 standards-compliant commercial medical mask were each reprocessed 10 times by one of eight methods. We measured filtration efficiency for poly-dispersed sodium chloride particles and pressure differential.Compared with new medical masks, reprocessed masks had significantly reduced filtration efficiency. The reduction was mild-moderate (6.5–25.8%) after warm water wash, hot water soak or boiling water soak; and moderate-large (24.1–51.5%) after detergent, soap or laundry machine wash, or bleach soak. There were mixed and minor changes in pressure differential. Most reprocessed standards-compliant masks had better filtration efficiency than new non-standard commercial masks and then cotton and cotton-polyester mix fabric samples, even triple-layered fabrics.High-quality commercial medical masks reprocessed 10 times by water immersion methods had better filtration efficiency than new non-standard masks and washable fabrics. These findings have particular relevance for community and low-resource healthcare settings. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:17:51 | |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxab079 | |
| Publikace | Annals of Work Exposures and Health | |
| Číslo | wxab079 | |
| ISSN | 2398-7308 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Annals of Work Exposures and Health | |
| DOI | 10.1093/annweh/wxab079 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8QN27SXG | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:17:51 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:27:55 |
| Autor | T. J. Cuthbert | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | S. Ennis | |
| Autor | S. F. Musolino | |
| Autor | H. L. Buckley | |
| Autor | M. Niikura | |
| Autor | J. E. Wulff | |
| Autor | C. Menon | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09-24 | |
| Abstrakt | The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the weaknesses of relying on single-use mask and respirator personal protective equipment (PPE) and the global supply chain that supports this market. There have been no major innovations in filter technology for PPE in the past two decades. Non-woven textiles used for filtering PPE are single-use products in the healthcare environment; use and protection is focused on preventing infection from airborne or aerosolized pathogens such as Influenza A virus or SARS-CoV-2. Recently, C–H bond activation under mild and controllable conditions was reported for crosslinking commodity aliphatic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Significantly, these are the same types of polymers used in PPE filtration systems. In this report, we take advantage of this C–H insertion method to covalently attach a photosensitizing zinc-porphyrin to the surface of a melt-blow non-woven textile filter material. With the photosensitizer covalently attached to the surface of the textile, illumination with visible light was expected to produce oxidizing 1O2/ROS at the surface of the material that would result in pathogen inactivation. The filter was tested for its ability to inactivate Influenza A virus, an enveloped RNA virus similar to SARS-CoV-2, over a period of four hours with illumination of high intensity visible light. The photosensitizer-functionalized polypropylene filter inactivated our model virus by 99.99% in comparison to a control. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:18:22 | |
| Publikace | Scientific Reports | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 19029 | |
| Práva | 2021 The Author(s) | |
| Extra | Bandiera_abtest: a Cc_license_type: cc_by Cg_type: Nature Research Journals Number: 1 Primary_atype: Research Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Subject_term: Biomedical materials;Materials for devices;Photochemistry;Polymer chemistry;Surface chemistry Subject_term_id: biomedical-materials;materials-for-devices;photochemistry;polymer-chemistry;surface-chemistry | |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.nature.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sci Rep | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-021-98280-6 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LVVKUZ2U | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:18:22 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:27:36 |
| Autor | Lucas Stolle | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rohit Nalamasu | |
| Autor | Robert Rodenbeck | |
| Autor | Kyle Davidson | |
| Autor | Caitlin Smarelli | |
| Autor | Scot Rosko | |
| Autor | Josh Wales | |
| Autor | Jo Ann K. LeQuang | |
| Autor | Joseph Pergolizzi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09-23 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is urgently sought during public health crises. It is necessary for the safety of both the patient and the healthcare professional. Yet during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, PPE scarcity in many countries, including the United States, has impacted the level of care for patients and the safety of healthcare personnel. Additionally, the implementation of mandatory mask mandates for the general public in many countries forced individuals to either reuse PPE, which can contribute to poor hygiene, or buy PPE in bulk and thereby contribute to the scarcity of PPE. In this study, we investigate the possibility of using a cost-effective ozone sterilization unit on contaminated N95 masks as an alternative to current sterilization methods. Method: This protocol examined ozone's ability to decontaminate N95 mask fabric that was exposed to a surrogate virus (Escherichia coli bacteriophage MS2). Once the sterilization unit achieves an ozone concentration of similar to 30 ppm, a 60-minute or 120-minute sterilization cycle commences. Following the sterilization cycle, we investigated the amount of viable virus on the slide using a viral plaque assay and compared it to a non-sterilized, control slide. Furthermore, we carried out trials to investigate the safety of an ozone sterilization device, by measuring the levels of ozone exposure that individuals may experience when operating the sterilization unit post-cycle. Results: We showed that a 120-minute sterilization cycle at similar to 30 ppm achieves a 3-log reduction in viral activity, thereby complying with industry and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. Further, we demonstrated that when following our protocol, the ozone exposure levels for a simple sterilization unit to be used at home complied with federal and industry standards. Conclusion: Ozone may have the potential to decontaminate masks and other PPE. | |
| Publikace | Cureus | |
| Krátký název | Ozone | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | e18228 | |
| Extra | Place: Palo Alto Publisher: Cureus Inc WOS:000701753900004 | |
| ISSN | 2168-8184 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Cureus | |
| DOI | 10.7759/cureus.18228 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DUJT24A6 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:53:13 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:31:37 |
| Autor | Peter L. Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alex Roschli | |
| Autor | M. Parans Paranthaman | |
| Autor | Merlin Theodore | |
| Autor | Corson L. Cramer | |
| Autor | Chris Zangmeister | |
| Autor | Yuepeng Zhang | |
| Autor | Jeffrey J. Urban | |
| Autor | Lonnie Love | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09-15 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a surge in demand for N95 or equivalent respirators that the global supply chain was unable to satisfy. This shortage in critical equipment has inspired research that addresses the immediate problems and has accelerated the development of the next-generation filtration media and respirators. This article provides a brief review of the most recent work with regard to face respirators and filtration media. We discuss filtration efficiency of the widely utilized cloth masks. Next, the sterilization of and reuse of existing N95 respirators to extend the existing stockpile is discussed. To expand near-term supplies, optimization of current manufacturing methods, such as melt-blown processes and electrospinning, has been explored. Future manufacturing methods have been investigated to address long-term supply shortages. Novel materials with antiviral and sterilizable properties with the ability for multiple reuses have been developed and will contribute to the development of the next generation of longer lasting multi-use N95 respirators. Finally, additively manufactured respirators are reviewed, which enable a rapidly deployable source of reusable respirators that can use any filtration fabric. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:19:33 | |
| Publikace | MRS Bulletin | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1938-1425 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | MRS Bulletin | |
| DOI | 10.1557/s43577-021-00173-6 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RH2FEKWD | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:53:13 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:31:24 |
| Autor | Malgorzata Zimniewska | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Henryk Witmanowski | |
| Autor | Anna Kicinska-Jakubowska | |
| Autor | Arkadiusz Jundzill | |
| Autor | Edyta Kwiatkowska | |
| Autor | Barbara Romanowska | |
| Autor | Lukasz B Malinowski | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09-07 | |
| Abstrakt | The aim of this study was to explore the possibility to re-use disposable masks in order to prevent excessive waste generation during the pandemic period., The COVID-19 pandemic has caused rapidly increasing waste production resulting from the necessity of common usage of disposable personal protective equipment. This research covers the evaluation of the structure of surgical masks subjected to a threefold steam, gas or plasma sterilization process in order to verify the possibility of their re-use., The results of the study showed that gas sterilization even after three cycles did not cause significant changes in mask structure or air permeability. Hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization caused significant changes in the structure of layer A after the third cycle of sterilization; nonetheless, it did not influence the air permeability of the mask. A significant reduction in the cover ratio of layers composing surgical masks causes an increase of air permeability in the case of steam sterilization, leading to a reduction of the mechanical ability to prevent the penetration of microorganisms. The reduction in cover ratio limits the filtration efficiency., Surgical masks subjected to threefold gas sterilization can be recommended for re-use. This allows one to use the mask thrice, ensuring safety for users and limiting the mask-waste production to one-third of the volume compared with when the mask is used once., The volume of mask-waste can be reduced with the application of the sterilization process for used masks during the pandemic period. Currently, it is not possible to sterilize all one-use masks, but implementation of this method in hospitals and medical centers is a step in the pro-environmental direction. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:59:53 | |
| Publikace | Textile Research Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 00405175211042889 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd STM | |
| ISSN | 0040-5175 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Textile Research Journal | |
| DOI | 10.1177/00405175211042889 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/P7X5BML9 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:53:13 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:31:08 |
| Autor | Dalia Saber | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Khaled Abd El-Aziz | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09-05 | |
| Abstrakt | The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has generated great confusion around the world, affecting people’s lives and producing a large number of deaths. The development of portable and wearable devices is of great importance in several fields such as point-of-care medical applications and environmental monitoring. Wearable devices with an ability to collect various types of physiological records are progressively becoming incorporated into everyday life of people. Physiological indicators are essential health indicators and their monitoring could efficiently enable early discovery of disease. This would also help decrease the number of extra severe health problems, in disease avoidance, and lower the overall public sector health cost. Protective clothing is nowadays a main part of textiles classified as technical or industrial textiles. Protective clothing aims to protect its wearer from the harsh environmental impacts that may result in injury or death. Providing protection for the common population has also been taken seriously considering the anticipated disaster due to virus attacks. This review highlights the properties of the materials that are used in wearable health care device and medical textiles. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:36:03 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Industrial Textiles | |
| Krátký název | Advanced materials used in wearable health care devices and medical textiles in the battle against coronavirus (COVID-19) | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 15280837211041771 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd STM | |
| ISSN | 1528-0837 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Industrial Textiles | |
| DOI | 10.1177/15280837211041771 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/V8CRIMSA | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:54:04 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:30:50 |
| Autor | Fernando G. Morais | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Victor K. Sakano | |
| Autor | Lucas N. de Lima | |
| Autor | Marco A. Franco | |
| Autor | Daniel Costa Reis | |
| Autor | Liz M. Zanchetta | |
| Autor | Fabio Jorge | |
| Autor | Eduardo Landulfo | |
| Autor | Luiz Henrique Catalani | |
| Autor | Henrique M. J. Barbosa | |
| Autor | Vanderley M. John | |
| Autor | Paulo Artaxo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | September 2, 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | The use of face masks is mandatory in public places in many countries to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In developing countries, homemade masks with varying techniques and fabrics are used on the streets. On these fabric masks, the protection against SARS-CoV-2 varies significantly. The most common mask types are N95, surgical masks, and homemade nonwoven and cotton masks. The performance of 227 different face masks used in Brazil was evaluated to quantify their breathability and filtration efficiency (FE) for airborne particles. FE values were measured using NaCl aerosol particles sized from 60 to 300 nm and at 300 nm, minimum efficiency. The differential pressure drop over the mask and the FEmin at 300 nm was used to calculate the mask Quality Factor (QF). The N95 masks showed the highest FE60-300, around 0.98, and a QF of 13.2 KPa−1, and were considered the reference for evaluating homemade masks performance. Surgical masks have an FE60-300 of 0.89, with a good QF of 15.9 KPa−1. Nonwoven masks showed an average FE60-300 of 0.78, with an excellent QF of 24.9 KPa−1, and can be regarded as the best material for homemade masks. The most commonly used material for homemade masks, cotton fabrics, showed significant variability in FE60-300, ranging from a low 0.20–0.60, with a low QF of 1.4 KPa−1. Masks always reduce droplets and aerosols emitted by COVID-19 symptomatic and asymptomatic persons, reducing SARS-CoV-2 contamination.Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:04:54 | |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2021.1915466 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 1028-1041 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2021.1915466 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Sci. Technol. | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2021.1915466 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K4P4DGQ7 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 8:55:19 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:19:00 |
| Autor | Siddharth Doshi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Samhita P Banavar | |
| Autor | Eliott Flaum | |
| Autor | Surendra Kulkarni | |
| Autor | Ulhas Vaidya | |
| Autor | Shailabh Kumar | |
| Autor | Tyler Chen | |
| Autor | Arnab Bhattacharya | |
| Autor | Manu Prakash | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Global shortages of N95 respirators have led to an urgent need of N95 decontamination and reuse methods that are scientifically validated and available world-wide. Although several large scale decontamination methods have been proposed (hydrogen peroxide vapor, UV-C); many of them are not applicable in remote and low-resource settings. Heat with humidity has been demonstrated as a promising decontamination approach, but care must be taken when implementing this method at a grassroots level. Here we present a simple, scalable method to provide controlled humidity and temperature for individual N95 respirators which is easily applicable in low-resource settings. N95 respirators were subjected to moist heat (>50% relative humidity, 65–80°C temperature) for over 30 minutes by placing them in a sealed container immersed in water that had been brought to a rolling boil and removed from heat, and then allowing the containers to sit for over 45 minutes. Filtration efficiency of 0.3–4.99 μm incense particles remained above 97% after 5 treatment cycles across all particle size sub-ranges. This method was then repeated at a higher ambient temperature and humidity in Mumbai, using standard utensils commonly found in South Asia. Similar temperature and humidity profiles were achieved with no degradation in filtration efficiencies after 6 cycles. Higher temperatures (>70°C) and longer treatment times (>40 minutes) were obtained by insulating the outer vessel. We also showed that the same method can be applied for the decontamination of surgical masks. This simple yet reliable method can be performed even without electricity access using any heat source to boil water, from open-flame stoves to solar heating, and provides a low-cost route for N95 decontamination globally applicable in resource-constrained settings. | |
| Publikace | PLoS One | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central; Publicly Available Content Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2578156986 | |
| Extra | Place: San Francisco Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0255338 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/P683YGTZ | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:47:40 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:36:29 |
Copyright - © 2021 Doshi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Název - Stanford University
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-10-05
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mumbai India; United States--US; California; Bangladesh; Pakistan; India
| Autor | B van Straten | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | P D Robertson | |
| Autor | H Oussoren | |
| Autor | S Pereira Espindola | |
| Autor | E Ghanbari | |
| Autor | J Dankelman | |
| Autor | S Picken | |
| Autor | T Horeman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Face masks, also referred to as half masks, are essential to protect healthcare professionals working in close contact with patients with COVID-19-related symptoms. Because of the Corona material shortages, healthcare institutions sought an approach to reuse face masks or to purchase new, imported masks. The filter quality of these masks remained unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the quality of sterilized and imported FFP2/KN95 face masks. Methods A 48-minute steam sterilization process of single-use FFP2/KN95 face masks with a 15 minute holding time at 121°C was developed, validated and implemented in the Central Sterilization Departments (CSSD) of 19 different hospitals. Masks sterilized by steam and H2O2 plasma as well as new, imported masks were tested for particle filtration efficiency (PFE) and pressure drop in a custom-made test setup. Results The results of 84 masks tested on the PFE dry particle test setup showed differences of 2.3±2% (mean±SD). Test data showed that the mean PFE values of 444 sterilized FFP2 face masks from the 19 CSSDs were 90±11% (mean±SD), and those of 474 new, imported KN95/FFP2 face masks were 83±16% (mean±SD). Differences in PFE of masks received from different sterilization departments were found. Conclusion Face masks can be reprocessed with 121 °C steam or H2O2 plasma sterilization with a minimal reduction in PFE. PFE comparison between filter material of sterilized masks and new, imported masks indicates that the filter material of most reprocessed masks of high quality brands can outperform new, imported face masks of unknown brands. Although the PFE of tested face masks from different sterilization departments remained efficient, using different types of sterilization equipment, can result in different PFE outcomes. | |
| URL | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/can-sterilization-disposable-face-masks-be/docview/2572514446/se-2 | |
| Publikace | PLoS One | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central; Publicly Available Content Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2572514446 | |
| Extra | Place: San Francisco Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0257468 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/P65ECFV5 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:47:41 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:40:47 |
Copyright - © 2021 van Straten et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Název - National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health; Delft University of Technology
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-09-15
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Netherlands
| Autor | Marie-Line Andreola | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fréderic Becquart | |
| Autor | Wahbi Jomaa | |
| Autor | Paul O Verhoeven | |
| Autor | Gérard Baldacchino | |
| Autor | Simon Hemour | |
| Autor | D-Mask consortium | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The widespread use of facemasks throughout the population is recommended by the WHO to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As some regions of the world are facing mask shortages, reuse may be necessary. However, used masks are considered as a potential hazard that may spread and transmit disease if they are not decontaminated correctly and systematically before reuse. As a result, the inappropriate decontamination practices that are commonly witnessed in the general public are challenging management of the epidemic at a large scale. To achieve public acceptance and implementation, decontamination procedures need to be low-cost and simple. We propose the use of hot hygroscopic materials to decontaminate non-medical facemasks in household settings. We report on the inactivation of a viral load on a facial mask exposed to hot hygroscopic materials for 15 minutes. As opposed to recent academic studies whereby decontamination is achieved by maintaining heat and humidity above a given value, a more flexible procedure is proposed here using a slow decaying pattern, which is both effective and easier to implement, suggesting straightforward public deployment and hence reliable implementation by the population. | |
| Publikace | PLoS One | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central; Publicly Available Content Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2570021559 | |
| Extra | Place: San Francisco Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0255148 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9Q2DCYYW | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:47:41 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:34:29 |
Copyright - © 2021 Andreola et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-09-14
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - France
| Autor | Abdul Salam | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Tufail Hassan | |
| Autor | Tooba Jabri | |
| Autor | Shagufta Riaz | |
| Autor | Amina Khan | |
| Autor | Kanwal Muhammad Iqbal | |
| Autor | Saif ullah Khan | |
| Autor | Muhammad Wasim | |
| Autor | Muhammad Raza Shah | |
| Autor | Muhammad Qamar Khan | |
| Autor | Ick-Soo Kim | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Designing novel antiviral personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial for preventing viral infections such as COVID-19 in humans. Here, we fabricate an electrospun nanofiber-based Viroblock (VB)-loaded polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid nanocomposite for PPE applications. Five different concentrations of Viroblock (0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, and 5%) were added to PAN/ZnO solution and loaded for electrospinning. The developed samples reflected antibacterial activity of 92.59% and 88.64% against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, respectively, with 5% VB loading. Moreover, a significant reduction in virus titer (37%) was observed with the 5% VB/PAN/ZnO nanofiber sheet. Hence, VB-loaded PAN/ZnO nanofibers have great potential to kill enveloped viruses such as influenzas and coronaviruses and could be the ideal candidate for the development of nanofiber-based PPE, such as facemasks and surgical gowns, which can play a key role in the protection of frontline health workers and the general public in the COVID-19 pandemic. | |
| Publikace | Nanomaterials | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 2208 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000701414200001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Nanomaterials | |
| DOI | 10.3390/nano11092208 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/F8ACHDNW | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:54:04 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:30:28 |
| Autor | Adrian Stan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sandro Steiner | |
| Autor | Shoaib Majeed | |
| Autor | Sandra Schorderet Weber | |
| Autor | Samik Gosh | |
| Autor | Tanja Zivkovic Semren | |
| Autor | Philippe Alexandre Guy | |
| Autor | Stefan Lebrun | |
| Autor | Jerome Steinhauser | |
| Autor | Yanik Tardy | |
| Autor | Andreas Hogg | |
| Autor | Sophie Chiquet | |
| Autor | Jean-Luc Perret | |
| Autor | Arkadiusz Kuczaj | |
| Autor | Manuel Peitsch | |
| Autor | Julia Hoeng | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), triggered by the rapid community spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has brought forward the need for speedy testing and manufacturing of respiratory face masks for global use. Overwhelmed by the fast-growing demand for disposable face masks, many governments have recommended the use of, and elaborated design criteria for, reusable face masks that are meant to slow down the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the general population. Using aerosol particle size spectrometers, we performed particle size distribution measurements and calculated the fractional aerosol particle size-selective filtration efficiencies of over 300 fabrics and fabricassemblies, including chiffon, cotton, synthetics, and various promising layered combinations. We suggest, and experimentally verify, a simple way for estimating the aerosol filtration efficiency of layered fabrics. The analysis herein investigates the relationship between the breathability and filtration properties of fabrics, assemblies of fabrics, and commercial reusable masks from various regions around the globe. In addition, we demonstrate how a hydrophobic coating can provide a statistically significant increase in the fabrics' filtration efficiency. The insights of this work are crucial to developing non-woven, high-filtration-performance, reusable face masks that can be worn for extended periods of time. | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 210052 | |
| Extra | Place: Taichung County Publisher: Taiwan Assoc Aerosol Res-Taar WOS:000697053900013 | |
| ISSN | 1680-8584 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.210052 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/P2IGQ3Z8 | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:29:40 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:37:19 |
| Autor | M. Prudhvi Krishna | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Simeon A. Babalola | |
| Autor | Samik Dutta | |
| Autor | Shitanshu Shekhar Chakraborty | |
| Autor | Murugan Thangadurai | |
| Autor | Himadri Roy | |
| Autor | Nilrudra Mandal | |
| Autor | Harish Hirani | |
| Autor | Poulomi Roy | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The pandemic COVID-19, caused by SARS-COV-2 virus has shaken the entire world with no such remedy till date. The only possible way to stop transmission of SARS-COV-2 is to take safety precautions including use of facemask. With the ever-increasing concern on the disease, it is necessary to choose facemask components to achieve the performance as good as commercially available N95 masks in a cost-effective way. This investigation compares the effectiveness of five different 3-layered masks with N95 mask in terms of pressure drop and aerosol filtration capabilities. Different combinations of cotton, polypropylene fabric, tissue and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) were used as mask materials. In comparison to N95 mask, the result shows that the 3-layered cotton mask has much lesser pressure drop but least droplet filtration efficiency, while polypropylene-HEPA-polypropylene mask is seen as the best cost-effective alternative to N95 in terms of droplets filtration efficiency and breathability. These findings are crucial to make the right non-medical facemask to combat COVID-19 and other airborne diseases. | |
| Publikace | Sadhana-Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 46 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 119 | |
| Extra | Place: New Delhi Publisher: Springer India WOS:000691473100001 | |
| ISSN | 0256-2499 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sadhana-Acad. Proc. Eng. Sci. | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12046-021-01634-z | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VCFM26MV | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 15:17:05 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:37:26 |
| Autor | Erkan Deniz | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Serhat Sibar | |
| Autor | Ozgun Kilic | |
| Autor | Suhan Ayhan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: The pandemic caused by the new type of coronavirus (coronavirus disease 2019) has led to a serious increase in the demand for personal protective equipment, especially the mask. Depending on the increasing demand, many types of masks have been used in the pandemic process between health-care professionals and the community. Aims and Objectives: In our study, it was planned to evaluate N95, green, white surgical, and fabric woven masks with a fluorescent angiography (SPY (R)) device for protection. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of the masks, models with and without mannequins are used. In both study models, indocyanine green was squeezed from the masks at a distance of 50 cm and the staining values of masks and mannequin faces were evaluated with fluorescent angiography (SPY (R)) device. Results: The most dyeing fabric was observed in the woven mask, while the least dyeing was observed in the N95 mask. In the model without mannequin, it was observed that the highest protection was in the N95 mask and the least protection was in the fabric woven mask. The most dyeing on the face was observed on the mannequin in which the woven mask was removed, and the least dyeing on the face was observed on the mannequin in which the N95 mask was removed. Green and white surgical masks were found to have similar protective rates. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, where the effectiveness of the mask was evaluated for the first time by using a fluorescent angiography (SPY (R)) device from a plastic surgery perspective, it was found that the N95 mask had the highest protection, the green and white surgical masks were similar, and the fabric woven mask had the least protection. | |
| Publikace | Turkish Journal of Plastic Surgery | |
| Krátký název | Comparison of Effectiveness of Four Facial Masks used during the COVID-19 Pandemic using Indocyanine Green and Fluorescent Angiography Device | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 29 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 166-171 | |
| Extra | Place: Mumbai Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications WOS:000680336400004 | |
| ISSN | 1300-6878 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Turk. J. Plast. Surg. | |
| DOI | 10.4103/tjps.tjps_105_20 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/P8F5UUB2 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:57:25 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:28:55 |
| Autor | Sumit Sankhyan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Karen N. Heinselman | |
| Autor | Peter N. Ciesielski | |
| Autor | Teresa Barnes | |
| Autor | Michael E. Himmel | |
| Autor | Hannah Teed | |
| Autor | Sameer Patel | |
| Autor | Marina E. Vance | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-27 | |
| Abstrakt | In this study, filtration efficiency of different respirators, face masks, and a 2-ply cotton handkerchief bandana was compared for particles in the size range of 60 nm–4 µm under a “perfect fit” condition. The filtration efficiency at the most penetrating particle size of 0.3 µm on average ranged from 83–99% for N95 and KN95 respirators, 42–88% for surgical masks, 16–23% for cloth masks, and 9% for bandana. We also investigated the effects of using double surgical masks or layering a cloth mask over various surgical masks in terms of their filtration characteristics. In most of these combinations, the filtration efficiency improved by ~25% for particles 0.3–1 µm in diameter without any substantial change in the filter quality factor when compared to the highest of the individual mask results. To investigate the reusability of cotton cloth masks, 2-layer cotton fabric sample coupons were machine washed and dried for 52 cycles leading to an increase in inhalation resistance (~20 Pa) without affecting size-resolved filtration efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that washing and drying led to the gradual deconstruction of cotton fibers at the scale of several micrometers to hundreds of nanometers in the form of delamination of the fiber wall and fibrillation of the nanofiber constituents. Results indicate that cloth masks may be layered over surgical masks for additional benefits, and that cloth masks made out of cotton fabric can be washed and reused numerous times without a significant loss in filtration efficiency. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:54:03 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 210117 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research | |
| ISSN | 2071-1409 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aaqr.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.210117 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/S9F7FPJ6 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:54:03 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:23:24 |
| Autor | Bin Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dong Wang | |
| Autor | Michelle M. S. Lee | |
| Autor | Wei Wang | |
| Autor | Qingqin Tan | |
| Autor | Zhaoyan Zhao | |
| Autor | Ben Zhong Tang | |
| Autor | Xi Huang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-24 | |
| Abstrakt | Personal protective equipment (PPE) is vital for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. However, conventional PPEs lack virucidal capabilities and arbitrarily discarding used PPEs may cause a high risk for cross-contamination and environmental pollution. Recently reported photothermal or photodynamic-mediated self-sterilizing masks show bactericidal-virucidal abilities but have some inherent disadvantages, such as generating unbearable heat during the photothermal process or requiring additional ultraviolet light irradiation to inactivate pathogens, which limit their practical applications. Here, we report the fabrication of a series of fabrics (derived from various PPEs) with real-time self-antiviral capabilities, on the basis of a highly efficient aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (namely, ASCP-TPA). ASCP-TPA possesses facile synthesis, excellent biocompatibility, and extremely high reactive oxygen species generation capacity, which significantly outperforms the traditional photosensitizers. Meanwhile, the ASCP-TPA-attached fabrics (ATaFs) show tremendous photodynamic inactivation effects against MHV-A59, a surrogate coronavirus of SARS-CoV-2. Upon ultralow-power white light irradiation (3.0 mW cm(-2)), >99.999% virions (5 log) on the ATaFs are eliminated within 10 min. Such ultralow-power requirement and rapid virus-killing ability enable ATaFs-based PPEs to provide real-time protection for the wearers under indoor light irradiation. ATaFs' virucidal abilities are retained after 100 washings or continuous exposure to office light for 2 weeks, which offers the benefits of reusability and long-term usability. Furthermore, ATaFs show no toxicity to normal skin, even upon continuous high-power light illumination. This self-antiviral ATaFs-based strategy may also be applied to fight against other airborne pathogens and holds huge potential to alleviate global PPE supply shortages. | |
| Publikace | Acs Nano | |
| Krátký název | Fabrics Attached with Highly Efficient Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 15 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 13857-13870 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000693105500117 | |
| ISSN | 1936-0851 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Nano | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsnano.1c06071 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FRBBGBR6 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:41:59 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:37:37 |
| Autor | Sonali Das | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sagarika Sarkar | |
| Autor | Anusree Das | |
| Autor | Shreyosree Das | |
| Autor | Pallab Chakraborty | |
| Autor | Joy Sarkar | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-16 | |
| Abstrakt | The science about the usage of face masks by the common public to avert COVID-19 transmission is proceeding swiftly. A primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is probably through small respiratory droplets, and it is transmissible from asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals. According to the World Health Organization, wearing a mask in public can help reduce the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. Different categories and types of masks and their usage are reviewed in this work. In a nutshell, this review work elucidates the aspects of utilizing the various face masks along with all possibilities to fight against the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 13:18:40 | |
| Publikace | Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 100835 | |
| ISSN | 2213-3984 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100835 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6X32AH3Q | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 13:18:40 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:36:28 |
| Autor | Shadpour Mallakpour | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Elham Azadi | |
| Autor | Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-16 | |
| Abstrakt | The global epidemic owing to COVID-19 has generated awareness to ensuring best practices for avoiding the microorganism spread. Indeed, because of the increase in infections caused by bacteria and viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the global demand for antimicrobial materials is growing. New technologies by using polymeric systems are of great interest. Virus transmission by contaminated surfaces leads to the spread of infectious diseases, so antimicrobial coatings are significant in this regard. Moreover, antimicrobial food packaging is beneficial to prevent the spread of microorganisms during food processing and transportation. Furthermore, antimicrobial textiles show an effective role. We aim to provide a review of prepared antimicrobial polymeric materials for use in coating, food packaging, and textile during the COVID-19 pandemic and after pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 14:05:37 | |
| Publikace | Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science | |
| Krátký název | Recent breakthroughs of antibacterial and antiviral protective polymeric materials during COVID-19 pandemic and after pandemic | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Rozsah | 101480 | |
| ISSN | 1359-0294 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101480 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HJP3H9PR | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 14:05:37 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:35:56 |
| Autor | Alba Cano-Vicent | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alberto Tunon-Molina | |
| Autor | Miguel Marti | |
| Autor | Yukiko Muramoto | |
| Autor | Takeshi Noda | |
| Autor | Kazuo Takayama | |
| Autor | Angel Serrano-Aroca | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-16 | |
| Abstrakt | Infection prevention clothing is becoming an essential protective tool in the current pandemic, especially because now we know that SARS-CoV-2 can easily infect humans in poorly ventilated indoor spaces. However, commercial infection prevention clothing is made of fabrics that are not capable of inactivating the virus. Therefore, viral infections of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals wearing protective clothing such as masks can occur through aerosol transmission or by contact with the contaminated surfaces of the masks, which are suspected as an increasing source of highly infectious biological waste. Herein, we report an easy fabrication method of a novel antiviral non-woven fabric containing polymer filaments that were coated with solidified hand soap. This extra protective fabric is capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and phi 6 in one minute of contact. In this study, this antiviral fabric was used to fabricate an antiviral face mask and did not show any cytotoxic effect in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Furthermore, this antiviral non-woven fabric could be used for the fabrication of other infection prevention clothing such as caps, scrubs, shirts, trousers, disposable gowns, overalls, hoods, aprons, and shoe covers. Therefore, this low-cost technology could provide a wide range of infection protective tools to combat COVID-19 and future pandemics in developed and underdeveloped countries. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. | |
| URL | https://www.proquest.com/working-papers/antiviral-face-mask-functionalized-with/docview/2561688226/se-2 | |
| Publikace | BioRxiv | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central; Publicly Available Content Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2561688226 | |
| Extra | Place: Cold Spring Harbor Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2021.08.13.456326 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UFF2JP9N | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:47:41 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:37:54 |
Copyright - © 2021. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456326v1
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-08-17
| Autor | Junpeng Xiong | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Weili Shao | |
| Autor | Ling Wang | |
| Autor | Chen Cui | |
| Autor | Yurui Jin | |
| Autor | Hongqin Yu | |
| Autor | Pengju Han | |
| Autor | Yanfei Gao | |
| Autor | Fan Liu | |
| Autor | Qingqing Ni | |
| Autor | Jianxin He | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-07 | |
| Abstrakt | Recently, because of the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand for various types of filter elements in protective materials has increased globally. Furthermore, new requirements for the filtration performance of PM2.5 liquid (oil) particles have been put forward. In this work, Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic composite nanofibers with excellent filtration capacity for oil and salt particles are developed through the modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by fluoro-polyurethane (FPU) doping. The results show that the PAN/FPU composite nanofibers doped with 9 wt% FPU has a uniform fiber morphology with a diameter of 240 +/- 30 nm. Compared to the pure PAN nanofibers, the water-based contact angle of PAN/FPU increases from 90 +/- 5 degrees to 151 +/- 5 degrees, and the oil-based contact angle increases from 58 +/- 2 degrees to 152 +/- 3 degrees. Importantly, at a high flow rate of 95 L min(-1), the filtration efficiency of the PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane for 0.3 mu m oil particles increases from 92 +/- 1% to 99.2 +/- 0.1%. After cyclic loading, the filtration efficiency of 0.3 mu m oil particles remains above 98%. Meanwhile, the filtration efficiency for 0.3 mu m salt particles remains at 98.23 +/- 0.1%. The PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane developed in this work is effective in applications and has good market prospects as a protective filtration material. | |
| Publikace | Macromolecular Materials and Engineering | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Rozsah | 2100371 | |
| Extra | Place: Weinheim Publisher: Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh WOS:000682430600001 | |
| ISSN | 1438-7492 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Macromol. Mater. Eng. | |
| DOI | 10.1002/mame.202100371 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9TK2LPQZ | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:55:10 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:30:09 |
| Autor | Taekyu Joo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Masayuki Takeuchi | |
| Autor | Fobang Liu | |
| Autor | Matthew P. Rivera | |
| Autor | Joy Barr | |
| Autor | Emily S. Blum | |
| Autor | Eric Parker | |
| Autor | John H. Tipton | |
| Autor | Julia Varnedoe | |
| Autor | Bahnisikha Dutta | |
| Autor | Ryan P. Lively | |
| Autor | Nga Lee Ng | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-03 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a severe shortage of personal protective equipment. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend the general public to use cloth masks as a protection for individuals and reduce the transmission of the disease. Here, we evaluated the size-dependent filtration efficiency of submicron particles and the overall filtration efficiency (total rejection of particles) of multiple commercially available materials in the size range of 17–700 nm. Single-layer samples of woven fabrics such as cotton and polyester have overall filtration efficiency of 12%−22%. Blended fabrics filter 11%−48% of particles. Products manufactured from cellulose have filtration efficiency of 29%−33%. Materials commonly found and used in hospitals remove 20%−63% of particles and filtration efficiency of filter materials ranges from 40% to 96%. Particle filtration of materials becomes more efficient when individual materials are stacked and used as multiple layers. Different combinations of woven, nonwoven, and blended fabrics were evaluated and have overall particle filtration efficiency of 38%−63%. Results in this study highlight the importance of using multiple layers in homemade masks to enhance filtration efficiency. Commercially accessible materials like Halyard sterilization wrap and blackout drapery lining show the best filtration performance among all tested single-layer materials and therefore are recommended to use as one of the layers in homemade masks. Universal mask wearing – regardless of whether an individual is infected – will help reduce transmission risk.Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 13:01:24 | |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2021.1905149 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 930-942 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2021.1905149 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Sci. Technol. | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2021.1905149 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VV4RABAB | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:00:45 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:38:04 |
| Autor | Devasier Bennet | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ashlee F. Harris | |
| Autor | Jerome Lacombe | |
| Autor | Carla Brooks | |
| Autor | Nina Bionda | |
| Autor | Aaron D. Strickland | |
| Autor | Tony Eisenhut | |
| Autor | Frederic Zenhausern | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The purpose of this research is to evaluate the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) sterilization-based NovaClean process for decontamination and reprocessing of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as surgical masks, cloth masks, and N95 respirators. Preliminarily, Bacillus atrophaeus were inoculated into different environments (dry, hydrated, and saliva) to imitate coughing and sneezing and serve as a "worst-case" regarding challenged PPE. The inactivation of the microbes by scCO(2) sterilization with NovaKill or H2O2 sterilant was investigated as a function of exposure times ranging from 5 to 90 min with a goal of elucidating possible mechanisms. Also, human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 were inoculated on the respirator material, and viral activity was determined post-treatment. Moreover, we investigated the reprocessing ability of scCO(2)-based decontamination using wettability testing and surface mapping. Different inactivation mechanisms have been identified in scCO(2) sanitization, such asmembrane damage, germination defect, and dipicolinic acid leaks. Moreover, the viral sanitization results showed a complete inactivation of both coronavirus HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2. We did not observe changes in PPE morphology, topographical structure, or material integrity, and in accordance with the WHO recommendation, maintainedwettability post-processing. These experiments establish a foundational understanding of critical elements for the decontamination and reuse of PPE in any setting and provide a direction for future research in the field. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | |
| Publikace | Science of the Total Environment | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 780 | |
| Rozsah | 146519 | |
| Extra | Place: Amsterdam Publisher: Elsevier WOS:000653089300012 | |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sci. Total Environ. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146519 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HJMF4PKB | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:27:37 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:38:12 |
| Autor | Emily E. Sickbert-Bennett | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | James M. Samet | |
| Autor | Steven E. Prince | |
| Autor | Hao Chen | |
| Autor | Kirby L. Zeman | |
| Autor | Haiyan Tong | |
| Autor | William D. Bennett | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Although global vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 are underway, the public is urged to continue using face masks as a primary intervention to control transmission. Recently, US public health officials have also encouraged doubling masks as a strategy to counter elevated transmission associated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigators reported that doubling masks increased effectiveness, but their assessment was limited in type and combinations of masks tested, as well as by the use of head forms rather than humans. To address these limitations, this study compared the fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of commonly available masks worn singly, doubled, or in combinations. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:55:51 | |
| Publikace | JAMA Internal Medicine | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 181 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 1126-1128 | |
| ISSN | 2168-6106 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | JAMA Internal Medicine | |
| DOI | 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.2033 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/C3MEP6R5 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:47:41 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:33:51 |
Copyright - Copyright American Medical Association Aug 2021
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-08-25
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US
| Autor | Yuanqiang Xu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Xiaomin Zhang | |
| Autor | Xibo Hao | |
| Autor | Defang Teng | |
| Autor | Tienan Zhao | |
| Autor | Yongchun Zeng | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | A scalable technique involves meltblowing and electrospinning is reported. • Two-level structured nonwovens for personal protective face masks are prepared. • The face masks show attractive filtration and radiative heat dissipation properties. • Airflow field of the nonwovens during filtration process is simulated using CFD. The COVID-19 pandemic and airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution have posed a great threat to human health. Personal protective face masks have become an indispensable protective equipment in our daily lives. However, wearing conventional face masks for a long time cause swelter and discomfort on the face. Introducing thermal comfort into personal protective face masks becomes desirable. Herein, face masks that show excellent filtration performance and radiative heat dissipation effect are successfully designed and prepared by electrospining Nylon-6 (PA) nanofibers onto polyethylene (PE) meltblown nonwovens. The resultant PE/PA nonwovens have high PM filtration efficiency (>99%) with a low pressure drop | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 12:38:13 | |
| Publikace | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 423 | |
| Rozsah | 130175 | |
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130175 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QP77GBJ4 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:38:13 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:37:57 |
| Autor | Junwei Wu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hongjia Zhou | |
| Autor | Jingyi Zhou | |
| Autor | Xiao Zhu | |
| Autor | Bowen Zhang | |
| Autor | Shasha Feng | |
| Autor | Zhaoxiang Zhong | |
| Autor | Lingxue Kong | |
| Autor | Weihong Xing | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a great demand on the personal protection products such as reusable masks. As a key raw material for masks, meltblown fabrics play an important role in rejection of aerosols. However, the electrostatic dominated aerosol rejection mechanism of meltblown fabrics prevents the mask from maintaining the desired protective effect after the static charge degradation. Herein, novel reusable masks with high aerosols rejection efficiency were fabricated by the introduction of spider-web bionic nanofiber membrane (nano cobweb-biomimetic membrane). The reuse stability of meltblown and nanofiber membrane mask was separately evaluated by infiltrating water, 75% alcohol solution, and exposing under ultraviolet (UV) light. After the water immersion test, the filtration efficiency of meltblown mask was decreased to about 79%, while the nanofiber membrane was maintained at 99%. The same phenomenon could be observed after the 75% alcohol treatment, a high filtration efficiency of 99% was maintained in nanofiber membrane, but obvious negative effect was observed in meltblown mask, which decreased to about 50%. In addition, after long-term expose under UV light, no filtration efficiency decrease was observed in nanofiber membrane, which provide a suitable way to disinfect the potential carried virus. This work successfully achieved the daily disinfection and reuse of masks, which effectively alleviate the shortage of masks during this special period. | |
| Publikace | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 36 | |
| Rozsah | 1-9 | |
| Extra | Place: Beijing Publisher: Chemical Industry Press Co Ltd WOS:000700613500001 | |
| ISSN | 1004-9541 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Chin. J. Chem. Eng. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.022 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3CZZPRNP | |
| Datum přidání | 24. 11. 2020 12:34:11 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:38:23 |
| Autor | Gokhan Tanisali | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ahmet Sozak | |
| Autor | Abdul Samet Bulut | |
| Autor | Tolga Ziya Sander | |
| Autor | Ozlem Dogan | |
| Autor | Cagdas Dag | |
| Autor | Mehmet Gonen | |
| Autor | Fusun Can | |
| Autor | Hasan DeMirci | |
| Autor | Onder Ergonul | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective: To compare the effectiveness of different mask types in limiting the dispersal of coughed air. Method: The Schlieren method with a single curved mirror was used in this study. Coughed air has a slightly higher temperature than ambient air, which generates a refractive index gradient. A curved mirror with a radius of curvature of 10 m and a diameter of 60 cm was used. The spread of the cough wavefront was investigated among five subjects wearing: (1) no mask; (2) a single surgical mask; (3) a double surgical mask; (4) a cloth mask; (5) a valveless N95 mask; and (6) a valved N95 mask. Results: All mask types reduced the size of the contaminated region significantly. The percentage reduction in the cross-sectional area of the contaminated region for the same mask types on different subjects revealed by normalized data suggests that the fit of a mask plays an important role. Conclusions: No significant difference in the spread of coughed air was found between the use of a single surgical mask or a double surgical mask. Cloth masks may be effective, depending on the quality of the cloth. Valved N95 masks exclusively protect the user. The fit of a mask is an important factor to minimize the contaminated region. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 109 | |
| Rozsah | 310-314 | |
| Extra | Place: Oxford Publisher: Elsevier Sci Ltd WOS:000691773200053 | |
| ISSN | 1201-9712 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int. J. Infect. Dis. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.029 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/S7AYYSVD | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:23:35 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:38:27 |
| Autor | Paul Siller | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Janina Reissner | |
| Autor | Sabrina Hansen | |
| Autor | Michael Kuehl | |
| Autor | Alexander Bartel | |
| Autor | David Schmelzeisen | |
| Autor | Thomas Gries | |
| Autor | Uwe Roesler | |
| Autor | Anika Friese | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Within the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, personal protective equipment, including face masks, is one important tool to interrupt virus transmission chains within the community. In this context, the quality of different face masks is frequently discussed and should, therefore, be evaluated. In this study, nanofleece textiles with a particle filtering effect and textiles with a self-disinfecting treatment were examined, which may be combined in face masks. Firstly, newly developed nanofleece textiles were tested regarding their filtration efficiency against airborne coronavirus, using feline coronavirus (FCoV) as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. The tested nanofleece textiles showed filtration efficiencies of over 95% against FCoV when used as a double layer and were, therefore, almost on par with the FFP-2 mask material, which was used as a reference. Secondly, eight treated, self-disinfecting textiles, which may increase the safety in the handling of potentially contaminated masks, were tested against SARS-CoV-2. Three out of eight treated textiles showed significant activity against SARS-CoV-2 and achieved about three LOG(10) (99.9%) of virus titer reduction after twelve hours of incubation. Since all possible transmission paths of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the minimal infection doses, remain unknown, both investigated approaches seem to be useful tools to lower the virus spread within the community. | |
| Publikace | Nanomaterials | |
| Krátký název | Innovative Textiles Used in Face Masks | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 2088 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000690017600001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Nanomaterials | |
| DOI | 10.3390/nano11082088 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/X3CNB4HC | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:56:13 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:29:12 |
| Autor | Lory Marika Margarucci | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Gianluca Gianfranceschi | |
| Autor | Vincenzo Romano Spica | |
| Autor | Giuseppe D'Ermo | |
| Autor | Cristiano Refi | |
| Autor | Maurizio Podico | |
| Autor | Matteo Vitali | |
| Autor | Ferdinando Romano | |
| Autor | Federica Valeriani | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic has led to countries enforcing the use of facial masks to prevent contagion. However, acquisition, reuse, and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE) has generated problems, in regard to the safety of individuals and environmental sustainability. Effective strategies to reprocess and disinfect PPE are needed to improve the efficacy and durability of this equipment and to reduce waste load. Thus, the addition of photocatalytic materials to these materials, combined with light exposure at specific wavelengths, may represent promising solutions. To this aim, we prepared a series of masks by depositing micrometer-sized TiO2 on the external surfaces; the masks were then contaminated with droplets of bacteria suspensions and the coatings were activated by light radiation at different wavelengths. A significant reduction in the microbial load (over 90%, p < 0.01) was observed using both Gram negative (E. coli) and Gram positive (S. aureus) bacteria within 15 min of irradiation, with UV or visible light, including sunlight or artificial sources. Our results support the need for further investigations on self-disinfecting masks and other disposable PPE, which could positively impact (i) the safety of operators/workers, and (ii) environmental sustainability in different occupational or recreational settings. | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | |
| Krátký název | Photocatalytic Treatments for Personal Protective Equipment | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 18 | |
| Číslo | 16 | |
| Rozsah | 8662 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000690515000001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph18168662 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YW7LR2I7 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:56:13 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:29:33 |
| Autor | Jessica A. Mirrielees | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bo Chen | |
| Autor | Michael R. Moreno | |
| Autor | Sarah D. Brooks | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that much of the world, including the United States, is ill-prepared for the material demands of a global crisis. In response to this shortage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), we have conducted filtration efficiency and pressure drop testing of a range of common materials used for constructing do-it-yourself masks, including an allergen filter, a vacuum bag, a heavy-duty tool wipe, and a standard cotton bandana, as well as a standard 3-ply surgical mask, a medical drape and an industrially available composite filter material. Size-resolved percent penetration of each material by particles with diameters ranging from 25 to 500 nm was measured at three face velocities (0.72 cm s(-1), 4.30 cm s(-1), 13.0 cm s(-1)). The allergen filter performed best, only allowing the penetration of 5% +/- 3% of the 300 nm particles through the material at a face velocity of 13.0 cm s(-1), comparable to human breathing during heavy physical work. In comparison, the surgical mask and the cotton bandana allowed 39 +/- 1% and 51% +/- 1% of the 300 nm particles to pass through at the same face velocity, respectively. According to the calculated filter quality, the best choices for mask construction are the allergen filter, industrial composite filter, and the vacuum bag. Structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), image analysis, and thickness measurements to investigate physical characteristics which improve filtration. This study shows that certain household and commercially available materials and combinations can be used in the construction of highly effective face masks. | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Krátký název | What to Wear | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 200633 | |
| Extra | Place: Taichung County Publisher: Taiwan Assoc Aerosol Res-Taar WOS:000682852300005 | |
| ISSN | 1680-8584 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.200633 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XDYFCMGV | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 12:43:20 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:38:31 |
| Autor | Eun-Hee Lee | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Seung-Woo Lee | |
| Autor | Seon Young Moon | |
| Autor | Jangyup Son | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health threat and has posed a challenge for society and social care services as well as healthcare systems. Due to the risks involved in being exposed to the virus, public health actions such as wearing masks and physical distancing are necessary to reduce its spread. However, using non-validated masks is a serious issue as such masks may provide inadequate protection against airborne bioaerosol transmission, resulting in the spread of the virus. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the filtering performances of the masks against bioaerosols as well as particulate matter (PM). Here, we evaluated the filtering performances of sixteen different masks (four brands each of woven, antidroplet, KF80, and KF94 masks) commercially available in Korea with high market shares. As a simulation of being exposed to bioaerosols and to the yellow dust commonly found in Korea, the filtration efficiency levels of the masks were tested against airborne bacteria-containing droplets and against fine dusts of different ranges of particle sizes. Their filtration efficiency levels against the droplets showed strong positive correlations, specifically Pearson correlation coefficient r values of 0.917, 0.905, and 0.894, with their efficiency levels against PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10, respectively. The results of this study should be useful for choosing appropriate masks, including those that meet filtering performance requirements. | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 18 | |
| Číslo | 15 | |
| Rozsah | 7909 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000681916500001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph18157909 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4QEYTIMP | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:18:03 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:38:34 |
| Autor | Edem Kwami Buami | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Charles Kumah | |
| Autor | Divine Vigbedor | |
| Autor | Rejoice Makafui Tsotorvor | |
| Autor | Ruru Pan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-26 | |
| Abstrakt | The outbreak of coronavirus has led to an increase in the demand for facemasks globally. Unavailability of appropriate polypropylene non-woven fabrics face masks as a result of inadequate supply to satisfy the growing population has brought about the manufacturing of locally fabrics masks to augment or substitute standard medical class facemasks. The study aims at analyzing airflow of these locally manufactured fabrics to determine possible means of transmitting the virus as well as establish comfort of the user of these masks. Standard polypropylene non-woven, woven and knitted fabrics were considered for the study. Air permeability test was conducted on these fabrics using Frazier Air permeability tester. Depending on the property significant variation in the textile fabrics, polypropylene non-woven is widely accepted for facial masks. Nevertheless, this study illustrates that woven and knitted fabrics have more open structures, which allow a high rate of air penetration and so may require two or three layers to prevent antimicrobial or antiviral potential. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 13:11:06 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Textile Science and Technology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 9 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 131-141 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 3 Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.scirp.org | |
| DOI | 10.4236/jtst.2021.93011 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/L3F5FGZU | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 13:11:06 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:36:58 |
| Autor | Jean M. Andino | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Cameron N. Morgan | |
| Autor | Lizandra C. Godwin | |
| Typ | Konferenční příspěvek | |
| Datum | 2021-07-26 | |
| Abstrakt | The global COVID-19 pandemic promoted the world community to use face masks to reduce viral transmission. This practice has again raised interest in the effectiveness of masks in preventing the spread of virus particles. This theme provided a unique, timely subject to enhance learning in the field of air pollution control, while enabling distinct connections to the fields of material science as well as human health and air quality. A collaborative “Mask Effectiveness” class project was developed with the objectives of enabling students (a) to identify the types, sizes, and movement of particles that are found in air, particularly those that are expelled during normal human activity, and (b) to characterize the material properties that influence the control of these different particles. A specific focus was placed on the use of face masks made from common textile materials. The “Mask Effectiveness” project required the development of Excel-based animations and tools that encourage students to explore relationships between air pollutants and materials science. The tool was developed such that it provides a solution to the limitations of a student design project for online and hybrid courses. By engaging with the computer-based Excel tool, students are able to evaluate alternative scenarios that include the collection efficiency of particles that arise from different sources (talking, coughing, and sneezing) , and the relationships between mask “breathability”, porosity, and collection efficiency of a mask. The project was designed to be implemented initially with undergraduate engineering students across two universities- Arizona State University and the University of New Mexico. One specific goal at Arizona State University was to reinforce concepts consistent with entrepreneurial mindset learning approaches. An additional goal was to provide a learning experience which allowed students to connect environmental engineering and material science topics to a design challenge that addressed a global community need. This paper describes the specific activities that were undertaken, and connects these activities to ways in which teaching methods may be altered by using an Excel-based module. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 13:12:03 | |
| URL | https://peer.asee.org/mask-effectiveness-a-project-to-connect-air-pollution-and-materials-science | |
| Krátký název | Mask Effectiveness | |
| Jméno konference | 2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access | |
| Katalog knihovny | peer.asee.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EF6VSJRM | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 13:12:03 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:36:46 |
| Autor | Flavio De Maio | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Valentina Palmieri | |
| Autor | Gabriele Babini | |
| Autor | Alberto Augello | |
| Autor | Ivana Palucci | |
| Autor | Giordano Perini | |
| Autor | Alessandro Salustri | |
| Autor | Patricia Spilman | |
| Autor | Marco De Spirito | |
| Autor | Maurizio Sanguinetti | |
| Autor | Giovanni Delogu | |
| Autor | Laura Giorgia Rizzi | |
| Autor | Giulio Cesareo | |
| Autor | Patrick Soon-Shiong | |
| Autor | Michela Sali | |
| Autor | Massimiliano Papi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-23 | |
| Abstrakt | Recent advancements in bidimensional nanoparticles production such as graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) have the potential to meet the need for highly functional personal protective equipment (PPE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ability of G and GO to interact with microorganisms provides an opportunity to develop engineered textiles for use in PPE and limit the spread of COVID-19. PPE in current use in high-risk settings for COVID transmission provides only a physical barrier that decreases infection likelihood and does not inactivate the virus. Here, we show that virus pre-incubation with soluble GO inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of VERO cells. Furthermore, when G/GO-functionalized polyurethane or cotton was in contact SARS-CoV-2, the infectivity of the fabric was nearly completely inhibited. The findings presented here constitute an important innovative nanomaterial-based strategy to significantly increase PPE efficacy in protection against the SARS-CoV-2 virus that may implement water filtration, air purification, and diagnostics methods. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:23:35 | |
| Publikace | iScience | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 24 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 102788 | |
| ISSN | 2589-0042 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | iScience | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102788 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/R8HGZPHN | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:23:35 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:00:34 |
| Autor | Aniruddha Adhikari | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Uttam Pal | |
| Autor | Sayan Bayan | |
| Autor | Susmita Mondal | |
| Autor | Ria Ghosh | |
| Autor | Soumendra Darbar | |
| Autor | Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta | |
| Autor | Samit Kumar Ray | |
| Autor | Samir Kumar Pal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-19 | |
| Abstrakt | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warns the use of one-way valves or vents in face masks for potential threat of spreading COVID-19 through expelled respiratory droplets. Here, we have developed a nanoceutical cotton fabric duly sensitized with non-toxic zinc oxide nanomaterial for potential use as a membrane filter in the one-way valve for the ease of breathing without the threat of COVID-19 spreading. A detailed computational study revealed that zinc oxide nanoflowers (ZnO NFs) with almost two-dimensional petals trap SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, responsible to attach to ACE-2 receptors in human lung epithelial cells. The study also confirmed significant denaturation of the spike proteins on the ZnO surface, revealing removal of the virus upon efficient trapping. Following the computational study, we have synthesized ZnO NF on a cotton matrix using a hydrothermal-assisted strategy. Electron-microscopic, steady-state, and picosecond-resolved spectroscopic studies confirm attachment of ZnO NF to the cotton (i.e., cellulose) matrix at the atomic level to develop the nanoceutical fabric. A detailed antimicrobial assay using Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (model SARS-CoV-2 mimic) reveals excellent antimicrobial efficiency of the developed nanoceutical fabric. To our understanding, the nanoceutical fabric used in the one-way valve of a face mask would be the choice to assure breathing comfort along with source control of COVID-19 infection. The developed nanosensitized cloth can also be used as an antibacterial/anti CoV-2 washable dress material in general. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:55:58 | |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.1c00238 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Bio Materials | |
| Krátký název | Nanoceutical Fabric Prevents COVID-19 Spread through Expelled Respiratory Droplets | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 4 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 5471-5484 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 2576-6422 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Bio Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsabm.1c00238 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3EN79KKK | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:18:03 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:04:41 |
| Autor | Magda Blosi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anna Luisa Costa | |
| Autor | Simona Ortelli | |
| Autor | Franco Belosi | |
| Autor | Fabrizio Ravegnani | |
| Autor | Alessio Varesano | |
| Autor | Cinzia Tonetti | |
| Autor | Ilaria Zanoni | |
| Autor | Claudia Vineis | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-16 | |
| Abstrakt | In response to the nowadays battle against SARS-CoV-2, we designed a new class of high performant filter media suitable to advance the facemask technology and provide new efficient widespread solutions against virus propagation. By means of the electrospinning technology we developed filter media based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers doped with AgNPs combining three main performance requirements: high air filtration efficiency to capture nanometer-size particles, low airflow resistance essential to ensure breathability and antimicrobial activity to inactivate aerosolized microorganisms. PVA/AgNPs electrospun nanofibers were produced by electrospinning the dispersion of colloidal silver into the PVA water solution. A widespread physicochemical characterization was addressed to the Ag colloidal suspension. The key functional performances of the electrospun nanofibers were proven by water stability, antibacterial activity, and filtration efficiency and pressure drop measurements performed under conditions representative of facemasks. We assessed a total bacterial depletion associated to a filtering efficiency towards nano-aerosolized particles of 97.7% higher than required by the EN149 standard and a pressure drop in line with FFP1 and FFP2 masks, even at the highest filtration velocity. Such results pave the way to the application of PVA/AgNPs electrospun nanofibers in facemasks as advanced filtering media for protecting against airborne microorganisms. | |
| URL | https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/polyvinyl-alcohol-silver-electrospun-nanofibers/docview/2552133729/se-2 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Applied Polymer Science | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2552133729 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| DOI | 10.1002/app.51380 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BJP33NQ2 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 11:47:41 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:38:57 |
Copyright - © 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-07-19
| Autor | Nikhil Avinash Patil | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Prakash Macchindra Gore | |
| Autor | Niranjana Jaya Prakash | |
| Autor | Premika Govindaraj | |
| Autor | Ramdayal Yadav | |
| Autor | Vivek Verma | |
| Autor | Dhivya Shanmugarajan | |
| Autor | Shivanand Patil | |
| Autor | Abhay Kore | |
| Autor | Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-15 | |
| Abstrakt | The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected human health and world economies. According to WHO guidelines, continuous use of face mask is mandatory for personal protection for restricting the spread of bacteria and virus. Here, we report a 3-ply cotton-PLA-cotton layered biodegradable face-mask containing encapsulated phytochemicals in the inner-filtration layer. The nano-fibrous PLA filtration layer was fabricated using needleless electrospinning of PLA & phytochemical-based herbal-extracts. This 3-layred face mask exhibits enhanced air permeability with a differential pressure of 35.78 Pa/cm2 and superior bacterial filtration efficiency of 97.9% compared to conventional face masks. Close-packed mesh structure of the nano-fibrous mat results in effective adsorption of particulate matter, aerosol particles, and bacterial targets deep inside the filtration layer. The outer hydrophobic layer of mask exhibited effective blood splash resistance up to a distance of 30 cm, ensuring its utilization for medical practices. Computational analysis of constituent phytochemicals using the LibDock algorithm predicted inhibitory activity of chemicals against the protein structured bacterial sites. The computational analysis projected superior performance of phytochemicals considering the presence of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and Arachidic acid exhibiting structural complementarity to inhibit targeted bacterial interface. Natural cotton fibers and PLA bio-polymer demonstrated promising biodegradable characteristics in the presence of in-house cow-dung based biodegradation slurry. Addition of jaggery to the slurry elevated the biodegradation performance, resulting in increment of change of weight from 07% to 12%. The improved performance was attributed to the increased sucrose content in biodegradation slurry, elevating the bacterial growth in the slurry. An innovative face mask has shown promising results for utilization in day-to-day life and medical frontline workers, considering the post-pandemic environmental impacts. | |
| Publikace | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 416 | |
| Rozsah | 129152 | |
| Extra | Place: Lausanne Publisher: Elsevier Science Sa WOS:000661105400056 | |
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Chem. Eng. J. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129152 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LQBQW3N2 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:39:25 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:39:07 |
| Autor | Hongchen Shen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Zhe Zhou | |
| Autor | Haihuan Wang | |
| Autor | Mengyang Zhang | |
| Autor | Minghao Han | |
| Autor | David P. Durkin | |
| Autor | Danmeng Shuai | |
| Autor | Yun Shen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-13 | |
| Abstrakt | Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 plays a critical role in spreading COVID-19. To protect public health, we designed and fabricated electrospun nanofibrous air filters that hold promise for applications in personal protective equipment (PPE) and the indoor environment. Due to ultrafine nanofibers (similar to 300 nm), the electrospun air filters had a much smaller pore size in comparison to the surgical mask and cloth masks (a couple of micrometers versus tens to hundreds of micrometers). A coronavirus strain served as a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate and was used to generate aerosols for filtration efficiency tests, which can better represent SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to other agents used for aerosol generation in previous studies. The electrospun air filters showed excellent performance by capturing up to 99.9% of coronavirus aerosols, which outperformed many commercial face masks. In addition, we observed that the same electrospun air filter or face mask removed NaCl aerosols equivalently or less effectively in comparison to the coronavirus aerosols when both aerosols were generated from the same system. Our work paves a new avenue for advancing air filtration by developing electrospun nanofibrous air filters for controlling SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission. | |
| Publikace | Environmental Science & Technology Letters | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 8 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 545-550 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000674277000010 | |
| ISSN | 2328-8930 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00337 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/P8S6S59N | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:20:32 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:53:38 |
| Autor | Abdallatif Satti Abdalrhman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Chengjin Wang | |
| Autor | Angelica Manalac | |
| Autor | Madrigal Weersink | |
| Autor | Abdul-Amir Yassine | |
| Autor | Vaughn Betz | |
| Autor | Benoit Barbeau | |
| Autor | Lothar Lilge | |
| Autor | Ron Hofmann | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The study presented a Monte Carlo simulation of light transport in 8 commonly used filtered facepiece respirators (FFRs) to assess the efficacy of UV at 254 nm for the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed different fluence rates across the thickness of the 8 different FFRs, implying that some FFR models may be more treatable than others, with the order being (from most to least treatable): models 1512, 9105s, 1805, 9210, 1870+, 8210, 8110s, and 1860, for single side illumination. The model predictions did not coincide well with some previously reported experimental data on virus inactivation when applied to FFR surfaces. The simulations predicted that FFRs should experience higher log reductions (>> 6-log) than observed experimentally (often limited to 5-log). Possible explanations are virus shielding by aggregation or soiling, and a lack of the Monte Carlo simulations considering near-field scattering effects that can create small, localized regions of low UV photon probability on the surface of the fibre material. If the latter is the main cause in limiting practical UV viral decontamination, improvement might be achieved by exposing the FFR to UV isotropically from all directions, such as by varying the UV source to FFR surface angle during treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 15:07:40 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Biophotonics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | e202100135 | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jbio.202100135 | |
| ISSN | 1864-0648 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Biophotonics | |
| DOI | 10.1002/jbio.202100135 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WBUK6TS7 | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 15:07:40 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:10:16 |
e202100135 jbio.202100135.R1
| Autor | Vikram Gopal | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Benjamin E. Nilsson-Payant | |
| Autor | Hollie French | |
| Autor | Jurre Y. Siegers | |
| Autor | Wai-shing Yung | |
| Autor | Matthew Hardwick | |
| Autor | Aartjan J. W. te Velthuis | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-07 | |
| Abstrakt | Influenza A viruses (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 can spread via liquid droplets and aerosols. Face masks and other personal protective equipment (PPE) can act as barriers that prevent the spread of these viruses. However, IAV and SARS-CoV-2 are stable for hours on various materials, which makes frequent and correct disposal of these PPE important. Metal ions embedded into PPE may inactivate respiratory viruses, but confounding factors such as adsorption of viruses make measuring and optimizing the inactivation characteristics difficult. Here, we used polyamide 6.6 (PA66) fibers containing embedded zinc ions and systematically investigated if these fibers can adsorb and inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and IAV H1N1 when woven into a fabric. We found that our PA66-based fabric decreased the IAV H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 titer by approximately 100-fold. Moreover, we found that the zinc content and the virus inactivating property of the fabric remained stable over 50 standardized washes. Overall, these results provide insights into the development of reusable PPE that offer protection against RNA virus spread. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 15:10:04 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 26 | |
| Rozsah | 30317-30325 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 1944-8244 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsami.1c04412 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9RGZ3WMU | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 15:10:04 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:49:19 |
| Autor | Amit Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Basundhara Bhattacharjee | |
| Autor | D. N. Sangeetha | |
| Autor | V. Subramanian | |
| Autor | B. Venkatraman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Due to the ongoing pandemic, various types of facemasks such as certified N-95, non-woven fiber and fabric/textile masks are being used as an essential protective measure to reduce the risk of spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus. The aerosols size-dependent filtration efficiency and breathing resistance of these masks were tested before and after sterilization by five different methods for two flow rates (20 and 90 L/min) conditions corresponding to regular breathing rate and moderate/strenuous exertion, in the particle size range 0.3-10 mu m. Sterilization techniques used here are autoclaving (30 and 60 minutes), dry air oven heating (30 and 60 minutes), ionizing irradiation (15 and 25 kGy), hot water washing with and without detergent and immersing in a 10% concentration of liquid hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes. Further, the filtration efficiency of each type of masks is also studied with laboratory generated two-order higher aerosol concertation. The certified mask has the most outstanding filtering efficiency among all the other type of facemasks. The ionizing radiation causes a significant reduction in filtration efficacy, so that it is not recommended for sterilization purpose. The best method to sterilize certified N-95 masks without affecting their performance is by using dry air heating with temperature ranging from 70-80 degrees C. The performance of the cloth and surgical masks is found to be comparable for both flow conditions. As an affordable sterilization method, hot water washing is recommended, which does not deteriorate the fabric masks efficiency and can be used by the common people. The recommended masks for the general people are textile/fabric masks which serves fit for the purpose than non-woven masks because it can help to reduce non-biodegradable waste (facemask) and prevent respiratory droplet transmission. The non-woven mask can be sterilized with dry heat, hot water wash and autoclave. | |
| Publikace | Journal of Industrial Textiles | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Rozsah | 15280837211028794 | |
| Extra | Place: Thousand Oaks Publisher: Sage Publications Inc WOS:000675165300001 | |
| ISSN | 1528-0837 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Ind. Text. | |
| DOI | 10.1177/15280837211028794 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DT794MYH | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:06:23 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:57:12 |
| Autor | Susan R. Reutman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Tiina Reponen | |
| Autor | Michel Yermakov | |
| Autor | Sergey A. Grinshpun | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Homemade cloth masks and other improvised face coverings have become widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic driven by severe shortages of personal protective equipment. In this study, various alternative (mostly common household) materials, which have not traditionally been used in respiratory protective devices, were tested for particle filtration performance and breathability. Most of these materials were found of some—but rather limited—utility in facemasks. At a breathing flow rate of 30 L min−1, 17 out of 19 tested materials demonstrated collection efficiency below 50%; at 85 L min−1, only one material featured particle collection efficiency above 50%. Pressure drop values were mostly below 4 mm w.g. (observed in 89% of cases for the two flow rates), which provides comfortable breathing. Only for one fabric material (silk) tested at 85 L min−1 did the pressure drop reach 11 mm w.g. Based on these results, a three-layer facemask prototype was designed and fabricated comprised of the best performing materials. Additional tests were conducted to examine possible particle detachment/shedding from the materials used in the newly developed facemask, but no such phenomenon was observed. The prototype was evaluated on 10 human subjects using the standard OSHA-approved quantitative fit testing protocol. The mask protection level, determined as an adopted fit factor, was found to lie between that of the two commercial surgical/medical masks tested for comparison. A 10-cycle washing of the mask prototype lowered its collection efficiency across the particle size range; however, washing did not substantially affect mask breathability. The study revealed that although homemade masks offer a certain level of protection to a wearer, one should not expect them to provide the same respiratory protection as high-end commercial surgical/medical masks or—by any means—NIOSH-certified N95 filtering facepieces. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 12:53:01 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene | |
| Krátký název | Homemade facemasks | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 18 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 334-344 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2021.1925124 PMID: 34080950 | |
| ISSN | 1545-9624 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. | |
| DOI | 10.1080/15459624.2021.1925124 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MLF2F76W | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 12:53:01 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:00:45 |
| Autor | Wanderson Eduardo Gomes de Souza Coelho | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fabiana Perrechil | |
| Autor | Mavilde L. G. Pedreira | |
| Autor | Juliana Lima Lopes | |
| Autor | Maria Valdenice Lopes dos Santos | |
| Autor | Maria Cristina Gabrieloni | |
| Autor | João Alessio Perfeito | |
| Autor | Mariana Agostini de Moraes | |
| Autor | Monica Taminato | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-03 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, an emerging respiratory pathogen. The work environment represents a high risk factor for health professionals. Given the scarcity of protective personal equipment (PPE) due to global demand, decontamination and reuse studies should be carried out. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of a method of decontamination of N95/PFF2 respirators, especially regarding structural integrity. For that, N95/PFF2 respirators were subjected to hydrogen peroxide decontamination and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Seven respirators of the same brand and lot were used, one being a control and the other six subjected to decontamination process. As for the sealing, a qualitative test was applied, in order to identify the changes in the structure that could damage the sealing of respirators. Results indicated that the fiber morphology in all layers was not affected by the six decontamination cycles. Also, the thermal stability in the different layers was very similar. Fit testing showed that the respiradors submitted to all cycles of decontamination were approved. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the hydrogen peroxide decontamination method is effective, since it does not alter the physical properties of the respirators. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:58:53 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0196-6553 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.06.018 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/V3J7874W | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:58:53 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:11:58 |
| Autor | Sungmee Park | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sundaresan Jayaraman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Although the COVID-19 pandemic shows no signs of abating, public health strategies have transitioned from containment to harm reduction. In light of this paradigm shift, it is critical that individuals take steps to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. In the United States, the CDC recommends that individuals wear face coverings in public places, such as grocery stores. As lockdowns are being phased out around the world, authorities are requiring the use of such masks in public places while maintaining social distance.Individuals (including healthcare professionals outside of their clinical settings) and manufacturers are following the CDC’s recommendation. But, many currently available masks are not form-fitting, are not customizable, and are uncomfortable with even short-term use, thereby undercutting their effectiveness. Moreover, because cotton absorbs and retains the moisture found in an exhaled breath masks made of cotton have the potential to increase the wearer’s risk of infection. Thus, as we shift to harm reduction and social distancing measures relax, it is imperative that these shortcomings in fabric masks are addressed and that is the motivation for this research.The overall objective of the research is to design, develop, and test a fabric mask that is effective while being comfortable during continuous use over long periods of time. As the first step in the design process, we reviewed the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. We analyzed a medical mask and a fabric mask in the market and identified their shortcomings. We carried out an in-depth analysis of user needs and developed the performance requirements of the proposed mask. We defined the architecture of the mask comprising the following principal components: Barrier, Form-Fitting, Positioning, and Fastening. We tested and evaluated candidate materials for the components and developed the design specifications and construction details for the mask. We produced the mask and carried out subjective testing on a user in a typical workplace setting; we demonstrated that the mask was form-fitting, customizable, washable, and could be worn continuously and routinely over extended periods of time by individuals and therefore could serve as an effective means to reduce the harm from SARS-CoV-2. | |
| Přístup | 12. 7. 2021 7:35:16 | |
| Publikace | The Journal of The Textile Institute | |
| Krátký název | From containment to harm reduction from SARS-CoV-2 | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 112 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 1144-1158 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1805971 | |
| ISSN | 0040-5000 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/00405000.2020.1805971 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/V55KSYV3 | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:02:22 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 12:32:49 |
Copyright - © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://taylorandfrancis.com/coronavirus/
Copyright - © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://taylorandfrancis.com/coronavirus/
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-12
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-12
| Autor | Wei Xu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Chenjian Gu | |
| Autor | Qin Wang | |
| Autor | Yanfan Lin | |
| Autor | Chi Zhang | |
| Autor | Gadi Borkow | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-07-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Abstract SARS-CoV-2 can remain viable on the protective face masks surface for several days. Mask touching, reuse and disposal occurs frequently, leading to increased risk of cross-contamination, infection and further transmission. Cuprous-oxide has potent virucidal properties. We determined the capacity of surgical face masks (type IIR) made with nonwoven fabric impregnated with cuprous-oxide microparticles (Test Fabric), to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 when in direct contact with the virus. The Test Fabric reduced the infectious titers of SARS-CoV-2 by 0.73, 3.02 and 4.19 log10 within 5, 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. In contrast, the infectious titers of the virus were reduced by Control Fabric by 0.24, 0.67 and 0.97 within 5, 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. The reductions were significantly higher in the Test Fabric than in the Control Fabric (0.49, 2.35 and 3.22 log difference, accordingly), reaching a statistically significant difference after 5 minutes (p < 0.01). The mask filtration properties were not affected by the presence of the cuprous oxide microparticles. We conclude that the use of cuprous-oxide containing face masks in the external layers of respiratory face masks may significantly reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 cross-contamination, transmission and infection, due to masks handling and disposal, especially when used by the general population. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 15:01:06 | |
| URL | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-634763/v1 | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-634763/v1 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/P3B8NSTC | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 15:01:06 | |
| Upraveno | 9. 7. 2021 15:01:06 |
| Autor | Alyne R. de Araújo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Lívio C. C. Nunes | |
| Autor | Karla C. B. F. Oliveira | |
| Autor | Maria G. F. M. Carvalho | |
| Autor | Juliana C. Cardoso | |
| Autor | Patricia Severino | |
| Autor | Monica F. L. R. Soares | |
| Autor | Eliana B. Souto | |
| Autor | Gildário D. Lima | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07 | |
| Abstrakt | The respiratory protection equipment (RPE) used by health professionals consists of an essential device to prevent infectious diseases, especially those caused by biological agents such as the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The current epidemiological panorama is worrying, and the context of creation and production of the mask has emerged as an alternative to RPE to face the public health crisis worldwide. The aim of this work is to present a low-cost alternative as an FFP2-like filter for a reusable respirator face mask. This study presents the comparison of different cellulose-based filtering materials performed by retention testing, time saturation testing, aerosol penetration testing, nanoparticle (~140 nm) filtration testing, bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE), analysis of material morphology and usability. The reusable respirator face mask used in this study is an open-source innovation, using 3D printing. Cotton disc proved to be the best filter material for the reusable mask, with satisfactory results and a performance similar to that shown by the N95-type mask. The cotton disc ensured effectiveness over 6 h of use, and after that, the reusable respirator face mask (here, Delfi-TRON®) needed to be sanitized and replenished with a new cotton disc. Upon preliminary analyses of filtration efficiency, the selected filter was shown to be a low-cost biodegradable and biocompatible alternative. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 15:04:58 | |
| Publikace | Nanomanufacturing | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 1 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 57-66 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 2 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/nanomanufacturing1020006 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FD5WUZA9 | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 15:04:58 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:12:43 |
| Autor | Yumeng Liu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bin Zhao | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07 | |
| Abstrakt | To the Editor—A recent article by Liu et al1 reports that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in the air in hospital areas occupied by inpatients, medical staff, and the public. Their study reported the size distribution of SARS-CoV-2–laden aerosols, which makes it possible to evaluate the filtration efficiencies required for face masks and respirators. The use of face masks and respirators has been recommended for protecting healthcare workers and the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic because SARS-CoV-2 is widely distributed in the air of Wuhan hospitals2,3 and the virus can remain viable in aerosols for several hours.4 However, the size-dependent filtration efficiencies of face masks and respirators for removing SARS-CoV-2–laden aerosols have not yet been reported. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 13:18:14 | |
| URL | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology/article/sizedependent-filtration-efficiencies-of-face-masks-and-respirators-for-removing-sarscov2laden-aerosols/B3BCAC4631256386E9A3CD888520ED31 | |
| Publikace | Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 42 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 906-907 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cambridge University Press | |
| ISSN | 1559-6834 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Cambridge University Press | |
| DOI | 10.1017/ice.2020.366 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JZTNT25J | |
| Datum přidání | 28. 7. 2020 12:53:54 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:46:31 |
| Autor | Lindsey B. Bezek | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jin Pan | |
| Autor | Charbel Harb | |
| Autor | Callie E. Zawaski | |
| Autor | Bemnet Molla | |
| Autor | Joseph R. Kubalak | |
| Autor | Linsey C. Marr | |
| Autor | Christopher B. Williams | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the supply chain for personal protective equipment (PPE) for medical professionals, including N95-type respiratory protective masks. To address this shortage, many have looked to the agility and accessibility of additive manufacturing (AM) systems to provide a democratized, decentralized solution to producing respirators with equivalent protection for last-resort measures. However, there are concerns about the viability and safety in deploying this localized download, print, and wear strategy due to a lack of commensurate quality assurance processes. Many open-source respirator designs for AM indicate that they do not provide N95-equivalent protection (filtering 95% of SARS-CoV-2 particles) because they have either not passed aerosol generation tests or not been tested. Few studies have quantified particle transmission through respirator designs outside of the filter medium. This is concerning because several polymer-based AM processes produce porous parts, and inherent process variation between printers and materials also threaten the integrity of tolerances and seals within the printed respirator assembly. No study has isolated these failure mechanisms specifically for respirators. The goal of this paper is to measure particle transmission through printed respirators of different designs, materials, and AM processes. The authors compare the performance of printed respirators to N95 respirators and cloth masks. Respirators in this study printed using desktop-and industrial-scale fused filament fabrication processes and industrial-scale powder bed fusion processes were not sufficiently reliable for widespread distribution and local production of N95-type respiratory protection. Even while assuming a perfect seal between the respirator and the user's face, although a few respirators provided >90% efficiency at the 100-300 nm particle range, almost all printed respirators provided <60% filtration efficiency. Post-processing procedures including cleaning, sealing surfaces, and reinforcing the filter cap seal generally improved performance, but the printed respirators showed similar performance to various cloth masks. The authors further explore the process-driven aspects leading to low filtration efficiency. Although the design/printer/material combination dictates the AM respirator performance, the identified failure modes originate from system-level constraints and are therefore generalizable across multiple AM processes. Quantifying the limitations of AM in producing N95-type respiratory protective masks advances understanding of AM systems toward the development of better part and machine designs to meet the needs of reliable, functional, end-use parts. | |
| Publikace | Journal of Manufacturing Systems | |
| Krátký název | Additively manufactured respirators | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 60 | |
| Rozsah | 762-773 | |
| Extra | Place: Oxford Publisher: Elsevier Sci Ltd WOS:000690739400007 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6125 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Manuf. Syst. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.01.002 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2X5GUZPA | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:47:18 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:39:21 |
| Autor | Jae-Yeon Jung | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Joo-Young Lee | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-30 | |
| Abstrakt | This study aimed to evaluate the inhalation resistance(IR) and fiber structure of disposable masks when exposed to repeated heating and ultraviolet(UV) sterilization. The experiments consisted of a lab-scale and a field test. For the lab-scale test, KF94 and N95 masks were selected and a trial was composed of three repetitions of an 80-min sterilization. For the field test, a subject participated over four days, of which a KF94 was worn without sterilization, and the same trial was conducted during the next four days with daily sterilization. The results showed that the IR of the KF94 mask(9.5 Pa) gradually increased according to the sterilization up to the second repetition(15.6 Pa) but decreased at the third treatment(9.7 Pa). However, the N95 mask did not showany tendency of IR during the repetitions. Microscope photos showed several warped or blackened fibers in the stiffener layer after the repeated sterilization. After wearing a KF94 mask for four consecutive days, its IR decreased until the three days but increased the fourth day, whereas another KF94 mask with sterilization showed an increase in IR for the four days. In the microscope-photos after the consecutive four days, outside fibers and stiffener layers were warped or became less dense. In summary, the IR of the KF94 mask slightly increased through the three~four rounds of heating and UV sterilizations, but the fiber structures were not significantly deformed by the repeated sterilization. To reduce discarded mask waste, the repeated sterilization of masks can be recommended. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:39:19 | |
| Publikace | Fashion & Textile Research Journal | |
| Jazyk | kor | |
| Ročník | 23 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 406-414 | |
| Extra | Publisher: The Society of Fashion and Textile Industry | |
| ISSN | 1229-2060 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.koreascience.or.kr | |
| DOI | 10.5805/SFTI.2021.23.3.406 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CZRC4HES | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:39:19 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:25:31 |
| Autor | Satya S. Patra | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jyotishree Nath | |
| Autor | Subhasmita Panda | |
| Autor | Trupti Das | |
| Autor | Boopathy Ramasamy | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-25 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory droplets serve as a viable transmission mechanism for many viruses and other pathogens. Facemasks are commonly used to minimize the risk of this transmission. However, information on the size-resolved filtration efficiency of commonly available commercial facemasks is not readily available in the literature. To fill this gap, the current study performs aerosolized chamber experiments to evaluate the filtration efficiencies of commonly available commercial facemasks’ materials in a size range of 0.3-10 µm. Results rank the performance of filtration through commercial facemasks’ materials as follows (values in brackets indicate the average filtration efficiencies across 0.3-10 µm): 6-Layer N95 mask (0.918) > N95 mask – without valve (0.88) > KN95 mask (0.84) > N95 mask -with valve (0.834) > Heavy knitted cotton mask (0.808) > Surgical mask (0.778) > Cotton mask-2 layers (0.744) > Nylon fabric mask-2 layers (0.740) > T-shirt fabric mask-2 layers (0.708) > T-shirt fabric mask-1 layer (0.648). The size-resolved filtration efficiencies through the material across the evaluated commercial facemasks ranged from 38-83% in the size range of 0.3-0.5 µm, 55-88% in the size range of 0.5-1 µm, 69-93% in the size range of 1-2.5 µm, 76-96% in the size range of 2.-5 µm, and 86-99% in the size range of 5-10 µm. Subsequently, the filtration efficiencies of materials post washing (with detergent in warm water and allowing to dry completely) were also evaluated. The average reduction in filtration efficiencies post washing are as follows: 6-Layer N95 mask: 3%, N95 mask – without valve: 2%, KN95 mask: 4%, N95 mask -with valve: 3%, Heavy knitted cotton mask: 4%, Surgical mask: 18%, Cotton mask-2 layers: 11%, Nylon fabric mask-2 layers: 6%, T-shirt fabric mask-2 layers: 6%, T-shirt fabric mask-1 layer: 8%. This decrease in the filtration efficiency was more pronounced for the sub-micron particles than the super-micron ones. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 15:11:11 | |
| Publikace | Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2021.1948459 PMID: 34170783 | |
| ISSN | 1096-2247 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/10962247.2021.1948459 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2DDB9I8I | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 15:11:11 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:13:11 |
| Autor | Walaa A. Abbas | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Basamat S. Shaheen | |
| Autor | Loujain G. Ghanem | |
| Autor | Ibrahim M. Badawy | |
| Autor | Mohamed M. Abodouh | |
| Autor | Shrouk M. Abdou | |
| Autor | Suher Zada | |
| Autor | Nageh K. Allam | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-22 | |
| Abstrakt | One of the main protective measures against COVID-19’s spread is the use of face masks. It is therefore of the utmost importance for face masks to be high functioning in terms of their filtration ability and comfort. Notwithstanding the prevalence of the commercial polypropylene face masks, its effectiveness is under contention, leaving vast room for improvement. During the pandemic, the use of at least one mask per day for each individual results in a massive number of masks that need to be safely disposed of. Fabricating biodegradable filters of high efficiency not only can protect individuals and save the environment but also can be sewed on reusable/washable cloth masks to reduce expenses. Wearing surgical masks for long periods of time, especially in hot regions, causes discomfort by irritating sensitive facial skin and warmed inhaled air. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of novel electrospun composites layers as face mask filters for protection against pathogens and tiny particulates. The combinatorial filter layers are made by integrating TiO2 nanotubes as fillers into chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) polymeric electrospun nanofibers as the outer layer. The other two filler-free layers, chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) and silk/poly(vinyl alcohol) as the middle and inner composite layers, respectively, were used for controlled protection, contamination prevention, and comfort for prolonged usage. The ASTM standards evaluation tests were adopted to evaluate the efficacy of the assembled filter, revealing high filtration efficiency compared to that of commercial surgical masks. The TiO2/Cs/PVA outer layer significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by 44.8% compared to the control, revealing the dual effect of TiO2 and chitosan toward the infectious bacterial colonies. Additionally, molecular dynamics calculations were used to assess the mechanical properties of the filter layers. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:56:19 | |
| Publikace | Langmuir | |
| Ročník | 37 | |
| Číslo | 24 | |
| Rozsah | 7492-7502 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 0743-7463 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Langmuir | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00926 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NZWUK76V | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:56:19 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:52:48 |
| Autor | Leigh R. Crilley | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andrea A. Angelucci | |
| Autor | Brian Malile | |
| Autor | Cora J. Young | |
| Autor | Trevor C. VandenBoer | |
| Autor | Jennifer I. L. Chen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-17 | |
| Abstrakt | Current guidance by leading public health agencies recommends wearing a 3-layer cloth-based face mask with a middle non-woven material insert to reduce the transmission of infectious respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2. In this work we explore the material characteristics for a range of readily available non-woven materials and their sub-micron particle filtration efficiency (PFE), with the aim of providing evidence-based guidelines for selecting appropriate materials as inserts in cloth-based masks. We observed a wide range of ideal PFE for the tested non-woven materials, with polypropylene, Swiffer and rayon/polyester blend providing the highest PFE and breathability. Our results suggest that materials comprising loose 3D fibrous webs (e.g. flannel, Swiffer and gauze) exhibited enhanced filtration efficiency compared to compressed counterparts. Common modifications to fabrics, such as water-resistant treatment and a sewn seam were also investigated. Overall, we demonstrate that adding an appropriate non-woven material as an insert filter can significantly improve the performance of cloth-based masks, and there exist suitable cellulose-based alternatives to polypropylene. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 12:52:29 | |
| URL | https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/en/d1en00277e | |
| Publikace | Environmental Science: Nano | |
| Krátký název | Non-woven materials for cloth-based face masks inserts | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 8 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 1603-1613 | |
| Extra | Publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry | |
| ISSN | 2051-8161 | |
| Katalog knihovny | pubs.rsc.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environ. Sci.: Nano | |
| DOI | 10.1039/d1en00277e | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5NEWVTCX | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 8:26:05 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:06:11 |
| Autor | Behnam Pourdeyhimi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Simon Schick | |
| Autor | Robert Groten | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Due to the increasing number of corona cases and the face mask industry's associated bottleneck, this work focuses on the various single-layer textiles used as cloth masks. The purpose of this work is to test ten different single-layer textiles for their suitability as face masks. All tests in this work were carried out based on the ASTM F2299 and the new ASTM Standard for barrier masks (3502-21). The new standard offers a more precisely defined test protocol and is consistent with how respirators are tested. The results show that only one of the ten textiles tested meets the ASTM requirements for a barrier mask. We also include data for ASTM F2299 and report the results for unneutralized challenge particles at various face velocities for the same single-layer textiles. These results are different from those of the ASTM 3502 because the particle size and the procedure used are different. Under ASTM 3502, the resistance values are significantly higher, and the efficiency values are significantly lower than those reported by using the ASTM F2299. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:56:31 | |
| Publikace | The Journal of Science and Medicine | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 3 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 1-12 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2021 The Journal of Science and Medicine | |
| Extra | Number: 2 | |
| ISSN | 2690-2656 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.josam.org | |
| DOI | 10.37714/josam.v3i2.80 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BIB9F7FA | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:56:31 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:15:41 |
| Autor | Raheleh Faridi-Majidi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Faezeh Norouz | |
| Autor | Safieh Boroumand | |
| Autor | Seyed Nasrollah Tabatabaei | |
| Autor | Reza Faridi-Majidi | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-06-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Abstract As the world battles with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, it also prepares for future global pandemics that threaten our health, economy, and survivor. During the outbreak, it became evident that use of personal protective equipment (PPE), specially face masks, can significantly slow the otherwise uncontrolled spread of the virus. Nevertheless, the outbreak has caused shortage of PPE in many regions of the world. Therefore, this study advances the theme of decontaminating used masks. More specifically, the effect of various decontamination techniques on the integrity and functionality of nanofiber-based N95 masks (i.e. capable of at least filtering 95% of 0.3 µm aerosols) were examined. These techniques include 70% ethanol, bleaching, boiling, steaming, ironing as well as placement in autoclave, oven, and exposure to microwave (MW) and ultraviolet (UV) light. Herein, filtration efficiency (by Particle Filtration Efficiency equipment), general morphology, and microstructure of nanofibers (by Field Emission Scanning Electron microscopy) prior and after every decontamination technique were observed. The results suggest that decontamination of masks with 70% ethanol can lead to significant unfavorable changes in the microstructure and filtration efficiency (down to 57.33%) of the masks. In other techniques such as bleaching, boiling, steaming, ironing and placement in the oven, filtration efficiency dropped to only about 80% and in addition, some morphological changes in the nanofiber microstructure were seen. Expectedly, there was no significant reduction in filtration efficiency nor microstructural changes in the case of placement in autoclave and exposure to the UV light. It was concluded that, the latter methods are preferable to decontaminate nanofiber-based N95 masks. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 15:19:52 | |
| URL | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-208093/v1 | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-208093/v1 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7AJ24MKH | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 15:19:52 | |
| Upraveno | 9. 7. 2021 15:19:52 |
| Autor | Joseph Schwan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Troy R. Alva | |
| Autor | Giorgio Nava | |
| Autor | Carla Berrospe Rodriguez | |
| Autor | Zachary Spencer Dunn | |
| Autor | Justin W. Chartron | |
| Autor | Joshua Morgan | |
| Autor | Pin Wang | |
| Autor | Lorenzo Mangolini | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-10 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 crisis has taken a significant toll on human life and the global economy since its start in early 2020. Healthcare professionals have been particularly vulnerable because of the unprecedented shortage of Facepiece Respirators (FPRs), which act as fundamental tools to protect the medical staff treating the coronavirus patients. In addition, many FPRs are designed to be disposable single-use devices, creating an issue related to the generation of large quantities of non-biodegradable waste. In this contribution, we describe a plasma-based decontamination technique designed to circumvent the shortages of FPRs and alleviate the environmental problems posed by waste generation. The system utilizes a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) to generate ozone and feed it through the fibers of the FPRs. The flow-through configuration is different than canonical ozone-based sterilization methods, in which the equipment is placed in a sealed ozone-containing enclosure without any flow through the mask polymer fibers. We demonstrate the rapid decontamination of surgical masks using Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) as model pathogens, with the flow-through configuration providing a drastic reduction in sterilization time compared to the canonical approach. We also demonstrate that there is no deterioration in mask structure or filtration efficiency resulting from sterilization. Finally, we show that this decontamination approach can be implemented using readily available tools, such as a plastic box, a glass tube, few 3D printed components, and the high-voltage power supply from a plasma globe toy. The prototype assembled for this study is portable and affordable, with effectiveness comparable to that of larger and more expensive equipment. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 15:21:49 | |
| Publikace | Scientific Reports | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 12263 | |
| Práva | 2021 The Author(s) | |
| Extra | Bandiera_abtest: a Cc_license_type: cc_by Cg_type: Nature Research Journals Number: 1 Primary_atype: Research Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Subject_term: Process chemistry;Public health Subject_term_id: process-chemistry;public-health | |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.nature.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sci Rep | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-021-91735-w | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RIU6CI5Z | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 15:21:49 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:16:30 |
| Autor | Jin Pan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Charbel Harb | |
| Autor | Weinan Leng | |
| Autor | Linsey C. Marr | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-03 | |
| Abstrakt | We evaluated the effectiveness of 11 face coverings for material filtration efficiency, inward protection efficiency on a manikin, and outward protection efficiency on a manikin. At the most penetrating particle size, the vacuum bag, microfiber cloth, and single-layer surgical-type mask had material filtration efficiencies >50%, while the other materials had much lower filtration efficiencies. However, these efficiencies increased rapidly with particle size, and many materials had efficiencies >50% at 2 μm and >75% at 5 μm. The vacuum bag performed best, with efficiencies of 54–96% for all three metrics, depending on particle size. The thin acrylic and face shield performed worst. Inward protection efficiency and outward protection efficiency, defined for close-range, face-to-face interactions, were similar for many masks; the two efficiencies diverged for stiffer materials and those worn more loosely (e.g., bandana) or more tightly (e.g., wrapped around the head) compared to an earloop mask. Discrepancies between material filtration efficiency and inward/outward protection efficiency indicated that the fit of the mask was important. We calculated that the particle size most likely to deposit in the respiratory tract when wearing a mask is ∼2 μm. Based on these findings, we recommend a three-layer mask consisting of outer layers of a flexible, tightly woven fabric and an inner layer consisting of a material designed to filter out particles. This combination should produce an overall efficiency of >70% at the most penetrating particle size and >90% for particles 1 μm and larger if the mask fits well.Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:42:24 | |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2021.1890687 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Jazyk | en_US | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 718-733 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2021.1890687 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2021.1890687 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6ZW2W67U | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 15:20:48 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:39:30 |
| Autor | Morteza H. Bagheri | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Iman Khalaji | |
| Autor | Arad Azizi | |
| Autor | Rebecca T. Loibl | |
| Autor | Natalia Basualdo | |
| Autor | Scott Manzo | |
| Autor | Madhu L. Gorrepati | |
| Autor | Shilpa Mehendale | |
| Autor | Catherine Mohr | |
| Autor | Scott N. Schiffres | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-02 | |
| Abstrakt | The goal of this study is to evaluate the filtration efficiency and breathability of improvised filtration and commonly available mask materials, as well as to assess their reusability. Materials readily available to the general public such as cotton, fragrance and additive-free dry baby cleaning wipes, and those abundantly available in the hospital setting, such as sterilization wraps, were chosen for testing, amongst others. In the COVID-important 2-5 mu m particle range, two-layers of cotton provided filtration efficiency between 34%-66%. Amongst potential filter materials, 300-weight sterilization wraps provided approximately 80% filtration efficiency and are readily available in the healthcare setting. The addition of sterilization wrap to cotton fabrics brought the filtration efficiency to above that of the sterilization wrap (80%-90%) at the expense of added pressure drop. Four-layers of dry baby wipes performed very well with a filtration efficiency of 85% and a reasonable pressure drop (1/3 of procedure mask). Since the material is advertised as pure spunlace polypropylene and designed to contact the skin during cleaning, it would appear generally safe as a filter insert. Of improvised filters, polypropylene electrostatic HVAC filters performed the best with filtration efficiencies of >99%, but are not recommended due to the risk of confusion with glass-based HVAC filters and uncertainty regarding trace materials used in the filter. The filtration efficiency of two-layers of cotton fabrics with one-layer of sterilization wrap slightly improved over 10 laundry cycles, while the performance of other non-wovens, like dry baby wipes, degraded more rapidly and should be considered disposable. In summary, we found that two-layers of cotton fabric can provide a comfortable, breathable and reusable option. The addition of a sterilization wrap or four-layers of pure spunlace fragrance free dry baby wipes can significantly improve filtration and block expiratory aerosols at the expense of an added pressure drop. Copyright (c) 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:16:53 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 817-827 | |
| Extra | Place: Philadelphia Publisher: Taylor & Francis Inc WOS:000631937600001 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Sci. Technol. | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2021.1898537 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9M2ELDLJ | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:00:45 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:59:33 |
| Autor | Hongzhe Tang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dong Han | |
| Autor | Jian Zhang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The development of new materials for air filtration and particulate matter (PM) pollution is critical to solving global environmental issues that threaten human health and accelerate the greenhouse effect. In this study, a novel electrospun polystyrene-SiO2 nanoparticle (PS-SNP) fibrous membrane was explored by a single-step strategy to obtain the composite multi-layered filter masks. In addition, the air filtration performance of this fibrous membrane for PM was evaluated. The effects of SiO2 on the composition, morphology, mechanical property, and surface wetting of PS-SNP membranes were studied. Allowing SiO2 to be incorporated into the PS polymer was endowed with promising superhydrophobicity and demonstrated excellent mechanical properties. As-prepared PS-SNP membranes possess significantly better filtration efficiency than pure PS membrane. Furthermore, a three-layered air filter media (viscose/PS-SNP/polyethylene terephthalate) used in this study has considerable performances compared to the commercial masks. Since this air filtration membrane has excellent features such as high air filtration and permeability, we anticipate it to have huge potential application in air filtration systems, including cleanroom, respirator, and protective clothing. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:03:24 | |
| Publikace | Nano Express | |
| Ročník | 2 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 020017 | |
| ISSN | 2632-959X | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Nano Ex. | |
| DOI | 10.1088/2632-959X/abfe3d | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MGY89DPR | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:03:24 | |
| Upraveno | 9. 7. 2021 13:03:46 |
| Autor | Mei Qin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Daqing Liu | |
| Autor | Xin Meng | |
| Autor | Zhang Dai | |
| Autor | Shufang Zhu | |
| Autor | Na Wang | |
| Autor | Xu Yan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-01 | |
| Abstrakt | At the beginning of 2020, the whole world suffered from the new coronavirus (COVID-19). Wearing a mask was believed to reduce the spread of the virus. The core material of a mask required good air permeability and efficient filtration. Electrospun materials may match these requirements. By electrospinning, we prepared polyvinyl butyral (PVB)/berberine hydrochloride (BH) membranes onto the spunbonded nonwovens. The composite meshes showed porous structures, good air permeability (164 ± 16 mm/s) and air filtration efficiency 96.4% for PM 0.3, 100% for PM 2.5, with pressure drop (108 Pa). Moreover, with the addition of BH, the as-spun membranes showed good antibacterial property for staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the prepared PVB/berberine membranes had good hydrophobicity with water contact angle higher than 140°. These results indicated that the fabricated PVB/berberine membranes have potential applications in mask and air filtration. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:23:35 | |
| Publikace | Materials Letters: X | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Rozsah | 100074 | |
| ISSN | 2590-1508 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials Letters: X | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mlblux.2021.100074 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/SL32B2QD | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 15:55:40 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:55:31 |
| Autor | Rosario I. Yocupicio-Gaxiola | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Vitalii Petranovskii | |
| Autor | Perla Sanchez | |
| Autor | Joel Antunez-Garcia | |
| Autor | Gabriel Alonso-Nunez | |
| Autor | Donald H. Galvan | |
| Autor | Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06 | |
| Abstrakt | The population is constantly exposed to pathogenic infectious agents. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) helps reduce the spread of disease among the population and prevent pandemic scenarios. There are nanoparticles (NPs) with biocidal properties that can improve the functionality of PPE. This article discusses the achievements in developing nanostructured biocides and methods for functionalizing textile materials using NPs from such kind of compounds. This will allow the production of PPE of a new generation with the capabilities of active health protection. The studies presented here suggest that incorporating nanoparticles in PPE could be of great help for the fight and containment of pathogens like the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:54:26 | |
| Publikace | Ieee Latin America Transactions | |
| Krátký název | Prospects for Further Development of Face Masks to Minimize Pandemics Functionalization of Textile Materials with Biocide Inorganic Nanoparticles | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 19 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 1010-1023 | |
| Extra | Place: Piscataway Publisher: Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc WOS:000660635500019 | |
| ISSN | 1548-0992 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | IEEE Latin Am. Trans. | |
| DOI | 10.1109/TLA.2021.9451247 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/AJRY5NQ2 | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:54:26 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:18:04 |
| Autor | Pasquale Giungato | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Roberto Leonardo Rana | |
| Autor | Nicole Nitti | |
| Autor | Cosima Cavallari | |
| Autor | Caterina Tricase | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06 | |
| Abstrakt | The international outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 infection has put pressure on governments to find immediate solutions to the shortage of surgical masks and other protective equipment. To allow textile manufacturers producing surgical masks to avoid usual restrictions imposed on personal-protective-equipment producers, the Italian government issued a ministerial decree that was followed by technical guidelines provided by several universities. Starting from a hypothetical composition and design, we calculated the carbon footprint of surgical masks manufactured following technical guidelines, with the city of Taranto hosting the production facility. Results show that the production of textile sheets composing the masks and their disposal were the main contributors to emissions, followed by packaging and transportation. A strategy of reuse based on laundry operation was modelled, and the balance between disposal strategy and reuse with the laundry operation (which has environmental issues due to detergents and water use) was in favor of the second option. To reduce the carbon footprint, a minimized textiles area (by smart shaping) and reuse strategies result in the best options. Further reduction may be achieved by building up a recycling chain of disposed masks, activated by municipalities. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:58:17 | |
| Publikace | Sustainability | |
| Krátký název | Carbon Footprint of Surgical Masks Made in Taranto to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Diffusion | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 6296 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000660767100001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sustainability | |
| DOI | 10.3390/su13116296 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TMKE5T4L | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:58:17 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:19:18 |
| Autor | Moonhyun Choi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Youna Kim | |
| Autor | Sohyeon Park | |
| Autor | Dongwon Ka | |
| Autor | Taihyun Kim | |
| Autor | Sangmin Lee | |
| Autor | Eun-Ho Sohn | |
| Autor | Youngho Jin | |
| Autor | Jinkee Hong | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Transmission of pathogens via respiratory droplets can spread infections such as COVID-19. Wearing a mask hinders the spread of COVID-19 infection and has become mandatory in some cases. Although most masks are affordable and disposable, continual daily replacement is required due to their performance deterioration caused by washing and contamination. Hence, a urethane-reactive coating material comprising perfluoro-tert-butanol-hexamethylene diisocyanate is developed with highly hydrophobic and oleophobic properties to functionalize a polyurethane-coated fabric to bestow high breathability, durability, reusability, and protection ability. Its functions are maintained after scratch and wash testing, and its air permeability and water vapor transmittance rate (necessary for respiration) are unaffected. Its filtration efficiency of water droplets containing 100 nm polystyrene particles (similar in size to SARS-CoV-2) is increased due to its highly hydrophobic properties. In addition, it inhibits the adsorption of bovine serum albumin, the spike protein of COVID-19, and Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:59:31 | |
| Publikace | Advanced Functional Materials | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 31 | |
| Číslo | 24 | |
| Rozsah | 2101511 | |
| Extra | Place: Weinheim Publisher: Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh WOS:000638273400001 | |
| ISSN | 1616-301X | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Adv. Funct. Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1002/adfm.202101511 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NVK342YH | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 16:08:24 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:00:19 |
| Autor | Maamer Slimani | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bianca Miarka | |
| Autor | Hela Znazen | |
| Autor | Wassim Moalla | |
| Autor | Amri Hammami | |
| Autor | Armin Paravlic | |
| Autor | Nicola Luigi Bragazzi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06 | |
| Abstrakt | The present study aimed to verify the effect of a warm-up protocol with and without facemask-use on cognitive function. The sample was composed of 17 healthy, non-smoking physical education students (age = 17.6 years, height = 1.71 m, and body mass = 69.7 kg). They were randomized to perform 15 min of warm-up exercises, while wearing a cloth facemask (EXP) or no mask (CON) on two separate occasions, with at least 48-h separating conditions. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and d2 Attention assessment were used to verify cognitive function, using a repeated measures general linear model. The warm-up improved cognitive abilities and the results demonstrated significant differences between the EXP vs. CON groups in post-concentration performance (186.06 +/- 15.47 EXP-score vs. 178.12 +/- 13.66 CON-score), post the total number of errors (23.47 +/- 14.50 EXP-frequency < 29.06 +/- 13.74 CON-frequency), and in the post RPE (6.0 +/- 1.37 EXP-index > 4.7 +/- 0.85 CON-index). Wearing a cloth facemask caused positive effects on cognitive function. This data suggests that wearing a cloth facemask during warm-up may stimulate/improve the cognitive function. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:03:02 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | |
| Krátký název | Effect of a Warm-Up Protocol with and without Facemask-Use against COVID-19 on Cognitive Function | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 18 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 5885 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000659939100001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph18115885 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UFF26JCF | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:03:02 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:18:23 |
| Autor | Mohammad Irfan Iqbal | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shi Shuo | |
| Autor | Yuanzhang Jiang | |
| Autor | Bin Fei | |
| Autor | Qingyou Xia | |
| Autor | Xin Wang | |
| Autor | Wenbo Hu | |
| Autor | Jinlian Hu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 pandemic recently has a great impact on personalized protection and healthcare, especially in the area of the respiratory mask. However, due to the complex relationship between filtration performance and thermal management, there is a lack of investigation considering both characters in respirators. Woolen knitwears are recently well acknowledged as textiles for both hot and cold because of their superior water-actuated shape memory performance. To incorporate protective function against bacteria, virus, microdroplet, and particulate matter, melt-blown polypropylene can be introduced as a barrier layer. Herein, a robust and sustainable bio-based woolen respirator with the superior ability of thermal management is prepared using simple knitting and melt-blown technology. The as-prepared respirators provide excellent protection from airborne particulate along with the high level of comfort, compared with a commercial mask. Moreover, it exhibits a high rating during wear trial. This provides a new insight to develop high quality sustainable respiratory mask with an excellent comfort performance from functional biomaterials. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:15:29 | |
| Publikace | Advanced Materials Technologies | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 2100201 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: Wiley WOS:000641593000001 | |
| ISSN | 2365-709X | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Adv. Mater. Technol. | |
| DOI | 10.1002/admt.202100201 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WBG6ZM32 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 9:02:18 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:18:38 |
| Autor | Gary S. Selwyn | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Chunyan Ye | |
| Autor | Steven B. Bradfute | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06 | |
| Abstrakt | The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the need for protective and effective personal protective equipment (PPE). Research has shown that SARS-CoV-2 can survive on personal protective equipment, such as commonly used surgical masks. Methods are needed to inactivate virus on contaminated material. We show here that embedding viral-disinfecting compounds during the manufacturing of surgical masks inactivates a high dose (up to 1 × 105 pfu) of live, authentic SARS-CoV-2 within minutes. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 14:01:37 | |
| Publikace | Viruses | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 960 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 6 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/v13060960 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YG29GF2E | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 14:01:37 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:36:11 |
| Autor | Yahya Kara | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kolos Molnar | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Protective masks - worn properly - have become the key to wither away the COVID-19 pandemic. Nowadays, the vast majority of these masks are made of nonwoven fabrics. High-quality products have mainly melt-blown filtering layers of nano/microfiber. Melt blowing produces very fine synthetic nonwovens from a wide range of polymers and allows a fair control of the fiber structure and morphology that makes it ideal for filtration purposes. Melt blowing has a high throughput, and the low price of the filter makes these products widely available for civil use. Although melt-blown fiber applications were rapidly growing in the last three decades, we still have limited knowledge on the processing parameters. In this regard, we detailed the melt blowing parameters to obtain a filter media with high particle capturing efficiency and a low-pressure drop. We summarized the melt-blown fiber mat characteristics with specific attention to the pore size, the porosity, the fiber diameter, the fiber packing density and the air permeability desired for highly efficient filtration. Even though we cannot estimate the future social effects and the trauma caused by the current pandemic, and protective masks might remain a part of everyday life for a long while. That also implies that near-future investments in wider manufacturing capacities seem inevitable. This paper also aims to facilitate masks' production with improved filtration efficiency by reviewing the recent developments in melt blowing, the related applications, the effects of processing parameters on the structure and performance of the nonwoven products focusing on the filtration efficiency via knowledge. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:15:30 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Industrial Textiles | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Rozsah | 15280837211019488 | |
| Extra | Place: Thousand Oaks Publisher: Sage Publications Inc WOS:000657076400001 | |
| ISSN | 1528-0837 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Ind. Text. | |
| DOI | 10.1177/15280837211019488 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2SWYA73D | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:15:30 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:19:30 |
| Autor | Nazan Avcioğlu Kalebek | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05-25 | |
| Abstrakt | The Covid-19 epidemic has affected all aspect of daily life, from health and education, to even the way we shop. In the light of the epidemic, one decision has been to require surgical face masks in all public areas, including hospitals, schools, shopping centers and even in the street. Most consumers have chosen to wear colored surgical face masks to match their clothes. However, these colored surgical face masks have been dyed using synthetic dyestuff. This dyestuff contains toxic mutagenic, allergic and carcinogenic substances. This study aims to dye surgical facemask using natural colorants to investigate color fastness to perspiration, changes of color for each dyeing process (CIELAB) and the antibacterial activity of surgical face masks dyed using coffee grounds. During the dyeing process, three different types of mordant were used. The control sample was dyed using coffee grounds, without the use of mordant. Results found that coffee grounds can serve as a potential source of natural dye for coloring textile materials. Nonwoven samples showed good levels of fastness and antibacterial activity. | |
| Přístup | 12. 7. 2021 6:51:48 | |
| Publikace | The Journal of The Textile Institute | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 1-7 | |
| ISSN | 0040-5000 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | The Journal of The Textile Institute | |
| DOI | 10.1080/00405000.2021.1926129 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EVSSTPLN | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:16:55 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:58:29 |
| Autor | Melissa S. Blevens | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Homero F. Pastrana | |
| Autor | Hannah C. Mazzotta | |
| Autor | Candace Su-Jung Tsai | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05-24 | |
| Abstrakt | Amid the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, demand for cloth face masks containing nanosilver has increased. Common product claims such as "antiviral" and "antimicrobial" can be attractive to buyers seeking to protect themselves from this respiratory disease, but it is important to note that filtration capabilities are the main factor to prevent virus transmission and that antimicrobial ability is a secondary protection factor. Silver has long been known to be antibacterial, and growing research supports additional antiviral properties. In this study, 40 masks claiming to contain silver were evaluated for substantiated antiviral and antimicrobial claims using methods available to the public. Criteria for determining the validity of substantiated claims included the use of patented technology, international certification for antimicrobial and/or antiviral textile by ISO or ASTM, EPA pesticide registration, and peer-reviewed literature. Our analysis showed that, of the 40 masks, 21 had substantiated claims. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), two of the substantiated face masks (A and B) were examined for silver identification for further confirmation. Mask A uses silver and copper ions attached to zeolite particles; the zeolite particles discovered through SEM were approximately 90-200 nm in diameter. In mask B, particles of silver and titanium at the 250 nm size were found. In conclusion, these certifications or patents are not enough to determine credibility, and stricter regulations by federal agencies on product testing for manufacturers that make claims are necessary to ensure the efficacy of the product advertised, as well as a cloth face mask inhalation standard. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:00:55 | |
| Publikace | Acs Chemical Health & Safety | |
| Krátký název | Cloth Face Masks Containing Silver | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 28 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 171-182 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000656118900006 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Chem. Health Saf. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.chas.1c00005 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/B8S86UZ6 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 12:30:39 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:50:21 |
| Autor | Lokesh K. Pandey | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Virendra V. Singh | |
| Autor | Pushpendra K. Sharma | |
| Autor | Damayanti Meher | |
| Autor | Utpal Biswas | |
| Autor | Manisha Sathe | |
| Autor | Kumaran Ganesan | |
| Autor | Vikas B. Thakare | |
| Autor | Kavita Agarwal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05-13 | |
| Abstrakt | The severe outbreak of respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 has increased the significant demand of respiratory mask and its use become ubiquitous worldwide to control this unprecedented respiratory pandemic. The performance of a respiratory mask depends on the efficiency of the filter layer which is mostly made of polypropylene melt blown non-woven (PP-MB-NW). So far, very limited characterization data are available for the PPE-MB-NW in terms to achieve desired particulate filtration efficiency (PFE) against 0.3 mu m size, which are imperative in order to facilitate the right selection of PP-MB-NW fabric for the development of mask. In present study, eight different kinds of PP-MB-NW fabrics (Sample A-H) of varied structural morphology are chosen. The different PP-MB-NW were characterized for its pore size and distribution by mercury porosimeter and BET surface area analyzer was explored first time to understand the importance of blind pore in PFE. The PP-MB-NW samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy so as to know the surface morphology. The filtration efficiency, pressure drop and breathing resistance of various PP-MB-NW fabric samples are investigated in single and double layers combination against the particle size of 0.3, 0.5 and 1 mu m. The samples which are having low pore dia, high solid fraction volume, and low air permeability has high filtration efficiency (>90%) against 0.3 mu m particle with high pressure drop (16.3-21.3 mm WC) and breathing resistance (1.42-1.92 mbar) when compared to rest of the samples. This study will pave the way for the judicial selection of right kind of filter layer i.e., PP-MB-NW fabric for the development of mask and it will be greatly helpful in manufacturing of mask in this present pandemic with desired PFE indicating considerable promise for defense against respiratory pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:13:34 | |
| Publikace | Scientific Reports | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 10187 | |
| Extra | Place: Berlin Publisher: Nature Research WOS:000656941100026 | |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sci Rep | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-021-89503-x | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5Z3SGISG | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:13:34 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:20:34 |
| Autor | Massimo Mariello | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Antonio Qualtieri | |
| Autor | Giuseppe Mele | |
| Autor | Massimo De Vittorio | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Disposable surgical face masks are usually used by medical/nurse staff but the current Covid-19 pandemic has caused their massive use by many people. Being worn closely attached to the people's face, they are continuously subjected to routine movements, i.e., facial expressions, breathing, and talking. These motional forces represent an unusual source of wasted mechanical energy that can be rather harvested by electromechanical transducers and exploited to power mask-integrated sensors. Typically, piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators are exploited to this aim; however, most of the current devices are too thick or wide, not really conformable, and affected by humidity, which make them hardly embeddable in a mask, in contact with skin. Different from recent attempts to fabricate smart energy-harvesting cloth masks, in this work, a wearable energy harvester is rather enclosed in the mask and can be reused and not disposed. The device is a metal-free hybrid piezoelectric nanogenerator (hPENG) based on soft biocompatible materials. In particular, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes in the pure form and with a biobased plasticizer (cardanol oil, CA) are electrospun onto a laser-ablated polyimide flexible substrate attached on a skin-conformable elastomeric blend of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and Ecoflex. The multilayer structure of the device harnesses the piezoelectricity of the PVDF nanofibers and the friction triboelectric effects. The ultrasensitive mechanoelectrical transduction properties of the composite device are determined by the strong electrostatic behavior of the membranes and the plasticization effect of cardanol. In addition, encapsulation based on PVDF, PDMS, CA, and parylene C is used, allowing the hPENG to exhibit optimal reliability and resistance against the wet and warm atmosphere around the face mask. The proposed device reveals potential applications for the future development of smart masks with coupled energy-harvesting devices, allowing to use them not only for anti-infective protection but also to supply sensors or active antibacterial/viral devices. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:16:54 | |
| Publikace | Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 17 | |
| Rozsah | 20606-20621 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000648552500102 | |
| ISSN | 1944-8244 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsami.1c01740 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JR6Y57MS | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:16:55 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:20:52 |
| Autor | Jiri Militky | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Aravin Prince Periyasamy | |
| Autor | Mohanapriya Venkataraman | |
| Typ | Kniha | |
| Datum | 2021-05-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Textiles and Their Use in Microbial Protection: Focus on COVID-19 and Other Viruses provides readers with vital information about disinfection mechanisms used in textile applications in the fight against dangerous microbes and viruses. KEY FEATURES: Introduces the basics of textile materials used for medical applications Features key information on virology, characterization, indication, and passivation of COVID-19 Describes UV, photocatalysis, photooxidation, application of TiO2, copper-based viral inhibition, and activated carbon Discusses antiviral finishes for the protection against SARS-CoV-2, particle penetration in dense cotton fabrics under swollen state, and the impact of moisture on face masks and their designs Aimed at textile and materials engineers as well as readers in medical fields, this text offers a comprehensive view of fundamentals and solutions in the use of textiles for microbial protection. | |
| Vydavatel | CRC Press | |
| Krátký název | Textiles and Their Use in Microbial Protection | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| # stran | 318 | |
| Extra | Google-Books-ID: 8ngpEAAAQBAJ | |
| Katalog knihovny | Google Books | |
| ISBN | 978-1-00-039585-3 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XJH6AL7H | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 13:44:00 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:53:11 |
| Autor | Ting-Ting Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Heng Zhang | |
| Autor | Bo Gao | |
| Autor | Bing-Chiuan Shiu | |
| Autor | Hai-Tao Ren | |
| Autor | Hao-Kai Peng | |
| Autor | Ching-Wen Lou | |
| Autor | Jia-Horng Lin | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Drug-resistant pathogens render tremendous pressure and challenges on the development of biomedical materials with highly efficient barrier and long-lasting antibacterial efficacy. Herein, this study combined metal–organic framework (zeolite imidazolate framework 8 [ZIF-8]) and melt blowing–electrospinning method to construct the bead-on-string structure of PPCL@PDA/TAEG/PCL/ZIF8 hierarchical micro/nanofibrous composite membranes with rechargeable, antibacterial, and high-efficiency filtration properties. The incorporation of bead-on-string structure provides the PPCL@PDA/TAEG/PCL/ZIF8–9 composite membranes with above 99.9% filtration efficiency against ultrafine particles larger than 500 nm in diameter. Moreover, the composite membrane quickly releases reactive oxygen species under daylight conditions. The release amount after charging for 1 h is 13009.41 μg/g for •OH and 405.72 μg/g for H2O2. The composite membranes retain 89.9% and 65.1% of the original charging capacities of •OH and H2O2, respectively, after seven cycles. These membranes also show greater antibacterial activity, and the sterilizing rates against S. aureus and E. coli reach 99% and 95%, respectively, in daytime and nighttime. These daylight-driven rechargeable micro/nanofibrous membranes can be used in the development of reusable medical protective materials with highly efficient filtration and daylight-driven rechargeable antibacterial efficacy. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 8:45:24 | |
| Publikace | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 422 | |
| Rozsah | 130007 | |
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130007 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6STJPHIJ | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 8:45:24 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:53:31 |
| Autor | Nicolas Delvaux | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bert Aertgeerts | |
| Autor | Jan Yvan Jos Verbakel | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05-01 | |
| Abstrakt | A short-cut review of the available medical literature was carried out to establish whether homemade or cloth face masks can prevent respiratory virus transmission or clinical illness. After abstract review, twelve papers were found to answer this clinical question using the detailed search strategy. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these papers are tabulated. It is concluded that there is currently no direct evidence to support the use of homemade or cloth masks by the general public for protection against viral infections. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:00:34 | |
| Publikace | Emergency Medicine Journal | |
| Krátký název | BET 1 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 38 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 401-403 | |
| Práva | © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. | |
| Extra | Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and the British Association for Accident & Emergency Medicine Section: Best Evidence Topic reports | |
| ISSN | 1472-0213 | |
| Katalog knihovny | emj.bmj.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Emerg Med J | |
| DOI | 10.1136/emermed-2020-209761.2 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/G8FD4XX3 | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:00:34 | |
| Upraveno | 9. 7. 2021 13:00:59 |
| Autor | Chamith Hewawaduge | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Amal Senevirathne | |
| Autor | Vijayakumar Jawalagatti | |
| Autor | Jang Whan Kim | |
| Autor | John Hwa Lee | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The present study investigates the potential of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation by a copper sulfide (CuS) incorporated three-layer mask design. The mask consisted of the outer, middle, and inner layers to give comfort, strength, shape, and safety. The outer layer contained a total of 4.4% CuS (w/w) (2.2% CuS coated & 2.2% CuS impregnated) nylon fibers and the middle entrapment area contain a total of 17.6% CuS (w/w) impregnated nylon. No CuS was present in the inner layer. The antiviral efficacy assessment revealed, CuS incorporated mask is highly effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 within 30 min exposure. After, 1h and 2 h exposure, near-complete elimination of virus were observed by cytopathy, fluorescence, and viral copy number. The antiviral activity of the mask material was derived by incorporated solid-state CuS. Noticeably, the antiviral activity of CuS against SARS-CoV-2 was in the form of solid-state CuS, but not as Cu2+ ionic form derived by dissolved CuSO4. The kinetics of droplet entrapment revealed, that the three-layered mask almost completely block virus-containing droplet pass-through for short exposure periods of 1–2 min, and 80% efficacy for longer exposure times of 5–10 min. We also demonstrated the incorporated CuS is evenly distributed all over the fibers assuring the uniformity of potential antiviral activity and proves, CuS particles are not easily shed out of the fabric fibers. The inactivation efficacy demonstrated against SARS-CoV-2 proves that the CuS incorporated three-layer mask will be a lifesaver during the present intense global pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:23:35 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 196 | |
| Rozsah | 110947 | |
| ISSN | 0013-9351 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environmental Research | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110947 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YF9KHW3K | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:39:25 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:52:33 |
| Autor | Emily S. Medina-Magues | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anna Stedman | |
| Autor | Paul Hope | |
| Autor | Jorge E. Osorio | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05 | |
| Abstrakt | In an attempt to create novel methods to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses, fabric material was treated with Viruferrin (TM) and tested for its inactivating properties against the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A viruses. Inactivating properties were evaluated by comparing Viruferrin-treated and cotton control fabric material with and without the application of saliva at various time points after virus exposure. A statistically significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in the number of infectious virus particles exposed to Viruferrin-treated fabric when compared with the cotton control for both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A viruses was observed. For both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A, Viruferrin-treated fabrics experienced a >99% virus reduction without saliva after five minutes of contact when compared to the positive control at time point 0. Furthermore, the reusability of the Viruferrin treated fabric was demonstrated by stability for up to 10 washes. The level of anti-viral (SARS-CoV-2) activity remained constant from 5 to 10 washes and demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.0001) from the unwashed untreated material. Applications for this treated fabric are far reaching, as a biological face covering offers not only a unique 2-way protection but also is unlikely to cause onward touch transmission. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:54:26 | |
| Publikace | Materials | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 2327 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000650567400001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ma14092327 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MU6WDR85 | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:54:26 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:50:13 |
| Autor | Akriti Nanda | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ivan Hung | |
| Autor | Ava Kwong | |
| Autor | Vivian Chi-Mei Man | |
| Autor | Pankaj Roy | |
| Autor | Lucy Davies | |
| Autor | Michael Douek | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective: Recommendations for widespread use of face mask, including suggested type, should reflect the current published evidence and concurrently be studied. This review evaluates the preclinical and clinical evidence on use of cloth and surgical face masks in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and proposes a trial to gather further evidence. Methods: PubMed, EMbase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Studies of SARS-CoV-2 and face masks and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of n >= 50 for other respiratory illnesses were included. Results: Fourteen studies were included in this study. One preclinical and 1 observational cohort clinical study found significant benefit of masks in limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Eleven RCTs in a meta-analysis studying other respiratory illnesses found no significant benefit of masks (+/- hand hygiene) for influenza-like-illness symptoms nor laboratory confirmed viruses. One RCT found a significant benefit of surgical masks compared with cloth masks. Conclusion: There is limited available preclinical and clinical evidence for face mask benefit in SARS-CoV-2. RCT evidence for other respiratory viral illnesses shows no significant benefit of masks in limiting transmission but is of poor quality and not SARS-CoV-2 specific. There is an urgent need for evidence from randomized controlled trials to investigate the efficacy of surgical and cloth masks on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and user reported outcomes such as comfort and compliance. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:54:26 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Evidence Based Medicine | |
| Krátký název | Efficacy of surgical masks or cloth masks in the prevention of viral transmission | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 97-111 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: Wiley WOS:000658532100004 | |
| ISSN | 1756-5383 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J Evid.-Based Med. | |
| DOI | 10.1111/jebm.12424 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PM6FJYPS | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 13:08:57 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:21:51 |
Copyright - © 2021. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-02-14
| Autor | Jerry T. J. Ju | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Leah Boisvert | |
| Autor | Yi Y. Zuo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-29 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a global pandemic on a scale not seen for over a century. Increasing evidence suggests that respiratory droplets and aerosols are likely the most common route of transmission for SARS-CoV-2. Since the virus can be spread by presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, universal face masking has been recommended as a straightforward and low-cost strategy to mitigate virus transmission. Numerous governments and public health agencies around the world have advocated for or mandated the wearing of masks in public settings, especially in situations where social distancing is not possible. However, the efficacy of wearing a mask remains controversial. This interdisciplinary review summarizes the current, state-of-the-art understanding of mask usage against COVID-19. It covers three main aspects of mask usage amid the pandemic: quality standards for various face masks and their fundamental filtration mechanisms, empirical methods for quantitatively determining mask integrity and particle filtration efficiency, and decontamination methods that allow for the reuse of traditionally disposable N95 and surgical masks. The focus is given to the fundamental physicochemical and engineering sciences behind each aspect covered in this review, providing novel insights into the current understanding of mask usage to curb COVID-19 spread. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 8:45:24 | |
| Publikace | Advances in Colloid and Interface Science | |
| Krátký název | Face masks against COVID-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 102435 | |
| ISSN | 0001-8686 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Advances in Colloid and Interface Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102435 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/86CC7DEU | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 8:45:24 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:54:08 |
| Autor | Laura H. Kwong | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rob Wilson | |
| Autor | Shailabh Kumar | |
| Autor | Yoshika Susan Crider | |
| Autor | Yasmin Reyes Sanchez | |
| Autor | David Rempel | |
| Autor | Ajay Pillarisetti | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-27 | |
| Abstrakt | The World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Disease Control have recommended universal face masking by the general public to slow the spread of COVID-19. A number of recent studies have evaluated the filtration efficiency and pressure differential (an indicator of breathability) of various, widely available materials that the general public can use to make face masks at home. In this review, we summarize those studies to provide guidance for both the public to select the best materials for face masks and for future researchers to rigorously evaluate and report on mask material testing. Of the tested fabric materials and material combinations with adequate breathability, most single and multilayer combinations had a filtration efficiency of <30%. Most studies evaluating commonly available mask materials did not follow standard methods that would facilitate comparison across studies, and materials were often described with too few details to allow consumers to purchase equivalent materials to make their own masks. To improve the usability of future study results, researchers should use standard methods and report material characteristics in detail. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:56:58 | |
| Publikace | Acs Nano | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 15 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 5904-5924 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000645436800008 | |
| ISSN | 1936-0851 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Nano | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsnano.0c10146 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9Z2BXN2P | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:06:01 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:45:04 |
| Autor | Brian M. Gurbaxani | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andrew N. Hill | |
| Autor | Prabasaj Paul | |
| Autor | Pragati V. Prasad | |
| Autor | Rachel B. Slayton | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-27 | |
| Abstrakt | We updated a published mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission with laboratory-derived source and wearer protection efficacy estimates for a variety of face masks to estimate their impact on COVID-19 incidence and related mortality in the United States. When used at already-observed population rates of 80% for those ≥65 years and 60% for those <65 years, face masks are associated with 69% (cloth) to 78% (medical procedure mask) reductions in cumulative COVID-19 infections and 82% (cloth) to 87% (medical procedure mask) reductions in related deaths over a 6-month timeline in the model. If cloth or medical procedure masks’ source control and wearer protection efficacies are boosted about 30% each to 84% and 60% by cloth over medical procedure masking, fitters, or braces, the COVID-19 basic reproductive number of 2.5 could decrease to an effective reproductive number ≤ 1.0, and from 4.0 to ≈ 1.6 for the B.1.1.7 variant. Article Summary Line Adapting a published SARS-CoV-2 transmission model together with updated, laboratory-derived source control and wearer protection efficacy estimates for a variety of face coverings as well as N95 respirators, we demonstrate that community masking as currently practiced has likely reduced cases and deaths and that this benefit can be increased with wider adoption of better performing masks. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Clinical Trial This is an epidemiological modeling study, not a clinical trial Funding Statement No external funding was received. Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: No IRB was needed as this is an epidemiological modeling study. All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes Paper in collection COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 preprints from medRxiv and bioRxiv | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:26:25 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.04.21.21255889 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2021.04.21.21255889 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PYSPU7VW | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:26:25 | |
| Upraveno | 9. 7. 2021 14:27:11 |
| Autor | Christopher R. Gough | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kayla Callaway | |
| Autor | Everett Spencer | |
| Autor | Kilian Leisy | |
| Autor | Guoxiang Jiang | |
| Autor | Shu Yang | |
| Autor | Xiao Hu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Biobased materials such as cellulose, chitin, silk, soy, and keratin are attractive alternatives to conventional synthetic materials for filtration applications. They are cheap, naturally abundant, and easily fabricated with tunable surface chemistry and functionality. With the planet’s increasing crisis due to pollution, the need for proper filtration of air and water is undeniably urgent. Additionally, fibers that are antibacterial and antiviral are critical for public health and in medical environments. The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the necessity for cheap, easily mass-produced antiviral fiber materials. Biopolymers can fill these roles very well by utilizing their intrinsic material properties, surface chemistry, and hierarchical fiber morphologies for efficient and eco-friendly filtration of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants. Further, they are biodegradable, making them attractive as sustainable, biocompatible green filters. This review presents various biopolymeric materials generated from proteins and polysaccharides, their synthesis and fabrication methods, and notable uses in filtration applications. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 12:36:46 | |
| Publikace | ACS Omega | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 2470-1343 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Omega | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsomega.1c00791 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/P23AGBTH | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 12:36:46 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:54:47 |
| Autor | Ekin Asim Ozek | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sercan Tanyeli | |
| Autor | Murat Kaya Yapici | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a well-established technology utilized in inventory management, security, logistics, product marketing as well as next generation smart flexible sensor platforms. This work reports the development of printed, wearable graphene temperature sensor on flexible textile substrates with structural configuration of RFID coil. Patterning of graphene in the form of sensing RFID coils on textile surfaces was achieved with cost-effective and scalable spray printing of graphene oxide and sequential reduction to reduced graphene oxide. Graphene RFID coil operating at 13.56 MHz with temperature sensing capability, are printed on flexible, ordinary fabrics to enable wearable and flexible electronics applications. The demonstration of reduced graphene oxide on textile as temperature sensitive layer is the distinct feature of this work. Good sensitivity of 0.0125 °C-1 is achieved with linear response in the range of 25°C to 45°C and 12 % decrease in resistance was observed over the measured temperature span. Induced voltage of 100 mV peak-to-peak at an area of 30.25 cm2 is measured. RFID performance of the sensor coil under different bending radii starting from fully flat (0°) to complete bending (90°) was also studied, showing that sensor coil performs well during flat operation (100 mV) and stays above noise floor even under fully bended condition (12 mV). Finally, flexible temperature sensing RFID antenna attached to human body to investigate performance for wearable applications, indicating that the sensor can effectively monitor temperatures in the range of 25°C to 45°C. | |
| Publikace | IEEE Sensors Journal | |
| Rozsah | 1-1 | |
| Extra | Conference Name: IEEE Sensors Journal | |
| ISSN | 1558-1748 | |
| Katalog knihovny | IEEE Xplore | |
| DOI | 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3075902 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/H9AXK3GZ | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 12:37:55 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:32:29 |
| Autor | Rogério A. Bataglioli | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | João B. M. R. Neto | |
| Autor | Guilherme B. Calais | |
| Autor | Laise M. Lopes | |
| Autor | Junko Tsukamoto | |
| Autor | Ana P. de Moraes | |
| Autor | Clarice W. Arns | |
| Autor | Marisa M. Beppu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-22 | |
| Abstrakt | The sanitary crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has increased the demand for bioactive materials to mitigate coronavirus spread. The use of masks has been reported as an essential strategy to prevent coronavirus transmission, but masks can become contaminated rapidly after use. Metals species containing compounds, especially those from the copper group, present properties that can be explored to suppress viral activity. Natural polymers, like alginate, can improve biocompatibility and adjust metal ion availability on hybrid coatings. This study assesses iron, copper, silver, and gold salts and their combination with biopolymers to design surfaces with virucidal properties. Viral inactivation assays with MHV-3 coronavirus strain and cytotoxicity tests with L929 cells were conducted to the hybrid coatings on polypropylene masks. These coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance device, and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. Multilayer coatings of alginate-copper sulfate presented 99.99% viral inactivation in a timely release of copper ions. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 8:57:16 | |
| Publikace | Journal of the American Ceramic Society | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | jace.17862 | |
| Práva | This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jace.17862 | |
| ISSN | 1551-2916 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of the American Ceramic Society | |
| DOI | 10.1111/jace.17862 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Y7YF5MVY | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 8:57:16 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 12:32:26 |
| Autor | D. C. Glasbrenner | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Y. W. Choi | |
| Autor | A. W. M. Richardson | |
| Autor | E. W. Edwards | |
| Autor | M. J. Mladineo | |
| Autor | M. Sunderman | |
| Autor | P. H. Keyes | |
| Autor | J. Boyce | |
| Autor | J. K. Middleton | |
| Autor | M. W. Howard | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-21 | |
| Abstrakt | Aims Assess the feasibility of using light from artificial sun lamps to decontaminate N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) contaminated with SARS-CoV-2. Methods and Results FFR coupons or whole FFRs contaminated with 5 log10 TCID50 (target concentration) SARS-CoV-2 in culture media, simulated saliva, or simulated lung fluid were dried for 1-2 hrs, then exposed to light from tanning and horticulture lamps to assess decontamination. Exposed coupons and whole FFRs showed SARS-CoV-2 inactivation for all matrices tested. Furthermore, FFRs still met performance specifications after five decontamination cycles. Conclusions It is feasible that artificial sunlight from these sun lamps can be used to decontaminate FFRs provided the UV dose is sufficient and the light is unobstructed. Furthermore, decontamination can be performed up to five times without degrading FFR performance. Significance and Impact of Study This research shows a proof of principle that artificial sun lamps may be an option to decontaminate SARS-CoV-2 on N95 FFRs. UV doses required for inactivation to levels below detection ranged from 4 J/cm2 to 37.8 J/cm2 depending on the light source, virus matrix, and FFR type. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 8:59:00 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Applied Microbiology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | jam.15106 | |
| Práva | This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jam.15106 | |
| ISSN | 1365-2672 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Applied Microbiology | |
| DOI | 10.1111/jam.15106 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KIXS3NTJ | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 8:59:00 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:55:48 |
| Autor | Salvador Augusto de las Heras Jiménez | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Francisco Javier Arias Montenegro | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-19 | |
| Abstrakt | In this note the role of cigarette smoking in the aerosolization and transport of COVID-19 through face masks is considered. On one hand, it is known that COVID-19 spreads primarily through water droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes or speaks, and on the other hand it is also known from available experimental data that cigarette smoke particles are hygroscopic, i.e., they can act as active condensation nuclei and then can potentially act as aerolizer agent of COVID-19 inside the alveolar region of an infected smoker. Utilizing a diffusion model for the effect of water vapor on the growth of cigarette smoke particles it is shown that they can double its radius around saturation conditions -as expected in the alveolar region. Because cigarette smoke particles are with sizes peaked around 0.25 micron, then the resulting particle after absorption of surrounding water will have a size around 0.5 micron of radius which are quite able to pass thorough practically any face mask and in addition transporting around 50 viruses or thereabouts inside its water film. Therefore the current strict law enforcement of many government with the mandatory use of face masks when at the same time the measures are relaxed with the habit of smoking is call into question. We feel that it is appropriate to air the subject at this time and to encourage a careful investigation and measures of the subject | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 12:48:07 | |
| URL | http://hdl.handle.net/2117/344681 | |
| Publikace | UPCommons | |
| Jazyk | eng | |
| Práva | Open Access | |
| Extra | Accepted: 2021-04-28T10:43:22Z | |
| Katalog knihovny | upcommons.upc.edu | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VFWHHM37 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 12:48:07 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:17 |
| Autor | Tyler Cuthbert | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Siobhan Ennis | |
| Autor | Stefania F. Musolino | |
| Autor | Heather L. Buckley | |
| Autor | Masahiro Niikura | |
| Autor | Jeremy Wulff | |
| Autor | Carlo Menon | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-16 | |
| Abstrakt | The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the weaknesses of relying on single-use mask and respirator personal protective equipment (PPE) and the global supply chain that supports this market. There have been no major innovations in filter technology for PPE in the past two decades. Non-woven textiles used for filtering PPE are single-use products in the healthcare environment; use and protection is focused on preventing infection from airborne or aerosolized pathogens such as Influenza A virus SARS-CoV-2. Recently, C–H bond activation under mild and controllable conditions was reported for crosslinking commodity aliphatic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Significantly, these are the same types of polymers used in PPE filtration systems. In this report, we take advantage of this C–H insertion method to covalently attach a photosensitizing zinc-porphyrin to the surface of a melt-blow non-woven textile filter material. With the photosensitizer covalently attached to the surface of the textile, illumination with visible light was expected to produce oxidizing 1O2/ROS at the surface of the material that would result in pathogen inactivation. The filter was tested for its ability to inactivate Influenza A virus, an enveloped RNA virus similar to SARS-CoV-2, over a period of four hours with illumination of high intensity visible light. The photosensitizer-functionalized polypropylene filter inactivated our model virus by 99.99% in comparison to a control. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:33:16 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Katalog knihovny | chemrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.26434/chemrxiv.14423672.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HMLRZBJG | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:33:16 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:22:56 |
| Autor | Zoe A. Pollard | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Madeline Karod | |
| Autor | Jillian L. Goldfarb | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Abstract Global health organizations recommend the use of cloth face coverings to slow the spread of COVID-19. Seemingly overnight, companies whose primary business is in no way related to healthcare or personal protective equipment – from mattresses manufacturers to big box stores – transitioned into the “mask business.” One of many options on the market are antimicrobial face masks, some of which contain silver and/or copper that may leach out of these masks. We exposed ten face masks to deionized water, laundry detergent, and artificial saliva to quantify the leachable silver and copper as a result of mask washing and wearing. Leaching varied widely across brand, metal, and leaching solution, but in some cases was as high as 100% of the metals contained in the as-received mask after 1 hour of exposure. This could lead to a total adult body metal exposure of up to 900 µg/kg of silver and 75 µg/kg of copper by wearing a given mask over an 8-hour workday. While this exposure could be minimized by pre-washing the cloth masks, this would seem to eliminate any (perceived) antimicrobial properties as the metals are eliminated into wastewater and/or graywater. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 12:28:56 | |
| Publikace | Research Square, In Review | |
| Extra | DOI: | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| DOI | 10.21203/rs.3.rs-378674/v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ARJMYDK9 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 12:28:56 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:57:55 |
| Autor | Mohammad Saberian | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jie Li | |
| Autor | Shannon Kilmartin-Lynch | |
| Autor | Mahdi Boroujeni | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-14 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has not only created a global health crisis, but it is also now threatening the environment. A multidisciplinary collaborative approach is required to fight against the pandemic and reduce the environmental risks associated with the disposal of used personal protective equipment (PPE). This paper explores an innovative way to reduce pandemic-generated waste by recycling the used face masks with other waste materials in civil constructions. In this research, for the first time, a series of experiments, including modified compaction, unconfined compression strength and resilient modulus tests, were conducted on the blends of different percentages of the shredded face mask (SFM) added to the recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for road base and subbase applications. The experimental results show that RCA mixed with three different percentages (i.e., 1%, 2% and 3%) of SFM satisfied the stiffness and strength requirements for pavements base/subbase. The introduction of the shredded face mask not only increased the strength and stiffness but also improved the ductility and flexibility of RCA/SFM blends. The inclusion of 1% SFM to RCA resulted in the highest values of unconfined compressive strength (216 kPa) and the highest resilient modulus (314.35 MP). However, beyond 2%, increasing the amount of SFM led to a decrease in strength and stiffness. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:46:04 | |
| Publikace | Science of The Total Environment | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 769 | |
| Rozsah | 145527 | |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Science of The Total Environment | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145527 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/U3ACBJMI | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 15:46:04 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:35:33 |
| Autor | Lingyun Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ye Bian | |
| Autor | Chee Kent Lim | |
| Autor | Zhuolun Niu | |
| Autor | Patrick K. H. Lee | |
| Autor | Chun Chen | |
| Autor | Li Zhang | |
| Autor | Walid A. Daoud | |
| Autor | Yunlong Zi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Face masks have been an effective and indispensable personal protective measure against particulate matter pollutants and respiratory diseases, especially the novel Coronavirus disease recently. However, disposable surgical face masks suffer from low filtration efficiency for particles ranging from nano- to micro-size, and the limited service life of ~ 4 h. Here, a nano/micro fibrous hybrid air filter mask composing of electrospun nanofibrous network and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrenesulfonate) coated polypropylene (PP) is proposed. Furthermore, the resultant filter is supplied with tribo-charges by a freestanding sliding triboelectric nanogenerator. Through the enhanced synergistic effect of mechanical interception and electrostatic forces, the hybrid air filter demonstrates high filtration efficiency for particle size of 11.5 nm to 2.5 µm, with a 9.3–34.68% enhancement for particles of 0.3–2.5 µm compared to pristine PP, and 48-h stable filtration efficiency of 94% (0.3–0.4 µm) and 99% (1–2.5 µm) with a low pressure drop of ~110 Pa. In addition, sterilization ability of the tribo-charge enhanced air filter is demonstrated. This work provides a facile and cost-effective approach for state-of-the-art face masks toward high filtration performance of nano- to micro- particles with greatly extended service life. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:52:05 | |
| Publikace | Nano Energy | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 85 | |
| Rozsah | 106015 | |
| ISSN | 2211-2855 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Nano Energy | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106015 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/F49KCQZ8 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 14:51:27 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:33:17 |
| Autor | Amos Wei Lun Lee | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Edward Ren Kai Neo | |
| Autor | Zi-Yu Khoo | |
| Autor | Zhiquan Yeo | |
| Autor | Yee Shee Tan | |
| Autor | Shuyun Chng | |
| Autor | Wenjin Yan | |
| Autor | Boon Keng Lok | |
| Autor | Jonathan Sze Choong Low | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Background The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented amount of face mask consumption around the world. The increase in face mask consumption has brought focus to their environmental impact. To keep up with the increased demand for face masks, different variations of reusable face masks such as the embedded filtration layer (EFL) reusable face mask have emerged in the market. This study quantifies the environmental impact of the EFL reusable face mask and the single-use surgical face mask. Methods The life cycle assessment (LCA) study of the entire value chain from cradle-to-grave is applied to each face mask. Both face masks are evaluated over 1 functional unit (FU) of 31 12-h days for a single person. The ReCiPe method with the Hierachist perspective was applied. A total of nine impact categories as well as the generated waste of each face mask are evaluated. Results The results show that for 1 functional unit, the use of single-use surgical face mask and EFL reusable face mask will contribute 0.580 kg CO2-eq and 0.338 kg CO2-eq to climate change and generate 0.004 kg and 0.0004 kg of waste respectively. Conclusion Comparing both face masks, the EFL reusable face mask will have a lower emission of at least 30% in terms of the generated waste and the impact categories considered, except for water depletion, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, and human toxicity. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:55:40 | |
| Publikace | Resources, Conservation and Recycling | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 170 | |
| Rozsah | 105580 | |
| ISSN | 0921-3449 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Resources, Conservation and Recycling | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105580 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/H94HZUDY | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 15:55:40 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:33:42 |
| Autor | Yue Ma | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Nicharee Wisuthiphaet | |
| Autor | Hunter Bolt | |
| Autor | Nitin Nitin | |
| Autor | Qinghua Zhao | |
| Autor | Dong Wang | |
| Autor | Behnam Pourdeyhimi | |
| Autor | Pierre Grondin | |
| Autor | Gang Sun | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Embedding medical and hygiene products with regenerable antimicrobial functions would have significant implications for limiting pathogen contaminations and reducing healthcare-associated infections. Herein, we demonstrate a scalable and industrially feasible methodology to fabricate chlorine rechargeable melt-blown polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabrics, which have been widely used in hygienic and personal protective products, via a combination of a melt reactive extrusion process and melt-blown technique. Methacrylamide (MAM) was employed as a precursor of halamine monomers and covalently grafted onto the PP backbone to form polypropylene-grafted methacrylamide (PP-g-MAM), which could be chlorinated, yielding biocidal acyclic halamines. Subsequently, the resultant PP-g-MAM was manufactured into nonwoven fabrics with varying fiber diameters by adjusting the hot air flowing speed during the melt-blowing process. The chlorinated nonwoven fabrics (PP-g-MAM-Cl) exhibited integrated properties such as a robust mechanical property, good thermal stability, high chlorination capability (>850 ppm), and desirable chlorine rechargeability. More importantly, such chlorinated nonwoven fabrics showed a promising antibacterial and antiviral efficiency, achieving 6 log CFU reduction of bacteria (both Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Listeria innocua) and 7 log PFU reductions of a virus (T7 bacteriophages) within 15 and 5 min of contact, respectively, revealing great potential to serve as a reusable antimicrobial material for medical protection applications. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 13:55:04 | |
| Publikace | ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00117 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5YQI8XTN | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 13:55:04 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:58:23 |
| Autor | Haedi E. DeAngelis | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anne M. Grillet | |
| Autor | Martin B. Nemer | |
| Autor | Maryla A. Wasiolek | |
| Autor | Don J. Hanson | |
| Autor | Michael A. Omana | |
| Autor | Andres L. Sanchez | |
| Autor | David W. Vehar | |
| Autor | Paul M. Thelen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-08 | |
| Abstrakt | In response to personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages in the United States due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019, two models of N95 respirators were evaluated for reuse after gamma radiation sterilization. Gamma sterilization is attractive for PPE reuse because it can sterilize large quantities of material through hermetically sealed packaging, providing safety and logistic benefits. The Gamma Irradiation Facility at Sandia National Laboratories was used to irradiate N95 filtering facepiece respirators to a sterilization dose of 25 kGy(tissue). Aerosol particle filtration performance testing and electrostatic field measurements were used to determine the efficacy of the respirators after irradiation. Both respirator models exhibited statistically significant decreases in particle filtering efficiencies and electrostatic potential after irradiation. The largest decrease in capture efficiency was 40–50% and peaked near the 200 nm particle size. The key contribution of this effort is correlating the electrostatic potential change of individual filtration layer of the respirator with the decrease filtration efficiency after irradiation. This observation occurred in both variations of N95 respirator that we tested. Electrostatic potential measurement of the filtration layer is a key indicator for predicting filtration efficiency loss. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:25:16 | |
| Publikace | PLOS ONE | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | e0248859 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS ONE | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0248859 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8WIFJK68 | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:25:16 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:36:25 |
| Autor | Luciano De Sio | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bin Ding | |
| Autor | Monica Focsan | |
| Autor | Karin Kogermann | |
| Autor | Paula Pascoal‐Faria | |
| Autor | Francesca Petronela | |
| Autor | Geoffrey Mitchell | |
| Autor | Eyal Zussman | |
| Autor | Filippo Pierini | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-07 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic has pointed out the urgent need to employ advanced and smart materials to realize innovative medical protective equipment. To this end, the next-generation face masks are conceived to be personalized, smart, and reusable. This great achievement can be accomplished thanks to light-responsive and fibrous nanomaterials' unique chemical and physical properties. This synergistic approach allows the realization of a new generation of face masks effective against pathogens upon light activation. For further information see the Concept article by F. Pierini et al. on page 6112. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 9:02:02 | |
| Publikace | Chemistry – A European Journal | |
| Krátký název | Frontispiece | |
| Ročník | 27 | |
| Číslo | 20 | |
| Práva | © 2021 Wiley‐VCH GmbH | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/chem.202182061 | |
| ISSN | 1521-3765 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/chem.202182061 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5KHERHY7 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 9:02:02 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:59:35 |
| Autor | Benjamin Valdez-Salas | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ernesto Beltran-Partida | |
| Autor | Nelson Cheng | |
| Autor | Jorge Salvador-Carlos | |
| Autor | Ernesto Alonso Valdez-Salas | |
| Autor | Mario Curiel-Alvarez | |
| Autor | Roberto Ibarra-Wiley | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-07 | |
| Abstrakt | Background The COVID-19 pandemic is requesting highly effective protective personnel equipment, mainly for healthcare professionals. However, the current demand has exceeded the supply chain and, consequently, shortage of essential medical materials, such as surgical masks. Due to these alarming limitations, it is crucial to develop effective means of disinfection, reusing, and thereby applying antimicrobial shielding protection to the clinical supplies. Purpose Therefore, in this work, we developed a novel, economical, and straightforward approach to promote antimicrobial activity to surgical masks by impregnating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods Our strategy consisted of fabricating a new alcohol disinfectant formulation combining special surfactants and AgNPs, which is demonstrated to be extensively effective against a broad number of microbial surrogates of SARS-CoV-2. Results The present nano-formula reported a superior microbial reduction of 99.999% against a wide number of microorganisms. Furthermore, the enveloped H5N1 virus was wholly inactivated after 15 min of disinfection. Far more attractive, the current method for reusing surgical masks did not show outcomes of detrimental amendments, suggesting that the protocol does not alter the filtration effectiveness. Conclusion The nano-disinfectant provides a valuable strategy for effective decontamination, reuse, and even antimicrobial promotion to surgical masks for frontline clinical personnel. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:39:05 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Nanomedicine | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Rozsah | 2689-2702 | |
| Extra | PMID: 33854315 PMCID: PMC8039202 | |
| ISSN | 1176-9114 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed Central | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int J Nanomedicine | |
| DOI | 10.2147/IJN.S301212 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IDYFFLQJ | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:38:31 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:40:31 |
| Autor | Junli Hao | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rachel Passos de Oliveira Santos | |
| Autor | Gregory C. Rutledge | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-06 | |
| Abstrakt | The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020 resulted in a spike in the demand for face masks and respirators. Due to their effectiveness at filtering aerosols that could potentially contain viruses, the N95-type filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) are frequently used by healthcare workers and first responders. However, due to a shortage of domestic N95 FFRs in the US at the beginning of the pandemic, internationally produced respirators were imported and deployed under an Emergency Use Authorization by the Food and Drug Administration. Due to concerns raised at the time, there was an urgent need to verify their effectiveness and usability. In this study, we summarize our characterization of the nanoparticulate filtration performances of 136 such respirators, measured between April 1 and June 30, 2020. Our results indicate that about 42% of the respirators showed filtration efficiencies better than 90% (≤10% penetration), but only 17% performed better than 95% (≤5% penetration). On the other hand, about 35% showed filtration efficiencies below 80% (≥20% penetration). A representative subset of devices was analyzed for the origin of such variations in filtration performance. We found that filtration efficiency increased with the level of electrostatic charge on the FFRs and that the poor performance of the internationally sourced FFRs could be traced to a lack of electrostatic filtration mechanisms. Furthermore, electrostatics shifted the particle size at which aerosol penetration through the FFR was maximal from around 200 nm to less than 100 nm for the highest-performing FFRs, a size range that largely goes undetected in standardized tests. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:26:50 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Nano Materials | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Nano Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsanm.1c00139 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WI29XMSX | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:26:50 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:36:52 |
| Autor | Laura Fierce | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alison Robey | |
| Autor | Cathrine Hamilton | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-06 | |
| Abstrakt | In the past two decades, novel viruses capable of airborne transmission have emerged with alarming frequency, including SARS-CoV-1 in 2003, H1N1 in 2009, MERS in 2012, and SAR-CoV-2 in 2019. Yet, in many countries, controls on airborne transmission were not widely adopted until the COVID-19 pandemic. To optimize strategies for curbing the transmission of existing airborne viruses and to prepare for outbreaks of novel viruses in the future, the efficacy of three key controls -- face masks, ventilation, and physical distancing -- must be well understood. In this study, we used the new Quadrature-based model of Respiratory Aerosol and Droplets (QuaRAD) to quantify the efficacy of controls across thousands of scenarios that represent the wide variability in factors governing airborne transmission. We show that, while the efficacy of any individual control was highly variable among scenarios, the combination of universal mask-wearing and distancing of at least 1~m reduced the median risk of initial infection in the susceptible person by 99\% relative to a close (0.5~m), unmasked conversation. Increasing ventilation rates by 4~air changes per hour led to further reductions in the median risk of infection by more than 70\% if the two people were distanced by 2~m or more. The combination of face masks, distancing, and increased ventilation reduced the risk of infection by more than 98\% in more than 95\% of scenarios. These findings suggest that layering controls is highly effective for reducing transmission of airborne pathogens and will be critical for curbing outbreaks of novel viruses in the future. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:28:13 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.02683 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2104.02683 [physics, q-bio] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2104.02683 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/S29JYYPD | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:28:13 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:19 |
| Autor | Ruhang Zhang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jianhua Liu | |
| Autor | Liang Zhang | |
| Autor | Jindi Lin | |
| Autor | Qingqing Wu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-05 | |
| Abstrakt | The medical surgical mask (MSM) has been the essential protective equipment in people's daily work. The experimental purpose is to explore the effects of wearing MSM on human thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and breathing comfort in office buildings in summer. A total of 30 healthy college students were recruited for the testing. The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber, which can simulate the office buildings in summer. The experiment collects the subjects’ skin temperature, microclimate in the mask, and subjective votes, including thermal sensory votes (TSV), thermal comfort votes (TCV), and respiratory comfort votes (BCV). Experimental results show that wearing MSM has no significant effect on the skin temperature of the human body. The microclimate temperature inside the MSM reaches over 34℃, and the relative humidity reaches over 70%. The high-temperature and high-humidity microclimate put human beings in an uneven thermal environment, which leads to poor human tolerance to the thermal environment and becomes the main reason for destroying human thermal comfort. Wearing MSM has a significant impact on the subjective thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and breathing comfort of the human body, and the impact becomes more significant as the environmental temperature increases. Once the mask is taken off, the human body will enter an extremely comfortable environment, resulting in an excessively high vote value. The difference in voting values before and after removing the mask becomes larger with the environmental temperature. By fitting the voting results and perform data processing, it can be found that wearing MSM will reduce the neutral temperature by 1.5°C, and the environmental temperature with the optimal thermal comfort by 1.4°C, and as the temperature increases, the respiratory discomfort will become more and more intense. Regardless of whether wearing a MSM, the subjects preferred a slight warmer environment. In conclusion, with the increase of ambient temperature, wearing MSM can cause the human worse tolerance to the thermal environment, and this disturbance will become more and more intense. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 9:01:16 | |
| Publikace | Indoor Air | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Práva | © 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ina.12830 | |
| ISSN | 1600-0668 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1111/ina.12830 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/29DP3BF5 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 9:01:16 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:59:50 |
| Autor | William G. Lindsley | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Francoise M. Blachere | |
| Autor | Brandon F. Law | |
| Autor | Donald H. Beezhold | |
| Autor | John D. Noti | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Face masks are recommended to reduce community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. One of the primary benefits of face masks and other coverings is as source control devices to reduce the expulsion of respiratory aerosols during coughing, breathing, and speaking. Face shields and neck gaiters have been proposed as an alternative to face masks, but information about face shields and neck gaiters as source control devices is limited. We used a cough aerosol simulator with a pliable skin headform to propel small aerosol particles (0 to 7 mu m) into different face coverings. An N95 respirator blocked 99% (standard deviation (SD) 0.3%) of the cough aerosol, a medical grade procedure mask blocked 59% (SD 6.9%), a 3-ply cotton cloth face mask blocked 51% (SD 7.7%), and a polyester neck gaiter blocked 47% (SD 7.5%) as a single layer and 60% (SD 7.2%) when folded into a double layer. In contrast, the face shield blocked 2% (SD 15.3%) of the cough aerosol. Our results suggest that face masks and neck gaiters are preferable to face shields as source control devices for cough aerosols. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:02:04 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 449-457 | |
| Extra | Place: Philadelphia Publisher: Taylor & Francis Inc WOS:000605681000001 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Sci. Technol. | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2020.1862409 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7J7KNS9R | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 14:44:53 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:23:40 |
| Autor | Steven N. Rogak | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Timothy A. Sipkens | |
| Autor | Mark Guan | |
| Autor | Hamed Nikookar | |
| Autor | Daniela Vargas Figueroa | |
| Autor | Jing Wang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-03 | |
| Abstrakt | During a pandemic in which aerosol and droplet transmission is possible, such as the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, the demand for face masks that meet medical or workplace standards can prevent most individuals from obtaining suitable protection. Cloth masks are widely believed to impede droplet and aerosol transmission, but most are constructed from materials with unknown filtration efficiency, airflow resistance and water resistance. Here we provide data on a range of common fabrics that might be used to construct masks, complimenting existing studies by largely considering particles in the micron range (a plausible challenge size for human generated aerosols). None of the materials were suitable for N95 masks, but many could provide useful filtration (>90%) of 3 micron particles, with low pressure drop. These were: nonwoven sterile wraps, dried baby wipes and some double-knit cotton materials. Decontamination of N95 masks using isopropyl alcohol produces the expected increase in particle penetration, but for 3 micron particles, filtration efficiency is still well above 95%. Tightly woven thin fabrics, despite having the visual appearance of a good particle barrier, had remarkably low filtration efficiency and high pressure drop. The better material structures expose individual fibers to the flow while the poor materials may have small fundamental fibers but these are in tightly bundled yarns. Despite the complexity of the design of a very good mask, it is clear that for the larger aerosol particles, any mask will provide substantial protection to the wearer and those around them. Copyright (c) 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:13:34 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 398-413 | |
| Extra | Place: Philadelphia Publisher: Taylor & Francis Inc WOS:000604016900001 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Sci. Technol. | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2020.1855321 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LZX658JV | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 8. 2020 14:29:43 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:23:27 |
Comment: 7 figures, Submitted to Aerosol Science & Technology
| Autor | Emily Medina Magues | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anna Stedman | |
| Autor | Paul Hope | |
| Autor | Jorge E. Osorio | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-02 | |
| Abstrakt | Fabric material was coated with Viruferrin™ and tested for its inactivating properties against the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A viruses. A statistically significant (p<0.0001) decrease in the number of infectious virus particles exposed to Viruferrin-treated fabric when compared with the cotton control for both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A viruses was observed. For both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A, Viruferrin-treated fabrics experienced a > 99% virus reduction without saliva after five minutes of contact when compared to the positive control at time point 0. Furthermore, the reusability of the Viruferrin treated fabric was demonstrated by stability for up to 10 washes. The level of anti-viral (SARS-CoV-2) activity remained constant from 5 to 10 washes and demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.0001) from the unwashed untreated material. Applications for this treated fabric are far-reaching, and as a biological face covering offers not only a unique 2-way protection but also is unlikely to cause onward touch transmission. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:05:24 | |
| Publikace | Preprints.org | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: Preprints | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.preprints.org | |
| DOI | 10.20944/preprints202104.0050.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TVFC6BEH | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:05:24 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:39:05 |
| Autor | Douglas J Perkins | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Robert A Nofchissey | |
| Autor | Chunyan Ye | |
| Autor | Nathan Donart | |
| Autor | Alison Kell | |
| Autor | Ivy Foo-Hurwitz | |
| Autor | Timothy Muller | |
| Autor | Steven B Bradfute | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The ongoing pandemic of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has placed a substantial strain on the supply of personal protective equipment, particularly the availability of N95 respirators for frontline healthcare personnel. These shortages have led to the creation of protocols to disinfect and reuse potentially contaminated personal protective equipment. A simple and inexpensive decontamination procedure that does not rely on the use of consumable supplies is dry heat incubation. Although reprocessing with this method has been shown to maintain the integrity of N95 respirators after multiple decontamination procedures, information on the ability of dry heat incubation to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 is largely unreported. Here, we show that dry heat incubation does not consistently inactivate SARS-CoV-2-contaminated N95 respirators, and that variation in experimental conditions can dramatically affect viability of the virus. Furthermore, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can survive on N95 respirators that remain at room temperature for at least five days. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that dry heat incubation procedures and ambient temperature for five days are not viable methods for inactivating SARS-CoV-2 on N95 respirators for potential reuse. We recommend that decontamination procedures being considered for the reuse of N95 respirators be validated at each individual site and that validation of the process must be thoroughly conducted using a defined protocol. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 14:27:47 | |
| Publikace | Experimental Biology and Medicine | |
| Krátký název | COVID-19 global pandemic planning | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 246 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 952-959 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications | |
| ISSN | 1535-3702 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Exp Biol Med (Maywood) | |
| DOI | 10.1177/1535370220977819 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FFCID9DD | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 9:41:13 | |
| Upraveno | 9. 7. 2021 12:15:51 |
| Autor | Mingrui Liao | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Huayang Liu | |
| Autor | Xi Wang | |
| Autor | Xuzhi Hu | |
| Autor | Yuhao Huang | |
| Autor | Xuqing Liu | |
| Autor | Keith Brenan | |
| Autor | Jared Mecha | |
| Autor | Mahesan Nirmalan | |
| Autor | Jian Ren Lu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have recommended their citizens to adopt social distance, hand hygiene, and face mask wearing. However, wearing face masks has not been well adopted by many citizens. While the reasons are complex, there is a general perception that the evidence to support face mask wearing is lacking, especially for the general public in a community setting. Face mask wearing can block or filter airborne virus-carrying particles through the working of colloid and interface science. This paper assesses current knowledge behind the design and functioning of face masks by reviewing the selection of materials, mask specifications, relevant laboratory tests, and respiratory virus transmission trials, with an overview of future development of reusable masks for the general public. This review highlights the effectiveness of face mask wearing in the prevention of COVID-19 infection. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:23:35 | |
| Publikace | Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 52 | |
| Rozsah | 101417 | |
| ISSN | 1359-0294 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101417 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/SDTQ5NSI | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:47:18 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:48:52 |
| Autor | Joshua F. Robinson | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ioatzin Rios de Anda | |
| Autor | Fergus J. Moore | |
| Autor | Jonathan P. Reid | |
| Autor | Richard P. Sear | |
| Autor | C. Patrick Royall | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-01 | |
| Abstrakt | In the COVID-19 pandemic, among the more controversial issues is the use of masks and face coverings. Much of the concern boils down to the question—just how effective are face coverings? One means to address this question is to review our understanding of the physical mechanisms by which masks and coverings operate—steric interception, inertial impaction, diffusion, and electrostatic capture. We enquire as to what extent these can be used to predict the efficacy of coverings. We combine the predictions of the models of these mechanisms which exist in the filtration literature and compare the predictions with recent experiments and lattice Boltzmann simulations, and find reasonable agreement with the former and good agreement with the latter. Building on these results, we explore the parameter space for woven cotton fabrics to show that three-layered cloth masks can be constructed with comparable filtration performance to surgical masks under ideal conditions. Reusable cloth masks thus present an environmentally friendly alternative to surgical masks so long as the face seal is adequate enough to minimize leakage. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:32:58 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Krátký název | Efficacy of face coverings in reducing transmission of COVID-19 | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 33 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 043112 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Phys. Fluids | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0047622 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/I6NIHMXJ | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:02:22 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:54:54 |
Comment: 26 pages (13 + references, 10 pages supplementary), 10 figures (8 in main text, 2 in SI); accepted version, to appear in Physics of Fluids' special issue "Flow and the Virus"
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright - © 2021. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-15
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-15
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-02-14
| Autor | Phillip W. Clapp | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Emily E. Sickbert-Bennett | |
| Autor | James M. Samet | |
| Autor | Jon Berntsen | |
| Autor | Kirby L. Zeman | |
| Autor | Deverick J. Anderson | |
| Autor | David J. Weber | |
| Autor | William D. Bennett | |
| Autor | US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-01 | |
| Abstrakt | During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the general public has been advised to wear masks or improvised face coverings to limit transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there has been considerable confusion and disagreement regarding the degree to which masks protect the wearer from airborne particles.To evaluate the fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of various consumer-grade and improvised face masks, as well as several popular modifications of medical procedure masks that are intended to improve mask fit or comfort.For this study conducted in a research laboratory between June and August 2020, 7 consumer-grade masks and 5 medical procedure mask modifications were fitted on an adult male volunteer, and FFE measurements were collected during a series of repeated movements of the torso, head, and facial muscles as outlined by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration Quantitative Fit Testing Protocol. The consumer-grade masks tested included (1) a 2-layer nylon mask with ear loops that was tested with an optional aluminum nose bridge and filter insert in place, (2) a cotton bandana folded diagonally once (ie, “bandit” style) or in a (3) multilayer rectangle according to the instructions presented by the US Surgeon General, (4) a single-layer polyester/nylon mask with ties, (5) a polypropylene mask with fixed ear loops, (6) a single-layer polyester gaiter/neck cover balaclava bandana, and (7) a 3-layer cotton mask with ear loops. Medical procedure mask modifications included (1) tying the mask’s ear loops and tucking in the side pleats, (2) fastening ear loops behind the head with 3-dimensional–printed ear guards, (3) fastening ear loops behind the head with a claw-type hair clip, (4) enhancing the mask/face seal with rubber bands over the mask, and (5) enhancing the mask/face seal with a band of nylon hosiery over the fitted mask.The primary study outcome was the measured FFE of common consumer-grade and improvised face masks, as well as several popular modifications of medical procedure masks.The mean (SD) FFE of consumer grade masks tested on 1 adult male with no beard ranged from 79.0% (4.3%) to 26.5% (10.5%), with the 2-layer nylon mask having the highest FFE. Unmodified medical procedure masks with ear loops had a mean (SD) FFE of 38.5% (11.2%). All modifications evaluated in this study increased procedure mask FFE (range [SD], 60.3% [11.1%] to 80.2% [3.1%]), with a nylon hosiery sleeve placed over the procedure mask producing the greatest improvement.While modifications to improve medical procedure mask fit can enhance the filtering capability and reduce inhalation of airborne particles, this study demonstrates that the FFEs of consumer-grade masks available to the public are, in many cases, nearly equivalent to or better than their non-N95 respirator medical mask counterparts. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 13:11:02 | |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8168 | |
| Publikace | JAMA Internal Medicine | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 181 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 463-469 | |
| ISSN | 2168-6106 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | JAMA Internal Medicine | |
| DOI | 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8168 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZP5QI6AF | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 15:16:43 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:57:04 |
| Autor | Maria Pardo-Figuerez | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alberto Chiva-Flor | |
| Autor | Kelly Figueroa-Lopez | |
| Autor | Cristina Prieto | |
| Autor | Jose M. Lagaron | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Electrospinning has been used to develop and upscale polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers as effective aerosol filtration materials for their potential use in respirators. The fibers were deposited onto non-woven spunbond polypropylene (SPP) and the basis weight (grammage, g/m2) was varied to assess the resulting effect on filtration efficiency and breathing resistance of the materials. The results indicated that a basis weight in excess of 0.4 g/m2 of PAN electrospun fibers yielded a filtration efficiency over 97%, with breathing resistance values that increased proportionally with the amount of basis weight added. With the aim of retaining filter efficiency whilst lowering breathing resistance, the basis weight of 0.4 g/m2 and 0.8 g/m2 of PAN electrospun fibers were strategically split up and stacked with SPP in different configurations. The results suggested that a symmetric structure based on SPP/PAN/PAN/SPP was the optimal structure, as it reduces SPP consumption while maintaining an FFP2-type of filtration efficiency, while reducing breathing resistance, specially at high air flow rates, such as those mimicking FFP2 exhalation conditions. The incorporation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles within the electrospun nanofibers in the form of nanocomposites, retained the high filtration characteristics of the unfilled filter, while exhibiting a strong bactericidal capacity, even after short contact times. This study demonstrates the potential of using the symmetric splitting of the PAN nanofibers layer as a somewhat more efficient configuration in the design of filters for respirators. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:32:10 | |
| Publikace | Nanomaterials | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 900 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 4 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/nano11040900 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/SAF9IG4I | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:32:10 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:39:44 |
| Autor | Wafa K. Essa | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Suhad A. Yasin | |
| Autor | Ibtisam A. Saeed | |
| Autor | Gomaa A. M. Ali | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Wearing face masks, use of respirators, social distancing, and practicing personal hygiene are all measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This pandemic has revealed the deficiency of face masks and respirators across the world. Therefore, significant efforts are needed to develop air filtration and purification technologies, as well as innovative, alternative antibacterial and antiviral treatment methods. It has become urgent—in order for humankind to have a sustainable future—to provide a feasible solution to air pollution, particularly to capture fine inhalable particulate matter in the air. In this review, we present, concisely, the air pollutants and adverse health effects correlated with long- and short-term exposure to humans; we provide information about certified face masks and respirators, their compositions, filtration mechanisms, and the variations between surgical masks and N95 respirators, in order to alleviate confusion and misinformation. Then, we summarize the electrospun nanofiber-based filters and their unique properties to improve the filtration efficiency of face masks and respirators. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:34:41 | |
| Publikace | Membranes | |
| Krátký název | Nanofiber-Based Face Masks and Respirators as COVID-19 Protection | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 250 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 4 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/membranes11040250 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VT43ZLI2 | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:34:41 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:40:21 |
| Autor | Sajjad Pashaie | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mücahit Fişne | |
| Autor | Romina Habibpour | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04 | |
| Abstrakt | OBJECTIVE: These days, due to the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and influenza, as well as the increase in air pollutants, the use of a face mask has become a necessity. METHODOLOGY: The technical field of invention is in the field of medical-health engineering. The present mask consists of 3 layers: from outside to inside, including Nano silk fabric, movable filter for peppermint essential oil (PEO) and silk cotton fabric, it makes COVID-19 disappear. RESULTS: The use of a replaceable filter in the construction of the mask makes it washable and replaceable if contaminated, while re-washing existing masks to reuse them is incorrect; Because of the opening of the fibers in the mask and also changes in the physical and chemical structure, the mask loses its effectiveness and will have severe viral or microbial contamination. The use of a PEO filter in the construction of the mask has an effective role in treating pneumonia, strengthening the immune system and disinfecting. Also, the layers of the mask are new compared to the existing masks, especially in the adhesive part of the layers and its connections, and their impermeability to the virus is innovative and inventive. CONCLUSION: By using this product, it is possible to take a big step in preventing COVID-19 and also to help move the economic wheels of the country. By implementing this plan, we can find a criterion for a suitable mask that for the first time the quality of the fabric mask is important in terms of filter interchangeability, wash ability, leakage and its filtering efficiency in the country. | |
| URL | https://www.lumhs.edu.pk/jlumhs/Online-First/April2921.pdf | |
| Publikace | Journal of the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 20 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 88-95 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Zotero | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZRWA8244 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 12:25:12 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:10:23 |
| Autor | Valentina Palmieri | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Flavio De Maio | |
| Autor | Marco De Spirito | |
| Autor | Massimiliano Papi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. While researchers are working on vaccine development and elucidating the mechanism of action and evolution of the harmful SARS-CoV-2, the current most important public health measure, second only to social distancing, is the obligatory wearing of facial protection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended in April 2020 that the public wear face coverings in areas with high rates of transmission based on epidemiological evidence on the strong relationship between mask wearing and pandemic control. This protection against SARS-CoV-2 and other airborne pathogens, boost the design and production of innovative solutions by industry stakeholders. Nanoparticles, nanofibers, and other pioneering technologies based on nanomaterials have been introduced in mask production chains to improve performance and confer antiviral properties. During an emergency like COVID-19, these products directly available to the public should be carefully analyzed in terms of efficacy and possible long-term effects on the wearers' skin and lungs as well as on the environment. This opinion paper provides a wealth of information on the role of nanotechnologies in improving the performance of facial masks and on possible future consequences caused by a poorly regulated use of nanotechnology in textiles. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:55:26 | |
| Publikace | Nano Today | |
| Krátký název | Face masks and nanotechnology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 37 | |
| Rozsah | 101077 | |
| Extra | Place: Oxford Publisher: Elsevier Sci Ltd WOS:000637809700015 | |
| ISSN | 1748-0132 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Nano Today | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101077 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PXCQFV28 | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 13:48:59 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:24:56 |
| Autor | Jiri Militky | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ondrej Novak | |
| Autor | Dana Kremenakova | |
| Autor | Jakub Wiener | |
| Autor | Mohanapriya Venkataraman | |
| Autor | Guocheng Zhu | |
| Autor | Juming Yao | |
| Autor | Arun Aneja | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19, classified as SARS-CoV-2, is causing an ongoing global pandemic. The pandemic has resulted in the loss of lives and has caused economic hardships. Most of the devices used to protect against the transmission of the novel COVID-19 disease are related to textile structures. Hence, the challenge for textile professionals is to design and develop suitable textile structures with multiple functionalities for capturing viruses, passivating them, and, at the same time, having no adverse effects on humans during the complete period of use. In addition to manufacturing efficient, biocompatible, and cost-effective protective face masks, it is also necessary to inform the public about the benefits and risks of protective face mask materials. The purpose of this article is to address the concerns of efficiency and efficacy of face masks by primarily reviewing the literature of research conducted at the Technical University of Liberec. The main focus is on the presentation of problems related to the specification of aims of face mask applications, mechanisms of capture, durability, and modes of sterilization. The recommendations, instead of conclusions, are addressed to the whole textile society because they should be leading players in the design, creation, and proper treatment of face masks due to their familiarity with the complex behavior of textile structures and targeted changes of structural hierarchy starting from polymeric chains (nano-level) and ending in planar textile structures (millimeter level) due to action by mechanical, physical and chemical fields. This becomes extremely critical to saving hundreds of thousands of lives from COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:58:16 | |
| Publikace | Materials | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 1937 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000644552500001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ma14081937 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/B5EJ24TZ | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:58:17 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:25:14 |
| Autor | Charles Freeman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Reuben Burch | |
| Autor | Lesley Strawderman | |
| Autor | Catherine Black | |
| Autor | David Saucier | |
| Autor | Jaime Rickert | |
| Autor | John Wilson | |
| Autor | Sarah Ashley Bealor | |
| Autor | Madison Ratledge | |
| Autor | Sydney Fava | |
| Autor | Brian Smith | |
| Autor | Charlie Waggoner | |
| Autor | Courtney Taylor | |
| Autor | Abigail Nichols | |
| Autor | Gregory Skaggs | |
| Autor | Thomas Callans | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Research surrounding the mandated use of non-medical fabric masks is inconsistent and often confusing when compared to the standard N95. A recently published standard from ASTM International and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention attempts to normalize evaluation procedures. The purpose of this study is to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the new methods for testing filtration efficiency of masks outlined by ASTM International F3502, where results can be directly compared to standards outlined for non-medical fabric masks. Eleven consumer non-medical fabric masks were tested for filtration efficiency and airflow resistance using a face filtration mount in accordance with the newly released ASTM International standard for facial barriers. The mean FE% (SD) ranged from 0.46% (0.44) to 11.80% (2.76) with the 3-layer athletic mesh having the highest performance and the highest deviations. All the masks tested following the procedure failed to meet to minimum FE of 20%; however all masks performed below the minimum upper limits for airflow resistance. Using a non-medical fabric masks as the sole mitigation strategy may not be as effective, as previously reported. With efforts to standardize and regulate the non-medical fabric mask market, this study demonstrates a variety of currently available consumer mask products do not meet the minimum standards nor are these remotely close to the standards of surgical or N95 masks. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:06:23 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 18 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 4124 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000644166200001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph18084124 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/H7BPNLTE | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:06:23 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:07:01 |
| Autor | David I. A. Dhanraj | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shruti Choudhary | |
| Autor | Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka | |
| Autor | David H. Ballard | |
| Autor | Benjamin M. Kumfer | |
| Autor | Audrey J. Dang | |
| Autor | Brent J. Williams | |
| Autor | Kathleen W. Meacham | |
| Autor | Richard L. Axelbaum | |
| Autor | Pratim Biswas | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04 | |
| Abstrakt | The use of facemasks is proven to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus and other biological agents that cause disease. Various forms of facemasks, made using different materials, are being used extensively, and it is important to determine their performance characteristics. The size-dependent filtration efficiency and breathing resistance of household sterilization wrap fabrics, and isolation media (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)- and non-ASTM-rated), were measured in filter-holder- and mannequin-in-chamber-based systems, focusing on particles sizes between 20 nm and 2 mu m. Double-layer MERV-14 (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Values with rating 14) showed the highest filtration efficiency (94.9-73.3%) amongst household filter media, whereas ASTM-rated isolation masks showed the highest filtration efficiencies (95.6-88.7) amongst all the masks considered. Filtration efficiency of 3D-printed masks with replaceable filter media was found to depend on the degree of sealing around the media holder, which depended on the material's compressibility. Filtration efficiencies of triple-layer combinations (95.8-85.3%) follow a profile similar to single layers but with improved filtration efficiencies. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:14:19 | |
| Publikace | Materials | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 1868 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000644531200001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ma14081868 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LY6DQUQ2 | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:14:21 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:45:32 |
| Autor | Wen-Chi Lu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ching-Yi Chen | |
| Autor | Chia-Jung Cho | |
| Autor | Manikandan Venkatesan | |
| Autor | Wei-Hung Chiang | |
| Autor | Yang-Yen Yu | |
| Autor | Chen-Hung Lee | |
| Autor | Rong-Ho Lee | |
| Autor | Syang-Peng Rwei | |
| Autor | Chi-Ching Kuo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Human safety, health management, and disease transmission prevention have become crucial tasks in the present COVID-19 pandemic situation. Masks are widely available and create a safer and disease transmission-free environment. This study presents a facile method of fabricating masks through electrospinning nontoxic polyvinyl butyral (PVB) polymeric matrix with the antibacterial component Thymol, a natural phenol monoterpene. Based on the results of Japanese Industrial Standards and American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists methods, the maximum antibacterial value of the mask against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was 5.6 and 6.4, respectively. Moreover, vertical electrospinning was performed to prepare Thymol/PVB nanofiber masks, and the effects of parameters on the submicron particulate filtration efficiency (PFE), differential pressure, and bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) were determined. Thorough optimization of the small-diameter nanofiber-based antibacterial mask led to denser accumulation and improved PFE and pressure difference; the mask was thus noted to meet the present pandemic requirements. The as-developed nanofibrous masks have the antibacterial activity suggested by the National Standard of the Republic of China (CNS 14774) for general medical masks. Their BFE reaches 99.4%, with a pressure difference of <5 mmH(2)O/cm(2). The mask can safeguard human health and promote a healthy environment. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:16:55 | |
| Publikace | Polymers | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 1122 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000638780000001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Polymers | |
| DOI | 10.3390/polym13071122 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QRF2CHVY | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 9:09:27 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:25:33 |
| Autor | Ilpo Kulmala | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kimmo Heinonen | |
| Autor | Satu Salo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-31 | |
| Abstrakt | ABSTRACT A simple unipolar positive corona charger was constructed and tested with five different medical face mask materials. Charging of particles significantly increased the filtration efficiency of each of the tested face mask against submicron particles. On the average, the increase in the efficiency was from 58% to 93% for 0.3 µm size particles. This improvement was achieved with practically insignificant increase in the pressure drop showing that there are possibilities to fully exploit the potential of electret materials. However, the corona discharge generates ozone which is an issue that needs to be taken into consideration. The results are important when developing efficient protective solutions against airborne threats. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:33:45 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Rozsah | 210043-210043 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research | |
| ISSN | 2071-1409 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aaqr.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.210043 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/R8CKGN6Y | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:33:45 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:40:35 |
| Autor | Ruiyu Chen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Deyuan Zhang | |
| Autor | Xiaokang Xu | |
| Autor | Yougen Yuan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Owing to the effects of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), numerous waste medical surgical mask ropes are generated. Pyrolysis is regarded as a promising method to dispose solid waste for energy and/or chemical feedstocks without pollution to the environment. In the present study, the pyrolysis characteristics, kinetics, thermodynamics and volatile products of waste medical surgical mask rope in inert atmosphere are studied and compared with those of typical polymers. The results indicate that the thermal degradation process of waste medical surgical mask rope may be divided into two stages with the threshold of α = 0.05. Stage 1 (0 ≤ α ≤ 0.05) and stage 2 (0.05 < α ≤ 1) are mainly resulted by the decomposition of spandex and nylon, respectively. Stage 2 may be nominally considered as a single-step reaction. The average activation energy, average pre-exponential factor and reaction model for stage 2 are 271.33 kJ/mol, 1.68 × 1019 min−1 and g(α)=(1-α)-1-1, respectively. These kinetic parameters can be used to well predict the thermal degradation behaviors in stage 2. Besides, the average activation energy of waste medical surgical mask rope under the present study is larger than that of nylon and spandex. In addition, the thermodynamic analysis indicates that the thermal degradation of waste medical surgical mask rope in inert atmosphere is favorable. The pyrolytic products mainly contain inorganic substances (ammonia, water, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide), alkanes, alkynes, alkenes, aldehydes, amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids, ketones, aromatic compounds, nitriles, amide and its derivatives. The possible chemical reactions occurring in the thermal degradation process are suggested. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 14:51:27 | |
| Publikace | Fuel | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 295 | |
| Rozsah | 120632 | |
| ISSN | 0016-2361 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Fuel | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120632 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YGQYMDII | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 14:51:27 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:34:17 |
| Autor | Abdollah Dargahi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Farhad Jeddi | |
| Autor | Hassan Ghobadi | |
| Autor | Mehdi Vosoughi | |
| Autor | Chiman Karami | |
| Autor | Mehdi Sarailoo | |
| Autor | Aidin Hadisi | |
| Autor | S. Ahamad Mokhtari | |
| Autor | Somayeh Biparva Haghighi | |
| Autor | Hadi Sadeghi | |
| Autor | Morteza Alighadri | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-26 | |
| Abstrakt | One of the simplest and most effective individual measures is to wear a mask to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets from carriers to healthy people and patients admitted to corona wards and their staff. This research aimed to investigate the contamination of internal and external surfaces of various masks used by patients and staff with SARS coronavirus, as well as the possibility of airborne transmission in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil. For this purpose, twenty-five staff members and ten patients participated voluntarily in this cross-sectional study. Sampling was performed using swaps on both sides (inside and outside) of various surgical masks, N-95, and filtering face piece FFP2 through standard methods in compliance with the relevant conditions and from a surface of at least 5 cm2. Next, the collected samples were immediately transferred to a laboratory and analyzed by real-time PCR method to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus after viral genome extraction. Based on the obtained results, from a total of 30 collected samples (25 of personnel masks plus 5 samples of hospitalized patients’ masks). A total of 60 masks were sampled. For every collected sample, the researchers studied both inside and outside of the mask. Upon analyzing the data, it was showed that 6 mask samples were positive for the presence of coronavirus. Nonetheless, all samples taken from both inside and outside of the personnel masks (N-95 and FFP2 types of masks) were negative. Among the 6 positive samples, four cases were related to the internal part, one case to the outer part of the three-layer surgical masks, and one to the outer part of the N-95 masks in hospitalized patients. As masks reduce the concentration of virus particles, they can play an important role in creating immunity. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 14:51:27 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 196 | |
| Rozsah | 110948 | |
| ISSN | 0013-9351 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environmental Research | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110948 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/V8JKIC34 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 14:51:27 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:34:44 |
| Autor | Zezhou Lin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Zheng Wang | |
| Autor | Xi Zhang | |
| Autor | Dongfeng Diao | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-26 | |
| Abstrakt | The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than 200 countries. Wearing masks can effectively cut off the virus spreading route since the coronavirus is mainly spreading by respiratory droplets. However, the common surgical masks cannot be reused, resulting in the increasing economic and resource consumption around the world. Herein, we report a superhydrophobic, photo-sterilize, and reusable mask based on graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) film, with high-density edges of standing structured graphene nanosheets. The GNEC mask exhibits an excellent hydrophobic ability (water contact angle: 157.9°) and an outstanding filtration efficiency with 100% bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE). In addition, the GNEC mask shows the prominent photo-sterilize performance, heating up to 110 °C quickly under the solar illumination. These high performances may facilitate the combat against the COVID-19 outbreaks, while the reusable masks help reducing the economic and resource consumption. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 14:54:08 | |
| Publikace | Nano Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 1110-1115 | |
| ISSN | 1998-0000 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Nano Res. | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12274-020-3158-1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5IR5WPCJ | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 14:54:08 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:58:36 |
| Autor | Bernardí Bayarri | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alberto Cruz-Alcalde | |
| Autor | Núria López-Vinent | |
| Autor | María M. Micó | |
| Autor | Carme Sans | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has challenged societies around the globe. Technologies based on ozone, a powerful oxidant, have been evaluated to inactivate this virus in aerosols and fomites. However, the high data diversity hinders the possibility of establishing a common ground for determining best practices for the use of these technologies. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus regarding which are the main mechanisms of ozone virus inactivation. This critical review examined the most relevant information available regarding ozone application in gas-phase for different viruses inactivation (including recent publications dealing with SARS-CoV-2), and pointed towards envelope alteration as the main reaction pathway for enveloped viruses, such as is the case of SARS-CoV-2. It could also be concluded that gaseous ozone can be indeed an effective disinfectant, successfully inactivating viruses such us influenza A H1N1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 or even SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols or fomites. In reviewed works, low ozone exposures, just around 0.1–0.4 mg L-1 min, achieve about 4 log10 of inactivation in aerosols, while exposures between 1 and 4 mg L-1 min may be needed to guarantee an inactivation of 3–4 log10 in different fomites. Although further studies are required, ozone is an effective candidate to be used against SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses in surfaces and indoor locations. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 15:32:58 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Hazardous Materials | |
| Krátký název | Can ozone inactivate SARS-CoV-2? | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 415 | |
| Rozsah | 125658 | |
| ISSN | 0304-3894 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Hazardous Materials | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125658 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/66JX2QT9 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:32:58 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:30:56 |
| Autor | Andrei Cristian Ionescu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Eugenio Brambilla | |
| Autor | Lamberto Manzoli | |
| Autor | Giovanna Orsini | |
| Autor | Valentina Gentili | |
| Autor | Roberta Rizzo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Background This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) and high-volume evacuation (HVE) against human coronavirus (HCoV) 229E spreading by a standard dental procedure. Methods Phantoms for both patient and operator were used to recreate a dental setting inside a custom-built class III cabinet-like chamber. The patient’s phantom mouth was inoculated with an HCoV-229E suspension having viral load similar to SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic subjects. The dental procedure was performed using an air-turbine and HVE for 10 seconds. The efficacy of surgical masks, FFP2/N95 and FFP3 respirators, and face shields was tested using quantitative real-time PCR. Results The wide surface on which the inoculum was spread caused low contamination. Over the masks and respirators’ external surfaces when a face shield was not worn, viral loads ranged 1.2 to 1.4 log10 mean gene copies/cm2. When the shield was on, viral loads dropped below detection limit (<0.317 log10 gene copies/cm2) for all PPEs. On the operator’s forehead, viral loads were 0.6 to 0.8 log10 gene copies/cm2. Inside the operator’s mouth, viral loads were under the detection limit using any PPE, with or without the shield. HVE did not significantly change viral loads. Conclusions All PPE combinations significantly reduced viral loads in the operator’s mouth below the detection limit, but HVE did not decrease viral contamination. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:40:01 | |
| Publikace | The Journal of the American Dental Association | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0002-8177 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | The Journal of the American Dental Association | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.03.007 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VEIMC3U3 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 15:40:01 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:41:03 |
| Autor | Christopher D. Zangmeister | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | James G. Radney | |
| Autor | Matthew E. Staymates | |
| Autor | Edward P. Vicenzi | |
| Autor | Jamie L. Weaver | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Under high humidity conditions that mimic respiration, the filtration efficiency (FE) of hydrophilic fabrics increases when challenged with hygroscopic nanoparticles, for example, respiratory droplets containing SARS-CoV-2. The FE and differential pressure (.P) of natural, synthetic, and blended fabrics were measured as a function of relative humidity (RH) for particles with mobility diameters between 50 and 825 nm. Fabrics were equilibrated at 99% RH, mimicking conditions experienced when worn as a face mask. The FE increased after equilibration at 99% RH by a relative percentage of 33 +/- 12% for fabrics composed of two layers of 100% cotton when challenged by 303 nm-mobility-diameter NaCl aerosol. The FE for samples of synthetics and polyester/cotton blends was unchanged upon equilibration at 99% RH. Increases in FE for 100% cotton fabrics were a function of particle size with a relative increase of 63% at the largest measured particle size (825 nm). The experimental results are consistent with increased particle capture due to H2O uptake and growth as the particles traverse the fabric. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:54:26 | |
| Publikace | Acs Applied Nano Materials | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 4 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 2694-2701 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000635462900043 | |
| ISSN | 2574-0970 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Nano Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsanm.0c03319 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4K8YSGD7 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:22:04 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:00:54 |
| Autor | Samy Rengasamy | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Deborah Sparra | |
| Autor | Matthew Horvatin | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-24 | |
| Abstrakt | Shortages of surgical N95 respirators (surgical N95 FFRs) can occur during a pandemic. To understand if industrial N95 FFRs have FDA required fluid penetration resistance and flammability, five NIOSH approved N95 models were evaluated using the ASTM F1862 method and flammability using the 16 CFR 1610 method, respectively. Three models passed both fluid penetration resistance and flammability indicating that some N95 models on the market can be used as surgical N95 FFRs during a pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 14:51:27 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| Krátký název | Do industrial N95 respirators meet the requirements to be used in healthcare? | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0196-6553 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.03.014 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2IL5B24Q | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 14:51:27 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:51:15 |
| Autor | Praveen Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shounak Roy | |
| Autor | Ankita Sarkar | |
| Autor | Amit Jaiswal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-24 | |
| Abstrakt | The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has seen a widespread use of personal protective equipment, especially face masks. This has created the need to develop better and reusable protective masks with built-in antimicrobial, self-cleaning, and aerosol filtration properties to prevent the transmission of air-borne pathogens such as the coronaviruses. Herein, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets are used to prepare modified polycotton fabrics having excellent antibacterial activity and photothermal properties. Upon sunlight irradiation, the nanosheet-modified fabrics rapidly increased the surface temperature to similar to 77 degrees C, making them ideal for sunlight-mediated self-disinfection. Complete self-disinfection of the nanosheet-modified fabric was achieved within 3 min of irradiation, making the fabrics favorably reusable upon self-disinfection. The nanosheet-modified fabrics maintained the antibacterial efficiency even after 60 washing cycles. Furthermore, the particle filtration efficiency of three-layered surgical masks was found to be significantly improved through incorporation of the MoS2-modified fabric as an additional layer of protective clothing, without compromising the breathability of the masks. The repurposed surgical masks could filter out around 97% of 200 nm particles and 96% of 100 nm particles, thus making them potentially useful for preventing the spread of coronaviruses (120 nm) by trapping them along with antibacterial protection against other airborne pathogens. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:59:31 | |
| Publikace | Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 12912-12927 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000634759500029 | |
| ISSN | 1944-8244 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsami.1c00083 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VXWA52YC | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:22:15 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:44:43 |
| Autor | Saminan Saminan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Linda Julisafrida | |
| Autor | Sakdiah Sakdiah | |
| Autor | Ratna Idayati | |
| Autor | Nurul Fajri | |
| Autor | Muhammad Iqhrammullah | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-24 | |
| Abstrakt | Use of face masks and respirators are significant in preventing the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) via respiratory droplets or aerosols. The development of face masks and respirators have beenfocused on the modification using nanoparticles (NPs) to obtain biocidal activities. The incorporation ofNPs can also increase the hydrophobicity of the material that assists the repelling of virus carrying dropletsor aerosols. Nevertheless, the common cost of gaining those benefits is breathability. Previous studies havereported on the discomforts of wearing a face mask or respirator, one of which is stems from breathingdifficulty. At the time of pandemic, maintaining the comfort wearing of face masks or respirators is evenmore crucial. Thus, this review article is important to keep the breathability aspect gaining a spotlight inthe development of NPs-modified face masks or respirators. Herein, we discuss the relationship betweenthe addition of NPs with breathability of the material. In the beginning of discussion, types of protectiverespiratory equipments, and biocidal activities of the modified fabrics are discussed. Strategies in maintainingthe air permeability for long duration use and self-cleansing feature are also discussed. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 12:50:59 | |
| Publikace | Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology | |
| Krátký název | Nanoparticles-Based Face Masks and Respirators for Preventing COVID-19 Transmission | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 15 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 4107-4116 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2021 | |
| Extra | Number: 2 | |
| ISSN | 0973-9130 | |
| Katalog knihovny | medicopublication.com | |
| DOI | 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15018 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WFWJ474Z | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:50:59 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:37:12 |
| Autor | Imran Maqbool | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Faisal Rehman | |
| Autor | Faheeda Soomro | |
| Autor | Zubeda Bhatti | |
| Autor | Umeed Ali | |
| Autor | Ashique Hussain Jatoi | |
| Autor | Bhajan Lal | |
| Autor | Muzaffar Iqbal | |
| Autor | Shahnawaz Phulpoto | |
| Autor | Akbar Ali | |
| Autor | Khalid Hussain Thebo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-23 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is considered as serious global threat of this time and greatest challenge for recent days. Several approaches have been carried out in this direction to fight against COVID-19. Among these, nanotechnology is one of the promising approach to face these challenges in the current situation. Recently, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored for COVID-19 due to its unique physicochemical properties. This mini review provides a recent progress in graphene-based nanomaterials and its applications for diagnosis, detection, decontamination, and protection against COVID-19. Further, main challenges and perspective for fundamental design and development of technologies based on graphene-based materials are discussed and suitable directions to improve these technologies are suggested. This article will provide timely knowledge and future direction about this wonder materials in various biological applications. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 15:04:48 | |
| Publikace | ChemBioEng Reviews | |
| Krátký název | Graphene-based Materials for Fighting Coronavirus Disease 2019 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Práva | © 2021 Wiley‐VCH GmbH | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cben.202000039 | |
| ISSN | 2196-9744 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | CBEN | |
| DOI | 10.1002/cben.202000039 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N4MVMPIU | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:04:48 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:38:56 |
| Autor | Rita Rubin | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-23 | |
| Abstrakt | It’s not just the mask, it’s the humidity created inside the mask that helps protect against severe COVID-19, a recent study by National Institutes of Health (NIH) researchers suggests.The use of cloth masks has been linked with decreased disease severity, which is surprising considering such masks aren’t good at filtering out the smallest aerosol particles that can reach the lower respiratory tract, the researchers wrote. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:07:21 | |
| Publikace | JAMA | |
| Ročník | 325 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 1134-1134 | |
| ISSN | 0098-7484 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | JAMA | |
| DOI | 10.1001/jama.2021.2955 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IBDRCS3Z | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:07:21 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:41:24 |
| Autor | Karin Ardon-Dryer | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Juliusz Warzywoda | |
| Autor | Rumeysa Tekin | |
| Autor | Jnev Biros | |
| Autor | Sharilyn Almodovar | |
| Autor | Brandon L. Weeks | |
| Autor | Louisa J. Hope-Weeks | |
| Autor | Albert Jr Sacco | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-18 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic triggered the widespread use and need for respirators and face masks for the healthcare workers and public. In this study, several generally available respirators and mask designs were fit tested, and their materials were evaluated for filtration efficiency using 250 nm polystyrene latex particles. Efficiency testing was performed for 2 and 0.5 h at low (2.6 L min-1) and high (7.4 L min-1) airflows, respectively, using ~17.4 cm2 material area. As expected, all N95 and KN95 respirators passed the fit test, and their materials showed efficiencies >95% for the entire experiment at both airflows. Of the three air filters used in the 3D-printed Montana masks, only the HEPA filter had a filtration efficiency >95% at both airflows. Regardless of the insert material, the Montana mask failed all fit tests. Homemade duckbill masks made of Halyard H600 sterilization wrap and WypAll X80 reusable wipe also failed the fit test, and both filter materials had an average filtration efficiency <95% at high airflows. To explain the filtration efficiency results, the structure and composition of all filter materials were determined using FE-SEM, and IR and Raman spectroscopy. In conclusion, when highly efficient materials are used in masks that do not fit the users properly, the potential of these materials to protect the users from aerosols is compromised. Therefore, the mask design is as important as the filtration efficiency of the mask material. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 13:05:28 | |
| URL | https://aaqr.org/articles/aaqr-20-09-covid-0571 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Krátký název | Mask Material Filtration Efficiency and Mask Fitting at the Crossroads | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 200571 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research | |
| ISSN | 2071-1409 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aaqr.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.200571 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6RTBZ293 | |
| Datum přidání | 26. 3. 2021 10:04:35 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:02:03 |
| Autor | Qing Song | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ruixiang Zhao | |
| Autor | Tong Liu | |
| Autor | Lingling Gao | |
| Autor | Cuicui Su | |
| Autor | Yumin Ye | |
| Autor | Siew Yin Chan | |
| Autor | Xinyue Liu | |
| Autor | Ke Wang | |
| Autor | Peng Li | |
| Autor | Wei Huang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-16 | |
| Abstrakt | The ongoing pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus has turned out to be one of the biggest threats to the world, and the increase of drug-resistant bacterial strains also threatens the human health. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel anti-infective materials with broad-spectrum anti-pathogenic activity. In the present study, a fluorinated polycationic coating was synthesized on a hydrophilic and negatively charged polyester textile via one-step initiated chemical vapor deposition of poly(dimethyl amino methyl styrene-co-1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) (P(DMAMS-co-PFDA), PDP). The surface characterization results of SEM, FTIR, and EDX demonstrated the successful synthesis of PDP coating. Contact angle analysis revealed that PDP coating endowed the polyester textile with the hydrophobicity against the attachment of different aqueous foulants such as blood, coffee, and milk, as well as the oleophobicity against paraffin oil. Zeta potential analysis demonstrated that the PDP coating enabled a transformation of negative charge to positive charge on the surface of polyester textile. The PDP coating exhibited excellent contact-killing activity against both gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with the killing efficiency of approximate 99.9%. In addition, the antiviral capacity of PDP was determined by a green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression-based method using lentivirus-EGFP as a virus model. The PDP coating inactivated the negatively charged lentivirus-EGFP effectively. Moreover, the coating showed good biocompatibility toward mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells. All the above properties demonstrated that PDP would be a promising anti-pathogenic polymeric coating with wide applications in medicine, hygiene, hospital, etc., to control the bacterial and viral transmission and infection. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 15:30:31 | |
| Publikace | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 129368 | |
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129368 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NLZ2JH2B | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:30:31 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:40:16 |
| Autor | Broto Widya Hartanto | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dyah Samti Mayasari | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-15 | |
| Abstrakt | During COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a mask has become a usual custom as a personal protection in every activity. The growth in consumption of face masks leads the increasing of mask waste and became a particular problem in environment. This study uses analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine appropriate material for making environmentally friendly non-medical mask. Filtration efficiency, breathability, and environmental impact index are defined as main criteria and carried out 26 alternative material from previous study. AHP presents a ranking of priority for all the alternative materials with Quilt and Cotton 600 TPI are the best values and fulfilled the material characteristics required by WHO. The sensitivity analysis generates some material with constant global priority results, such as Quilt, Cotton 600 TPI, Quilting cotton, Polycotton, and Polypropylene fabric 1. Quilting cotton with woven structure becomes the third ranking of alternative material, and Polypropylene fabric 1 is the worst material for making environmentally friendly non-medical mask. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:00:55 | |
| Publikace | Science of the Total Environment | |
| Krátký název | Environmentally friendly non-medical mask | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 760 | |
| Rozsah | 144143 | |
| Extra | Place: Amsterdam Publisher: Elsevier WOS:000607779400141 | |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sci. Total Environ. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144143 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/W33NCCI5 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 16:12:43 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:56:49 |
| Autor | Felix Swamidoss Victor | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Vaidhegi Kugarajah | |
| Autor | Mohan Bangaru | |
| Autor | Shivendu Ranjan | |
| Autor | Sangeetha Dharmalingam | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-13 | |
| Abstrakt | Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) blended with varying concentrations of titanium nanotubes (TNT) was electrospun to result in a nanocomposite filter media. Sandwich structures were obtained by depositing the electrospun fibers between polypropylene (PP) nonwoven sheets. The synthesized tubular TNT was confirmed for its morphology through a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The prepared filter media was analyzed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effectiveness of the filter media was evaluated through the zone of inhibition and antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The Box-Behnken design is experimented with three-level variables, namely areal density of substrate (GSM), electrospinning time (hours), and concentration of TNT (wt%) for investigating the bacterial filtration efficiency through an Andersen sampler. Among other statistical tests (STATs), PVDF + 15 wt% TNT has a bacterial filtration efficiency of 99.88% providing greater potentials upon application for clean air management. It can be noted that the future application of this formulation could be efficient filtration of other microbes and could be used in facemasks to industrial-scale air filters. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 14:55:15 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Science and Pollution Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1614-7499 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environ Sci Pollut Res | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11356-021-13202-3 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IFSW5TJG | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 14:55:15 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:41:01 |
| Autor | Zuber Ahmad | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Nibras Zuber | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-10 | |
| Abstrakt | In this era of pandemic of COVID-19, everybody should wear a mask because they not only reduce the risk of transmission, but they can also lower the spread when a sick person wears it. WHO backed study suggests that face masks may reduce COVID-19 spread by 85%. The researchers found that the chance of infection or transmission was 3% with a mask compared with 17% without a mask, a reduction of more than 80%. Masks are loose fitting, covering the nose and mouth, designed to prevent large particles expelled by the wearer. While Respirators are tight fitting masks, designed to create a facial seal. Respirators provide good two way protection, by filtering both inflow and outflow of air. Medical masks also called surgical masks are three layered masks. They are recommended for use by health care workers in settings where there is no aerosol generating procedure and with other protective measures. Respirators such as N95, FFP2 or equivalent should be used by health care workers in settings where there is aerosol generating procedure. Cloth or home-made masks are recommended to use only by general public with strict social distancing. WHO does not recommend them where social distancing is difficult to maintain. Because of the panic buying, markets are flooded with fake masks. Their protective efficacy cannot be ensured. So it is very important how to spot a fake mask. This article is written in order to provide full information about masks, types, efficacy, recommendations to use and spotting a fake mask. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 15:22:37 | |
| URL | http://piq.jmsskims.org/index.php/jms/article/view/798 | |
| Publikace | JMS SKIMS | |
| Krátký název | Masks and respirators to prevent SARS CoV-2 transmission | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 24 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2021 JMS SKIMS | |
| Extra | Number: 1 | |
| ISSN | 2582-063X | |
| Katalog knihovny | piq.jmsskims.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CR9IIMZY | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:22:37 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:19 |
| Autor | Libei Huang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Meijia Gu | |
| Autor | Zhaoyu Wang | |
| Autor | Tsz Wing Tang | |
| Autor | Zonglong Zhu | |
| Autor | Yuncong Yuan | |
| Autor | Dong Wang | |
| Autor | Chao Shen | |
| Autor | Ben Zhong Tang | |
| Autor | Ruquan Ye | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The prevalence of COVID‐19 has caused global dysfunction in terms of public health, sustainability, and socio‐economy. While vaccination shows potential in containing the spread, the development of surfaces that effectively reduces virus transmission and infectivity is also imperative, especially amid the early stage of the pandemic. However, most virucidal surfaces are operated under harsh conditions, making them impractical or potentially unsafe for long‐term use. Here, it is reported that laser‐induced graphene (LIG) without any metal additives shows marvelous antiviral capacities for coronavirus. Under low solar irradiation, the virucidal efficacy of the hydrophobic LIG (HLIG) against HCoV‐OC43 and HCoV‐229E can achieve 97.5% and 95%, respectively. The photothermal effect and the hydrophobicity of the HLIG synergistically contribute to the superior inactivation capacity. The stable antiviral performance of HLIG enables its multiple uses, showing advantages in energy saving and environmental protection. This work discloses a potential method for antiviral applications and has implications for the future development of antiviral materials. | |
| Publikace | Advanced Functional Materials | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Rozsah | 2101195 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2499781330 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| DOI | 10.1002/adfm.202101195 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/26P9RC2K | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 14:38:14 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:41:30 |
Copyright - © 2021. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-03-11
| Autor | Leigh R. Crilley | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andrea Angelucci | |
| Autor | Brian Malile | |
| Autor | Cora J. Young | |
| Autor | Trevor C. VandenBoer | |
| Autor | Jennifer Chen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Current guidance by leading public health agencies recommends wearing a 3-layer cloth-based face mask with a middle non-woven material insert to reduce the transmission of infectious respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2. In this work we explore the material characteristics for a range of readily available non-woven materials and their sub-micron particle filtration efficiency (PFE), with the aim of providing evidence-based guidelines for selecting appropriate materials as inserts in cloth-based masks. We observed a wide range of ideal PFE for the tested non-woven materials, with polypropylene, Swiffer and Rayon/polyester blend providing the highest PFE and breathability. Our results suggest that materials comprising loose 3D fibrous webs (e.g. flannel, Swiffer and gauze) exhibited enhanced filtration efficiency compared to compressed counterparts. Common modifications to fabrics, such as water-resistant treatment and a sewn seam were also investigated. Overall, we demonstrate that adding an appropriate non-woven material as an insert filter can significantly improve the performance of cloth-based masks, and there exist suitable cellulose-based alternatives to polypropylene. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:32:39 | |
| Krátký název | Non-Woven Materials for Cloth-Based Face Mask Inserts | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Katalog knihovny | chemrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.26434/chemrxiv.13696705.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/B9IV9JYL | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:32:39 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:36:05 |
| Autor | Dr Shallu Bansal et Al | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction: The effect of N95 respirators for the protection against the infection is still undetermined. Hence in this study we evaluated the effectiveness of N95 respirators against surgical masks for inhibition of SARS- COV2 by gathering randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Materials and Methods: Online data from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library was searched for period of one year from Jan-2020 to jan-2021. The studies between 2009 and 2020 were searched. The systematic reviews were considered. The RCTs incorporated in systematic reviews were recognized. We also searched for the RCTs done independently. Risk of the bias was evaluated by 2 reviewers independently after data extracted. Meta-analyses were done to calculate pooled estimates by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of six RCTs involving 9171 participants were included. There were no statistically significant differences in inhibiting laboratory-confirmed SARS- COV2 (RR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.92- 1.28, P > .05), laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infections (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.70-1.11), laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection (RR = 0.74, 95% Cl 0.42-1.29) and influenza like illness (RR = 0.d1, 95% CI 0.33-1.14) using N 95 respirators and surgical masks. Meta-analysis indicated a protective effect of N95 respirators against laboratory-confirmed bacterial colonization (RR - 0.58, 95% CI 0.43-0.78). Conclusion: The use of N95 respirators matched with surgical masks is not associated with a lower risk of laboratory-confirmed SARS- COV2. It suggests that N95 respirators should not be recommended for general public and non high-risk medical staff those are not in close contact with SARS- COV2 patients or suspected patients. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 15:40:25 | |
| URL | http://annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/927 | |
| Publikace | Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 213-225 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2021 | |
| Katalog knihovny | annalsofrscb.ro | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Annals of RSCB | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MA82KNGU | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:40:25 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:19 |
| Autor | Balázs Illés | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Péter Gordon | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Respirators are one of the most useful personal protective equipment which can effectively limit the spreading of coronavirus (COVID-19). There are a worldwide shortage of respirators, melt-blown non-woven fabrics, and respirator testing possibilities. An easy and fast filtering efficiency measurement method was developed for testing the filtering materials of respirators. It works with a laser-based particle counting method, and it can determine two types of filtering efficiencies: Particle Filtering Efficiency (PFE) at given particle sizes and Concentration Filtering Efficiency (CFE) in the case of different aerosols. The measurement method was validated with different aerosol concentrations and with etalon respirators. Considerable advantages of our measurement method are simplicity, availability, and the relatively low price compared to the flame-photometer based methods. The ability of the measurement method was tested on ten different types of Chinese KN95 respirators. The quality of these respirators differs much, only two from ten reached 95% filtering efficiency. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 12:39:25 | |
| Publikace | Measurement | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 176 | |
| Rozsah | 109173 | |
| ISSN | 0263-2241 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Measurement | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109173 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YZZ7G36C | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:39:25 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:53:38 |
| Autor | Kaushik Pal | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | George Z. Kyzas | |
| Autor | Samo Kralj | |
| Autor | F. Gomes de Souza | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-05 | |
| Abstrakt | The uncontrollable outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) rapidly affected almost 230 countries across the world and territories since last year'2020 and its transmission mainly due to respiratory droplets. To fight and protect against micron dimension (~1.4 µm) corona virus the usage of disposable medical masks is one and only trivial option for patients, doctors, health employers and in fact mandatory for kids to senior citizens, as well as public places in a risky environment. Ordinary medical masks unable to self-sterilize in order to recycle for other appliances resulting further destroying impact of societies high economic and environmental costs. To minimize this global pandemic issue this proposal explores novel mechanism for further commercialization of surgical mask of photo-thermal and self-cleaning functionalization. Indeed, depositing few layer ultra-thin graphene coating onto low-melting temperature non-woven mask by tempering a dual mode laser induced mechanism. Incoming aqueous droplets are bounced off due the super-hydrophobic states were treated on the mask surface. Superficial hydrophobic surface yields an advanced safety towards approaching respiratory droplets. Due to the huge absorption coefficient capability of the sunrays activated laser-induced mask may rapidly boost temperature exceeds 85ºC under sunlight illumination, causes making the mask reusable after sunlight distillation. For SARS/coronavirus/ aerosolized bacteria, laser induced graphene mask is a recent breakthrough in superior antibacterial capacity. Furthermore, cost-effective and ultra-thin layered mask formulation recycled directly utilizes solar-driven desalination with remarkable self-exclusion performance for indelible usability. Featured review article, deals with remarkable achievements from forthcoming experimentation which may be inspired with layered mask designing by more progressive materials. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 12:42:44 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Molecular Structure | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 1233 | |
| Rozsah | 130100 | |
| ISSN | 0022-2860 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Molecular Structure | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130100 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7QNFQHXR | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:42:45 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:58:27 |
| Autor | Karina F. S. Leite | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kezi Cheng | |
| Autor | Shailabh Kumar | |
| Autor | Emilia M. P. C. Chayamiti | |
| Autor | Márcia Costa | |
| Autor | Maryann C. Tung | |
| Autor | Karen M. L. Morejón | |
| Autor | Cátia H. D. Salomão | |
| Autor | Stella C. Lopes | |
| Autor | Henrique Pacini | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives This study examines the response of a group of volunteers in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, as the city faced an unprecedented demand for face masks during the onset of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. The performance of artisanal-produced masks was compared with industry equivalents. Study design Case report with comparative testing. Methods A comparison was made between two parallel projects that produced single-use masks for healthcare workers and reusable masks for the community. Mask samples were tested for filtration efficiency (FE) and breathability (pressure drop). Results Results for FE averaged 40–60% for healthcare masks and 10% for community masks; both types of masks were tested for particle sizes of 0.3 μm. Conclusions While performance was inferior to standard comparators, the masks investigated in this study afforded a level of protection in the absence of alternatives, especially in non-aerosol generating contexts. The findings of this study are useful for communities with limited resources in other developing countries. In addition, insights can be gained from the experiences in Ribeirão Preto in terms of how to respond to future health emergencies. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 12:45:42 | |
| Publikace | Public Health in Practice | |
| Krátký název | Máscaras do Bem | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 100094 | |
| ISSN | 2666-5352 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Public Health in Practice | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100094 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RE9V2LAC | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:45:43 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:27:32 |
| Autor | Yong Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Qing Wang | |
| Autor | Ying Zhu | |
| Autor | Yan Shen | |
| Autor | Shirun Cheng | |
| Autor | Hongfei Zheng | |
| Autor | Yunhui Xu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Cotton is an important renewable biopolymer with extensive applications in various fields including textiles. In the current study a soy protein (SP) crosslinked cotton fabric (SPCCF) was prepared through the reaction of carboxyl cotton fabric with soy protein without using crosslinking agents. FTIR analysis of SPCCF samples indicated that carboxyl groups in oxycellulose fabric have reacted with amino groups of SP to give the corresponding C–N bond, that was also reconfirmed by XPS spectra and TGA/DTG analyses of the grafted fabrics. The resulting SPCCF fabrics acquired under the optimized conditions exhibited the improved tensile strength and capillary effect as compared to the oxidized cotton fabric. The ungrafted and grafted fabrics were further evaluated for dyeing property, as a result, the SPCCF fabrics showed markedly improved colour strength when dyed with acid dyes. The fastness properties of dyeability for the dyed SPCCF fabrics were also good compared with that of ungrafted fabrics by dyeing. Shikonin as a kind of Chinese medicine was found to immobilize on the SPCCF fabric through treatment with shikonin aqueous solution, such fabric displayed effective antibacterial activities against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with durability of 30 washes. These results suggest that the SPCCF can be suitable for medical protective textiles by immobilizing drugs. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:41:51 | |
| Publikace | Carbohydrate Polymers | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 257 | |
| Rozsah | 117548 | |
| ISSN | 0144-8617 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Carbohydrate Polymers | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117548 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KW5N6VJH | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 9:41:51 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:11:08 |
| Autor | Dominic Dellweg | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Peter Haidl | |
| Autor | Jens Kerl | |
| Autor | Lukas Maurer | |
| Autor | Dieter Köhler | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-04 | |
| Abstrakt | During the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there was a shortage of masks and respirators for the protection of health care professionals. Masks for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in combination with viral-proof filters, worn by healthcare workers, could serve as an alternative protection measure. We determined the simulated protection factor (SPF) of such devices in comparison to conventional surgical masks, N95, and FFP3 respirators. Masks and respirators were mounted on a ventilated mannequin head in a test-chamber. Isotonic saline containing 150 MBq 99mTC-DTPA (99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) was nebulized inside the box. The aerosol had a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 0.6 ± 0.4 µm. SPFs were measured using radioactive DTPA particles in the mannequin test system by calculating the ratio of unfiltered particles (Pu) and filtered particles (Pf) for each tested device (SPF = Pu/Pf). Simulated protection factors were 15.6 ± 3.6 for a ResMed AcuCare mask plus filter, 3.5 ± 0.2 for a ResMed Mirage Quattro FX mask plus filter, 9.5 ± 0.8 for a Loewenstein JOYCEclinc FF mask plus filter, 1.9 ± 0.2 for a surgical mask with a rubber band, 2.7 ± 0.7 for a surgical mask with ribbons, 2.3 ± 0.3 for an FFP3 respirator, and 3.6 ± 1.3 for an N95 respirator. The ResMed AcuCare and the Loewenstein JOYCEclinic FF mask were more effective than any other of the tested devices (p < 0.001). In conclusion, masks normally used for NIV with viral-proof filters can effectively filter respirable particles. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 15:32:31 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene | |
| Ročník | 18 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 118-127 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2020.1862417 PMID: 33434472 | |
| ISSN | 1545-9624 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/15459624.2020.1862417 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4ARXGLZI | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:55:33 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:10:32 |
| Autor | Congcong Tian | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fan Wu | |
| Autor | Wenling Jiao | |
| Autor | Xiaoyan Liu | |
| Autor | Xia Yin | |
| Autor | Yang Si | |
| Autor | Jianyong Yu | |
| Autor | Bin Ding | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-04 | |
| Abstrakt | The recent outbreak of a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed a great threat to public health and financial system. Most current masks used to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are typically absence of biocidal properties. We designed a novel polymer, polystyrene grafted by 5, 5-dimethylhydantoin and trimethylamine (PSDT), which possesses halamine site and cationic quaternary ammonia salt site. Furthermore, PSDT/PU nanofiber@net membranes (PSDT/PU NNMs) were obtained by electrospinning technology. Our strategy enables inherent N-halamine and quaternary ammonia salt (QAS) group to be covalently integrated into membranes, realizing the efficient and stable biocidal properties. Meanwhile, the introduction of nanonets endows electrospun membranes with prominent air filtration performance. The resulting membranes exhibit integrated properties of high interception of fine particles (96.7%) and low pressure drop (95.4 Pa). Besides, chlorinated PSDT/PU nanofiber@net membranes (with active chlorine content of 0.60 wt% and quaternary ammonia salt content of 2.20 wt%) exhibited superior bactericidal (>99.9999%) and virucidal (>99.999%) efficiency in a short time (2 min), which enables chlorinated PSDT/PU NNMs to be served as the filtration material by providing bacterial interception (99.77%) and contact killing against pathogens. The successful synthesis of PSDT/PU NNMs provide innovative insights for exploring filtration materials in a nanonet and biocidal form. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 16:07:30 | |
| Publikace | Composites Communications | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 24 | |
| Rozsah | 100668 | |
| ISSN | 2452-2139 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Composites Communications | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.coco.2021.100668 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/28IKI6TE | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 16:07:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:40:36 |
| Autor | Weixing Hao | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Guang Xu | |
| Autor | Yang Wang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-04 | |
| Abstrakt | The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is causing a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) across the world. As a public health response to control the pandemic, wearing homemade face coverings has been proven as a resort to protect both the wearer and others from droplets and aerosols transmission. Although aerosols and droplets can be removed through these non-medical materials with a series of filtration mechanisms, their filtration performances have not been evaluated in detail. Moreover, many factors, such as the fabric properties and the method of usage, also affect filtration performance. In this study, the size-dependent filtration performances of non-medical materials as candidates for face coverings were evaluated comprehensively. The flow resistance across these filter materials, an indicator of breathability, was also examined. The effect of materials properties, washing and drying cycles, and triboelectric effect on particle filtration was also studied. Results showed that the filtration efficiency varied considerably from 5-50% among fabrics materials due to the material properties, such as density and microscopic structure of the materials. Microfiber cloth demonstrated the highest efficiency among the tested materials. In general, fabric materials with higher grams per square meter (GSM) show higher particle filtration efficiency. The results on washing and drying fabric materials indicated decent reusability for fabric materials. The triboelectric charge could increase the filtration performance of the tested fabric materials, but this effect diminishes soon due to the dissipation of charges, meaning that triboelectric charging may not be effective in manufacturing homemade face coverings. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:59:31 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 18 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 128-138 | |
| Extra | Place: Philadelphia Publisher: Taylor & Francis Inc WOS:000610940300001 | |
| ISSN | 1545-9624 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. | |
| DOI | 10.1080/15459624.2020.1868482 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/869VB59D | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 10:56:52 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:58:15 |
Copyright - © 2021 JOEH, LLC
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-03-16
| Autor | Taijun Jiang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Guangsheng Zeng | |
| Autor | Can Hu | |
| Autor | Cong Meng | |
| Autor | Yi Chen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Polypropylene melt-blown fabric as the core filter materials plays an important role in manufacturing civil and medical epidemic prevention products. The aim of this study was to optimize and control the particle filtration efficiency and apparent surface quality of the melt-blown fabric from the perspectives of electret masterbatch composition and processing parameters. Magnesium stearate and fumed silica were used as the electret to manufacture polypropylene melt-blown fabric. The layout and charge voltage of the electret device was taken as the variables to optimize and improve the particle filtration efficiency and bulkiness coefficient of the fabric. The temperature of the barrel and die was controlled to enhance the surface quality and corresponding particle filtration efficiency. The results showed that a combination of organic magnesium stearate and inorganic fumed silica could obtain a balance between particle filtration efficiency and smooth processing without being jammed. Increasing the charge voltage and rearranging the position of the charge wires could significantly enhance the particle filtration efficiency. A better particle filtration efficiency and reasonable bulkiness coefficient could be obtained by controlling the diameter of the filaments by regulating the temperature of the barrel and die as well as the suction intensity. The results obtained from this study can offer valuable references in optimization of electret master batch formulation and processing parameters for melt-blown fabric production with different resin. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 14:56:14 | |
| Publikace | Fibers and Polymers | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1875-0052 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Fibers Polym | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12221-021-0653-2 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/F83J734N | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 14:56:14 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:43:16 |
| Autor | Fan Wu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Peiwen He | |
| Autor | Xinyi Chang | |
| Autor | Wenling Jiao | |
| Autor | Lifang Liu | |
| Autor | Yang Si | |
| Autor | Jianyong Yu | |
| Autor | Bin Ding | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-03 | |
| Abstrakt | The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has prompted a worldwide pandemic and poses a great threat to public safety and global economies. Most present personal protective equipment (PPE) used to intercept pathogenic microorganisms is deficient in biocidal properties. Herein, we present green nanofibers with effective antibacterial and antiviral activities that can provide sustainable bioprotection by continuously producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The superiority of the design is that the nanofibers can absorb and store visible light energy and maintain the activity under light or dark environment. Moreover, the nanofibers can uninterruptedly release ROS in the absence of an external hydrogen donor, acting as a biocide under all weather conditions. A facile spraying method is proposed to rapidly deploy the functional nanofibers to existing PPE, such as protective suits and masks. The modified PPE exhibit stable ROS production, excellent capacity for storing activity potential, long-term durability, and high bactericidal (>99.9%) and viricidal (>99.999%) efficacies. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 15:04:32 | |
| Publikace | Small | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 17 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 2100139 | |
| Práva | © 2021 Wiley‐VCH GmbH | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/smll.202100139 | |
| ISSN | 1613-6829 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/smll.202100139 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/A9QYKM4S | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:04:32 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:48:37 |
| Autor | Christian M. Sterr | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Inga-Lena Nickel | |
| Autor | Christina Stranzinger | |
| Autor | Claudia I. Nonnenmacher-Winter | |
| Autor | Frank Günther | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Since the appearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the question regarding the efficacy of various hygiene measures and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has become the focus of scientific and above all public discussion. To compare respirators, medical face masks, and cloth masks and determine if it is recommendable to wear face masks to protect the individual wearer of the mask from inhaling airborne particles, we challenged 29 different masks with aerosols and tested the pressure drop as a surrogate for breathing resistance owing to the mask material. We found that Type II medical face masks showed the lowest pressure drop (12.9±6.8 Pa/cm2) and therefore additional breathing resistance, whereas respirators such as the KN95 (32.3±7.0 Pa/cm2) and FFP2 (26.8±7.4 Pa/cm2) showed the highest pressure drops among the tested masks. The filtration efficacy of the mask material was the lowest for cloth masks (28±25%) followed by non-certified face masks (63±19%) and certified medical face masks (70±10%). The materials of the different respirators showed very high aerosol retentions (KN95 [94±4%] and FFP2 [98±1%]). For evaluating the as-worn filtration performance simulating real live conditions each mask type was also tested on a standardized dummy head. Cloth masks and non-EN-certified face masks had the worst as-worn filtration efficacies among the tested masks, filtering less than 20% of the test aerosol. Remarkably, certified type II medical face masks showed similar (p>0.5) as-worn filtration results (47±20%) than KN95 masks (41±4%) and FFP2 masks (65±27%), despite having a lower pressure drop. Face shields did not show any significant retention function against aerosols in our experiment. Our results indicate that it seems recommendable to wear face masks for providing base protection and risk reduction against inhaling airborne particles, in low-risk situations. In our study, especially EN 14683 type II certified medical face masks showed protective effectiveness against aerosols accompanied by minimal additional breathing resistance. FFP2 Respirators, on the other hand, could be useful in high-risk situations but require greater breathing effort and therefore physical stress for users. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 13:11:29 | |
| URL | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0248099 | |
| Publikace | PLOS ONE | |
| Krátký název | Medical face masks offer self-protection against aerosols | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | e0248099 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS ONE | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0248099 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TJ4GXV6V | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:24:00 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:02:55 |
| Autor | David Leith | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Christian L'Orange | |
| Autor | John Volckens | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-02 | |
| Abstrakt | The performance of masks, whether intended to protect the community from exhaled infectious aerosol or to protect the wearer from inhaled infectious aerosol, depends on factors such as filtration efficiency, particle size distribution, leakage, and ventilation rate. These factors depend on the activities and facial features of the mask wearer so that the mask performance for real-world applications is difficult to predict. The present work shows how protection factor, a quantity often used to describe mask performance, can be estimated without involving human volunteers. By constraining these factors to known values, mask protection factors can be compared fairly and efficiently following a series of filtration efficiency measurements performed in the laboratory. Protection factors and mask emissions for exhalation and inhalation were evaluated for masks of seven types currently in use around the world and for a hypothetical mask with 99% efficiency on all particles. The performance of reusable masks made from cotton fabric was limited by the size of the native cotton fibers. Masks that utilized finer fibers, particularly electret fibers with relatively small diameters, showed excellent performance with moderate flow resistance. Results from this work, in addition to simple guidance for mask fit and usage, can facilitate risk communication and decision-making efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:15:29 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Science & Technology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 3136-3143 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000626270400044 | |
| ISSN | 0013-936X | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environ. Sci. Technol. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.est.0c07291 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5KKGFHYP | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 15:48:56 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:07:08 |
Copyright - Copyright American Chemical Society Mar 2, 2021
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-03-09
| Autor | T. Chetty | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Vundli Ramokolo | |
| Autor | Kate Rees | |
| Autor | T. Kredo | |
| Autor | Yusentha Balakrishna | |
| Autor | Catherine Mathews | |
| Autor | Nandi Siegfried | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-02 | |
| Abstrakt | Background. Evidence on mask use in the general population is needed to inform SARS-CoV-2 responses. Objectives. To assess the effectiveness of cloth and medical masks for preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in community settings. Methods. Two rapid reviews were conducted searching three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) and two clinical trials registries on 30 and 31 March 2020. Results. We screened 821 records and assessed nine full-text articles for eligibility. One and seven RCTs were included for cloth and medical mask reviews, respectively. No SARS-CoV-2-specific RCTs and no cloth mask RCTs in community settings were identified. A single hospital-based RCT provided indirect evidence that, compared with medical masks, cloth masks probably increase clinical respiratory illnesses (relative risk (RR) 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 - 2.49) and laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infections (RR 1.54; 95% CI 0.88 - 2.70). Evidence for influenza-like illnesses (ILI) was uncertain (RR 13.00; 95% CI 1.69 - 100.03). Two RCTs provide low-certainty evidence that medical masks may make little to no difference to ILI infection risk versus no masks (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.81 - 1.19) in the community setting. Five RCTs provide low-certainty evidence that medical masks may slightly reduce infection risk v. no masks (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.55 - 1.20) in the household setting. Conclusions. Direct evidence for cloth and medical mask efficacy and effectiveness in the community is limited. Decision-making for mask use may consider other factors such as feasibility and SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics; however, well-designed comparative effectiveness studies are required. | |
| Publikace | South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 111 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 227-233 | |
| Extra | Place: South Africa Publisher: South African Medical Association NPC | |
| ISSN | 20785135 | |
| DOI | 10.7196/samj.2021.v111i3.15119 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YJS3V829 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:23:43 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:31:52 |
| Autor | Hussain Alenezi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Muhammet Emin Cam | |
| Autor | Mohan Edirisinghe | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | This novel face mask is designed to be a reusable respirator with a small and highly efficient disposable fabric filter. Respirator material requirements are reduced by 75% compared to traditional designs and allow repeated cleaning or sterilization. The probability of virus particle inhalation is reduced using novel air filtration pathways, through square-waveform design to increase filter airflow. Air enters the mask from right and left side filters, while the area in front of the mouth is isolated. Clear epoxy is used for a transparent frame, allowing lip-reading, and mask edges contain a silicone seal preventing bypass of the filters. The mask is manufactured using silicone molds, eliminating electricity requirements making it economical and viable in developing countries. Computational fluid dynamics numerical studies and Fluent ANSYS software were used to simulate airflow through the filter to optimize filter air path geometry and validate mask design with realistic human requirements. The breathing cycle was represented as a transient function, and N95 filter specifications were selected as a porous medium. The novel design achieved 1.2 × 10−3 kg s−1, 20% higher than human requirements, with air streamlines velocity indicating local high speed, forcing and trapping virus particles against filter walls through centrifugal forces. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 14:57:06 | |
| Publikace | Bio-Design and Manufacturing | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 4 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 1-9 | |
| ISSN | 2522-8552 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Bio-des. Manuf. | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s42242-020-00097-1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6F4WFPYI | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 14:57:06 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:44:09 |
| Autor | Vamsi Krishna Kudapa | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ajay Mittal | |
| Autor | Ishita Agrawal | |
| Autor | Tejendra K. Gupta | |
| Autor | Rajeev Gupta | |
| Typ | Kapitola knihy | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic is a genuine biosafety occasion that is causing an extreme effect on the worldwide society and economy. Various challenges associated with the outbreak of this pandemic include diagnosis, prevention, and proper medication. Engineered nanomaterials such as graphene and graphene derived materials could be the potential solution in preventing COVID-19. This study endeavors how the improvement of novel materials can assist researchers with handling the difficulties in biosafety. In recent years, 2D graphene had caught much consideration due to its efficient electrical properties and encouraging presentations, comprising methods to combat or identify drug-resistant bacterial contaminations. The bacteria lose its integrity when exposed to the graphene surface because of its efficient viral inhibition tendency. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 15:46:29 | |
| URL | https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/role-of-graphene-and-graphene-derived-materials-to-fight-with-covid-19 | |
| Vydavatel | IntechOpen | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.96284 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7DS3FGSD | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:46:29 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:43:35 |
| Autor | Marina Farrel Côrtes | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Evelyn Patricia Sanchez Espinoza | |
| Autor | Saidy Liceth Vásconez Noguera | |
| Autor | Aline Alves Silva | |
| Autor | Marion Elke Sielfeld Araya de Medeiros | |
| Autor | Lucy Santos Villas Boas | |
| Autor | Noely Evangelista Ferreira | |
| Autor | Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza | |
| Autor | Fernando Gonçalves Morais | |
| Autor | Rayana Santiago de Queiroz | |
| Autor | Adriana Coracini Tonacio de Proenca | |
| Autor | Thais Guimaraes | |
| Autor | Ana Rubia Guedes | |
| Autor | Leila Suemi Harima Letaif | |
| Autor | Amanda Cardoso Montal | |
| Autor | Maria Cassia Mendes-Correa | |
| Autor | Vanderley M. John | |
| Autor | Anna S. Levin | |
| Autor | Silvia Figueiredo Costa | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic increased global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) and resulted in shortages. The study evaluated the re-use of surgical masks and respirators by analysing their performance and safety before and after reprocessing using the following methods: oven, thermal drying, autoclave, and hydrogen peroxide plasma vapour. Methods In total, 45 surgical masks and 69 respirators were decontaminated. Visual integrity, air permeability, burst resistance, pressure differential and particulate filtration efficiency of new and decontaminated surgical masks and respirators were evaluated. In addition, 14 used respirators were analysed after work shifts before and after decontamination using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and viral culturing. Finally, reprocessed respirators were evaluated by users in terms of functionality and comfort. Results Oven decontamination (75 °C for 45 min) was found to be the simplest decontamination method. Physical and filtration assays indicated that all reprocessing methods were safe after one cycle. Oven decontamination maintained the characteristics of surgical masks and respirators for at least five reprocessing cycles. Viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR in two of the 14 used respirators. Four respirators submitted to viral culture were PCR-negative and culture-negative. Reprocessed respirators used in work shifts were evaluated positively by users, even after three decontamination cycles. Conclusion Oven decontamination is a safe method for reprocessing surgical masks and respirators for at least five cycles, and is feasible in the hospital setting. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:46:04 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 104 | |
| Rozsah | 320-328 | |
| ISSN | 1201-9712 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.056 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7QIWJ5M3 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:35:17 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:42:26 |
| Autor | Constance Wielick | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall | |
| Autor | Lorène Dams | |
| Autor | Ravo M. Razafimahefa | |
| Autor | Pierre-Francois Demeuldre | |
| Autor | Aurore Napp | |
| Autor | Jan Laperre | |
| Autor | Olivier Jolois | |
| Autor | Frédéric Farnir | |
| Autor | Eric Haubruge | |
| Autor | Etienne Thiry | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, reuse of surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirators has been recommended. Their reuse necessitates procedures to inactivate contaminating human respiratory and oral pathogens. We previously demonstrated decontamination of masks and respirators contaminated with an infectious SARS-CoV-2 surrogate via ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, vaporised hydrogen peroxide, and use of dry heat. Here, we show that these same methods efficiently inactivate a more resistant, non-enveloped oral virus; decontamination of infectious murine norovirus-contaminated masks and respirators reduced viral titres by over four orders of magnitude on mask or respirator coupons. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:52:05 | |
| Publikace | Infection Prevention in Practice | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 3 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 100111 | |
| ISSN | 2590-0889 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Infection Prevention in Practice | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100111 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/A9B377VR | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:36:10 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:42:02 |
| Autor | Lisa M. Brosseau | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rachael M. Jones | |
| Autor | Robert Harrison | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread rapidly. Critically, there have been failures in worker protection causing avoidable infections among front line healthcare workers and other essential workers.1 Substantial evidence is amassing that the inhalation of respirable aerosols is a dominant route for COVID-19 transmission. Respirators are required to effectively interrupt this transmission route and protect healthcare workers. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:57:01 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 49 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 405-406 | |
| ISSN | 0196-6553 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.09.008 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/H6AG4H7V | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 15:57:01 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:43:07 |
| Autor | Elsayed Elshahat Ismail | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hazem Abdelmoneim Katry | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of textile structure (Coverage factor and the type of fabrics) on the comfort properties (breathability) and protection properties (resistance to fluid permeability and pores size). Where the problem with this research in lies in the lack or scarcity of research that dealt with the properties of comfort and protection, especially in fabric masks, and the experimental approach was used to reach the best results . Whereas, woven and knitted fabrics were used in the research samples. The Results of air permeability (breathability) showed that the textile structure has a great impact on the breathability property of both woven and knitted fabrics, as the higher the density of the threads at a certain limit in the warp and weft directions in woven fabrics and the number of rows and columns in knitted fabrics, the air permeability and breathability decreased. The results showed that the cloth mask made of knitted fabrics is better than the cloth mask made of woven fabrics in terms of comfort and protection properties. The reason of respect are knitted fabrics better than woven fabrics when used to make cloth masks Based on the results given in the research, the two-layer cloth masks made of knitted fabrics are better in the comfort properties of breathable, expressed in air permeability, according to the technical requirements issued by the Egyptian Ministry of Industry and Trade, as well as according to the standard specification. Also, masks made of knitted fabrics were better than masks made from woven fabrics in terms of protection properties represented in the size of pores as well as resistance to spray permeability, expressed by the fabrics' resistance to fluid permeability under hydrostatic pressure according to the standard specification. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:46:12 | |
| URL | https://idj.journals.ekb.eg/article_151974.html | |
| Publikace | International Design Journal | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 103-110 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Scientific Society for Egyptians Designers | |
| ISSN | 2090-9632 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.idj.journals.ekb.eg | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/A86A3DVW | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:46:12 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:36:46 |
| Autor | Elisa Passaglia | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Beatrice Campanella | |
| Autor | Serena Coiai | |
| Autor | Francesca Cicogna | |
| Autor | Annalaura Carducci | |
| Autor | Marco Verani | |
| Autor | Ileana Federigi | |
| Autor | Beatrice Casini | |
| Autor | Benedetta Tuvo | |
| Autor | Emilia Bramanti | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03 | |
| Abstrakt | The European dependencies for raw materials supply from foreign countries have been unquestionably shown by COVID‐19 outbreak and have become particular evident from the slow response to the need for high quality personal protective equipment (PPEs). Among all medical devices, surgical face masks have earned themselves a primary role for the containment of the epidemic. In this context, our work aims at improving the barrier effect of surgical mask by depositing on their external surface a mixture of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, extracted from agronomical sources. The main objective is the integration of the biorefining of agri‐food solid wastes with the potential virucidal properties of the polyphenolic extracts for the treatment of PPEs. | |
| Publikace | ChemistrySelect | |
| Krátký název | Agri-Food Extracts Effectiveness in Improving Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties of Face Masks | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 2288-2297 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2495269114 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| ISSN | 2365-6549 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/slct.202004678 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FETI5PLS | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:30:08 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:38:02 |
Copyright - © 2021. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Copyright - © 2021. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-03-03
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-03-03
| Autor | G. M. Bianco | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | G. Marrocco | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the use of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) is increasingly widespread. Since the masks’ wetness can reduce its filtering capabilities, the World Health Organization advises to replace the FFRs if they become too damp, but currently, there is no practical way to monitor the masks’ wetness. A low-cost moisture sensor placed inside the FFRs could discriminate a slightly damp mask from a wet one, which must be replaced. In this letter, a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag exploiting an auto-tuning microchip for humidity sensing is designed and tested during an ordinary working day and a physical exercise. The tag returns about 1 unit of the digital metric every 3 mg of water generated by breathing and sweating, and it can identify excessively wet masks from commonly used ones. | |
| Publikace | IEEE Sensors Letters | |
| Ročník | 5 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 1-4 | |
| Extra | Conference Name: IEEE Sensors Letters | |
| ISSN | 2475-1472 | |
| Katalog knihovny | IEEE Xplore | |
| DOI | 10.1109/LSENS.2021.3059348 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N9S8BR6Y | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 16:01:01 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:43:22 |
| Autor | Anja Pogačnik Krajnc | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Luka Pirker | |
| Autor | Urška Gradišar Centa | |
| Autor | Anton Gradišek | |
| Autor | Igor B. Mekjavic | |
| Autor | Matej Godnič | |
| Autor | Metod Čebašek | |
| Autor | Tina Bregant | |
| Autor | Maja Remškar | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Size- and time-dependent particle removal efficiency (PRE) of different protective respiratory masks were determined using a standard aerosol powder with the size of particles in the range of an uncoated SARS-CoV-2 virus and small respiratory droplets. Number concentration of particles was measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer. Respiratory protective half-masks, surgical masks, and cotton washable masks were tested. The results show high filtration efficiency of FFP2, FFP3, and certified surgical masks for all sizes of tested particles, while protection efficiency of washable masks depends on their constituent fabrics. Measurements showed decreasing PRE of all masks over time due to transmission of nanoparticles through the mask-face interface. On the other hand, the PRE of the fabric is governed by deposition of the aerosols, consequently increasing the PRE. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 9:13:24 | |
| Publikace | Sensors | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 1567 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 5 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sensors | |
| DOI | 10.3390/s21051567 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/GL68NDJ7 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 9:13:24 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:45:13 |
| Autor | Deep Roy | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Simone Pagliara | |
| Autor | Michele Palermo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Personal protection equipment (PPE, e.g., masks and gloves) related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic may represent a significant source of riverine plastic pollution. Several studies were conducted to analyze plastic transport in rivers; however, apparently, none of them systematically investigated the efficiency of countermeasures in trapping/stopping floating plastic and nonwoven fabric materials originating from the abovementioned PPE. To fill this gap of knowledge and considering the current importance of the topic, the present paper aims at investigating the efficiency of several structure configurations that can be located in both natural and artificial water bodies. To this end, two different efficiencies were defined, i.e., kinematic (for isolated structures) and trapping (for structures in series). Experimental results evidenced that both the kinematic and the trapping efficiencies increase with the Froude number. We also developed empirical equations, which may be applied for predicting the structure efficiency in limiting plastic transport in rivers. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:55:26 | |
| Publikace | Water | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 771 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000652003300001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Water | |
| DOI | 10.3390/w13060771 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/29CRBMCT | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:55:26 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:32:13 |
| Autor | Samuel Faucher | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Daniel James Lundberg | |
| Autor | Xinyao Anna Liang | |
| Autor | Xiaojia Jin | |
| Autor | Rosalie Phillips | |
| Autor | Dorsa Parviz | |
| Autor | Jacopo Buongiorno | |
| Autor | Michael S. Strano | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-28 | |
| Abstrakt | While facial coverings reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by viral filtration, masks capable of viral inactivation by heating can provide a complementary method to limit transmission. Inspired by reverse-flow chemical reactors, we introduce a new virucidal face mask concept driven by the oscillatory flow of human breath. The governing heat and mass transport equations are solved to evaluate virus and CO2 transport. Given limits imposed by the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 thermal inactivation, human breath, safety, and comfort, heated masks may inactivate SARS-CoV-2 to medical-grade sterility. We detail one design, with a volume of 300 mL at 90 °C, that achieves a 3-log reduction in viral load with minimal impedance within the mask mesh, with partition coefficient around 2. This is the first quantitative analysis of virucidal thermal inactivation within a protective face mask, and addresses a pressing need for new approaches for personal protective equipment during a global pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 11:05:11 | |
| Publikace | AIChE Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | e17250 | |
| Práva | © 2021 American Institute of Chemical Engineers | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/aic.17250 | |
| ISSN | 1547-5905 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | AIChE J | |
| DOI | 10.1002/aic.17250 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DXJBWWW8 | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 10:05:55 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:09:11 |
Comment: 49 pages, 6 figures, 2 supplemental figures
| Autor | N. F. T. Arifin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | N. Yusof | |
| Autor | N. A. H. M. Nordin | |
| Autor | J. Jaafar | |
| Autor | A. F. Ismail | |
| Autor | F. Aziz | |
| Autor | W. N. W. Salleh | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Since the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, intense research has been carried out to find the effective vaccine. However, this issue remains as a global challenge. Graphene has captured various attention due to promising antimicrobial and antiviral applications, hydrophobic characteristic and superior electrical conductivity. Recently, biomass derived graphene also promises great opportunity to combat the spread COVID-19. In this paper, we demonstrated the ability and role of biomass derived graphene as superhydrophobic coating, biosensors and disinfectant in the fight against COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 15:52:14 | |
| Publikace | Materials Today: Proceedings | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 2214-7853 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials Today: Proceedings | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.379 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/SQ6TE8J7 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 15:52:14 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:15:52 |
| Autor | Seema Singh | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Nitzan Shauloff | |
| Autor | Chetan Prakash Sharma | |
| Autor | Ran Shimoni | |
| Autor | Christopher J. Arnusch | |
| Autor | Raz Jelinek | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Facemasks are considered the most effective means for preventing infection and spread of viral particles. In particular, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic underscores the urgent need for developing recyclable facemasks due to the considerable environmental damage and health risks imposed by disposable masks and respirators. We demonstrate synthesis of nanoporous membranes comprising carbon dots (C-dots) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and demonstrate their potential use for recyclable, self-sterilized facemasks. Notably, the composite C-dot-PVDF films exhibit hydrophobic surface which prevents moisture accumulation and a compact nanopore network which allows both breathability as well as effective filtration of particles above 100 nm in diameter. Particularly important, self-sterilization occurs upon short solar irradiation of the membrane, as the embedded C-dots efficiently absorb visible light, concurrently giving rise to elevated temperatures through heat dissipation. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 12:39:25 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Colloid and Interface Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 592 | |
| Rozsah | 342-348 | |
| ISSN | 0021-9797 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Colloid and Interface Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.049 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XHKFJ52Q | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:39:25 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:11:42 |
| Autor | Paramee Kumkrong | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ludmila Scoles | |
| Autor | Yvan Brunet | |
| Autor | Scott Baker | |
| Autor | Patrick H. J. Mercier | |
| Autor | Dominique Poirier | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-25 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Hydrogen peroxide and ozone have been used as chemical decontamination agents for N95 masks during supply shortages. If left behind on the masks the residues of both chemicals are representing a potential health hazard by skin contact and respiratory exposure. Aim Characterization of hydrogen peroxide and ozone residues on mask surfaces after chemical decontamination. Methods Various N95 masks were decontaminated using two commercial systems employing either aerosol spray or vaporization of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ozone. Following the decontamination, the masks were aired out to eliminate moisture and potential chemical residues. The residual hydrogen peroxide and ozone were monitored in the gas phase above the mask surface, and hydrogen peroxide residue directly on mask surfaces using a colorimetric assay. Findings After decontamination, hydrogen peroxide and ozone were detectable in the gas phase in the vicinity of masks even after five hours (h) of aeration. Hydrogen peroxide was also detected on all studied masks, and levels up to 56 mg per mask were observed after 0.5 h of aeration. All residues gradually decreased with aeration, likely due to decomposition and vaporization. Conclusion Hydrogen peroxide and ozone were present on N95 masks after decontamination. With appropriate aeration, the gaseous residue levels in the vicinity of the masks decreased to permissible levels as defined by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The reliable assays to monitor these residues are crucial to ensure the safety of the mask users. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 15:54:12 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0195-6701 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.02.018 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JP899IAM | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 15:54:12 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:53:45 |
| Autor | Selvakumar Dharmaraj | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Veeramuthu Ashokkumar | |
| Autor | Rajesh Pandiyan | |
| Autor | Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh | |
| Autor | Kit Wayne Chew | |
| Autor | Wei-Hsin Chen | |
| Autor | Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-23 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 has led to the enormous rise of medical wastes throughout the world, and these have mainly been generated from hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare establishments. This creates an additional challenge in medical waste management, particularly in developing countries. Improper managing of medical waste may have serious public health issues and a significant impact on the environment. There are currently three disinfection technologies, namely incineration, chemical, and physical, that are available to treat COVID-19 medical waste (CMW). This study focuses on thermochemical process, particularly the pyrolysis process to treat medical waste. Pyrolysis is a process that utilizes the instability of organic components in medical waste to convert it into valuable products. Besides, the technique is environmentally friendly, more efficient, requires less landfill capacity, causes lower pollution, and cost-effective. The current pandemic situation generates a high amount of plastic medical waste, which has components like polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and nylon (N). These plastic wastes can be converted into valuable energy products like oil, gas and char through the pyrolysis process. This study provides detailed information about CMW handling, treatments, valuable product generations (biofuels), and proper discharge into the open environment. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 12:39:25 | |
| Publikace | Chemosphere | |
| Krátký název | Pyrolysis | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 275 | |
| Rozsah | 130092 | |
| ISSN | 0045-6535 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Chemosphere | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130092 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/L5WLI992 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:39:25 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:16:37 |
| Autor | Soleiman Bourrous | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mathieu Barrault | |
| Autor | Victor Mocho | |
| Autor | Stéphane Poirier | |
| Autor | François-Xavier Ouf | |
| Autor | Nathalie Bardin-Monnier | |
| Autor | Augustin Charvet | |
| Autor | Dominique Thomas | |
| Autor | Alexandre Bescond | |
| Autor | Axel Fouqueau | |
| Autor | Tatiana Mace | |
| Autor | François Gaie-Levrel | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-23 | |
| Abstrakt | ABSTRACT During the recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, and as a reaction to the worldwide shortage of surgical masks, several countries have introduced new types of masks named “community face coverings” (CoFC). To ensure the quality of such devices and their relevance to slow down the virus spreading, a quick reaction of the certification organisms was necessary to fix the minimal acceptable performances requirements. Moreover, many laboratories involved in the aerosol research field have been asked to perform tests in a quick time according to (CEN, 2020) proposed by the European committee for standardization. This specification imposes a minimal air permeability of 96 L.m-2.s-1 for a 100 Pa pressure drop and a minimal filtration efficiency of 70% for 3 µm diameter particles. In the present article, an intercomparison of efficiencies and permeabilities measured by 3 laboratories has been performed. Results are in good agreement considering the heterogeneity of the material samples (within 27 % in terms of filtration efficiency and less than 20 % in terms of permeability). On this basis, an analysis of 233 materials made of woven, non-woven and mixed fibrous material has been done in terms of filtration efficiency and air permeability. For some of them, measurements have been performed for 0.2 µm, 1 µm and 3 µm particle diameters. As expected, no deterministic correlation could be determined to link these efficiencies to the permeability of the considered samples. However, a trend could be identified for woven and mixed materials with an increase of filtration efficiency when the air permeability decreases. The same exercise has been conducted to link the filtration efficiency measured at 3 µm to the one for lower diameters. Finally, a discussion on the kind of material that is the most relevant to manufacture CoFC supported by spectral filtration efficiency values (from 0.02 µm to 3 µm) is proposed. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:06:15 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Rozsah | 0-1 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research | |
| ISSN | 2071-1409 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aaqr.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.200615 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BXA3DVZQ | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 9:06:15 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:36:14 |
| Autor | Aniruddha Adhikari | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Uttam Pal | |
| Autor | Sayan Bayan | |
| Autor | Susmita Mondal | |
| Autor | Ria Ghosh | |
| Autor | Soumendra Darbar | |
| Autor | Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta | |
| Autor | Samit Kumar Ray | |
| Autor | Samir Kumar Pal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warns the use of one-way valves or vents in free masks for potential threat of spreading COVID-19 through expelled respiratory droplets. Here, we have developed a nanoceutical cotton fabric duly sensitized with non-toxic zinc oxide nanomaterial for potential use as membrane filter in the one way valve for the ease of breathing without the threat of COVID-19 spreading. A detailed computational study revealed that zinc oxide nanoflowers (ZnO NF) with almost two-dimensional petals trap SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, responsible to attach to ACE-2 receptors in human lung epithelial cells. The study also confirm significant denaturation of the spike proteins on the ZnO surface, revealing removal of virus upon efficient trapping. Following the computational study, we have synthesized ZnO NF on cotton matrix using hydrothermal assisted strategy. Electron microscopic, steady-state and picosecond resolved spectroscopic studies confirm attachment of ZnO NF to the cotton (i.e., cellulose) matrix at atomic level to develop the nanoceutical fabric. A detailed antimicrobial assay using Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (model SARS-CoV-2 mimic) reveals excellent anti-microbial efficiency of the developed nanoceutical fabric. To our understanding the novel nanoceutical fabric used in one-way valve of a face mask would be the choice to assure breathing comfort along with source control of COVID-19 infection. The developed nanosensitized cloth can also be used as antibacterial/anti CoV-2 washable dress material in general. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:23:01 | |
| Publikace | bioRxiv | |
| Krátký název | Nanoceutical Fabric Prevents COVID-19 Spread through Expelled Respiratory Droplets | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.02.20.432081 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.biorxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2021.02.20.432081 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/R594NQ9V | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 9:23:01 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:06:01 |
| Autor | C. Raina MacIntyre | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Valentina Costantino | |
| Autor | Linkan Bian | |
| Autor | Cindy Bethel | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-19 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: Universities are at risk for COVID-19 and Fall semester begins in August 2020 for most campuses in the United States. The Southern States, including Mississippi, are experiencing a high incidence of COVID-19. Aims: The objective of this study is to model the impact of face masks and hybrid learning on the COVID-19 epidemic on Mississippi State University (MSU) campus. Methods: We used an age structured deterministic mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission within the MSU campus population, accounting for asymptomatic transmission. We modeled facemasks for the campus population at varying proportions of mask use and effectiveness, and Hyflex model of partial online learning with reduction of people on campus. Results: Facemasks can substantially reduce cases and deaths, even with modest effectiveness. Even 20% uptake of masks will halve the epidemic size. Facemasks combined with Hyflex reduces epidemic size even more. Conclusions: Universal use of face masks and reducing the number of people on campus may allow safer universities reopening. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 15:32:34 | |
| Publikace | Journal of American College Health | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Rozsah | 1-6 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1866579 PMID: 33605837 | |
| ISSN | 0744-8481 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/07448481.2020.1866579 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZYWPTRAV | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 15:32:34 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:51:14 |
| Autor | William G. Lindsley | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Francoise M. Blachere | |
| Autor | Donald H. Beezhold | |
| Autor | Brandon F. Law | |
| Autor | Raymond C. Derk | |
| Autor | Justin M. Hettick | |
| Autor | Karen Woodfork | |
| Autor | William T. Goldsmith | |
| Autor | James R. Harris | |
| Autor | Matthew G. Duling | |
| Autor | Brenda Boutin | |
| Autor | Timothy Nurkiewicz | |
| Autor | John D. Noti | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-19 | |
| Abstrakt | Universal mask wearing is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to help control the spread of COVID-19. Masks reduce the expulsion of respiratory aerosols (called source control) and offer some protection to the wearer. However, masks vary greatly in their designs and construction materials, and it is not clear which are most effective. Our study tested 15 reusable cloth masks (which included face masks, neck gaiters, and bandanas), two medical masks, and two N95 filtering facepiece respirators as source control devices for aerosols <7 μm produced during simulated coughing and exhalation. These measurements were compared with the mask filtration efficiencies, airflow resistances, and fit factors. The source control collection efficiencies for the cloth masks ranged from 17% to 71% for coughing and 35% to 66% for exhalation. The filtration efficiencies of the cloth masks ranged from 1.4% to 98%, while the fit factors were 1.3 to 7.4 on an elastomeric manikin headform and 1.0 to 4.0 on human test subjects. The correlation coefficients between the source control efficacies and the other performance metrics ranged from 0.31 to 0.66 and were significant in all but one case. However, none of the alternative metrics were strong predictors of the source control performance of cloth masks. Our results suggest that a better understanding of the relationships between source control performance and metrics like filtration efficiency, airflow resistance, and fit factor are needed to develop simple methods to estimate the effectiveness of masks as source control devices for respiratory aerosols. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:32:49 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.02.16.21251850 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2021.02.16.21251850 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ETAD5LWL | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 9:32:49 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:30:21 |
| Autor | Zulfiqar Ali Raza | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Muhammad Taqi | |
| Autor | Muhammad Rizwan Tariq | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-18 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has badly hit human life on the globe. Although the COVID-19 infection transmits on physical closeness, yet the staff of several public and private sectors are bound to move away from their shelters and perform their mandatory duties and other social responsibilities, thus, are probable prone to face the infection, mostly through mucosal routes. Accordingly, they need obligatory respiratory protection and physical coverage especially while dealing with suspectable COVID-19 infectees. This has resulted in worldwide demand for personal protection equipment (PPE), especially with effective antiviral activity and reusability. The common PPE like face masks, gowns, aprons and gloves, etc. come under the textile range of products. To make them effective, the PPE material should be treated with a suitable antiviral agent at appropriate stage of processing. In the current scenario, the development and characterization of new antiviral agents, particularly against COVID-19, would be a time-limited job largely when the universities are closed worldwide, and the research activities have been discontinued. Henceforth, the focus of the present review is to look at some already available antibacterial and antimicrobial agents that might exhibit potential antiviral activity. Such agents could be in hand antiviral finishes for textile-based PPE against the COVID-infection. Highlights The COVID-19 infection transmits on physical closeness. Health care staff are more venerable to face infection than anybody else. Conventional textile-based PPE fail to prevent infection due to the retention of the virus. To make them effective, the PPE should be antivirally treated. We indicate in hand antimicrobial agents that may potentially exhibit antiviral activity. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 15:32:32 | |
| Publikace | Journal of the Textile Institute | |
| Krátký název | Antibacterial agents applied as antivirals in textile-based PPE | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Rozsah | 1-13 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2021.1889166 | |
| ISSN | 0040-5000 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Text. Inst. | |
| DOI | 10.1080/00405000.2021.1889166 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DNQGXTJC | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 15:32:34 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:49:51 |
| Autor | Mingxin Xu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Peter Lee | |
| Autor | David Collins | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-17 | |
| Abstrakt | Filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and medical masks are widely used to reduce the inhalation exposure of airborne particulates and biohazardous aerosols. Their protective capacity largely depends on the fraction of these that are filtered from the incoming air volume. While the performance and physics of different filter materials have been the topic of intensive study, less well understood are the effects of mask sealing. To address this, we introduce an approach to calculate the influence of face-seal leakage on filtration ratio and fit factor based on an analytical model and a finite element method (FEM) model, both of which take into account time-dependent human respiration velocities. Using these, we calculate the filtration ratio and fit factor for a range of ventilation resistance values relevant to filter materials, 500–2500 Pa∙s∙m−1, where the filtration ratio and fit factor are calculated as a function of the mask gap dimensions, with good agreement between analytical and numerical models. The results show that the filtration ratio and fit factor are decrease markedly with even small increases in gap area. We also calculate particle filtration rates for N95 FFRs with various ventilation resistances and two commercial FFRs exemplars. Taken together, this work underscores the critical importance of forming a tight seal around the face as a factor in mask performance, where our straightforward analytical model can be readily applied to obtain estimates of mask performance. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 15:59:09 | |
| Publikace | PLOS ONE | |
| Krátký název | The critical importance of mask seals on respirator performance | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | e0246720 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS ONE | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0246720 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8PWETL4B | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 15:59:09 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:13:41 |
| Autor | Yanyun Ju | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ting Han | |
| Autor | Jiajun Yin | |
| Autor | Qianqian Li | |
| Autor | Zhuo Chen | |
| Autor | Zhanyong Wei | |
| Autor | Yang Zhang | |
| Autor | Lijie Dong | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Recently, the pandemic infectious diseases caused by coronavirus have prompted the development of air filter membranes to against infectious agents and protect human health. This research focuses on air filter membrane with antibacterial and antiviral property for high-efficiency particulate matter (PM) removal. Herein, polyamide-6 electrospun nanofibers were anchored with silver nanoparticles through hydrogen-bond. Bumpy nanorough surface and multilevel structure contribute to improve capture capacity, and silver nanoparticles provide a strong ability to inactivate bacteria and virus. In conclusion, this membrane exhibits high PM2.5 filtration efficiency of 99.99 % and low pressure drop of 31 Pa; simultaneous removal of multiple aerosol pollutants, e.g., SOx, NOx, methylbenzene, L-Nicotine; superior antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (Gram negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria), antiviral property against Porcine Deltacoronavirus and not significant cytotoxicity. Research of air filtration material is important to remove air pollutants and to prevent infection and spread of respiratory infectious diseases. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 12:42:45 | |
| Publikace | Science of The Total Environment | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 145768 | |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Science of The Total Environment | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145768 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ETF5J5XW | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:42:45 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:41:50 |
| Autor | Elisabeth Mahase | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-15 | |
| Abstrakt | In light of new, more transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2, Elisabeth Mahase examines what kinds of mask the public should be wearing, and where they should be worn | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 15:48:40 | |
| Publikace | BMJ : British Medical Journal (Online) | |
| Krátký název | Covid-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 372 | |
| Rozsah | n432 | |
| Práva | Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions. This article is made freely available for use in accordance with BMJ's website terms and conditions for the duration of the covid-19 pandemic or until otherwise determined by BMJ. You may use, download and print the article for any lawful, non-commercial purpose (including text and data mining) provided that all copyright notices and trade marks are retained.https://bmj.com/coronavirus/usage | |
| Extra | Publisher: British Medical Journal Publishing Group Section: News PMID: 33589420 | |
| ISSN | 1756-1833 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.bmj.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | BMJ | |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmj.n432 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6XIJ9VRB | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:30:08 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:44:49 |
Copyright - This article is made freely available for use in accordance with BMJ's website terms and conditions for the duration of the covid-19 pandemic or until otherwise determined by BMJ. You may use, download and print the article for any lawful, non-commercial purpose (including text and data mining) provided that all copyright notices and trade marks are retained. https://bmj.com/coronavirus/usage?
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-02-17
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US; United Kingdom--UK; England; France
| Autor | Gregory S. Larsen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yongqiang Cheng | |
| Autor | Luke L. Daemen | |
| Autor | Tej N. Lamichhane | |
| Autor | Dale K. Hensley | |
| Autor | Kunlun Hong | |
| Autor | Harry M. Meyer | |
| Autor | Steven J. Monaco | |
| Autor | Alan M. Levine | |
| Autor | Richard J. Lee | |
| Autor | Emma Betters | |
| Autor | Kim Sitzlar | |
| Autor | Jesse Heineman | |
| Autor | Justin West | |
| Autor | Peter Lloyd | |
| Autor | Vlastimil Kunc | |
| Autor | Lonnie Love | |
| Autor | Merlin Theodore | |
| Autor | Mariappan Parans Paranthaman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-12 | |
| Abstrakt | The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic has highlighted the need for personal protective equipment, specifically filtering facepiece respirators like N95 masks. While it is common knowledge that polypropylene (PP) is the industry standard material for filtration media, trial and error is often required to identify suitable commercial precursors for filtration media production. This work aims to identify differences between several commercial grades of PP and demonstrate the development of N95 filtration media with the intent that the industry partners can pivot and help address N95 shortages. Three commercial grades of high melt flow index PP were melt blown at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and broadly characterized by several methods including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and neutron scattering. Despite the apparent similarities (high melt flow and isotacticity) between PP feedstocks, the application of corona charging and charge enhancing additives improve each material to widely varying degrees. From the analysis performed here, the most differentiating factor appears to be related to crystallization of the polymer and the resulting electret formation. Materials with higher crystallization onset temperatures, slower crystallization rates, and larger number of crystallites form a stronger electret and are more effective at filtration. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:32:32 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Polymer Materials | |
| Ročník | 3 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 1022-1031 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsapm.0c01294 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YC77ZMGI | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 9:32:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:07:00 |
| Autor | Bhavani Shankara Bagepally | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Madhumitha Haridoss | |
| Autor | Meenakumari Natarajan | |
| Autor | Kathiresan Jeyashree | |
| Autor | Manickam Ponnaiah | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction In the absence of specific treatment, preventive strategies are of paramount importance in management of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. We estimated cost-effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions such as hand-hygiene, surgical-mask N-95 respirators and surgical mask in general population. Methods We performed a decision tree and markov-model based economic evaluation. We estimated total costs and outcomes from public payer's perspective, based on information available through systematic literature search on relative intervention effect during early pandemic phase. We estimated outcomes as number COVID-19 prevented and Quality Adjusted life year (QALY) over one-year time-horizon with one-day cycle-length. Incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICER) was calculated multiple sensitivity analyses were applied to assess parameter uncertainty. Results Use of surgical mask with hand hygiene, fit tested N-95 respirator, surgical-mask, non-fit tested N-95 and hand-hygiene interventions prevented additional 1139, 1124, 1121, 1043 and 975 COVID-19 cases per-million as compared to using none. Additional costs incurred (in billion) were ₹29.78 ($0.40), ₹148.09 ($1.99), ₹72.51 ($0.98), ₹26.84 ($0.36) and ₹2.48 ($0.03) as well as additional QALYs gained were 357.4, 353.01, 327.95, 351.52 and 307.04 for surgical mask with hand hygiene, fit-tested N-95, non-fit-tested N-95, surgical mask and hand-hygiene respectively. ICERs with surgical with hand hygiene, hand-hygiene alone, surgical-mask alone, N-95 respirator fit and non-fit test were 83.32($1.12), 8.07($0.11), 76.36($1.03), 419.51($5.65) and 221.10 ($2.98) million ₹ ($)/QALY respectively. Results were robust on uncertainty analysis. Discussion Among the non-pharmacological interventions to be considered for preventing spread of COVID-19, hand hygiene was cost-effective and avoidance of use of surgical masks and respirators by the general public could save resources. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 10:49:59 | |
| Publikace | Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health | |
| Krátký název | Cost-effectiveness of surgical mask, N-95 respirator, hand-hygiene and surgical mask with hand hygiene in the prevention of COVID-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Rozsah | 100702 | |
| ISSN | 2213-3984 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100702 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/26SBKRTA | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 10:49:59 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:49:45 |
| Autor | M. D. Foziah J. Alshamrani | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The study aimed to determine the low-cost measurement of facemask efficacy especially the Niqab against the spread of COVID-19 during the speech. It is evident from the data provided by UN Women that the countries with a Muslim majority where covering the face with Niqab is culture has a less percentage of women affected by the COVID-19 virus as compared to the countries where women do not cover their face with niqab. conclusion: people are looking for low-cost measures for prevention against the spread of Covid-19. A niqab is made up of different types of cloth and works in a similar way to a cloth mask. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 13:26:49 | |
| URL | https://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=43677 | |
| Publikace | Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy | |
| Jazyk | tr | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 753-758 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Medknow Publications | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.sysrevpharm.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6ZVIMSJD | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 13:26:49 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:22 |
| Autor | C. Balagna | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | R. Francese | |
| Autor | S. Perero | |
| Autor | D. Lembo | |
| Autor | M. Ferraris | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The widespread of viral airborne diseases is becoming a critical problem for human health and safety, not only for the common cold and flu, but also considering more serious infection as the current pandemic COVID-19. Even if the current heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems limit the disease transmission by air, the air filters are susceptible to microbial colonization. In addition, viruses spread via droplets (aerosol) produced by direct or indirect contact with infected people. In this context, the necessity of an efficient HVAC system, able to capture and inactivate viruses- and bacteria-rich aerosols, thus preserving a safe indoor air environment and protecting people, is of enormous importance. The aim of this work is the assessment of the antiviral properties of a silver nanoclusters/silica composite coating deposited via co-sputtering technique on glass, on metallic fibre-based air filters as well as on cotton textiles. The selected human respiratory viruses are: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the human rhinovirus (HRV) and the influenza virus type A (FluVA). The coated air filters show that the nanostructured coating develops a strong virucidal activity against RSV and FluVA, but not against the HRV. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 13:46:30 | |
| Publikace | Surface and Coatings Technology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 409 | |
| Rozsah | 126873 | |
| ISSN | 0257-8972 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Surface and Coatings Technology | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.126873 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/V7KLCKH6 | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 13:46:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:04:31 |
| Autor | Burhan Dost | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Özgür Kömürcü | |
| Autor | Sezgin Bilgin | |
| Autor | Hilal Dokmeci | |
| Autor | Özlem Terzi | |
| Autor | Sibel Baris | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of protective face mask usage during the postoperative period on carbon dioxide retention in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design This study was designed as a prospective, randomized trial including 40 ASA I–II patients aged 3–10 years who were scheduled for elective surgery. Methods Patients were randomly allocated to two groups. The first group (Group 1) received O2 treatment over the protective face mask. In the second group (Group 2), the protective face mask was worn over the O2 delivery system. Heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SPO2) level, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) level, and respiratory rate (RR) were measured using a patient monitor at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 minutes and recorded. The primary outcome of the study was the determination of the EtCO2 levels, which were used to assess the safety of the mask in terms of potential carbon dioxide retention. Findings None of the participants’ SPO2 levels fell below 92% while wearing masks. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of EtCO2, HR, SPO2, and RR (p > 0.05). Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, protective surgical face masks can be used safely in the postoperative period for pediatric patients aged 3–10 years. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 12:45:43 | |
| Publikace | Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1089-9472 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jopan.2021.02.004 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2QV6IZTN | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:45:43 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:00:37 |
| Autor | Carla Denari Giuliani | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mauricio Foschini | |
| Autor | Adamo Ferreira Gomes Monte | |
| Autor | Ana Caroline Moreira Mendes | |
| Autor | Alexandre Maletta | |
| Autor | Renata Scarabucci Janones | |
| Autor | Bruna Aparecida Rodrigues Duarte | |
| Autor | Kleber Del-Claro | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives: Due to the crisis in protective equipment caused by a pandemic, it generates needs for equipment rationing among professionals working in the health area, with the need for many health professionals to use homemade masks. Therefore, this is a comparative study regarding the relative efficiencies of commercial respiratory masks (medical masks) and homemade fabric masks.Methods: A liquid aerosol line was created that passes through a chamber with 6 optical windows that allows the fixation of tissue or masks in the aerosol flow. The measures used two spectroscopic techniques that made it possible to relate the amount of aerosols with the scattering of light..Results: Fabrics with a higher percentage of cotton, and a greater number of layers and more closed wefts proved to be more efficient in blocking aerosols, however, fabrics without treatments obtained results far below the real needs of professionals working in the health area, with efficiency below 75% for liquid aerosols among the tissues tested.Conclusion: Homemade masks prove to be effective in reducing the spread of the virus among ordinary citizens in past infections, the efficiency of homemade masks is very low for health professionals who are directly exposed to the biological agent, so, it is necessary for public administrations to seek new alternatives with greater efficiency for this type of professional during the absence of surgical masks and n95. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 16:10:37 | |
| Publikace | Open Science Journal | |
| Krátký název | Aerosol blocking assessment by different types of fabrics for homemade respiratory masks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2021 Open Science Journal | |
| Extra | Number: 1 | |
| ISSN | 2466-4308 | |
| Katalog knihovny | osjournal.org | |
| DOI | 10.23954/osj.v6i1.2721 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3BJTWTYH | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 16:10:37 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:38:31 |
| Autor | Patrick A. Kenney | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Benjamin K. Chan | |
| Autor | Kaitlyn E. Kortright | |
| Autor | Margaret Cintron | |
| Autor | Mark Russi | |
| Autor | Jacqueline Epright | |
| Autor | Lorraine Lee | |
| Autor | Thomas J. Balcezak | |
| Autor | Nancy L. Havill | |
| Autor | Richard A. Martinello | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to global shortages of N95 respirators. Reprocessing of used N95 respirators may provide a higher filtration crisis alternative, but it is unknown if effective sterilization can be achieved for a virus without impairing respirator function. We evaluated the viricidal efficacy of Bioquell vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) on contaminated N95 respirators and tested the particulate particle penetration and inhalation/exhalation resistance of respirators after multiple cycles of VHP. Methods: 3M 1870 N95 respirators (3M, St. Paul, MN) were contaminated with 3 aerosolized bacteriophages: T1, T7, and Pseudomonas phage phi-6 followed by one cycle of VHP decontamination using a BQ-50 system (Bioquell, Horsham, PA). Additionally, new and unused respirators were sent to an independent laboratory, Nelson Labs (Salt Lake City, UT), for particulate filter penetration testing and inhalation/exhalation resistance after 3 and 5 cycles of VHP. Results: A single VHP cycle resulted in complete eradication of bacteriophage from respirators (limit of detection 10 PFU). Respirators showed acceptable limits for inhalation/exhalation resistance after 3 and 5 cycles of VHP. Respirators demonstrated a filtration efficiency >99 % after 3 cycles, but fell below 95% after 5 cycles of HPV. Conclusion: Bioquell VHP demonstrated high viricidal activity for N95 respirators inoculated with aerosolized bacteriophages. Bioquell technology can be scaled for simultaneous decontamination of a large number of used but otherwise intact respirators. Reprocessing should be limited to 3 cycles due to concerns both about impact of clinical wear and tear on fit, and to decrement in filtration after 3 cycles. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 10:39:50 | |
| Publikace | Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 1-14 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cambridge University Press | |
| ISSN | 1559-6834 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Cambridge University Press | |
| DOI | 10.1017/ice.2021.48 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/M7JYTC8T | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 10:39:50 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:59:41 |
| Autor | Gregory J. Golladay | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kevin A. Leslie | |
| Autor | Wilhelm A. Zuelzer | |
| Autor | Anthony D. Cassano | |
| Autor | Joshua J. Plauny | |
| Autor | Frank E. Daniels | |
| Autor | Gonzalo Bearman | |
| Autor | Stephen L. Kates | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective: The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is notable for being highly contagious and potentially lethal and is mainly spread by droplet transmission. The US healthcare system’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been challenged by a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), especially N95 respirators. Restricted use, re-use, and sanitation of PPE have been widely adopted to provide protection for frontline healthcare workers caring for often critically ill and highly contagious patients. This objective of this manuscript is to describe our validated process for N95 respirator sanitation. Design: Process development, validation, and implementation Setting: Level-I urban academic medical center Methods: A multidisciplinary team developed a novel evidence-based process for N95 respirator re-processing and sanitation using ultraviolet (UV) light. Dose measurement, structural integrity, moisture content, particle filtration, fit testing, and environmental testing were performed for both quality control and validation of the process. Results: The process achieved UV light dosing for sanitation while maintaining the functional and structural integrity of the N95 respirators, with a daily potential throughput capacity of ˜12,000 masks. This process has supported our health system to provide respiratory PPE to all frontline team members. Conclusions: This novel method of N95 respirator sanitation can safely enable re-use of the N95 respirator essential for healthcare workers caring for patients with COVID-19. Our high-throughput process can extend local supplies of this critical PPE until the national supply is replenished. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 10:41:21 | |
| Publikace | Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 1-20 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cambridge University Press | |
| ISSN | 1559-6834 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Cambridge University Press | |
| DOI | 10.1017/ice.2021.37 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/W8MP366Z | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 10:41:21 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:08:46 |
| Autor | Jeffrey T. Mueller | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Soroor Karimi | |
| Autor | Karl A. Poterack | |
| Autor | Maria Teresa A. Seville | |
| Autor | Steven M. Tipton | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-09 | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 12:11:54 | |
| Publikace | Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | |
| Krátký název | Surgical Mask Covering of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 1-6 | |
| ISSN | 1559-6834 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. | |
| DOI | 10.1017/ice.2021.50 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LCDZQ4A4 | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 12:11:54 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:12:51 |
| Autor | Gayathri Pullangott | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Uthradevi Kannan | |
| Autor | Gayathri S | |
| Autor | Degala Venkata Kiran | |
| Autor | Shihabudheen M. Maliyekkal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-08 | |
| Abstrakt | The world has witnessed several incidents of epidemics and pandemics since the beginning of human existence. The gruesome effects of microbial threats create considerable repercussions on the healthcare systems. The continually evolving nature of causative viruses due to mutation or re-assortment sometimes makes existing medicines and vaccines inactive. As a rapid response to such outbreaks, much emphasis has been placed on personal protective equipment (PPE), especially face mask, to prevent infectious diseases from airborne pathogens. Wearing face masks in public reduce disease transmission and creates a sense of community solidarity in collectively fighting the pandemic. However, excessive use of single-use polymer-based face masks can pose a significant challenge to the environment and is increasingly evident in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. On the contrary, face masks with inherent antimicrobial properties can help in real-time deactivation of microorganisms enabling multiple-use and reduces secondary infections. Given the advantages, several efforts are made incorporating natural and synthetic antimicrobial agents (AMA) to produce face mask with enhanced safety, and the literature about such efforts are summarised. The review also discusses the literature concerning the current and future market potential and environmental impacts of face masks. Among the AMA tested, metal and metal-oxide based materials are more popular and relatively matured technology. However, the repeated use of such a face mask may pose a danger to the user and environment due to leaching/detachment of nanoparticles. So careful consideration is required to select AMA and their incorporation methods to reduce their leaching and environmental impacts. Also, systematic studies are required to establish short-term and long-term benefits. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 13:28:49 | |
| Publikace | RSC Advances | |
| Krátký název | A comprehensive review on antimicrobial face masks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 6544-6576 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry | |
| Katalog knihovny | pubs.rsc.org | |
| DOI | 10.1039/D0RA10009A | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LMA77VHV | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 13:28:49 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:35:36 |
| Autor | Ali Lafzi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Miad Boodaghi | |
| Autor | Siavash Zamani | |
| Autor | Niyousha Mohammadshafie | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-08 | |
| Abstrakt | The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 shocked humanity leading to the death of millions of people worldwide. To stave off the spread of the virus, the authorities in the US, employed different strategies including the mask mandate (MM) order issued by the states' governors. Although most of the previous studies pointed in the direction that MM can be effective in hindering the spread of viral infections, the effectiveness of MM in reducing the degree of exposure to the virus and, consequently, death rates remains indeterminate. Indeed, the extent to which the degree of exposure to COVID-19 takes part in the lethality of the virus remains unclear. In the current work, we defined a parameter called the average death ratio as the monthly average of the ratio of the number of daily deaths to the total number of daily cases. We utilized survey data provided by New York Times to quantify people's abidance to the MM order. Additionally, we implicitly addressed the extent to which people abide by the MM order that may depend on some parameters like population, income, and political inclination. Using different machine learning classification algorithms we investigated how the decrease or increase in death ratio for the counties in the US West Coast correlates with the input parameters. Our results showed a promising score as high as 0.94 with algorithms like XGBoost, Random Forest, and Naive Bayes. To verify the model, the best performing algorithms were then utilized to analyze other states (Arizona, New Jersey, New York and Texas) as test cases. The findings show an acceptable trend, further confirming usability of the chosen features for prediction of similar cases. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:15:30 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.04419 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2102.04419 [cs, stat] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2102.04419 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/W8GWPEUZ | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 9:15:30 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:22 |
| Autor | Giacomo Reina | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Daniel Iglesias | |
| Autor | Paolo Samorì | |
| Autor | Alberto Bianco | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-03 | |
| Abstrakt | The graphene revolution, which has taken place during the last 15 years, has represented a paradigm shift for science. The extraordinary properties possessed by this unique material have paved the road to a number of applications in materials science, optoelectronics, energy, and sensing. Graphene-related materials (GRMs) are now produced in large scale and have found niche applications also in the biomedical technologies, defining new standards for drug delivery and biosensing. Such advances position GRMs as novel tools to fight against the current COVID-19 and future pandemics. In this regard, GRMs can play a major role in sensing, as an active component in antiviral surfaces or in virucidal formulations. Herein, the most promising strategies reported in the literature on the use of GRM-based materials against the COVID-19 pandemic and other types of viruses are showcased, with a strong focus on the impact of functionalization, deposition techniques, and integration into devices and surface coatings. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 10:43:55 | |
| Publikace | Advanced Materials | |
| Krátký název | Graphene | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | 2007847 | |
| Práva | © 2021 Wiley‐VCH GmbH | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.202007847 | |
| ISSN | 1521-4095 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/adma.202007847 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HS9VU7P3 | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 10:43:55 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:33 |
| Autor | Jie Shi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yuanzuo Zou | |
| Autor | Jie-Xin Wang | |
| Autor | Xiao-Fei Zeng | |
| Autor | Guang-Wen Chu | |
| Autor | Bao-Chang Sun | |
| Autor | Dan Wang | |
| Autor | Jian-Feng Chen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-03 | |
| Abstrakt | As an important personal protective item against the COVID-19 pandemic, masks have recently attracted much attention in both academic and industrial contexts. We established a modified numerical model for investigating the dominant factors on the performance of masks, including the thickness and fill rate of melt-blown fibers for a filtering layer, as well as the diameters and surface charge density of the fibers. It is found that increasing the surface charge of melt-blown fibers can improve the filtration efficiency of the melt-blown layer with a low respiratory pressure drop. The relationship between the filtered particle diameter and filtration efficiency of respirators is also investigated, which demonstrated that particles with a diameter of 0.1–0.2 μm are the most difficult to filter out. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations and experimental verifications, the effect of hydrophobicity on the droplet adhesion and the water blocking performance was revealed. The knowledge obtained in this work provides reference for the design of high-performance masks. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 13:42:55 | |
| Publikace | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research | |
| Ročník | 60 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 1962-1971 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 0888-5885 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06232 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8ULLTMYL | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 13:42:55 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:55:14 |
| Autor | Lukas Maurer | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Davide Peris | |
| Autor | Jens Kerl | |
| Autor | Frank Guenther | |
| Autor | Dieter Koehler | |
| Autor | Dominic Dellweg | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: Many countries have introduced a compulsory use of community masks for certain public areas during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Different manufacturers offer reusable community masks in large quantities. The efficacy of these masks, however, is unknown.Method: We tested available community masks of major manufactures and determined the filtration efficacy using radioactive aerosol particles as well as air resistance with a vacuum measurement.Results: Filtration efficacy of the tested reusable community masks ranged from 34.9% ± 1.25% to 88.7% ± 1.18%. Air resistance ranged from 4.3 ± 0.06 to 122.4 ± 0.12 Pa/cm2. There was a good correlation between filtration efficacy and air resistance (Pearson correlation 0.938, p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Filtration efficacy and air resistance differ significantly between the different community masks, but the two measurements correlate well with each other within the entire test series. For optimal protection, one should select a rather airtight mask. When selecting a mask, the highest level of tolerable air resistance can be used as a selection criterion. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 16:21:01 | |
| URL | https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/jamp.2020.1635 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery | |
| Krátký název | Community Masks During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic | |
| Ročník | 34 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 11-19 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers | |
| ISSN | 1941-2711 | |
| Katalog knihovny | liebertpub.com (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1089/jamp.2020.1635 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Y2RHGTQU | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 16:21:01 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:49:26 |
| Autor | Behnam Pourdeyhimi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Simon Schick | |
| Autor | Robert Groten | |
| Autor | Hooman Vahedi Tafreshi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-02 | |
| Abstrakt | The shortage of medical masks and respirators led to an explosion of cloth mask offerings. In the absence of any regulatory requirements, and appropriate guidance, the medical masks vary greatly in their performance and have become more of a fashion item. We review the filtration mechanisms and test methods and show data on common offerings. Almost exclusively, the data suggest that cloth masks do not offer much of a protection, and many are poorly designed with only the pressure drop and fogging in mind; these compromise the performance of the entire mask. While cloth masks do not offer significant respiratory protection, it is still critical that masks are worn during pandemics regardless in that they do reduce the number of aerosols expelled by the wearer. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 15:50:30 | |
| Publikace | The Journal of Science and Medicine | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 3 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2021 The Journal of Science and Medicine | |
| Extra | Number: 1 | |
| ISSN | 2690-2656 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.josam.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | 1 | |
| DOI | 10.37714/josam.v2i4.60 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/I852CFNM | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 15:50:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:09:19 |
| Autor | Frank Drewnick | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Julia Pikmann | |
| Autor | Friederike Fachinger | |
| Autor | Lasse Moormann | |
| Autor | Fiona Sprang | |
| Autor | Stephan Borrmann | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-02 | |
| Abstrakt | As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the widespread daily use of face masks is promoted worldwide. Particle-size dependent filtration efficiencies (FE; dp = 30 nm–10 µm), applying a particle counting approach, and additionally pressure drops (Δp) were determined for 44 samples of household materials and several medical masks. Huge FE differences were found between sample materials and for different particle sizes, spanning from <10% up to almost 100%. Minimum FE were determined for dp = 50–500 nm particles with significantly larger values for dp = 30 nm particles and especially for those with dp > 2.5 µm. Measurements at different numbers of layers showed that stacks of textiles can be treated as separate filters and total FE and Δp can readily be estimated from the features of the individual layers, leaving laborious measurements of individual combinations obsolete. For many materials, electrostatic attraction contributes strongly to overall FE for particles up to 100 nm diameter. Measurements with defined leaks showed that already a small fractional leak area of 1–2% can strongly deteriorate total FE. This is especially the case for particles smaller than 5 µm diameter, where FE dropped by 50% or even two thirds. Our measurements show that by stacking an adequate number of layers of many fabrics, decent filtration efficiencies can be reached for homemade face masks over large particle size ranges with acceptable pressure drop across the material. Very important, however, is good fit of the masks to minimize leak flows and selection of non-hazardous mask material. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:21:35 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Krátký název | Aerosol filtration efficiency of household materials for homemade face masks | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 63-79 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1817846 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2020.1817846 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2DLPNCQA | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:48:02 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:44:16 |
| Autor | Luka Pirker | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anja Pogačnik Krajnc | |
| Autor | Jan Malec | |
| Autor | Vladimir Radulović | |
| Autor | Anton Gradišek | |
| Autor | Andreja Jelen | |
| Autor | Maja Remškar | |
| Autor | Igor B. Mekjavić | |
| Autor | Janez Kovač | |
| Autor | Miran Mozetič | |
| Autor | Luka Snoj | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-01 | |
| Abstrakt | ABSTRACT: Ionizing radiation has been identified as an option for sterilization of disposable filtering facepiece respirators in situations where the production of the respirators cannot keep up with demand. Gamma radiation and high energy electrons penetrate deeply into the material and can be used to sterilize large batches of masks within a short time period. In relation to reports that sterilization by ionizing radiation reduces filtration efficiency of polypropylene membrane filters on account of static charge loss, we have demonstrated that both gamma and electron beam irradiation can be used for sterilization, provided that the respirators are recharged afterwards. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:41:14 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Membrane Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 619 | |
| Rozsah | 118756 | |
| ISSN | 0376-7388 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Membrane Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118756 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UNUL5YWJ | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 9:41:14 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:58:10 |
| Autor | Soumya Nagashri Manjunath | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | M. Sakar | |
| Autor | Manmohan Katapadi | |
| Autor | R. Geetha Balakrishna | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus pandemic has created havoc in the world. COVID-19 is now officially labeled as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is equally important to combat the virus both inside the human body as well as in the environment. These viruses, being RNA viruses, are found to be susceptible to ozone. Ozone being an unstable molecule can breakup into its split products namely reactive oxygen species and ozonides creating a toxic environment for these viruses. Ozone mainly prevents the membrane fusion with the host cell, thus interfering with their replication. With vast applications of the gas, it has created a new spark in the field of medicine in combating these viruses and many other organisms. In this context, this article provides insights from recent clinical and research studies on the problems and possibilities in employing the ozone to combat the coronaviruses. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 16:03:03 | |
| URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352186420316138 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Technology & Innovation | |
| Krátký název | Recent case studies on the use of ozone to combat coronavirus | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Rozsah | 101313 | |
| ISSN | 2352-1864 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environmental Technology & Innovation | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101313 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8EHWFFGS | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 16:03:03 | |
| Upraveno | 25. 3. 2021 16:03:20 |
| Autor | David H. Ballard | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka | |
| Autor | Kathleen W. Meacham | |
| Autor | Mark J. Hoegger | |
| Autor | Broc A. Burke | |
| Autor | Jason A. Morris | |
| Autor | Alexander R. Scott | |
| Autor | Zachary O'Connor | |
| Autor | Connie Gan | |
| Autor | Jesse Hu | |
| Autor | Karthik Tappa | |
| Autor | Richard L. Wahl | |
| Autor | Pamela K. Woodard | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Rationale and Objective Three-dimensional (3D) printing allows innovative solutions for personal protective equipment, particularly in times of crisis. Our goal was to generate an N95-alternative 3D-printed respirator that passed Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-certified quantitative fit testing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods 3D printed prototypes for N95 solutions were created based on the design of commercial N95 respirators. Computed tomography imaging was performed on an anthropomorphic head phantom wearing a commercially available N95 respirator and these facial contour data was used in mask prototyping. Prototypes were generated using rigid and flexible polymers. According to OSHA standards, prototypes underwent subsequent quantitative respirator fit testing on volunteers who passed fit tests on commercial N95 respirators. Results A total of 10 prototypes were 3D printed using both rigid (n = 5 designs) and flexible materials (n = 5 designs), Prototypes generated with rigid printing materials (n = 5 designs) did not pass quantitative respirator fit testing. Three of the five prototypes with flexible materials failed quantitative fit testing. The final two prototypes designs passed OSHA-certified quantitative fit tests with an overall mean fit factor of 138 (passing is over 100). Conclusion Through rapid prototyping, 3D printed N95 alternative masks were designed with topographical facial computed tomography data to create mask facial contour and passed OSHA-certified quantitative respiratory testing when flexible polymer was used. This mask design may provide an alternative to disposable N95 respirators in case of pandemic-related shortages. Furthermore, this approach may allow customization for those that would otherwise fail fit testing on standard commercial respirators. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:52:05 | |
| Publikace | Academic Radiology | |
| Krátký název | Quantitative Fit Tested N95 Respirator-Alternatives Generated With CT Imaging and 3D Printing | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 28 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 158-165 | |
| ISSN | 1076-6332 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Academic Radiology | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.acra.2020.11.005 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Z4IFBALB | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:36:02 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:43:52 |
| Autor | William G. Schultheis | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | James E. Sharpe | |
| Autor | Qiang Zhang | |
| Autor | Samir N. Patel | |
| Autor | Ajay E. Kuriyan | |
| Autor | Allen Chiang | |
| Autor | Sunir J. Garg | |
| Autor | Jason Hsu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-31 | |
| Abstrakt | Purpose : To determine the effect of taping the top of face masks on air particle counts directed toward the eye during simulated intravitreal injections. Design : Prospective observational crossover study. Methods : Thirteen healthy subjects were recruited. Each wore a cloth, surgical, or N95 mask in randomized order. The number of air particles were quantified using a particle counter suspended over the right eye while each subject breathed normally, deeply, or spoke using a standardized script. Particle counts were obtained with the top of each mask taped and untaped. The main outcome measurements were particle counts in the size classes of 0.3 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 3 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, and total particle count. Results : Taping cloth masks while subjects were speaking significantly reduced particle counts for the size classes of 0.3 μm (p=0.03), 0.5 μm (p=0.01), 1 μm (p=0.03), and total particle counts (p=0.008) compared to no taping. Taping the top of cloth masks during normal or deep breathing did not significantly affect particle counts compared to no taping. Taping the top of surgical or N95 masks did not significantly alter particle counts for any breathing condition tested. Conclusions : Taping the top of cloth masks prior to simulated intravitreal injections significantly reduced air particle counts directed toward the eye when subjects were speaking compared to no taping. This may have implications for decreasing air particles reaching the eye during intravitreal injections, including aerosolized droplets from a patient's mouth that may carry oral pathogens. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 12:45:42 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Ophthalmology | |
| Krátký název | Effect of Taping Face Masks on Quantitative Particle Counts Near the Eye | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0002-9394 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | American Journal of Ophthalmology | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.01.021 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/SDLL6MLT | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 12:45:43 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:50:35 |
| Autor | Eugenia O’Kelly | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anmol Arora | |
| Autor | James Ward | |
| Autor | P. John Clarkson | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-01-31 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction There is a growing body of evidence to support the wearing of face masks to reduce spread of infectious respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. However, the literature exploring the effectiveness of homemade fabric face masks is still in its infancy. Developing an evidence base is an important step to ensure that public policy is evidence based and truly effective. Methods Two methodologies were used in this study: quantitative fit testing of various face masks to indicate their effectiveness and a survey of 710 US residents about their perceptions of face mask effectiveness. N95, surgical and two fabric face masks were tested on an individual twenty five times each using a TSI 8038+ machine. Our survey was distributed by Qualtrics XM, asking participants to estimate the effectiveness of N95, surgical and fabric face masks. Results and Discussion Our results indicate that fabric face masks blocked between 62.6% and 87.1% of fine particles, whereas surgical masks protected against an average of 78.2% of fine particles. N95 masks blocked 99.6% of fine particles. Survey respondents tended to underestimate the effectiveness of masks, especially fabric masks. Together these results suggest that fabric masks may be a useful tool in the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and that increasing public awareness of the effectiveness of fabric masks may help in this endeavour. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 13:02:36 | |
| URL | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.21250645v1 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.01.27.21250645 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Company: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.27.21250645 Distributor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Label: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | medRxiv | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7P72PKSC | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 13:02:36 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:02:36 |
| Autor | Nurul Azmawati Mohamed | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Wan Shahida Wan Sulaiman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-31 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) have become a major pandemic and a gruesome burden worldwide. The infection is easily spread through respiratory droplets from infected individuals during coughing, sneezing or talking. People in their vicinity, within 1-meter distance, can get infected by breathing contaminated air and touching the contaminated surfaces or hands. WHO encouraged the use of facemasks in the community, together with regular hand washing with soap and social distancing to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. However, with the many types of facemasks available in the markets, it remains debatable as to which ones are the most effective in curbing the transmission of the disease. This paper reviews available literature on the types of face masks, their effectiveness in filtering droplets and the advantages and disadvantages of using disposable and fabric masks. As found out, the most superior mask is the N95 type, with a filtration rate of 95% of 0.3 micron particles. However, for respiratory droplets, which particle size is from 5 to 10 microns, a surgical mask is adequate with a filtration rate of 90% of 3 micron particles. Due to disposal and cost concerns, surgical masks are recommended to be used only by health care workers. Three-layer cotton masks offer almost the same filtration rate as surgical mask and are recommended by WHO to be used in the community to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Surgical masks and 3-layered cotton masks are effective in preventing droplet transmission from infected to healthy individuals. To prevent COVID-19, the public should be reminded continuously on the proper use and disposal of masks, regular hand washing and physical distancing. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 13:47:38 | |
| URL | https://mjosht.usim.edu.my/index.php/mjosht/article/view/125 | |
| Publikace | Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2021 Nurul Azmawati Mohamed, Wan Shahida Wan Sulaiman | |
| ISSN | 2601-0003 | |
| Katalog knihovny | mjosht.usim.edu.my | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | MJoSHT | |
| DOI | 10.33102/mjosht.v6i.125 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/GKHYT52C | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 13:24:29 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:53:59 |
| Autor | Sejin Choi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hyeonyeol Jeon | |
| Autor | Min Jang | |
| Autor | Hyeri Kim | |
| Autor | Giyoung Shin | |
| Autor | Jun Mo Koo | |
| Autor | Minkyung Lee | |
| Autor | Hye Kyeong Sung | |
| Autor | Youngho Eom | |
| Autor | Ho-Sung Yang | |
| Autor | Jonggeon Jegal | |
| Autor | Jeyoung Park | |
| Autor | Dongyeop X. Oh | |
| Autor | Sung Yeon Hwang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-29 | |
| Abstrakt | The demand for face masks is increasing exponentially due to the coronavirus pandemic and issues associated with airborne particulate matter (PM). However, both conventional electrostatic- and nanosieve-based mask filters are single-use and are not degradable or recyclable, which creates serious waste problems. In addition, the former loses function under humid conditions, while the latter operates with a significant air-pressure drop and suffers from relatively fast pore blockage. Herein, a biodegradable, moisture-resistant, highly breathable, and high-performance fibrous mask filter is developed. Briefly, two biodegradable microfiber and nanofiber mats are integrated into a Janus membrane filter and then coated by cationically charged chitosan nanowhiskers. This filter is as efficient as the commercial N95 filter and removes 98.3% of 2.5 µm PM. The nanofiber physically sieves fine PM and the microfiber provides a low pressure differential of 59 Pa, which is comfortable for human breathing. In contrast to the dramatic performance decline of the commercial N95 filter when exposed to moisture, this filter exhibits negligible performance loss and is therefore multi-usable because the permanent dipoles of the chitosan adsorb ultrafine PM (e.g., nitrogen and sulfur oxides). Importantly, this filter completely decomposes within 4 weeks in composting soil. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 10:38:27 | |
| Publikace | Advanced Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 8 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 2003155 | |
| Práva | © 2021 The Authors. Published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/advs.202003155 | |
| ISSN | 2198-3844 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/advs.202003155 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/T52ZWEZX | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 10:38:27 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:11:20 |
Copyright - © 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Název - Public Broadcasting Service
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-03-17
| Autor | Jeremy Howard | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Austin Huang | |
| Autor | Zhiyuan Li | |
| Autor | Zeynep Tufekci | |
| Autor | Vladimir Zdimal | |
| Autor | Helene-Mari van der Westhuizen | |
| Autor | Arne von Delft | |
| Autor | Amy Price | |
| Autor | Lex Fridman | |
| Autor | Lei-Han Tang | |
| Autor | Viola Tang | |
| Autor | Gregory L. Watson | |
| Autor | Christina E. Bax | |
| Autor | Reshama Shaikh | |
| Autor | Frederik Questier | |
| Autor | Danny Hernandez | |
| Autor | Larry F. Chu | |
| Autor | Christina M. Ramirez | |
| Autor | Anne W. Rimoin | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-26 | |
| Abstrakt | The science around the use of masks by the public to impede COVID-19 transmission is advancing rapidly. In this narrative review, we develop an analytical framework to examine mask usage, synthesizing the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: population impact, transmission characteristics, source control, wearer protection, sociological considerations, and implementation considerations. A primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is via respiratory particles, and it is known to be transmissible from presymptomatic, paucisymptomatic, and asymptomatic individuals. Reducing disease spread requires two things: limiting contacts of infected individuals via physical distancing and other measures and reducing the transmission probability per contact. The preponderance of evidence indicates that mask wearing reduces transmissibility per contact by reducing transmission of infected respiratory particles in both laboratory and clinical contexts. Public mask wearing is most effective at reducing spread of the virus when compliance is high. Given the current shortages of medical masks, we recommend the adoption of public cloth mask wearing, as an effective form of source control, in conjunction with existing hygiene, distancing, and contact tracing strategies. Because many respiratory particles become smaller due to evaporation, we recommend increasing focus on a previously overlooked aspect of mask usage: mask wearing by infectious people (“source control”) with benefits at the population level, rather than only mask wearing by susceptible people, such as health care workers, with focus on individual outcomes. We recommend that public officials and governments strongly encourage the use of widespread face masks in public, including the use of appropriate regulation. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 10:16:08 | |
| Publikace | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 118 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Práva | © 2021 . https://www.pnas.org/site/aboutpnas/licenses.xhtmlPublished under the PNAS license. | |
| Extra | Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Section: Perspective PMID: 33431650 | |
| ISSN | 1091-6490 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.pnas.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PNAS | |
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2014564118 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3RZK3BB4 | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 10:16:08 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:48:47 |
| Autor | Sumiyo Hiruma | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yuuki Hata | |
| Autor | Masayuki Ishihara | |
| Autor | Tomohiro Takayama | |
| Autor | Shingo Nakamura | |
| Autor | Naoko Ando | |
| Autor | Koichi Fukuda | |
| Autor | Yoko Sato | |
| Autor | Kaoru Murakami | |
| Autor | Hidetaka Yokoe | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) is derived from scallop shells and after heat treatment exhibits broad microbicidal activity. BiSCaO Water is a disinfectant prepared by collecting the aqueous layer after adding BiSCaO powder to water, is colorless and transparent, and has a pH of 12.8. We compared the utility of commercially available BiSCaO Water, ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid and hydrogen peroxide solutions as sterilization agents to enable the reuse of surgical and N95 face masks. The microbicidal efficacy of each disinfectant was evaluated using pieces of surgical and N95 face masks contaminated with normal bacterial flora. The results suggest that BiSCaO Water has excellent disinfection activity toward contaminated polypropylene masks and has minimal adverse effect on the structure of non-woven masks. | |
| Publikace | Biocontrol Science | |
| Ročník | 26 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 27-35 | |
| Katalog knihovny | J-Stage | |
| DOI | 10.4265/bio.26.27 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EUJCK4UU | |
| Datum přidání | 26. 3. 2021 10:08:37 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 10:08:56 |
| Autor | Eugenia O’Kelly | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anmol Arora | |
| Autor | Sophia Pirog | |
| Autor | James Ward | |
| Autor | P. John Clarkson | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-22 | |
| Abstrakt | <h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> <p>With much of the public around the world depending on fabric face masks to protect themselves and others, it is essential to understand how the protective ability of fabric masks can be enhanced. This study evaluated the protection offered by eighteen fabric masks designs. In addition, it assessed the benefit of including three design features: insert filters, surgical mask underlayers, and nose wires.</p><h3>Methods</h3> <p>Quantitative fit tests were conducted on different masks and with some additional design features. An array of fabric masks were tested on a single participant to account for variability in face shapes. The effects of insert filters, surgical mask underlayers and nose wires were also assessed.</p><h3>Results</h3> <p>As expected, the fabric masks offered low degrees of protection; however, alterations in design showed significant increase in their protective ability. The most effective designs were multi-layered masks that fit tightly to the face and lacked dead space between the user and mask. Also, low air-resistance insert filters and surgical mask underlays provided the greatest increase in protection.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3> <p>Our findings indicate substantial heterogeneity in the protection offered by various fabric face masks. We also note some design features which may enhance the protection these masks offer.</p> | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:10:03 | |
| URL | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.21.20228569v1 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Krátký název | Improving Fabric Face Masks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.01.21.20228569 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2021.01.21.20228569 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4ECMRNI3 | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:10:03 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 8:10:03 |
| Autor | Eugenia O’Kelly | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anmol Arora | |
| Autor | Sophia Pirog | |
| Autor | James Ward | |
| Autor | P. John Clarkson | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has made well-fitting face masks a critical piece of protective equipment for healthcare workers and civilians. While the importance of wearing face masks has been acknowledged, there remains a lack of understanding about the role of good fit in rendering protective equipment useful. In addition, supply chain constraints have caused some organizations to abandon traditional quantitative or/and qualitative fit testing, and instead, have implemented subjective fit checking. Our study seeks to quantitatively evaluate the level of fit offered by various types of masks, and most importantly, assess the accuracy of implementing fit checks by comparing fit check results to quantitative fit testing results. Methods Seven participants first evaluated N95 and KN95 respirators by performing a fit check. Participants then underwent quantitative fit testing wearing five N95 respirators, a KN95 respirator, a surgical mask, and fabric masks. Results N95 respirators offered higher degrees of protection than the other categories of masks tested; however, it should be noted that most N95 respirators failed to fit the participants adequately. Fit check responses had poor correlation with quantitative fit factor scores. KN95, surgical, and fabric masks achieved low fit factor scores, with little protective difference recorded between respiratory protection options. In addition, small facial differences were observed to have a significant impact on quantitative fit. Conclusion Fit is critical to the level of protection offered by respirators. For an N95 respirator to provide the promised protection, it must fit the participant. Performing a fit check via NHS self-assessment guidelines was an unreliable way of determining fit. | |
| Přístup | 4. 5. 2021 9:12:09 | |
| Publikace | PLOS ONE | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | e0245688 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS ONE | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0245688 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TP7MX8ND | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 9:12:09 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 16:03:07 |
| Autor | Marcelo Muñoz | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Maxime Comtois-Bona | |
| Autor | David Cortes | |
| Autor | Cagla Eren Cimenci | |
| Autor | Qiujiang Du | |
| Autor | Collin Thompson | |
| Autor | Juan David Figueroa | |
| Autor | Vivian Franklin | |
| Autor | Peter Liu | |
| Autor | Emilio I. Alarcon | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-19 | |
| Abstrakt | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the COVID-19 global pandemic has infected over 25 million people worldwide and resulted in the death of millions. The COVID-19 pandemic has also resulted in a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) in many regions around the world, particularly in middle- and low-income countries. The shortages of PPE, such as N95 respirators, is something that will persist until an effective vaccine is made available. Thus, devices that while being easy to operate can also be rapidly deployed in health centers, and long-term residences without the need for major structural overhaul are instrumental to sustainably use N95 respirators. In this report, we present the design and validation of a decontamination device that combines UV-C & B irradiation with mild-temperature treatment. The device can decontaminate up to 20 masks in a cycle of < 30 min. The decontamination process did not damage or reduce the filtering capacity of the masks. Further, the efficacy of the device to eliminate microbes and viruses from the masks was also evaluated. The photothermal treatment of our device was capable of eradicating > 99.9999% of the bacteria and > 99.99% of the virus tested. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:29:33 | |
| Publikace | Scientific Reports | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 1822 | |
| Práva | 2021 The Author(s) | |
| Extra | Number: 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group | |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.nature.com | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-020-80908-8 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2264VTTV | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 9:29:33 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:00:22 |
| Autor | K. Sugihara | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-15 | |
| Abstrakt | N95 respirators, used in the current COVID-19 pandemic, filter virus-containing aerosols using the static electricity of melt-blown polypropylene sheets. Their shortage at hospitals demands their recycling, but the standard sterilization methods, including alcohol spraying, washing, autoclaving, and heating in hot water, cannot be easily implemented because they compromise the electrostatic charges and thus their filtering effect. We report that a van de Graaff generator, commonly used for the demonstration of static electricity, can be used as a safe, cheap and quick method to recover the polypropylene electric charges that are lost during sterilization processes. We will show that this recharge also restores the masks’ filtering function. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:05:34 | |
| Publikace | Soft Matter | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 17 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 10-15 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry | |
| Katalog knihovny | pubs.rsc.org | |
| DOI | 10.1039/D0SM02004D | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CIEUWFBD | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:05:34 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:08:59 |
| Autor | M. Garcia-Haro | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | C. Bischofberger Valdés | |
| Autor | J. Vicente-Guijarro | |
| Autor | C. Díaz-Agero Pérez | |
| Autor | M. Fabregate-Fuente | |
| Autor | P. Moreno-Nunez | |
| Autor | J. M. Aranaz-Andrés | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Background The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused problems with respirator supplies. Re-use may minimize the impact of the shortage, but requires the availability of an efficient and safe decontamination method. Aim To determine whether low-temperature-steam–2%-formaldehyde (LTSF) sterilization is effective, preserves the properties of filtering facepiece (FFP) respirators and allows safe re-use. Methods Fourteen unused FFP2, FFP3 and N95 respirator models were subjected to two cycles of decontamination cycles. After the second cycle, each model was inspected visually and accumulated residual formaldehyde levels were analysed according to EN 14180. After one and two decontamination cycles, the fit factor (FF) of each model was tested, and penetration tests with sodium chloride aerosols were performed on five models. Findings Decontamination physically altered three of the 14 models. All of the residual formaldehyde values were below the permissible threshold. Irregular decreases and increases in FF were observed after each decontamination cycle. In the sodium chloride aerosol penetration test, three models obtained equivalent or superior results to those of the FFP classification with which they were marketed, both at baseline and after one and two cycles of decontamination, and two models had lower filtering capacity. Conclusion One and two decontamination cycles using LTSF did not alter the structure of most (11/14) respirators tested, and did not degrade the fit or filtration capacity of any of the analysed respirators. The residual formaldehyde levels complied with EN 14180. This reprocessing method could be used in times of shortage of personal protective equipment. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 16:25:06 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| Krátký název | Decontamination of filtering facepiece respirators using a low-temperature-steam–2%-formaldehyde sterilization process during a pandemic | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 108 | |
| Rozsah | 113-119 | |
| ISSN | 0195-6701 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.10.024 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DTGLAS3T | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:36:02 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:50:39 |
| Autor | Mamata Karmacharya | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sumit Kumar | |
| Autor | Oleksandra Gulenko | |
| Autor | Yoon-Kyoung Cho | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-14 | |
| Abstrakt | The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has transformed the daily lifestyles of people worldwide. COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic owing to its global spread, and technologies based on engineered materials that help to reduce the spread of infections have been reported. Nanotechnology present in materials with enhanced physicochemical properties and versatile chemical functionalization offer numerous ways to combat the disease. Facemasks are a reliable preventive measure, although they are not 100% effective against viral infections. Nonwoven materials, which are the key components of masks, act as barriers to the virus through filtration. However, there is a high chance of cross-infection because the used mask lacks virucidal properties and can become an additional source of infection. The combination of antiviral and filtration properties enhances the durability and reliability of masks, thereby reducing the likelihood of cross-infection. In this review, we focus on masks, from the manufacturing stage to practical applications, and their abilities to combat COVID-19. Herein, we discuss the impacts of masks on the environment, while considering safe industrial production in the future. Furthermore, we discuss available options for future research directions that do not negatively impact the environment. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 15:59:01 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Bio Materials | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Bio Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsabm.0c01329 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5RDQNEXX | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 15:59:01 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 16:03:57 |
| Autor | Jincheng Wei | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shurui Guo | |
| Autor | Enshen Long | |
| Autor | Li Zhang | |
| Autor | Bizhen Shu | |
| Autor | Lei Guo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-14 | |
| Abstrakt | The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by it has forced many countries to adopt ‘lockdown’ measures to prevent the spread of the epidemic through social isolation of citizens. Some countries proposed universal mask wearing as a protection measure of public health to strengthen national prevention efforts and to limit the wider spread of the epidemic. In order to reveal the epidemic prevention efficacy of masks, this paper systematically evaluates the experimental studies of various masks and filter materials, summarises the general characteristics of the filtration efficiency of isolation masks with particle size, and reveals the actual efficacy of masks by combining the volume distribution characteristics of human exhaled droplets with different particle sizes and the SARS-CoV-2 virus load of nasopharynx and throat swabs from patients. The existing measured data show that the filtration efficiency of all kinds of masks for large particles and extra-large droplets is close to 100%. From the perspective of filtering the total number of pathogens discharged in the environment and protecting vulnerable individuals from breathing live viruses, the mask has a higher protective effect. If considering the weighted average filtration efficiency with different particle sizes, the filtration efficiencies of the N95 mask and the ordinary mask are 99.4% and 98.5%, respectively. The mask can avoid releasing active viruses to the environment from the source of infection, thus maximising the protection of vulnerable individuals by reducing the probability of inhaling a virus. Therefore, if the whole society strictly implements the policy of publicly wearing masks, the risk of large-scale spread of the epidemic can be greatly reduced. Compared with the overall cost of social isolation, limited personal freedoms and forced suspension of economic activities, the inconvenience for citizens caused by wearing masks is perfectly acceptable. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 16:04:01 | |
| Publikace | Epidemiology & Infection | |
| Krátký název | Why does the spread of COVID-19 vary greatly in different countries? | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 149 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cambridge University Press | |
| ISSN | 1469-4409 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Cambridge University Press | |
| DOI | 10.1017/S0950268821000108 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WWYPQDA5 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 16:04:01 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 16:03:52 |
| Autor | Loïc Anderegg | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | John Doyle | |
| Autor | Margaret L. Gardel | |
| Autor | Amit Gupta | |
| Autor | Christian Hallas | |
| Autor | Yuri Lensky | |
| Autor | Nancy G. Love | |
| Autor | Bronwyn A. Lucas | |
| Autor | Edward Mazenc | |
| Autor | Cole Meisenhelder | |
| Autor | Ajay Pillarisetti | |
| Autor | Daniel Ranard | |
| Autor | Allison H. Squires | |
| Autor | Jessica Vechakul | |
| Autor | Nathaniel B. Vilas | |
| Autor | Stuart Williams | |
| Autor | Daniel Wilson | |
| Autor | Tyler N. Chen | |
| Autor | Miral Abbas | |
| Autor | James Agalloc | |
| Autor | Poonam Agarwal | |
| Autor | Carlo Alberto Amadei | |
| Autor | Nicolas Altemose | |
| Autor | Nathan Alves | |
| Autor | Loïc Anderegg | |
| Autor | Katherine Andrews | |
| Autor | Tom Baer | |
| Autor | Halleh Balch | |
| Autor | Samhita Banavar | |
| Autor | Yicheng Bao | |
| Autor | Sumner Barenberg | |
| Autor | Ashvind Bawa | |
| Autor | Arnab Bhattacharya | |
| Autor | Antara Raaghavi Bhattacharya | |
| Autor | Felicity Billings | |
| Autor | Daniel Blair | |
| Autor | Juan Blanco-Morillo | |
| Autor | Nicky Blobel | |
| Autor | Ruparelia Chandrakant | |
| Autor | Flora Chen | |
| Autor | Tyler Chen | |
| Autor | Kezi Cheng | |
| Autor | Chris Chidsey | |
| Autor | Avilash Cramer | |
| Autor | Yoshika Crider | |
| Autor | Jill Crittenden | |
| Autor | Kieran Culligan | |
| Autor | Camille Cunin | |
| Autor | Sabina de los Diaz | |
| Autor | Xuelai (Shelly) Dong | |
| Autor | Siddharth Doshi | |
| Autor | John Doyle | |
| Autor | Hana El-Samad | |
| Autor | Mazzin Elsamaloty | |
| Autor | Christina Fast | |
| Autor | Eliott Flaum | |
| Autor | Brian Fleischer | |
| Autor | Kevin Fu | |
| Autor | Margaret Gardel | |
| Autor | Alisha Geldert | |
| Autor | Joly Ghanawi | |
| Autor | Peter Girguis | |
| Autor | Anjali Gopal | |
| Autor | Samantha Grist | |
| Autor | Amit Gupta | |
| Autor | Rebecca Hamilton | |
| Autor | Matthias Hernandez | |
| Autor | Amy Herr | |
| Autor | Stella Hines | |
| Autor | Grace Hu | |
| Autor | Sonia Iosim | |
| Autor | Irina Lebedeva | |
| Autor | Andrea Jacobo | |
| Autor | Kyle Kessler | |
| Autor | Nikita Khlystov | |
| Autor | Minsoo Kim | |
| Autor | Marcy Konja | |
| Autor | Shailabh Kumar | |
| Autor | Laura Kwong | |
| Autor | Daniel Lee | |
| Autor | Roger LeMesurier | |
| Autor | Yuri Lensky | |
| Autor | Larissa Little | |
| Autor | Jason Liu | |
| Autor | Amanda Loutris | |
| Autor | Nancy Love | |
| Autor | Jenny Mao | |
| Autor | Lydia Marik | |
| Autor | Simone Marini | |
| Autor | Brie Martin | |
| Autor | Joanne Mathew | |
| Autor | Edward Mazenc | |
| Autor | Cole Meisenhelder | |
| Autor | Karina Mondragon-Shem | |
| Autor | Orhun Muratoglu | |
| Autor | Dhanya Nambiar | |
| Autor | Fran Nargi | |
| Autor | Adam Okada | |
| Autor | Jassi Pannu | |
| Autor | Lalitha Parameswaran | |
| Autor | Claudia Paredes-Esquivel | |
| Autor | Ajay Pillarisetti | |
| Autor | Helen Pitchik | |
| Autor | Deborah Plana | |
| Autor | Clare Ploucha | |
| Autor | Manu Prakash | |
| Autor | Andrew Preecha | |
| Autor | Rajan Puri | |
| Autor | Ann Quaicoe | |
| Autor | Sara Rampazzi | |
| Autor | Daniel Ranard | |
| Autor | Tyler Ray | |
| Autor | Bryan Reid | |
| Autor | David Rempel | |
| Autor | David Robinowitz | |
| Autor | Jaspal Sandhu | |
| Autor | Walter Schneider | |
| Autor | Nexus Sea | |
| Autor | Jared Shless | |
| Autor | Sylvia Smullin | |
| Autor | Ari Solomon | |
| Autor | Nichole Starr | |
| Autor | Ashley Styczynski | |
| Autor | Alison Su | |
| Autor | Selena Sun | |
| Autor | Catherine Tang | |
| Autor | Rachel Tham | |
| Autor | Maryann C. Tung | |
| Autor | Nathaniel Vilas | |
| Autor | Winnie Wang | |
| Autor | Thomas G Weiser | |
| Autor | Derek Wetmore | |
| Autor | Stuart Williams | |
| Autor | Robert Wilson | |
| Autor | Helen Yang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-13 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global shortage of single-use N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). A combination of heat and humidity is a promising method for N95 FFR decontamination in crisis-capacity conditions; however, an understanding of its effect on viral inactivation and N95 respirator function is crucial to achieving effective decontamination.Objective: We reviewed the scientific literature on heat-based methods for decontamination of N95 FFRs contaminated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and viral analogues. We identified key parameters for SARS-CoV-2 bioburden reduction while preserving N95 fit and filtration, as well as methods that are likely ineffective.Key Findings: Viral inactivation by humid heat is highly sensitive to temperature, humidity, duration of exposure, and the local microenvironment (e.g., dried saliva). A process that achieves temperatures of 70–85°C and relative humidity >50% for at least 30 min is likely to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 (>3-log reduction) on N95 respirators while maintaining fit and filtration efficiency for three to five cycles. Dry heat is significantly less effective. Microwave-generated steam is another promising approach, although less studied, whereas 121°C autoclave treatments may damage some N95 FFRs. Humid heat will not inactivate all microorganisms, so reprocessed N95 respirators should be reused only by the original user.Conclusions: Effective bioburden reduction on N95 FFRs during the COVID-19 pandemic requires inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and preservation of N95 fit and filtration. The literature suggests that humid heat protocols can achieve effective bioburden reduction. Proper industrial hygiene, biosafety controls, and clear protocols are required to reduce the risks of N95 reprocessing and reuse. | |
| Přístup | 11. 2. 2021 13:48:18 | |
| Publikace | Applied Biosafety | |
| Extra | Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers | |
| ISSN | 1535-6760 | |
| Katalog knihovny | liebertpub.com (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1089/apb.20.0053 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5ZGZDYJZ | |
| Datum přidání | 11. 2. 2021 13:48:18 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:50 |
| Autor | Suvajyoti Guha | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alexander Herman | |
| Autor | Ian A. Carr | |
| Autor | Daniel Porter | |
| Autor | Rucha Natu | |
| Autor | Shayna Berman | |
| Autor | Matthew R. Myers | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-13 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Face coverings constitute an important strategy for containing pandemics, such as COVID-19. Infection from airborne respiratory viruses including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can occur in at least three modes; tiny and/or dried aerosols (typically < 1.0 mu m) generated through multiple mechanisms including talking, breathing, singing, large droplets (> 0.5 mu m) generated during coughing and sneezing, and macro drops transmitted via fomites. While there is a growing number of studies looking at the performance of household materials against some of these situations, to date, there has not been any systematic characterization of household materials against all three modes. Methods A three-step methodology was developed and used to characterize the performance of 21 different household materials with various material compositions (e.g. cotton, polyester, polypropylene, cellulose and blends) using submicron sodium chloride aerosols, water droplets, and mucous mimicking macro droplets over an aerosol-droplet size range of similar to 20 nm to 0.6 cm. Results Except for one thousand-thread-count cotton, most single-layered materials had filtration efficiencies < 20% for sub-micron solid aerosols. However, several of these materials stopped > 80% of larger droplets, even at sneeze-velocities of up to 1700 cm/s. Three or four layers of the same material, or combination materials, would be required to stop macro droplets from permeating out or into the face covering. Such materials can also be boiled for reuse. Conclusion Four layers of loosely knit or woven fabrics independent of the composition (e.g. cotton, polyester, nylon or blends) are likely to be effective source controls. One layer of tightly woven fabrics combined with multiple layers of loosely knit or woven fabrics in addition to being source controls can have sub-micron filtration efficiencies > 40% and may offer some protection to the wearer. However, the pressure drop across such fabrics can be high (> 100 Pa). | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:56:58 | |
| Publikace | Plos One | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | e0244626 | |
| Extra | Place: San Francisco Publisher: Public Library Science WOS:000609985300046 | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLoS One | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0244626 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7QEBNWZK | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:56:58 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:50:31 |
| Autor | Kevin Michael Swiatek | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Charnetta Lester | |
| Autor | Nicole Ng | |
| Autor | Saahil Golia | |
| Autor | Janet Pinson | |
| Autor | Dan Grinnan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-07 | |
| Abstrakt | Our objective was to establish the impact of wearing a face mask on the outcome of six-minute walk test in healthy volunteers. In a study of 20 healthy volunteers who each completed two 6MWTs, one with a mask and one without, there was no difference in distance walked. However, there was a significant difference in perception of dyspnea between the two groups. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 13:18:34 | |
| Publikace | Pulmonary Circulation | |
| Krátký název | EXPRESS | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd STM | |
| ISSN | 2045-8940 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Pulm Circ | |
| DOI | 10.1177/2045894020988437 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QZ52R2NK | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:18:34 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:54:19 |
| Autor | Cláudia M. Botelho | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Margarida M. Fernandes | |
| Autor | Jefferson M. Souza | |
| Autor | Nicolina Dias | |
| Autor | Ana M. Sousa | |
| Autor | José A. Teixeira | |
| Autor | Raul Fangueiro | |
| Autor | Andrea Zille | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Fabric structures are prone to contamination with microorganisms, as their morphology and ability to retain moisture creates a proper environment for their growth. In this work, a novel, easily processed and cheap coating for a nylon fabric with antimicrobial characteristics was developed. After plasma treatment, made to render the fabric surface more reactive sites, the fabric was impregnated with chitosan and silver nanoparticles by simply dipping it into a mixture of different concentrations of both components. Silver nanoparticles were previously synthesized using the Lee–Meisel method, and their successful obtention was proven by UV–Vis, showing the presence of the surface plasmon resonance band at 410 nm. Nanoparticles with 25 nm average diameter observed by STEM were stable, mainly in the presence of chitosan, which acted as a surfactant for silver nanoparticles, avoiding their aggregation. The impregnated fabric possessed bactericidal activity higher for Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus than for Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria for all combinations. The percentage of live S. aureus and P. aeruginosa CFU was reduced to less than 20% and 60%, respectively, when exposed to each of the coating combinations. The effect was more pronounced when both chitosan and silver were present in the coating, suggesting an effective synergy between these components. After a washing process, the antimicrobial effect was highly reduced, suggesting that the coating is unstable after washing, being almost completely removed from the fabric. Nevertheless, the new-coated fabric can be successfully used in single-use face masks. To our knowledge, the coating of nylon fabrics intended for face-mask material with both agents has never been reported. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 14:51:37 | |
| Publikace | Fibers | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 9 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 3 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Místo v archivu | 2476570216 | |
| Extra | Number: 1 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/fib9010003 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3P4BGX34 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:11:54 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:56:52 |
Copyright - © 2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-01-11
| Autor | Elena Criscuolo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Roberta A. Diotti | |
| Autor | Roberto Ferrarese | |
| Autor | Cesare Alippi | |
| Autor | Gabriele Viscardi | |
| Autor | Carlo Signorelli | |
| Autor | Nicasio Mancini | |
| Autor | Massimo Clementi | |
| Autor | Nicola Clementi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-05 | |
| Abstrakt | The World Health Organization (WHO) declared SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic on 11th March 2020. As of the 3rd November 2020, there have been over 46.8 million confirmed COVID-19 cases and more than 1 million reported deaths [1]. The main transmission route of this virus appears to be via aerosols [2], and another suggested mode involves fomites | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 16:36:56 | |
| Publikace | Emerging Microbes & Infections | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | ja | |
| Rozsah | 1-18 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1872354 PMID: 33399524 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/22221751.2021.1872354 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QCQTFR52 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 16:36:56 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:56:38 |
| Autor | Haihuan Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hongchen Shen | |
| Autor | Zhe Zhou | |
| Autor | Mengyang Zhang | |
| Autor | Minghao Han | |
| Autor | David P. Durkin | |
| Autor | Danmeng Shuai | |
| Autor | Yun Shen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 plays a critical role in spreading COVID-19. To protect public health, we designed and fabricated electrospun nanofibrous air filters that hold promise for applications in personal protective equipment and indoor environment. Due to ultrafine nanofibers (~300 nm), the electrospun air filters had a much smaller pore size compared to the surgical mask and cloth masks (a couple of microns versus tens to hundreds of microns). A coronavirus strain was used to generate aerosols for filtration efficiency tests, which can better represent SARS-CoV-2 than other agents used for aerosol generation in previous studies. The electrospun air filters showed excellent performance by capturing up to 99.9% of coronavirus aerosols, which outperformed many commercial face masks. In addition, since NaCl aerosols have been widely used in filtration tests, we compared the filtration efficiency obtained from the coronavirus aerosols and the NaCl aerosols. The NaCl aerosols were demonstrated as an eligible surrogate for the coronavirus aerosols in the filtration tests, when air filters and face masks with diverse pore sizes, morphologies, and efficiencies were used. Our work paves a new avenue for advancing air filtration by developing electrospun nanofibrous air filters for controlling SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission. Moreover, the removal efficiency of the NaCl aerosols can be reasonably translated into understanding how air filters capture the coronavirus aerosols. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 14:22:49 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.12.30.20249046 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LYMHHQGZ | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 14:22:49 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:49:54 |
| Autor | X. Yin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | X. Wang | |
| Autor | S. Xu | |
| Autor | C. He | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective With the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the healthcare workers (HCWs) require proper respiratory personal protective equipment (rPPE) against viral respiratory infectious diseases (VRIDs). It is necessary to evaluate which type of mask and manner of wearing is the best suitable rPPE for preventing the VRID. Study design A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively analyze the protective efficacy of various rPPE. Methods This network meta-analysis protocol was registered in an international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42020179489). Electronic databases were searched for cluster randomized control trials (RCTs) of comparing the effectiveness of rPPE and wearing manner in preventing HCWs from VRID. The primary outcome was the incidence of laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infection reported as an odds ratio (OR) with the associated 95% credibility interval (CrI). The secondary outcome was the incidence of clinical respiratory illness (CRI) reported as an OR with the associated 95% CrI. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve analysis (SUCRA) provided a ranking of each rPPE according to the primary outcome and the secondary outcome as data supplement. Results Six studies encompassing 12,265 HCWs were included. In terms of the incidence of laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infection, the continuous wearing of N95 respirators (network OR, 0.48; 95% CrI: 0.27 to 0.86; SUCRA score, 85.4) showed more effective than the control group. However, in terms of reducing the incidence of CRI, there was no rPPE showing superior protective effectiveness. Conclusions There are significant differences in preventive efficacy among current rPPE. Our result suggests that continuous wearing of N95 respirators on the whole shift can serve as the best preventive rPPE for HCWs from the VRID. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 13:34:32 | |
| Publikace | Public Health | |
| Krátký název | Comparative efficacy of respiratory personal protective equipment against viral respiratory infectious diseases in healthcare workers | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 190 | |
| Rozsah | 82-88 | |
| ISSN | 0033-3506 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Public Health | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.11.004 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DUZACYX7 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:34:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:43:11 |
| Autor | Ariel Kiyomi Daoud | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jessica Kole Hall | |
| Autor | Haylie Petrick | |
| Autor | Anne Strong | |
| Autor | Cleveland Piggott | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | PURPOSE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led at times to a scarcity of personal protective equipment, including medical masks, for health care clinicians, especially in primary care settings. The objective of this review was to summarize current evidence regarding the use of cloth masks to prevent respiratory viral infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), among health care clinicians. METHODS We searched 5 databases, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, and the reference lists of identified articles on April 3, 2020. All identified publications were independently screened by 2 reviewers. Two authors independently extracted data and graded the studies. Randomized control trials (RCTs) were graded using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist, and observational and nonhuman subject studies were graded using 11 domains common across frequently used critical appraisal tools. All discrepancies were resolved by consensus. RESULTS Our search identified 136 original publications. Nine studies met inclusion criteria. We performed a qualitative synthesis of the data from these studies. Four nonrandomized trials, 3 laboratory studies, 1 single-case experiment, and 1 RCT were identified. The laboratory studies found that cloth materials provided measurable levels of particle filtration but were less efficacious at blocking biologic material than medical masks. The RCT found that cloth masks were associated with significantly more viral infections than medical masks. CONCLUSIONS The current literature suggests that cloth materials are somewhat efficacious in filtering particulate matter and aerosols but provide a worse fit and inferior protection compared to medical masks in clinical environments. The quality and quantity of literature addressing this question are lacking. Cloth masks lack evidence for adequate protection of health care clinicians against respiratory viral infections. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 8:52:25 | |
| Publikace | The Annals of Family Medicine | |
| Krátký název | The Potential for Cloth Masks to Protect Health Care Clinicians From SARS-CoV-2 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 19 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 55-62 | |
| Práva | © 2021 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc. | |
| Extra | Publisher: The Annals of Family Medicine Section: Special Reports PMID: 33431393 | |
| ISSN | 1544-1709, 1544-1717 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.annfammed.org | |
| DOI | 10.1370/afm.2640 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/X3IUBAH8 | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 8:52:25 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:14:17 |
| Autor | Sinan Sousan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Nicole Garcia | |
| Autor | Avian White | |
| Autor | Jo Anne Balanay | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Due to COVID-19 and high demand for respirators, some healthcare professionals have been using the Halyard H600 fabric as an alternative to N95 respirators without testing the filtration efficiency of the fabric with established scientific methods. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of the Halyard H600 as a respirator filtering material as compared to the NIOSH-certified N95 and P100 filters, and determine if H600 is a good alternative for respiratory protection for healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Three filter types (Halyard H600, N95, and P100) were challenged with salt particles inside an exposure chamber at a flow rate of 43 LPM and relative humidity of 40 ± 2%. N95 and P100 respirator filters were tested initially to establish the validity of the chamber, followed by the Halyard H600 fabric. Particle penetration was measured using an aerosol spectrometer. The filtration efficiency was calculated for different particle sizes by measuring the particle number concentration upstream and downstream of the filter. The pressure drop across the filter materials was measured using a manometer. Results The efficiency of the P100 for particles ≥250 nm was 100%. The N95 efficiency was 97 ± 1% at 275 nm, 99 ± 0% at 324 nm, and 100% for larger particles. The Halyard H600 fabric had a variable efficiency with an average of 62 ± 28% at 275 nm, 89 ± 8% at 324 nm, and 100% efficiency for particles >450 nm. The pressure drop values for P100 and N95 were 32 and 8 mmH2O, respectively. The Halyard H600 fabric resistance increased dramatically from 30 mmH2O at the start of the exposure to 65 mmH2O after 16-minutes of exposure. Conclusion The high variability in filter efficiency for particles ≤324 nm and the increased fabric breathing resistance demonstrate that the Halyard H600 has an inferior performance and is not a good substitute for N95 and P100. Thus, the use of the Halyard H600 fabric for respiratory protection is not recommended. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:46:03 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 49 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 1-7 | |
| ISSN | 0196-6553 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.11.005 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LLUDYGZH | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:36:01 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:59:22 |
| Autor | Rafael Sarkis-Onofre | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rafaela do Carmo Borges | |
| Autor | Giulia Demarco | |
| Autor | Lara Dotto | |
| Autor | Falk Schwendicke | |
| Autor | Flávio Fernando Demarco | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives This scoping review aimed to map and compile the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of decontaminating N95 respirators against the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Data We selected studies written in English assessing or discussing the decontamination strategies of N95 respirators against SARS-CoV-2. Two independent researchers performed the search and study screening. A descriptive analysis was carried out considering the study design of the included studies. Sources PubMed, SCOPUS, and Preprint platforms (bioRxiv and medRxiv). Study selection We included 55 reports from PubMed and SCOPUS. Nine articles were letters to the editors, 21 were in vitro studies, 16 were literature reviews, and 9 were classified as other study designs. We included 37 preprints. Two articles were letters to the editors, 24 were in vitro studies, 3 were literature reviews, and 8 were classified as other study designs. In general, vaporized hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation were the strategies most cited and most promising. However, there is a lack of evidence and consensus related to the best method of N95 respirator decontamination. Conclusion The evidence regarding decontamination strategies of N95 respirators against SARS-CoV-2 remains scarce. Vaporized hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation seem to be the current standard for N95 respirator decontamination. Clinical significance Vaporized hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation appear to be the most promising methods for N95 respirator decontamination. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:46:03 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Dentistry | |
| Krátký název | Decontamination of N95 respirators against SARS-CoV-2 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 104 | |
| Rozsah | 103534 | |
| ISSN | 0300-5712 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Dentistry | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103534 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FAQRCDDM | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:36:02 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:46:42 |
| Autor | Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Md Bengir Ahmed Shuvho | |
| Autor | Md Abdus Shahid | |
| Autor | A. K. M. Monjurul Haque | |
| Autor | Mohammod Abul Kashem | |
| Autor | Su Shiung Lam | |
| Autor | Hwai Chyuan Ong | |
| Autor | Md Alhaz Uddin | |
| Autor | M. Mofijur | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The rapid spread of COVID-19 has led to nationwide lockdowns in many countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has played serious havoc on economic activities throughout the world. Researchers are immensely curious about how to give the best protection to people before a vaccine becomes available. The coronavirus spreads principally through saliva droplets. Thus, it would be a great opportunity if the virus spread could be controlled at an early stage. The face mask can limit virus spread from both inside and outside the mask. This is the first study that has endeavoured to explore the design and fabrication of an antiviral face mask using licorice root extract, which has antimicrobial properties due to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and glycyrrhizin (GL). An electrospinning process was utilized to fabricate nanofibrous membrane and virus deactivation mechanisms discussed. The nanofiber mask material was characterized by SEM and airflow rate testing. SEM results indicated that the nanofibers from electrospinning are about 15–30 μm in diameter with random porosity and orientation which have the potential to capture and kill the virus. Theoretical estimation signifies that an 85 L/min rate of airflow through the face mask is possible which ensures good breathability over an extensive range of pressure drops and pore sizes. Finally, it can be concluded that licorice root membrane may be used to produce a biobased face mask to control COVID-19 spread. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:46:04 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 192 | |
| Rozsah | 110294 | |
| ISSN | 0013-9351 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environmental Research | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110294 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VQ39ASZP | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 15:46:04 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:46:56 |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
|---|---|---|
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | SINTX Technologies, which makes ceramics for medical and non-medical applications, has developed a method of embedding silicon nitride particles into nonwoven and woven fabric fibers. According to the company the material could be used to make a mask that could inactivate respiratory viruses such as Covid-19. Exposure to silicon nitride has been shown to neutralize several bacterial species and viral strains, SINTX says. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 15:55:40 | |
| Publikace | Reinforced Plastics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 65 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 32 | |
| ISSN | 0034-3617 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Reinforced Plastics | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.repl.2020.12.083 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/94AH4X5Q | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 15:55:40 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:45:34 |
| Autor | Barnali Ghatak | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sanjoy Banerjee | |
| Autor | Sk Babar Ali | |
| Autor | Rajib Bandyopadhyay | |
| Autor | Nityananda Das | |
| Autor | Dipankar Mandal | |
| Autor | Bipan Tudu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Usage of a face mask has become mandatory in many countries after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, and its usefulness in combating the pandemic is a proven fact. There have been many advancements in the design of a face mask and the present treatise describes a face mask in which a simple triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with an electrocution layer may serve the purpose of filtration and deactivation of SARS-CoV-2. The proposed mask is designed with multilayer filters, in which the inner three layers act as a triboelectric (TE) filter and the outer one as an electrocution layer (EL). The viral particles experience a mildshock in EL due to the electric field produced between the electrocution layers by contact electrification. Four pairs of triboelectric series fabrics, i.e. polyvinylchloride (PVC)-nylon, polypropylene (PP)-polyurethane (PU), latex rubber-PU, polyimide (PI)-nylon are studied to establish the efficacy of the mask. The motional force exerted on triboelectric filter materials can produce sufficient electric power to activate EL. The proposed mask can be used by a wide range of people because of its triboelectric self-powering (harvesting mechanical energy from daily activities, e.g. breathing, talking or other facial movements) functionalities to ensure effective filtration efficiency. More importantly, it is expected to be potentially beneficial to slow down the devastating impact of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:13:59 | |
| Publikace | Nano Energy | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 79 | |
| Rozsah | 105387 | |
| ISSN | 2211-2855 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Nano Energy | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105387 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/C253QJQ7 | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:13:59 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:06:30 |
| Autor | D. Sundhari | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | N. R. Dhineshbabu | |
| Autor | S. Sutha | |
| Autor | M. E. Raja Saravanan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | As the epidemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly, health organizations around the world has made wearing face mask obligatory to prevent the spread of the infections for the wellness of the society. As wearing face masks become a daily routine, the usage of cloth facemasks from textile fabric, is popular among the public. Since antiquity, textiles have been proven to be intertwined with human lives and the integrant of these crucial materials are fibers. Particularly, nanofiber fabrics manufactured by electrospinning have attracted attention, owing to the better filtration efficiency and breathability. In addition, the electrospinning process provide opportunities to fine tuning of the surface functionality through polymer chemistry and an encapsulation of bioactive agents in single step process. This review opens up a new horizon in possible textile applications especially, an active layer of bioactive agent (Curcumin and Moringa) loaded nanofibrous fabrics-based facemasks for day to day life. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:23:35 | |
| Publikace | Materials Today: Proceedings | |
| Série | International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Developments in Materials, Manufacturing and Energy Engineering | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 46 | |
| Rozsah | 2682-2685 | |
| ISSN | 2214-7853 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials Today: Proceedings | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.367 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Q65TCYJ7 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 5. 2021 9:14:24 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:33:06 |
| Autor | Maimuna Jatta | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Carolyn Kiefer | |
| Autor | Harsh Patolia | |
| Autor | Jin Pan | |
| Autor | Charbel Harb | |
| Autor | Linsey C. Marr | |
| Autor | Anthony Baffoe-Bonnie | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01 | |
| Abstrakt | BACKGROUND: Response to the COVID-19 pandemic by hospital systems has been strained by severe shortages in personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly N95 respirators. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention endorsed decontamination strategies to prolong the lifespan of single use respirators. Battelle and Duke University have validated hospital protocols to decontaminate respirators using vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) at 30%-35% concentrations. To prolong our supply of respirators, we evaluated and implemented VHP decontamination at 59% hydrogen peroxide concentration while detailing the effects of this process on the filtration efficiency and quantitative fit of single-use respirators. This study may help other health systems develop local solutions to their N95 mask shortage during this COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: N95 respirators (3M 8211 FF and 9210 FF) that were treated with 5 and 10 cycles of VHP by the V-PRO maX Low Temperature Sterilization System were evaluated quantitatively for filtration efficiency as well as with quantitative fit testing per Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards. A decontamination protocol was concurrently implemented at our institution. This process involved depositing used masks, reprocessing, and re-distributing treated masks efficiently back to frontline providers. Furthermore, we implemented patient safety officers on COVID-19/person under investigation units to ensure optimized donning/doffing of respirators through frontline provider education. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant changes in mean filtration efficiency between the control and VHP-treated respirators. Furthermore, both treated and untreated respirators demonstrated fit factors above the minimum pass requirement. CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully demonstrated that N95 respirator decontamination with VHP at 59% hydrogen peroxide can be safely utilized to decontaminate single-use N95 respirators without significant effects on filtration efficiency or quantitative fit testing. With the COVID-19 pandemic and N95 respirator shortage, health systems without access to commercial decontamination processes should investigate the viability of such a process in their facilities. | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| Jazyk | eng | |
| Ročník | 49 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 8-14 | |
| Extra | PMID: 32599102 PMCID: PMC7319649 | |
| ISSN | 1527-3296 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Am J Infect Control | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.194 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/J7PGALTR | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:23:52 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:04:21 |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
|---|---|---|
| Datum | 2021-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Novel biobased materials from fungal hyphae and cellulose fibers have been proposed to address the increasing demand for natural materials in personal protective equipment (PPE). Materials containing commercially available kraft fibers (KF), laboratory-made highly fibrillated hemp fibers (HF) and fungal fibers (FF) obtained from fruiting bodies of lignicolous basidiomycetes growing in nature were prepared using paper production techniques and evaluated for their mechanical and air permeability properties. SEM and microscopy revealed the network structure of materials. The tensile index of materials was in the range of 8–60 Nm/g and air permeability ranged from 32–23,990 mL/min, depending on the composition of materials. HF was the key component for strength; however, the addition of FF to compositions resulted in higher air permeability. Chemical composition analysis (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed the presence of natural polysaccharides, mainly cellulose and chitin, as well as the appropriate elemental distribution of components C, H and N. Biodegradation potential was proven by a 30-day-long composting in substrate, which resulted in an 8–62% drop in the C/N ratio. Conclusions were drawn about the appropriateness of fungal hyphae for use in papermaking-like technologies together with cellulose fibers. Developed materials can be considered as an alternative to synthetic melt and spun-blown materials for PPE. | |
| Publikace | Materials | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 136 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2475028373 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: MDPI AG | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ma14010136 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NA3U5UJI | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:11:54 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:03:25 |
Copyright - © 2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Název - Blendtec
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-01-05
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Austria; Sweden; United States--US; Germany
| Autor | Yuling Lai | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ying Guo | |
| Autor | Liyun Xu | |
| Autor | Xijiang Chang | |
| Autor | Xingqun Zhang | |
| Autor | Guangbiao Xu | |
| Autor | Jianjun Shi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric possesses properties of antibacterial and antibacterial adhesion and shows huge demand in the field of medical textiles. However, current technologies are unable to fully address this. Hence, a simple method is highly desirable. Herein, the pristine polyester (PET) fabric is immersed into the solution containing ZnO nanoparticle and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and the fiber surfaces are uniformly covered by a ZnO-PDMS layer after being treated by low pressure Ar plasma. The weight gain rate of the treated fabric is 3.5%, which is basically unchanged, and the air permeability, moisture permeability, and tensile properties of the fabric are basically not affected. It is found that the water contact angle (WCA) of the fabric is over 162.7°and sliding angle (SA) is less than 10°. The stable binding of PDMS and PET fibers induces a robust superhydrophobicity; even after 300 washing cycles and 600 friction cycles, it still remains superhydrophobic. The antibacterial rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus before washing were 99.89% and 99.85%, respectively, and after 100 cycles of washing, the antibacterial rates decreased to 99.36% and 99.17%, respectively. Therefore, it shows a good development prospect in the application of protecting clothing or textiles that require good antibacterial properties (such as bed sheets, duvet covers, etc.). | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:40:26 | |
| Publikace | Coatings | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 15 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 1 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/coatings11010015 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CR65IPAE | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 9:40:26 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:06:52 |
| Autor | Miguel Martí | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alberto Tuñón-Molina | |
| Autor | Finn Lillelund Aachmann | |
| Autor | Yukiko Muramoto | |
| Autor | Takeshi Noda | |
| Autor | Kazuo Takayama | |
| Autor | Ángel Serrano-Aroca | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Face masks have globally been accepted to be an effective protective tool to prevent bacterial and viral transmission, especially against indoor aerosol transmission. However, commercial face masks contain filters that are made of materials that are not capable of inactivating either SARS-CoV-2 or multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals can infect other people even if they wear them because some viable viral or bacterial loads can escape from the masks. Furthermore, viral or bacterial contact transmission can occur after touching the mask, which constitutes an increasing source of contaminated biological waste. Additionally, bacterial pathogens contribute to the SARS-CoV-2-mediated pneumonia disease complex, and their resistance to antibiotics in pneumonia treatment is increasing at an alarming rate. In this regard, herein, we report the development of a non-woven face mask filter fabricated with a biofunctional coating of benzalkonium chloride that is capable of inactivating more than 99% of SARS-CoV-2 particles in one minute of contact, and the life-threatening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (normalized antibacterial halos of 0.52 ± 0.04 and 0.72 ± 0.04, respectively). Nonetheless, despite the results obtained, further studies are needed to ensure the safety and correct use of this technology for the mass production and commercialization of this broad-spectrum antimicrobial face mask filter. Our novel protective non-woven face mask filter would be useful for many healthcare workers and researchers working in this urgent and challenging field. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 16:21:34 | |
| Publikace | Polymers | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 207 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 2 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/polym13020207 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QGEV9KZ2 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:11:54 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 16:04:20 |
Copyright - © 2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Název - World Health Organization
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-01-13
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Switzerland; Spain; Germany
| Autor | Amit Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | D. N. Sangeetha | |
| Autor | Ramani Yuvaraj | |
| Autor | M. Menaka | |
| Autor | Venkatesan Subramanian | |
| Autor | Balasubramanian Venkatraman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The emergence of the recent COVID-19 pandemic has rendered mandatory wearing of respiratory masks by infected persons, frontline workers, security personnel and members of the public. This has caused a sudden shift of focus, and significant demand on availability, effectiveness, reuse after sterilisation and development of facemask. Toward this, three types of masks viz. N95, non-woven fabric and double layer cotton cloth are being used by the majority of the population across the world as an essential inhalation protective measure for suppressing the entry of virus-laden respiratory droplets. The Filtering Efficiency (FE) of these masks are tested for atmospheric and laboratory-generated aerosols of size 1.0 mu m and 102.7 nm particles before and after sterilisation and the two flow rate conditions corresponding to normal breath rate and during sneezing/coughing. Sterilisation is carried out using a gamma irradiator containing Co-60 source for the two-dose exposures viz. 15 kGy and 25 kGy. The FE of surgical and cloth masks is found to be in the range of 15.76 +/- 0.22 to 22.48 +/- 3.92%, 49.20 +/- 8.44 to 60 +/- 7.59% and 73.15 +/- 3.73 to 90.36 +/- 4.69% for aerosol sizes 0.3-5.0, 1.0-5.0 and 3.0-5.0 p,nn atmospheric aerosols respectively. The FE of cloth and surgical masks ranges from 45.07 +/- 6.69% to 63.89 +/- 4.44% and 56.58 +/- 1.69% to 83.95 +/- 1.04% for 1.0 mu m laboratory-generated aerosol for two flow rate, control and irradiated conditions. The FE of N95 mask is found to be more than 95% for atmospheric aerosol, and 1.0 mu m laboratory-generated aerosol. However, FE reduced to about 70% for most penetrating particle size after sterilisation. Further, FE reduced to 84% for the particle > 0.3 mu m and to 87% for the particle < 0.3 mu m after sterilisation. The reduction in FE for N95 mask after sterilization is associated with the reduction of electrostatic interaction of filter medium with particles laden in the air stream. Instead of disposing of N95 masks after a single use, they can be reused a few times as N70 mask during this pandemic crisis after sterilisation. The use of cotton cloth masks in the general public serves fit for the purpose than surgical masks. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:04:23 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 200349 | |
| Extra | Place: Taichung County Publisher: Taiwan Assoc Aerosol Res-Taar WOS:000600584400011 | |
| ISSN | 1680-8584 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.2020.06.0349 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XKAWGRJ5 | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:04:23 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:33:23 |
| Autor | Sunghoon Jung | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jun-Yeoung Yang | |
| Autor | Eun-Yeon Byeon | |
| Autor | Do-Geun Kim | |
| Autor | Da-Gyum Lee | |
| Autor | Sungweon Ryoo | |
| Autor | Sanggu Lee | |
| Autor | Cheol-Woong Shin | |
| Autor | Ho Won Jang | |
| Autor | Hyo Jung Kim | |
| Autor | Seunghun Lee | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Face masks will be used to prevent pandemic recurrence and outbreaks of mutant SARS-CoV-2 strains until mass immunity is confirmed. The polypropylene (PP) filter is a representative disposable mask material that traps virus-containing bioaerosols, preventing secondary transmission. In this study, a copper thin film (20 nm) was deposited via vacuum coating on a spunbond PP filter surrounding a KF94 face mask to provide additional protection and lower the risk of secondary transmission. Film adhesion was improved using oxygen ion beam pretreatment, resulting in cuprous oxide formation on the PP fiber without structural deformation. The copper-coated mask exhibited filtration efficiencies of 95.1 ± 1.32% and 91.6 ± 0.83% for NaCl and paraffin oil particles, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 inactivation was evaluated by transferring virus-containing media onto the copper-coated PP filters and subsequently adding Vero cells. Infection was verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunochemical staining. Vero cells added after contact with the copper-coated mask did not express the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and envelope genes of SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid immunofluorescence results indicated a reduction in the amount of virus of more than 75%. Therefore, copper-coated antiviral PP filters could be key materials in personal protective equipment, as well as in air-conditioning systems. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:52:14 | |
| Publikace | Polymers | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 1367 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 9 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/polym13091367 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BTBGNQPP | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:52:14 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:23:42 |
| Autor | Andrei and Szentesi-Nejur Nejur | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Konferenční příspěvek | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | The present research introduces a novel parametric approach for the construction of PPE, a face mask inspired from takeaway food packaging and kirigami techniques. The technique requires only foldable planar material with no gluing or binding. The design is customizable to the users face using an augmented reality application and automatic processing in the Grasshopper environment. Using the proposed workflow, a personal mask can be constructed from a cutting and folding pattern printed on any household 2d printer. This makes it one of the most affordable and fast techniques for artisanal PPE existent now. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 8:30:49 | |
| URL | http://papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/BrowseTreefield=seriesorder=AZ/Show?caadria2021_341 | |
| Vydavatel | CUMINCAD | |
| Katalog knihovny | papers.cumincad.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4FGPJHQR | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 8:30:49 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:21 |
| Autor | Leigh R | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andrea Crilley | |
| Autor | Trevor C. Young | |
| Autor | Jennifer VandenBoer | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:44:43 | |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.13696705.v1 | |
| Krátký název | Non-Woven Materials for Cloth-Based Face Mask Inserts | |
| Jazyk | pt | |
| Katalog knihovny | pesquisa.bvsalud.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9E8Y4J3V | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:44:43 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:21 |
| Autor | K. I. Lukanina | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | A. K. Budyka | |
| Autor | I. E. Rebrov | |
| Autor | K. G. Antipova | |
| Autor | S. N. Malakhov | |
| Autor | A. D. Shepelev | |
| Autor | T. E. Grigoriev | |
| Autor | V. A. Yamshchikov | |
| Autor | S. N. Chvalun | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is in high demand during epidemics and pandemics. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated that the global industry had insufficient capacity for providing people with high-efficiency respirators. In this context, it is important to assess the protective properties of equipment designed to prevent the spread of infections. In this review, the hydrodynamic and filtering characteristics of modern RPE types present in the market, as well as their consumer performance, are analyzed taking into account the properties of virus-bearing aerosols. Approaches to developing novel, more efficient fiber-based RPE are proposed. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 15:05:58 | |
| Publikace | Nanobiotechnology Reports | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 69-88 | |
| Extra | PMID: null PMCID: PMC8241409 | |
| ISSN | 2635-1676 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed Central | |
| DOI | 10.1134/S2635167621010080 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WU7GJVKH | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 15:05:58 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 9:38:53 |
| Autor | A.K. Thakur | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | R. Sathyamurthy | |
| Autor | V. Ramalingam | |
| Autor | I. Lynch | |
| Autor | S.W. Sharshir | |
| Autor | Z. Ma | |
| Autor | G. Poongavanam | |
| Autor | S. Lee | |
| Autor | Y. Jeong | |
| Autor | J.-Y. Hwang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Globally, humanity is facing its most significant challenge in 100 years due to the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for COVID-19. Under the enormous pressure created by the pandemic, scientists are studying virus transmission mechanisms in order to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, no established methods have been developed to control the spread of this deadly virus. In addition, the ease in lockdown has escalated air pollution which may affect SARS-CoV-2 transmission through attachment to particulates. The present review summarizes the role of graphene nanomaterials, which show antimicrobial behavior and have antiviral efficacy, in reducing the spread of COVID-19. Graphene and its derivatives have excellent antimicrobial efficacy, providing both physical and chemical mechanisms of damage. Coupled with their lightness, optimal properties, and ease of functionalization, they are optimal nanomaterials for coating onto fabrics such as personal protection equipment, face masks and gloves to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 effectively. Biosensors using graphene can effectively detect the virus with high accuracy and sensitivity, providing rapid quantification. It is envisioned that the present work will boost the development of graphene-based highly sensitive, accurate and cost-effective diagnostic tools for efficiently monitoring and controlling the spread of COVID-19 and other air-borne viruses. © The Royal Society of Chemistry. | |
| Publikace | Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts | |
| Ročník | 23 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 923-946 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1039/d1em00034a | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZP6SFXBN | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:18:03 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 12:18:03 |
| Autor | A. Kalkanci | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ö. Güzel Tunçcan | |
| Autor | S. Baş | |
| Autor | B. Bostan | |
| Autor | F. Bay | |
| Autor | Ü. Metin | |
| Autor | P. Aysert Yildiz | |
| Autor | S. Özger | |
| Autor | M. Dizbay | |
| Autor | M.N. Ilhan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction: The effectivity of cloth masks is one of the major concerns during pandemic. In this study, the filtration ability of different cloth masks was compared. Materials and Methods: We examined the filtration ability of different cloth masks in "Touch Screen Aerosol Photometer"DOP3500 machine by testing 0,3-0,5 μm diameter standart "aerosol"particle at mask factory (MAKSAM) of Mechanical and Chemical Industry Company located in Ankara. In order to show the difference in filtration ability of the cloth maskes clearly, particule size was defined as 0,3-0,5 μm. Pure silk 100%, 80% silk + 20% polyester, 100% satin, 100% polyester, 100% cotton, 100% bamboo and 50% cotton + 50% polyester were compared. Cloth masks made from these materials were tested three times; before washing, after ten times washing and combined using with a medical mask. Results: N95/FFP-2 respirator was used as a "positive control"with a filtration ability of 99.7%. Measurable filtration ability of total particle counts was 18.2% of three layered medical mask. When we tested double medical mask, reduction of total particle counts reached to 31.6%. According to our result, we conclude that wearing double medical mask is more protective than wearing a single medical mask. Measureable reduction of total particle counts were different for all tested cloth masks. Cloth masks were tested second time after 10 times washing. Un-washed cloth mask made from 80% silk + 20% polyester was found to be protective, however after ten times washing particle counts of the same mask reduced markedly. Measurable reduction of total particle counts were also reduced after ten times washing of cloth masks made from 100% satin and 100% polyester. The most efficient cloth mask for blocking particules was 100% cotton after ten times washing. Conclusion: Our study offers evidence in favor of synthetic and polyester materials are not suitable for cloth masks since their filtration ability is reduced after multiple washing. Instead, use of cotton masks is more preventive than the others because of its increased filtration ability after washing. Combined wearing of medical mask and cloth mask together resulted in increased efficacy of filtration ability of both masks. We conclude that, wearing double mask is more effective than wearing a single mask when we consider the actual status of the pandemic with widespread distribution of mutant viruses and the high number of infected individuals in the public. © Copyright 2021 by the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Specialty Society of Turkey Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes and Antimicrobials published by Galenos Yayinevi. | |
| Publikace | Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes and Antimicrobials | |
| Krátký název | Farkli Kumaş Maskelerin Filtrasyon Özelliklerinin Karşilaştirmali Analizi | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.4274/mjima.galenos.2021.2021.25 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FVZC4IB6 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:18:03 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 12:18:03 |
| Autor | M. Goswami | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | A.K. Yadav | |
| Autor | V. Chauhan | |
| Autor | N. Singh | |
| Autor | S. Kumar | |
| Autor | A. Das | |
| Autor | V. Yadav | |
| Autor | A. Mandal | |
| Autor | J.K. Tiwari | |
| Autor | H. Siddiqui | |
| Autor | M. Ashiq | |
| Autor | N. Sathish | |
| Autor | S. Kumar | |
| Autor | D. Biswas | |
| Autor | A.K. Srivastava | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 belongs to a typical class of viruses that predominantly affects the human respiratory system, thereby proving to be fatal to many. The virus, along with other air pollutant particulates poses a severe threat to the human respiratory organs. Since the most common transmission mode is respiratory fomites and aerosol particulates, it is necessary to prevent their ingression through a mask. The primary use of masks is to prevent aerial particulates. This paper reveals the development of masks with air filters coated with functionalized graphene (fG) mounted on a 3D-printed facial mask replica. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) process is used for fabricating the facial mask replica. fG associated with nanosheets has an additional adsorbing capacity with a high surface area to volume ratio. fG coat is used over a polypropylene (PP) cloth through a dip coating method to enhance the antiviral and antimicrobial properties. The quality of fG was investigated through Raman spectroscopy and other characterization techniques such as SEM, XRD, and FTIR, which were used for visual interpretation of distributions of fG on a polypropylene (PP) fabric. Fabricated fG coated MB filters show 98.2% of bacterial filtration efficiency with 1.10 mbar of breathing resistance. The efficacy of the fG coated filter was tested against SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, which showed a complete arrest of viral transmission at the fG coated layer. © 2021 The Authors | |
| Publikace | Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jsamd.2021.05.003 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/J3ZKDGST | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:18:03 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 12:18:03 |
| Autor | Daniela Sofronova | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yavor Sofronov | |
| Autor | Radostina A. Angelova | |
| Editor | R. A. Angelova | |
| Editor | R. Velichkova | |
| Typ | Konferenční příspěvek | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Wearing face masks in a pandemic is one way to limit the spread of viral particles. However, their use leads to a change in the dissipation of heat from the face to the environment. As a result, a microenvironment with increased air humidity, air temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is formed under the mask. The aim of the paper is to present the design of a device for continuous measuring the temperature, humidity and concentration of CO2 in the microenvironment under protective face masks made of textiles. The requirements for the creation of such a device are complex: to fit well under the mask, not to impede the heat and mass transfer processes through the face mask, to support the sensors, to be reusable and to allow disinfection. The device will be used to determine the parameters of the microenvironment under protective masks of a different type. | |
| Vydavatel | Ieee | |
| Místo | New York | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Extra | WOS:000671870000028 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| ISBN | 978-1-72817-011-4 | |
| DOI | 10.1109/EFEA49713.2021.9406246 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/M3QEKKES | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:21:30 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 12:21:30 |
| Autor | Minh Nguyen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Garrett Donalson | |
| Autor | Nicholas Bradley | |
| Autor | Trevor Templeton | |
| Autor | Maansi Verma | |
| Autor | Austin Aldridge | |
| Autor | Sarah Spalding | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Evaluation of the Efficacy of Fabric Face Masks on the Number of Wash During the Outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Minh Nguyen, Garrett Donalson, Nicholas Bradley, Trevor Templeton, Maansi Verma, Austin Aldridge, Sarah Spalding, and Dr. Sinjae Hyun School of Engineering, Mercer University, Macon, GA USA Category: Healthcare Materials BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study was to test the efficacy of common face masks worn by on-campus Mercer students after washing: nylon neck-gaiter, white cloth, and black Mercer-made mask. In March 2020, the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic from Wuhan, China that has been spreading throughout most countries in the world has cost many innocent lives regardless of advanced medical technology. Wearing a mask has been proven to lower the chance of spreading the virus from the patient to be 1.5% (Lawrie). By providing the general population, especially the Mercer community, individuals will be able to make wise decisions to choose which face mask to wear along with social distancing practice to protect themselves during the coronavirus pandemic. METHODS: The efficacy of face masks is described by (1) filtration efficiency - percentage of particles blocked by the face mask and (2) pressure drop - amount of air flow that determines how hard it is to breathe. The face masks were clamped by a circular-shaped filter holder. Air runs through the mask to measure the pressure drop in cmH2O by using a dual-port manometer (Fieldpiece SDMN5). The filtration efficiencies were tested using the laboratory set-up machine consisting of a Constant Output Atomizer (COA, TSI Aerosol Generator 3076), diffusion dryer, 85Kr neutralizer, facemask sample holder, Wide-range Particle Spectrometer (WPS - 1000XP), flowmeter, and vacuum pump. This setup allowed the facemask sample material to work as a �filter� as it provides the barrier to the transport of aerosol particles made up of sodium. Concentrations of sodium particles in the air after passing through the face masks (filtered) and before the face masks (unfiltered) were measured using the WPS, which measures the concentration of particles in the range of total, nano, submicron, micron, and airborne sizes. The efficacy of three types of face masks was evaluated based on the pressure drop and the filtration efficiency (FE = ((filtered-unfiltered)/unfiltered)*100). After each measurement, face masks were washed during the weekends seven times. The filtration efficiency of the face mask after washing was also evaluated. RESULTS: The white cloth mask has the overall highest pressure drop, and the nylon neck-gaiter has the overall lowest pressure drop. The pressure drop for each of the three types of face masks has an increasing trend after each wash. This is explained by the deterioration of the threads on the face masks that become hairy and fill the space gaps after each wash. In the FE evaluation, the white cloth mask has the overall highest FE in all total, nano, submicron, micron, and airborne sizes, whereas the nylon neck-gaiter has the overall lowest FE in all sizes, respectively. Since this study focuses on how face masks perform during the outbreak of coronavirus, the analysis mainly focuses on the FE in total and airborne sizes. The white cloth mask, again, has the highest FE (FETotal and FEAirborne around 30%), then the black Mercer-made face mask (FETotal and FEAirborne around 20%), and the nylon neck-gaiter has the lowest FE (FETotal and FEAirborne around 0%). All of these masks have the filtration efficiency of less than 50%, so the results suggest using a more multi-layered face mask. The durability of all three face masks after seven times of washing does not have an exact positive or negative slope relationship, and this could be affected by how the particles moved during washing. This suggests saving by washing and reusing the face masks for a one-week duration. CONCLUSIONS: The current study results in a good indication of the efficacy and durability of the face mask materials. The findings will become extremely important for society, especially the Mercer community. Faculty, staff, and students are recommended wearing and rewashing appropriate face masks (about 30% filtration efficiency) and practicing social distancing to enhance the prevention of community spreading of the coronavirus. REFERENCE Lawrie, E. (2020, May 19). Coronavirus: Ryanair boss's face mask claim fact-checked. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/52707461 | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 13:16:30 | |
| URL | https://ursa.mercer.edu/handle/10898/12658 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Accepted: 2021-05-03T14:00:18Z | |
| Katalog knihovny | ursa.mercer.edu | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7JF5QJTR | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 13:16:30 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:35:35 |
| Autor | V. Parthasarathi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | M. Parthiban | |
| Editor | Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu | |
| Typ | Kapitola knihy | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | The World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines regarding prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak recommends respiratory hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment. Three layered antiviral mask has been developed by combining polyester nonwoven as an outer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a middle and viscose nonwoven as an inner layer. All three layers of fabrics were fused as laminate to develop the mask to protect healthcare professionals from coronavirus. All the surgical mask tests were performed to make compliance with global standards. Primarily viral penetration and bacterial filtration efficiency was performed according to ASTM standard F1671 and F2100, respectively. It has been observed that the mean flow pore diameter of single layer polyester surgical mask, dual layer of polyester and PTFE film surgical mask and three layered surgical mask was 0.33, 0.30 and 0.39 µm. The developed three layered fabric with polyester as an outer layer, microporous PTFE film as a middle layer and viscose nonwoven fabric as an inner layer has passed the viral penetration test, which confirms that the mask has protection against coronavirus. Paired t’-test analysis of the tensile strength in machine and cross directions shows that there is significant difference at 95% confidence interval. Single layer polyester nonwoven surgical mask failed viral penetration test as the average pore diameter is 0.33 µm which is more than size of ΦX174 bacteriophage virus as 0.2 µm and in the absence of PTFE film. Dual and three layered surgical mask passed viral penetration analysis as it has smallest pore diameter is 0.16 and 0.19 µm, respectively. PTFE film allows water vapor to pass through. In the current pathetic and demanding situation, the three layered surgical mask was having barrier against coronavirus which facilitate healthcare care professionals from cross-contamination and protecting them from current pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2021 12:38:45 | |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3856-5_8 | |
| Série | Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes | |
| Vydavatel | Springer | |
| Místo | Singapore | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 221-240 | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-3856-5_8 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| ISBN | 9789811638565 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/A5NQ7MYR | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2021 12:38:45 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 12:38:45 |
| Autor | Gonzalo R. Tortella | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Olga Rubilar | |
| Autor | María Cristina Diez | |
| Autor | Jorge Padrão | |
| Autor | Andrea Zille | |
| Autor | Joana C. Pieretti | |
| Autor | Amedea B. Seabra | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-28 | |
| Abstrakt | The SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak revealed that these nano-pathogens have the ability to rapidly change lives. Undoubtedly, SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses can cause important global impacts, affecting public health, as well as, socioeconomic development. But viruses are not only a public health concern, they are also a problem in agriculture. The current treatments are often ineffective, are prone to develop resistance, or cause considerable adverse side effects. The use of nanotechnology has played an important role to combat viral diseases. In this review three main aspects are in focus: first, the potential use of nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery. Second, its use for treatments of some human viral diseases, and third, its application as antivirals in plants. With these three themes, the aim is to give to readers an overview of the progress in this promising area of biotechnology during the 2017–2020 period, and to provide a glance at how tangible is the effectiveness of nanotechnology against viruses. Future prospects are also discussed. It is hoped that this review can be a contribution to general knowledge for both specialized and non-specialized readers, allowing a better knowledge of this interesting topic. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 14:05:36 | |
| Publikace | Global Challenges | |
| Krátký název | Advanced Material Against Human (Including Covid-19) and Plant Viruses | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Práva | © 2020 The Authors. Global Challenges published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/gch2.202000049 | |
| ISSN | 2056-6646 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/gch2.202000049 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/U6KDSF7C | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 14:05:36 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:38:13 |
| Autor | Andreia Salvan Pagnan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Caroline Salvan Pagnan | |
| Autor | Eliane Ayres | |
| Autor | Marco Aurélio Silva Fernandes | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-23 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic has mobilized most countries to investigate multiple virus mitigation interventions, the face protection masks are among the main ones. Filtration and breathability are important factors in the applied materials choice. Design plays a fundamental innovative role in developing new products and materials that meet this emergency demand. 3D printing allows adjustments from an industrial production to answer an increasingly specific demand. This process allows the printing of a poly (lactic acid) (PLA) filter mesh with Tourmaline (TM) for a mask made in a triple layer with cotton fabric. One of the properties of TM is the negative ions emission, which allows capturing particles dispersed in the air. PLA is a bio-based and biodegradable polymer, with the corn as it’s most effective source. It makes it a good choice for the project, aiming to be aligned to environmental issues. In addition, the cotton application and the modeling directed to the domestic sewing use make the project accessible to the population, adaptied to digital and personal manufacturing and aligned to the Maker Movement. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 14:21:19 | |
| URL | http://www.revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/sdrj/article/view/sdrj.2020.133.11 | |
| Publikace | Strategic Design Research Journal | |
| Krátký název | Individual protection mask with improved filtering properties | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 432-445 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2020 Strategic Design Research Journal | |
| Extra | Number: 3 | |
| ISSN | 1984-2988 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.revistas.unisinos.br | |
| DOI | 10.4013/sdrj.2020.133.11 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K9E2GM7J | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 14:21:19 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:22 |
| Autor | Christopher Igwe Idumah | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-23 | |
| Abstrakt | In recent years, nanotechnology (NT) has proved to be an interdisciplinary research field, and has enlarged its scope of applications in versatile areas of human endeavor. The quests for enhanced multifunctionality in engineering, industrial, technical, and medical textiles have instigated nanotechnological evolution in textile materials. The inclusions of novel technologies such as photonic crystals, plasmonics, luminescence, architectural colorants, holography, LED displays, and metamaterials within textile materials have inculcated multifunctionalities to these materials. NT advancements in textiles through nanoparticles (NPs), and sensor integration within textile materials have enhanced physicochemical behaviors of textiles such as self-cleaning, UV-protection, flame resistance, and antimicrobial, among so on, versatile sensory capabilities, robotics, electrical conductivity, flexibility and comfort, thereby availing it for health, medical, sporting, advanced engineering, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, military, automobile, food and agricultural applications, and more. Fibers inculcated with metallic nanoparticles, such as copper and silver NPs have demonstrated antiviral, and antimicrobial attributes. In this era of COVID-19, NT has enhanced personal protective equipments and fortified antiviral behavior. Therefore, this article elucidates novel nanotechnological advancements in textiles, novel applications, and fight against COVID-19 pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 13:57:34 | |
| Publikace | The Journal of The Textile Institute | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Rozsah | 1-21 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1858600 | |
| ISSN | 0040-5000 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/00405000.2020.1858600 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ATBBCBPT | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:57:34 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:00:18 |
| Autor | David Brookstein | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Relatively early during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic it was widely recognized that community spread could be mitigated by the widespread wearing of face masks. However, at first, they were difficult to procure and the CDC discouraged the use of masks for the general public since this might cause shortages for healthcare workers. Subsequently, the CDC suggested that cloth masks, without filters, should be used by the general public since these were considered ineffective for healthcare workers. Using the concepts of design thinking, effective protective face masks with filters were designed and developed using readily available materials that could be used by the general public. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 14:27:02 | |
| Publikace | CommonHealth | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 1 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 93-105 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2020 CommonHealth | |
| Extra | Number: 3 | |
| ISSN | 2690-6910 | |
| Katalog knihovny | tuljournals.temple.edu | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | 1 | |
| DOI | 10.15367/ch.v1i3.421 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/H6E6Y2SA | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 14:27:02 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:49:23 |
| Autor | Steven Darby | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Krishnakumar Chulliyallipalil | |
| Autor | Milosz Przyjalgowski | |
| Autor | Paddy McGowan | |
| Autor | Simon Jeffers | |
| Autor | Alan Giltinan | |
| Autor | Liam Lewis | |
| Autor | Niall Smith | |
| Autor | Roy D Sleator | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Aim: Face masks are an important addition to our arsenal in the fight against COVID-19. The aim of this study is to present a novel method of measuring mask performance which can simultaneously assess both fabric penetration and leakage due to poor fit. Materials & methods: A synthetic aerosol is introduced into the lung of a medical dummy. A conical laser sheet surrounds the face of the dummy where it illuminates the aerosol emitted during a simulated breath. The system is demonstrated with five mask types. Conclusions: The curved laser sheet highlights both penetration through the mask fabric and leakage around the edges of the mask. A large variation in both material penetration and leakage was observed. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 14:26:09 | |
| Publikace | Future Microbiology | |
| Krátký název | COVID-19 | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 5-11 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Future Medicine | |
| ISSN | 1746-0913 | |
| Katalog knihovny | futuremedicine.com (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.2217/fmb-2020-0292 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HP24HV2A | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 14:26:09 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:50:16 |
| Autor | Sabit Adanur | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ajay Jayswal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Face masks are loose-fitting masks that cover the nose and mouth and have ear ties at the back of the head whereas respirators are tight-fitting face covering devices which filter the air during inhalation and exhalation. Guidelines issued by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding proper design, filtration process and wearing should be followed. The mask equipment provides protection against the infections caused by particulate matters (PM), especially PM2.5, and biological pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Although face masks offer benefits to a greater extent, it is not recommended to wear them for a long period of time. As N95 masks closely fit with the face, it may result in negative impact on respiratory and dermal mechanisms of human thermoregulation. In this article, currently available face masks including cloth masks, their filtration mechanisms, manufacturing methods and decontamination methods are reviewed for the purpose of helping with the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 13:19:30 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Industrial Textiles | |
| Krátký název | Filtration mechanisms and manufacturing methods of face masks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 152808372098016 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd STM | |
| ISSN | 1528-0837 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Industrial Textiles | |
| DOI | 10.1177/1528083720980169 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JSNB6STL | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:19:30 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:59:41 |
| Autor | Savannah J. Volkoff | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Trevor J. Carlson | |
| Autor | Kelsey Leik | |
| Autor | Jacques J. Smith | |
| Autor | Duane Graves | |
| Autor | Philip Dennis | |
| Autor | Taylor Aris | |
| Autor | Doug Cuthbertson | |
| Autor | Andrew Holmes | |
| Autor | Kirk Craig | |
| Autor | Bruce Marvin | |
| Autor | Eric Nesbit | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-21 | |
| Abstrakt | SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global pandemic resulting in the infections of many millions and deaths of well over a million people. The ease of SARS-CoV-2 spread and the infectious nature of the virus in humans has resulted in an urgent need for effective disinfection strategies. Ozone (O3) is a promising disinfectant for SARS-CoV-2 due to its ability to overcome limitations with topical disinfection or sanitation products. In this work, we utilized RT-qPCR to measure RNA from a recombinant mammalian cell product, bacteriophage MS2, and SARS-CoV-2 sourced from municipal wastewater, after exposure to 4.5 and 9 ppmv O3. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 16:40:35 | |
| Publikace | Ozone: Science & Engineering | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Rozsah | 1-10 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2020.1863770 | |
| ISSN | 0191-9512 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/01919512.2020.1863770 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/U2PMB3D9 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 16:40:35 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:49:19 |
| Autor | Sebastian Lifka | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ivan Ponomarev | |
| Autor | Agnes Weth | |
| Autor | David Baumgartner | |
| Autor | Bernd Lamprecht | |
| Autor | Werner Baumgartner | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-21 | |
| Abstrakt | During the COVID-19 pandemic face masks grew in importance as their use by the general population was recommended by health officials in order to minimize the risk of infection and prevent further spread of the virus. To ensure health protection of medical personal and other system relevant staff, it is of considerable interest to quickly test if a certain lot of filtering facepiece masks meets the requirements or if the permeability changes under different conditions. As certified penetrometers are rather expensive and were difficult to obtain during the COVID-19 pandemic, we describe two quite simple and cheap methods to quickly test the filter permeability based on an electronic cigarette. The first method uses a precision scale, the second method uses a light scattering detector to measure the filter penetration. To make sure these two methods yield reliable results, both were tested with freshly cut filter samples covering the range of approx. 7% to 60% permeability and compared to the results of a certified penetrometer. The comparison of the two methods with the certified penetrometer showed a good correlation and therefore allow a quick and rather reliable estimation of the permeability. Several examples about the use of faulty masks and the resulting health risks show that simple, fast, cheap and broadly available methods for filter characterization might be useful in these days. Supplementary and Associated Material https://github.com/SebastianLifka/AerosolPenetrometer_LightScatteringDetector: GitHub repository containing all underlying data | |
| Publikace | Preprints | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2471581728 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: MDPI AG | |
| DOI | 10.20944/preprints202012.0486.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LRKUYWA8 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:11:55 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:36:48 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-12-22
| Autor | Yuxin Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Zicheng Deng | |
| Autor | Donglu Shi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-20 | |
| Abstrakt | The main clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are respiratory symptoms that can lead to serious cardiovascular damages and severe worsening of other medical conditions. One of the major strategies in preparedness and response to COVID 19 is effective utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE) among which the masks of different kinds are on the top of the list especially for activities in the public places. However, the underlying mechanisms of masks in preventing virus transmission have not been well identified and the current experimental data still show inconsistent outcomes that may mislead the public. For instance, the early understanding of the mask functions was limited especially in the escalating phase of the COVID 19 pandemic, resulting in quite controversial remarks on masks. Although extensive studies in mask functions have been carried out ever since the COVID-19 outbreaks, most of the investigations appear to have focused on exhalation isolation of individuals who may have been infected with the disease. Less emphasis was laid on inhalation protection from virus transmission, an important aspect that undergirds the public health policies and protective strategies. This review provides the most up-to-date information on the transmission modes of COVID-19 virus in terms of droplets and aerosols. The roles of masks in disease prevention and transmission reduction are evaluated on various types, structures and functions. More important, both aspects of exhalation isolation and inhalation protection are discussed based on virus transmission modes and the effectiveness of different types of masks under varied environmental conditions. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 14:04:40 | |
| Publikace | MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | e10163 | |
| Práva | © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/mds3.10163 | |
| ISSN | 2573-802X | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/mds3.10163 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3HXQ7AJD | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 14:04:40 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:13:53 |
| Autor | Mohammad Hosein Beheshti | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ali Tajpoor | |
| Autor | Ali Alami | |
| Autor | Ali Firoozi | |
| Autor | mostafaM Jafarizaveh | |
| Autor | Maryam Borhani | |
| Autor | Akram Tabrizi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-19 | |
| Abstrakt | Background and Aim: The use of a mask is an effective measure to reduce the transmission of Covid-19. Today, due to the lack of N95 masks and medical masks with good performance, felt masks are widely used due to their ease of manufacture and low cost. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of 3-layer felt masks containing polypropylene membranes in filtering particle size in the SARS-CoV-2 range. Methods: In this study, a 3-layer felt mask was designed. For production, materials were selected that are currently available in the market and are used by manufacturers for the bulk production of the mask. Polypropylene fabric was used as the first and third layers of the outer part of the mask and the middle layer was made of felt with a pore size of about 400 nm. The efficiency of the mask in the filtration of particles of different sizes was measured according to BS EN149 standard at a flow rate of 30 liters per minute. Results: The efficiency of the felt mask for particle filtration with a size of 300 nm, which is approximately equal to the size of the SARS-CoV-2, is in the range of 11 to 25%. While the efficiency of the mask in the filtration of particles with a size of 500 nm is about 13 to 32%. The efficiency of this mask in filtering particles with a diameter of 10 microns increased by an average of 83%. The average efficiency of the mask in particle filtration with sizes of 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 micrometers is equal to 18, 22, 33, 50, 66 and 83%, respectively, and the average pressure drop is equal to 4 Pascal. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the use of a felt mask with such a design and structure to prevent Covid-19 is not effective enough and may even increase the prevalence of the disease by creating false confidence in individuals. Due to the widespread use of felt masks in the community, improving the filtration capability of this mask for particles smaller than 500 nm and also modifying the surface and structure of the mask by hydrophilizing polypropylene fibers inside the mask can play an important role in reducing the prevalence of Covid-19. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 14:25:14 | |
| Publikace | Journal Mil Med | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 22 | |
| Číslo | 10 | |
| Rozsah | 993-1000 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Journal Mil Med | |
| Katalog knihovny | militarymedj.ir | |
| DOI | 10.30491/JMM.22.10.993 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZMA4K42K | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 14:25:14 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:52:06 |
| Autor | Ozge Kilicoglu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Umit Kara | |
| Autor | Ibrahim Inanc | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-16 | |
| Abstrakt | This article explores the effectiveness of gamma rays attenuation of various N95 respirator samples by analysing several theoretical parameters such as the Effective Atomic Numbers (Zeff), Half Value Layer (HVL), Mean Free Path (MFP), Mass Attenuation Coefficients (MAC), Tenth Value Layer (TVL), Exposure Build Up Factors (EBF) and Energy Absorption Build Up Factors (EABF). For the selected N95 mask samples, the MAC values corresponding to the energy levels between 0.015 and 20 MeV are measured using the WinXCOM software and the MATLAB code. The parameters including Zeff, TVL, HVL, and MFP are computed using the MAC values derived from the WinXCOM program. EBF and EABF are computed in relation to the penetration depth and incident photon energy by using the (G-P) fitting approximation in estimating the photon build-up factor. The findings showed that having the lowest TVL, HVL, and MFP, the N2 sample has the best output in terms of radiation attenuation purposes. In conclusion, the N2 sample which outperforms other samples is the most promising mask sample when it comes to gamma-ray attenuation features. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 14:36:27 | |
| Publikace | Materials Chemistry and Physics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 260 | |
| Rozsah | 124093 | |
| ISSN | 0254-0584 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials Chemistry and Physics | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.124093 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QNCJGKTT | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 14:36:27 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:58:56 |
| Autor | Ruowang Chen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Han Zhang | |
| Autor | Mingyuan Wang | |
| Autor | Xiaowei Zhang | |
| Autor | Zhixing Gan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-16 | |
| Abstrakt | The recent pandemic of COVID-19 makes personal protective facial masks in high demand. Melt-blown or electrospun nanofibers are considered to be ideal air filter materials for resisting virus-containing fine aerosol particle, eliminating particulate matter (PM) air pollution, and protecting public health. For the commercial micro/nanofiber membranes, the general strategy for improving filtration efficiency is to simply increase the base weight. However, the influence of the base weight on overall filtration performance of air filters is usually ignored, which always leads to large pressure drop and poor breathing comfort. Here, a fabrication process using the electrospinning method with phase separation of charged droplets is reported for the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber/net membranes based air filters. The average pore areas of TPU nanofiber/nets can be tunable from 0.6504 μm2 to 0.0083 μm2 via the incorporation of different Li+ ion concentrations. The optimized TPU nanofiber/net membranes based air filter demonstrates the attributes of high PM0.1 removal efficiency up to 97.08%, ∼58 Pa pressure drop, 0.061 Pa–1 quality factor, and good optical transparency with the only 6 g·m–2 base weight, which is ground-breaking compared with the existing micro/nanofiber membrane based air filters for ultrafine particle filtration. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:07:16 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Nano Materials | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Nano Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsanm.0c02484 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KC5CFP9K | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:07:16 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:14:53 |
| Autor | Anand Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Samantha B. Kasloff | |
| Autor | Anders Leung | |
| Autor | Todd Cutts | |
| Autor | James E. Strong | |
| Autor | Kevin Hills | |
| Autor | Frank X. Gu | |
| Autor | Paul Chen | |
| Autor | Gloria Vazquez-Grande | |
| Autor | Barret Rush | |
| Autor | Sylvain Lother | |
| Autor | Kimberly Malo | |
| Autor | Ryan Zarychanski | |
| Autor | Jay Krishnan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-16 | |
| Abstrakt | The response to the COVID-19 epidemic is generating severe shortages of personal protective equipment around the world. In particular, the supply of N95 respirator masks has become severely depleted, with supplies having to be rationed and health care workers having to use masks for prolonged periods in many countries. We sought to test the ability of 7 different decontamination methods: autoclave treatment, ethylene oxide gassing (ETO), low temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (LT-HPGP) treatment, vaporous hydrogen peroxide (VHP) exposure, peracetic acid dry fogging (PAF), ultraviolet C irradiation (UVCI) and moist heat (MH) treatment to decontaminate a variety of different N95 masks following experimental contamination with SARS-CoV-2 or vesicular stomatitis virus as a surrogate. In addition, we sought to determine whether masks would tolerate repeated cycles of decontamination while maintaining structural and functional integrity. All methods except for UVCI were effective in total elimination of viable virus from treated masks. We found that all respirator masks tolerated at least one cycle of all treatment modalities without structural or functional deterioration as assessed by fit testing; filtration efficiency testing results were mostly similar except that a single cycle of LT-HPGP was associated with failures in 3 of 6 masks assessed. VHP, PAF, UVCI, and MH were associated with preserved mask integrity to a minimum of 10 cycles by both fit and filtration testing. A similar result was shown with ethylene oxide gassing to the maximum 3 cycles tested. Pleated, layered non-woven fabric N95 masks retained integrity in fit testing for at least 10 cycles of autoclaving but the molded N95 masks failed after 1 cycle; filtration testing however was intact to 5 cycles for all masks. The successful application of autoclaving for layered, pleated masks may be of particular use to institutions globally due to the virtually universal accessibility of autoclaves in health care settings. Given the ability to modify widely available heating cabinets on hospital wards in well-resourced settings, the application of moist heat may allow local processing of N95 masks. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:06:23 | |
| Publikace | Plos One | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 15 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | e0243965 | |
| Extra | Place: San Francisco Publisher: Public Library Science WOS:000600176400068 | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLoS One | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0243965 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZPR8NQR6 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 14:27:53 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:53:26 |
| Autor | Xiaoli Shan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Han Zhang | |
| Autor | Cihui Liu | |
| Autor | Liyan Yu | |
| Autor | Yunsong Di | |
| Autor | Xiaowei Zhang | |
| Autor | Lifeng Dong | |
| Autor | Zhixing Gan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-16 | |
| Abstrakt | Surgical mask is recommended by the World Health Organization for personal protection against disease transmission. However, most of the surgical masks on the market are disposable that cannot be self-sterilized for reuse. Thus, when confronting the global public health crisis, a severe shortage of mask resource is inevitable. In this paper, a novel low-cost electrothermal mask with excellent self-sterilization performance and portability is reported to overcome this shortage. First, a flexible, ventilated, and conductive cloth tape is patterned and adhered to the surface of a filter layer made of melt-blown nonwoven fabrics (MNF), which functions as interdigital electrodes. Then, a graphene layer with premier electric and thermal conductivity is coated onto the MNF. Operating under a low voltage of 3 V, the graphene-modified MNF (mod-MNF) can quickly generate large amounts of heat to achieve a high temperature above 80 degrees C, which can kill the majority of known viruses attached to the filter layer and the mask surface. Finally, the optimized graphene-modified masks based on the mod-MNF filter retain a relatively high particulate matter (PM) removal efficiency and a low-pressure drop. Moreover, the electrothermal masks can maintain almost the same PM removal efficiency over 10 times of electrifying, suggesting its outstanding reusability. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:14:20 | |
| Publikace | Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 50 | |
| Rozsah | 56579-56586 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000600202300101 | |
| ISSN | 1944-8244 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsami.0c16754 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/78DIAWFG | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:14:21 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:44:55 |
| Autor | Uzoamaka A. Eke | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ahizechukwu C. Eke | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction: In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 originated from China, and spread rapidly to several countries, bringing a frightening scarcity of personal protective equipment (PPE). The CDC recommends N95 or higher-level particulate filtering respirators as part of the PPE while caring for patients with COVID-19, with facemasks as an alternative; and cloth face-coverings in public where social distancing of at least 6 ft. is not feasible. With new evidence about the efficacy of facemasks, knowledge gaps remain. Areas covered: This reviews the history of respiratory viral pandemics and PPE use, exploring the influenza pandemics of the 20th and 21st century, and prior coronavirus pandemics. A literature search of PubMed and google was done between March 22nd to May 2nd, and on September 28, 2020. The evidence for PPE is described, to delineate their efficacy and ‘best safe’ practices. Solutions to ameliorate pandemic preparedness to meet surge-capacity to efficiently combat future pandemics, should they arise, are discussed. Expert opinion: PPE, when used appropriately in addition to other infection control measures, is effective protection during respiratory viral pandemics. The current evidence suggests that wearing facemasks in the community is protective, especially if used consistently and correctly with other infection control measures such as hand hygiene. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 13:56:10 | |
| Publikace | Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine | |
| Krátký název | Personal protective equipment in the siege of respiratory viral pandemics | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Rozsah | 1-12 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2021.1865812 PMID: 33322947 | |
| ISSN | 1747-6348 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/17476348.2021.1865812 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Z3SJDRJ5 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 13:56:10 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:06:21 |
| Autor | Abhishek Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anu Sharma | |
| Autor | Yi Chen | |
| Autor | Megan M. Jones | |
| Autor | Stephen T. Vanyo | |
| Autor | Changning Li | |
| Autor | Michelle B. Visser | |
| Autor | Supriya D. Mahajan | |
| Autor | Rakesh Kumar Sharma | |
| Autor | Mark T. Swihart | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-13 | |
| Abstrakt | SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses spread via aerosols generated by infected people. Face masks can limit transmission. However, widespread use of disposable masks consumes tremendous resources and generates waste. Here, a novel material for treating blown polypropylene filtration media used in medical-grade masks to impart antimicrobial activity is reported. To produce thin copper@ZIF-8 core-shell nanowires (Cu@ZIF-8 NWs), Cu NWs are stabilized using a pluronic F-127 block copolymer, followed by growth of ZIF-8 to obtain uniform core-shell structures. The Cu@ZIF-8 NWs are applied to filtration media by dip coating. Aerosol filtration efficiency decreases upon exposure to ethanol (solvent for dip-coating), but increases with addition of Cu@ZIF-8 NWs. Cu@ZIF-8 NWs shows enhanced antibacterial activity, compared to Cu NWs or ZIF-8 alone, against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli. Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 is assayed using virus-infected Vero E6 cells, demonstrating 55% inhibition of virus replication after 48 h by 1 µg of Cu@ZIF-8 NWs per well. Cu@ZIF-8 NWs’ cytotoxicity is tested against four cell lines, and their effect on inflammatory response in A549 cells is examined, demonstrating good biocompatibility. This low-cost, scalable synthesis and straightforward deposition of Cu@ZIF-8 NWs onto filter media has great potential to reduce disease transmission, resource consumption, and environmental impact of waste. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 14:52:01 | |
| Publikace | Advanced Functional Materials | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | 2008054 | |
| Práva | © 2020 Wiley‐VCH GmbH | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adfm.202008054 | |
| ISSN | 1616-3028 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/adfm.202008054 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IAL8KPJ6 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 14:52:01 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:43:43 |
| Autor | Thomas S. Lendvay | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | James Chen | |
| Autor | Brian H. Harcourt | |
| Autor | Florine E. M. Scholte | |
| Autor | F. Selcen Kilinc-Balci | |
| Autor | Ying Ling Lin | |
| Autor | Molly M. Lamb | |
| Autor | Larry F. Chu | |
| Autor | Amy Price | |
| Autor | David Evans | |
| Autor | Yi-Chan Lin | |
| Autor | Christopher N. Mores | |
| Autor | Jaya Sahni | |
| Autor | Kareem B. Kabra | |
| Autor | Eric Harbruge | |
| Autor | Etienne Thiry | |
| Autor | Belinda Heyne | |
| Autor | Jan Laperre | |
| Autor | Sarah Simmons | |
| Autor | Jan M. Davies | |
| Autor | Yi Cui | |
| Autor | Thor Wagner | |
| Autor | Tanner Clark | |
| Autor | Sarah J. Smit | |
| Autor | Rod Parker | |
| Autor | Thomas Gallagher | |
| Autor | Emily Timm | |
| Autor | Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall | |
| Autor | Nicolas Macia | |
| Autor | Cyrus Mackie | |
| Autor | Karen Hope | |
| Autor | Ken Page | |
| Autor | Susan Reader | |
| Autor | Peter Faris | |
| Autor | Olivier Jolois | |
| Autor | Alpa Patel | |
| Autor | Jean-Luc Lemyre | |
| Autor | Vanessa Molloy-Simard | |
| Autor | Kamonthip Homdayjanakul | |
| Autor | Sarah R. Tritsch | |
| Autor | Constance Wielick | |
| Autor | Mark Mayo | |
| Autor | Rebecca Malott | |
| Autor | Jean-Francois Willaert | |
| Autor | Hans Nauwynck | |
| Autor | Lorène Dams | |
| Autor | Simon De Jaeger | |
| Autor | Lei Liao | |
| Autor | Mervin Zhao | |
| Autor | Steven Chu | |
| Autor | John M. Conly | |
| Autor | May C. Chu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in severe shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) necessary to protect front-line healthcare personnel. These shortages underscore the urgent need for simple, efficient, and inexpensive methods to decontaminate SARS-CoV-2-exposed PPE enabling safe reuse of masks and respirators. Efficient decontamination must be available not only in low-resourced settings, but also in well-resourced settings affected by PPE shortages. Methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment, hitherto with many clinical applications including those used to inactivate virus in plasma, presents a novel approach for widely applicable PPE decontamination. Dry heat (DH) treatment is another potential low-cost decontamination method. Methods MB and light (MBL) and DH treatments were used to inactivate coronavirus on respirator and mask material. We tested three N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), two medical masks (MMs), and one cloth community mask (CM). FFR/MM/CM materials were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (a <i>Betacoronavirus</i>), murine hepatitis virus (MHV) (a <i>Betacoronavirus</i>), or porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) (an <i>Alphacoronavirus</i>), and treated with 10 µM MB followed by 50,000 lux of broad-spectrum light or 12,500 lux of red light for 30 minutes, or with 75°C DH for 60 minutes. In parallel, we tested respirator and mask integrity using several standard methods and compared to the FDA-authorized vaporized hydrogen peroxide plus ozone (VHP+O<sub>3</sub>) decontamination method. Intact FFRs/MMs/CM were subjected to five cycles of decontamination (5CD) to assess integrity using International Standardization Organization (ISO), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) test methods. Findings Overall, MBL robustly and consistently inactivated all three coronaviruses with at least a 4-log reduction. DH yielded similar results, with the exception of MHV, which was only reduced by 2-log after treatment. FFR/MM integrity was maintained for 5 cycles of MBL or DH treatment, whereas one FFR failed after 5 cycles of VHP+O<sub>3</sub>. Baseline performance for the CM was variable, but reduction of integrity was minimal. Interpretation Methylene blue with light and DH treatment decontaminated masks and respirators by inactivating three tested coronaviruses without compromising integrity through 5CD. MBL decontamination of masks is effective, low-cost and does not require specialized equipment, making it applicable in all-resource settings. These attractive features support the utilization and continued development of this novel PPE decontamination method. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:26:14 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Krátký název | Addressing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Decontamination | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.12.11.20236919 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/42VRL2MU | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:26:14 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:38:07 |
| Autor | Robert Steinbrook | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-10 | |
| Abstrakt | In November 2020, the US was averaging more than 1 million new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases per week, an astounding number. To make progress against the pandemic, routine and universal use of face masks throughout society is essential.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is “transmitted predominantly by respiratory droplets generated when people cough, sneeze, sing, talk, or breathe,” and masks “reduce the emission of virus-laden droplets” and “help reduce the inhalation of these droplets by the wearer.” In the face of severe shortages of medical-grade masks, public health officials have recommended that the general public wear consumer-grade face masks to protect themselves against COVID-19, such as “non-valved multi-layer cloth masks.” However, there has been considerable discussion and debate about the types of masks that would be best, especially because the shortage of medical grade masks is not as acute as it once was (N95 masks remain in much shorter supply). | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 15:18:57 | |
| Publikace | JAMA Internal Medicine | |
| ISSN | 2168-6106 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | JAMA Internal Medicine | |
| DOI | 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8234 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K84NJ45S | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 15:18:57 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:57:07 |
| Autor | Wonjun Yim | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Diyi Cheng | |
| Autor | Shiv H. Patel | |
| Autor | Rui Kou | |
| Autor | Ying Shirley Meng | |
| Autor | Jesse V. Jokerst | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-09 | |
| Abstrakt | N95 decontamination protocols and KN95 respirators have been described as solutions to a lack of personal protective equipment. However, there are a few material science studies that characterize the charge distribution and physical changes accompanying disinfection treatments, particularly heating. Here, we report the filtration efficiency, dipole charge density, and fiber integrity of N95 and KN95 respirators before and after various decontamination methods. We found that the filter layers in N95 and KN95 respirators maintained their fiber integrity without any deformations during disinfection. The filter layers of N95 respirators were 8-fold thicker and had 2-fold higher dipole charge density than that of KN95 respirators. Emergency Use Authorization (EUA)-approved KN95 respirators showed filtration efficiencies as high as N95 respirators. Interestingly, although there was a significant drop in the dipole charge in both respirators during decontamination, there was no remarkable decrease in the filtration efficiencies due to mechanical filtration. Cotton and polyester face masks had a lower filtration efficiency and lower dipole charge. In conclusion, a loss of electrostatic charge does not directly correlate to the decreased performance of either respirator. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 15:28:59 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 49 | |
| Rozsah | 54473-54480 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 1944-8244 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsami.0c17333 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3NCNFGXW | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 15:28:59 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:01:23 |
| Autor | Luciano De Sio | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bin Ding | |
| Autor | Monica Focsan | |
| Autor | Karin Kogermann | |
| Autor | Paula Pascoal-Faria | |
| Autor | Francesca Petronella | |
| Autor | Geoffrey Mitchell | |
| Autor | Eyal Zussman | |
| Autor | Filippo Pierini | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-07 | |
| Abstrakt | The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency has demonstrated that the utilization of face masks plays a critical role in limiting the outbreaks. Healthcare professionals utilize masks all day long without replacing them very frequently, thus representing a source of cross-infection for patients and themselves. Nanotechnology is a powerful tool with the capability to produce nanomaterials with unique physicochemical and anti-pathogen properties. Here, we outline how to realize non-disposable and highly comfortable respirators with light-triggered self-disinfection ability by bridging bioactive nanofiber properties and stimuli-responsive nanomaterials. The visionary road highlighted in this Concept is based on the possibility to develop a new generation of masks based on multifunctional membranes where the presence of nanoclusters and plasmonic nanoparticles arranged in a hierarchical structure enables the realization of a chemically-driven and on-demand anti-pathogen activities. Multilayer electrospun membranes have the ability to dissipate humidity present within the mask, enhancing the wearability and usability. The photo-thermal disinfected membrane is the core of these 3D printed and reusable masks with moisture pump capability. Personalized face masks with smart nano-assisted destruction of pathogens will bring enormous advantages to the entire global community, especially for front-line personnel, and will open up great opportunities for innovative medical applications. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 14:54:00 | |
| Publikace | Chemistry – A European Journal | |
| Krátký název | Personalized Reusable Face Masks with Smart Nano-Assisted Destruction of Pathogens for COVID-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | 1-49 | |
| Práva | © 2020 Wiley‐VCH GmbH | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/chem.202004875 | |
| ISSN | 1521-3765 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/chem.202004875 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7JRR9V6V | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 14:54:00 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:06:34 |
| Autor | Joshua F. Robinson | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ioatzin Rios de Anda | |
| Autor | Fergus J. Moore | |
| Autor | Florence K. A. Gregson | |
| Autor | Jonathan P. Reid | |
| Autor | Lewis Husain | |
| Autor | Richard P. Sear | |
| Autor | C. Patrick Royall | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-02 | |
| Abstrakt | In the COVID-19 pandemic, among the more controversial issues is the use of face coverings. To address this we show that the underlying physics ensures particles with diameters & 1 $\mu$m are efficiently filtered out by a simple cotton or surgical mask. For particles in the submicron range the efficiency depends on the material properties of the masks, though generally the filtration efficiency in this regime varies between 30 to 60 % and multi-layered cotton masks are expected to be comparable to surgical masks. Respiratory droplets are conventionally divided into coarse droplets (> 5-10 $\mu$m) responsible for droplet transmission and aerosols (< 5-10 $\mu$m) responsible for airborne transmission. Masks are thus expected to be highly effective at preventing droplet transmission, with their effectiveness limited only by the mask fit, compliance and appropriate usage. By contrast, knowledge of the size distribution of bioaerosols and the likelihood that they contain virus is essential to understanding their effectiveness in preventing airborne transmission. We argue from literature data on SARS-CoV-2 viral loads that the finest aerosols (< 1 $\mu$m) are unlikely to contain even a single virion in the majority of cases; we thus expect masks to be effective at reducing the risk of airborne transmission in most settings. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 15:27:23 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2012.01314 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2012.01314 [cond-mat, physics:physics] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2012.01314 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JDW7S6AZ | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 15:27:23 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:22 |
Comment: 5 pages + references, 3 figures
| Autor | Javed Akhtar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Abner Luna Garcia | |
| Autor | Leonardo Saenz | |
| Autor | Sarada Kuravi | |
| Autor | Fangjun Shu | |
| Autor | Krishna Kota | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Day-to-day observations reveal numerous medical and social situations where maintaining physical distancing is either not feasible or not practiced during the time of a viral pandemic, such as, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During these close-up, face-to-face interactions, a common belief is that a susceptible person wearing a face mask is safe, at least to a large extent, from foreign airborne sneeze and cough droplets. This study, for the first time, quantitatively verifies this notion. Droplet flow visualization experiments of a simulated face-to-face interaction with a mask in place were conducted using the particle image velocimetry setup. Five masks were tested in a snug-fit configuration (i.e., with no leakage around the edges): N-95, surgical, cloth PM 2.5, cloth, and wetted cloth PM 2.5. Except for the N-95 mask, the findings showed leakage of airborne droplets through all the face masks in both the configurations of (1) a susceptible person wearing a mask for protection and (2) a virus carrier wearing a mask to prevent the spreading of the virus. When the leakage percentages of these airborne droplets were expressed in terms of the number of virus particles, it was found that masks would not offer complete protection to a susceptible person from a viral infection in close (e.g., <6 ft) face-to-face or frontal human interactions. Therefore, consideration must be given to minimize or avoid such interactions, if possible. This study lends quantitative support to the social distancing and mask-wearing guidelines proposed by the medical research community. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:07:44 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Krátký název | Can face masks offer protection from airborne sneeze and cough droplets in close-up, face-to-face human interactions? | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 32 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 127112 | |
| Extra | Place: Melville Publisher: Amer Inst Physics WOS:000602687900001 | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Phys. Fluids | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0035072 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/R5SMXBL5 | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:07:44 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:36:52 |
| Autor | Chenxing Pei | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Qisheng Ou | |
| Autor | Seong Chan Kim | |
| Autor | Sheng-Chieh Chen | |
| Autor | David Y. H. Pui | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12 | |
| Abstrakt | As COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 24 million confirmed cases globally (as of August 28th, 2020), it is critical to slow down the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 to protect the healthcare system from overload. Wearing a respirator or a mask has been proven as an effective method to protect both the wearer and others, but commercially available respirators and masks should be reserved for healthcare workers under a currently desperate shortage. The use of alternative materials becomes an option for the general public to make the do-it-yourself (DIY) masks, with their efficacy seldom reported. In this study, we tested commercial respirators and masks, furnace filters, vacuum cleaner filters, and common household materials. We evaluated the materials' fractional filtration efficiency and breathing resistance, which are primary factors affecting respiratory protection. To compare the efficiency-resistance tradeoff, the figure of merit of each tested common material was also calculated. Filter media with electrostatic charges (electret) is recommended due to its high efficiency with low flow resistance; multiple-layer household fabrics and sterilization wraps are acceptable materials; a coffee filter is inadvisable due to its low efficiency. The outcome of this study can not only offer guidance for the general public under the current pandemic but also suggest the appropriate alternative respiratory protection materials under heavy air pollution episodes. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:07:43 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Krátký název | Alternative Face Masks Made of Common Materials for General Public | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 20 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 2581-2591 | |
| Extra | Place: Taichung County Publisher: Taiwan Assoc Aerosol Res-Taar WOS:000599189900001 | |
| ISSN | 1680-8584 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.2020.07.0423 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7XHUC5FF | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:07:44 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:50:06 |
| Autor | Melanie Schmutz | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Roland Hischier | |
| Autor | Till Batt | |
| Autor | Peter Wick | |
| Autor | Bernd Nowack | |
| Autor | Patrick Wager | |
| Autor | Claudia Som | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12 | |
| Abstrakt | With the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing facemasks became common. Many initiatives arose to develop new types of reusable textile masks in order to overcome a shortage of surgical masks for the health care personnel and for the civil society. Having such high demand of facemasks raises the question about what factors define their environmental sustainability. This paper presents a first simplified Life-Cycle-Assessment (LCA) comparing surgical masks and 2-layered cotton masks. The aim of the paper is to identify and understand the relevant ecological factors in order to support decision making on how textile masks could be designed in a more sustainable manner. The results of our simplified LCA show that the cotton masks were performing better than the surgical masks and vice versa depending on the environmental impact that was looked at. It was also found that the lifespan and the weight of the cotton masks are two variables having a great importance for their overall environmental performance. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:14:21 | |
| Publikace | Sustainability | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 24 | |
| Rozsah | 10245 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000603248000001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sustainability | |
| DOI | 10.3390/su122410245 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IZG4V8JN | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 14:14:21 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:49:54 |
| Autor | Manish Joshi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Arshad Khan | |
| Autor | BK Sapra | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Recent crisis in the form of COVID-19 has rendered wearing of mask mandatory for patients, health care workers and members of public worldwide. This has caused a sudden shift of focus on availability, effectiveness, re-use and development of face masks/respirators. In the current pandemic situation, the shortage of masks has also led to rethinking on strategies of reuse of masks after due sterilization. This work discusses a quick laboratory methodology to test/determine the particle filtration efficiency of face masks/respirators. The testing parameters include the particle capture efficiency of the mask material/full mask, pressure drop and the fit factor. Two different, simple, make-shift set-ups have been adopted for the present context. The first is used to measure the intrinsic particle capture efficiency and pressure drop of the filter material and the second as a ‘full mask sampler’ to assess the leakages through seams and joints of the mask. Experiments conducted with atomized NaCl test particles on three types of mask viz. commercial N-95 respirator, surgical mask and cloth mask have been used for evolving the methodology. The differences in terms of capture efficiency of aerosol particles for the filter material and for the full mask in face fix/sealed fixture have been linked to improvement of the mask design in development phase. This paper hopes to provide a crucial laboratory link between the mask developers and the certification agencies in the times of urgency. Needless to mention that commercialization of the same is subject to certification from authorized agencies, following standard procedures. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 14:27:15 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Industrial Textiles | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 1528083720975084 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd STM | |
| ISSN | 1528-0837 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Industrial Textiles | |
| DOI | 10.1177/1528083720975084 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5K9AMQIS | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 14:27:15 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 14:07:26 |
| Autor | M M Bandi | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Face masks in general, and N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FRs) that protect against SARS-Cov-2 virion in particular, have become scarce during the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. This work presents practical design principles for the fabrication of electrocharged filtration layers employed in N95 FRs using commonly available materials and easily replicable methods. The input polymer is polypropylene or polystyrene, and can include discarded plastic containers of these materials, and the fabrication setup is based on the cotton candy (CC) principle. The primary parameters underlying the CC principle are translated to simple design rules that allow anyone to construct their own fabrication system from common parts, or employ a commercial cotton candy machine with minimal modifications. Finally, basic characterization results for structural and filtration properties of electrocharged fabrics made using the CC principle are detailed. | |
| Publikace | arXiv.org | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2465581152 | |
| Extra | Place: Ithaca Publisher: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1098/rspa.2020.0469 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CDCVQLU2 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 14:18:09 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:53:13 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-12-01
| Autor | Bob Boogaard | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ali Tas | |
| Autor | Joep Nijssen | |
| Autor | Freek Broeren | |
| Autor | John van den Dobbelsteen | |
| Autor | Vincent Verhoeven | |
| Autor | Jip Pluim | |
| Autor | Sing Dekker | |
| Autor | Eric J. Snijder | |
| Autor | Martijn J. van Hemert | |
| Autor | Sander Herfst | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-26 | |
| Abstrakt | The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic resulted in shortages of production and test capacity of FFP2-respirators. Such facemasks are required to be worn by healthcare professionals when performing aerosol-generating procedures on COVID-19 patients. In response to the high demand and short supply, we designed three models of facemasks that are suitable for local production. As these facemasks should meet the requirements of an FFP2-certified facemask, the newly-designed facemasks were tested on the filtration efficiency of the filter material, inward leakage, and breathing resistance with custom-made experimental setups. In these tests, the facemasks were benchmarked against a commercial FFP2 facemask. The filtration efficiency of the facemask’s filter material was also tested with coronavirus-loaded aerosols under physiologically relevant conditions. This multidisciplinary effort resulted in the design and production of facemasks that meet the FFP2 requirements, and which can be produced at local production facilities. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 15:32:17 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research | |
| ISSN | 2071-1409 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aaqr.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.2020.07.0424 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8XGAZU87 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 15:32:17 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:52:02 |
| Autor | Poonam Chauhan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Aditya Kumar | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-24 | |
| Abstrakt | The highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus has created a havoc effect all over the world in a very short period. The most effective method for precaution of this virus as suggested by WHO is use of PPEs (triple layered face mask, body suits) and social distancing. However, the frontline doctors and medical staff have high risk of exposure to the virus during treatments and removal and discarding of the PPEs. Also the PPEs are of the onetime use and wearing these PPEs in hot and humid seasons is very uncomfortable. A possible solution of this problem is if clothes are anti-bacterial and anti-viral in nature, one single-layered will be sufficient and the spread of virus will also be minimized. Considering this, we have designed a facile and durable anti-wash antimicrobial coating on cloth by aloe vera and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS). In lab scale study, present coating shows good chemical and thermal stability making it reusable multiple times even after repeated washing. The coated cloth reveals the excellent anti-dirt and stain resistance properties leading to complete non-adherence of dirt and stain (e.g. Color, food, ink) on it. Anti-bacterial and anti-fungi properties of the coated cloth were confirmed by doing E. coli (bacteria) and A. Niger (fungus) culture studies, respectively. This coating is imbibed with well-known anti-viral agent aloe vera which inhibits the attachment of the virus on the surface. The water-repellent nature of the coating combined with the use anti-viral agent, aloe vera makes it a potential anti-COVID-19 coating. | |
| Publikace | Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications | |
| Ročník | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 100015 | |
| ISSN | 2666-8939 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.carpta.2020.100015 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2Q3GFMDT | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:36:02 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:49:49 |
| Autor | A.K. Srivastava | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | N. Dwivedi | |
| Autor | C. Dhand | |
| Autor | R. Khan | |
| Autor | N. Sathish | |
| Autor | M.K. Gupta | |
| Autor | R. Kumar | |
| Autor | S. Kumar | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-24 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new virus in the coronavirus family that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), emerges as a big threat to the human race. To date, there is no medicine and vaccine available for COVID-19 treatment. While the development of medicines and vaccines are essentially and urgently required, what is also extremely important is the repurposing of smart materials to design effective systems for combating COVID-19. Graphene and graphene-related materials (GRMs) exhibit extraordinary physicochemical, electrical, optical, antiviral, antimicrobial, and other fascinating properties that warrant them as potential candidates for designing and development of high-performance components and devices required for COVID-19 pandemic and other futuristic calamities. In this article, we discuss the potential of graphene and GRMs for healthcare applications and how they may contribute to fighting against COVID-19. | |
| Publikace | Materials Today Chemistry | |
| Ročník | 18 | |
| Rozsah | 100385 | |
| ISSN | 2468-5194 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials Today Chemistry | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100385 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5CHB2GUF | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:39:12 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:07:21 |
| Autor | Zhenfang Zhang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dongxiao Ji | |
| Autor | Haijun He | |
| Autor | Seeram Ramakrishna | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-24 | |
| Abstrakt | The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has triggered great global public health concern. Face masks are essential tools to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from human to human. However, there are still challenges to prolong the serving life and maintain the filtering performance of the current commercial mask. Filters composed of ultrafine fibers with diameter down to tens of nanometers have the potential to physically block viruses. With adjustable composition and nanostructures, the electrospun ultrafine fiber filter is possible to achieve other necessary functions beyond virus blocking, such as antiviral, transparent, and degradable, making it an important part of fighting the epidemic. In this review, beginning with the basic information of the viruses, we summarize the knowledge of masks and respirators, including the filtering mechanism, structure, classification, and standards. We further present the fabrication method, filtering performance, and reusable potential of electrospun ultrafine fiber-based masks. In the end, we discuss the development directions of ultrafine fibers in protective devices, especially their new functional applications and possible contributions in the prevention and control of the epidemic. | |
| Přístup | 24. 11. 2020 9:59:19 | |
| Publikace | Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 143 | |
| Rozsah | 100594 | |
| ISSN | 0927-796X | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mser.2020.100594 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MZ2HLZN5 | |
| Datum přidání | 24. 11. 2020 9:59:19 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:52:19 |
| Autor | Sumit Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mamata Karmacharya | |
| Autor | Shalik Ram Joshi | |
| Autor | Oleksandra Gulenko | |
| Autor | Juhee Park | |
| Autor | Gun-Ho Kim | |
| Autor | Yoon-Kyoung Cho | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-23 | |
| Abstrakt | Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the increasing demand and disposal of surgical masks has resulted in significant economic costs and environmental impacts. Here, we applied a dual-channel spray-assisted nanocoating hybrid of shellac/copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) to a nonwoven surgical mask, thereby increasing the hydrophobicity of the surface and repelling aqueous droplets. The resulting surface showed outstanding photoactivity (combined photocatalytic and photothermal properties) for antimicrobial action, conferring reusability and self-sterilizing ability to the masks. Under solar illumination, the temperature of this photoactive antiviral mask (PAM) rapidly increased to >70 °C, generating a high level of free radicals that disrupted the membrane of nanosized (∼100 nm) virus-like particles and made the masks self-cleaning and reusable. This PAM design can provide significant protection against the transmission of viral aerosols in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 15:37:37 | |
| Publikace | Nano Letters | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 1530-6984 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Nano Lett. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03725 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UZEKHV65 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 15:37:37 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:06:39 |
| Autor | Chayada Chaiyabutr | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Thanisorn Sukakul | |
| Autor | Chutipon Pruksaeakanan | |
| Autor | Janista Thumrongtharadol Waranya Boonchai | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-21 | |
| Abstrakt | Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, an abrupt behavioural change in the form of the widespread wearing of masks has become prominent.1 Wearing a mask is beneficial in lowering the risk of virus transmission. However, this measure is also known to cause various facial skin problems2, 3, and their incidence might differ with the type of mask used. | |
| Přístup | 23. 11. 2020 16:07:00 | |
| Publikace | Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Práva | This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jdv.17039 | |
| ISSN | 1468-3083 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1111/jdv.17039 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XGERWVW7 | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 16:07:00 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:38:18 |
| Autor | Andrea Hicks | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sila Temizel-Sekeryan | |
| Autor | Wissam Kontar | |
| Autor | Ramin Ghamkhar | |
| Autor | Mónica Rodríguez Morris | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-20 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic sweeping much of the globe is not anticipated to be short in duration, with contingency plans suggesting that it may last at least eighteen months. In the United States, one of the critical issues in coping with the pandemic has been a lack of essential personal protective equipment (PPE), at the local, state, and national level. As COVID-19 is primarily transferred through respiratory routes, adequate respiratory protection is a dire necessity. The shift from durable and reusable medical supplies in recent years to their single use counterparts has reduced the resiliency of the medical system with respect to PPE and other critical supplies in the current pandemic. This work explores the role of reusable compared to single use respiratory protection in the current pandemic, including reprocessing of single use options, from the perspective of number of equivalent protection devices needed. The current state of literature is also reviewed to provide context to this work, with respect to resource procurement. The economic cost of PPE throughout a pandemic is explored, and it is found that utilizing reusable PPE options depending on filter cycling may be less costly. Increased waste production is another issue with the current pandemic, and this is explored utilizing a mass basis, finding that reusable respiratory PPE would generate less waste than using single use PPE in a business as usual scenario. As future outbreaks of COVID-19 are likely along with other future pandemics, this work provides insights at how to prepare from the standpoint of PPE, and in particular respiratory protection. | |
| Publikace | Resources, Conservation and Recycling | |
| Rozsah | 105262 | |
| ISSN | 0921-3449 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Resources, Conservation and Recycling | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105262 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/U3UDYGB7 | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:36:02 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:06:26 |
| Autor | Jinwei Xu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Xin Xiao | |
| Autor | Wenbo Zhang | |
| Autor | Rong Xu | |
| Autor | Sang Cheol Kim | |
| Autor | Yi Cui | |
| Autor | Tyler T. Howard | |
| Autor | Esther Wu | |
| Autor | Yi Cui | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-20 | |
| Abstrakt | Summary Air-filtering masks, also known as respirators, protect wearers from inhaling fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in polluted air, as well as airborne pathogens during a pandemic, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Fibrous medium, used as the filtration layer, is the most essential component of an air-filtering mask. This article presents an overview of the development of fibrous media for air filtration. We first synthesize the literature on several key factors that affect the filtration performance of fibrous media. We then concentrate on two major techniques for fabricating fibrous media, namely, meltblown and electrospinning. In addition, we underscore the importance of electret filters by reviewing various methods for imparting electrostatic charge on fibrous media. Finally, this article concludes with a perspective on the emerging research opportunities amid the COVID-19 crisis. | |
| Publikace | One Earth | |
| Ročník | 3 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 574-589 | |
| ISSN | 2590-3322 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | One Earth | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.10.014 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/H67ICAZP | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:36:01 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:39:23 |
| Autor | Sam E. Grigg | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andrea Zampiron | |
| Autor | Farzan Akbaridoust | |
| Autor | Dileep Chandran | |
| Autor | Natasha E. Holmes | |
| Autor | Paul D.R. Johnson | |
| Autor | Ivan Marusic | |
| Autor | Daryl Jones | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-19 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Due to regional shortages some health services have proposed using surgical masks manufactured from sterilisation wrap. However, there has been little assessment of the safety of this practice. Therefore, we developed our own prototypes and evaluated whether they met regulatory standards. Methods Surgical mask prototypes were manufactured from two thickness grades of commercial sterilisation wrap. Safety was assessed in the context of regulatory standards. As it was not previously reported, we developed and performed differential pressure and synthetic blood penetration resistance experiments in accordance with official methodology. Results Bacterial filtration efficiency was comparable between sterilisation wrap and commercial surgical masks. Both prototypes met regulatory standards for synthetic blood resistance, whilst only our thinner mask fulfilled acceptable differential pressure (‘breathability’) thresholds. Conclusion Acceptable barrier and breathability properties can be achieved with surgical masks produced from sterilisation wrap. Therefore, this may be a reasonable method to supplement stock if required. Unless there are shortages mandating alternatives, health-care workers should always use approved personal protective equipment. | |
| Publikace | Infection, Disease & Health | |
| ISSN | 2468-0451 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Infection, Disease & Health | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.idh.2020.11.001 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6ENAP93V | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:36:01 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:40:54 |
| Autor | Sylvia J. Smullin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Branden D. Tarlow | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction: During a pandemic, when the supply of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) is limited, health care workers may reuse N95 FFRs. Room temperature storage of N95 FFRs—waiting before reuse—could be a simple low-cost method to reduce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) bioburden in such a situation. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention specify this as a strategy for reducing self-contamination risk during a time of N95 FFR shortage.Objective: To review the literature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces to assess room temperature waiting times for bioburden reduction on N95 FFRs.Methods: The literature was searched for studies evaluating room temperature persistence of SARS-CoV-2. A 3-log decay time was extracted from published data for quantitative comparison between different studies. Studies using surgical masks and non-peer-reviewed studies that include N95 FFRs were used to draw conclusions.Key Findings: Experimental and analytical choices vary between studies and impact the estimated 3-log decay time. There is not a clear understanding of which material properties are significant. There are no peer-reviewed studies of virus persistence on an N95 FFR.Discussion and Conclusions: SARS-COV-2 inactivation occurs spontaneously at room temperature. The precise timing depends on factors including humidity, temperature, and surface material. In reviewed studies, a 7-day waiting period encompasses the 3-log reduction in infectious titer of SARS-COV-2 on specific N95 FFRs and surgical masks. Owing to variations between studies and among N95 FFR materials and room temperature conditions, it is impossible to extrapolate from these limited data to assign a precise 3-log decay time for all used N95 FFRs. | |
| Přístup | 24. 11. 2020 10:05:41 | |
| Publikace | Applied Biosafety | |
| Extra | Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers | |
| ISSN | 1535-6760 | |
| Katalog knihovny | liebertpub.com (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1089/apb.20.0055 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/36ICENP2 | |
| Datum přidání | 24. 11. 2020 10:05:41 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:09:49 |
| Autor | Meilu He | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Terence A. Ghee | |
| Autor | Suresh Dhaniyala | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Clothing or garments have been widely used to prevent dermal contact from particles. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a renewed focus on the role of clothing for personal protection. Insufficient attention has, however, been given to understand the relation between fabric parameters and fabric performance for filtration. In this study, two different fabric materials (10 oz denim and A30) – were experimentally tested. The performance of the materials was estimated through both a benchtop test, similar to that used in filter performance studies, and a sleeve test which simulates a segment of the human body. The benchtop test established the relation among face velocity, pressure drop, and penetration. In the sleeve test, aerosol penetrations were determined for different sampling angles and wind conditions. In addition to individual fabric test, penetration measurements were also made with the combination of the two fabrics. The experimental results were used to test the performance of the fabric penetration model that was developed as part of this study. Our fabric penetration model is based on inhomogeneous filtration theory with fiber parameters optimized by experimental benchtop penetration results. The fabric penetration model was used to predict the performance of a fabric sleeve system. The theoretical predictions match with the experimental results well for free stream velocities in the range of 9-18 m s−1. Therefore, without expensive experimental test operation under elevated wind conditions, the penetration of a fabric at different operation conditions can be predicted based on the experimental results in benchtop test. Copyright © 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research | |
| Přístup | 23. 11. 2020 15:57:44 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Krátký název | Aerosol Penetration Through Fabrics | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | ja | |
| Rozsah | 1-13 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1845297 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2020.1845297 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PZV62JDZ | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:57:44 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:38:56 |
| Autor | Liqiao Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Muchuan Niu | |
| Autor | Yifang Zhu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Exposure to respiratory droplets contributes greatly to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the effectiveness of various face coverings to reduce cough-generated airborne particle concentrations at 0.3, 0.9, and 1.8 m away from the source in an indoor environment. We measured the particle number concentration (PNC) and particle size distribution under seven different conditions: (1) no face covering; (2) face shield only; (3) cloth mask; (4) face shield + cloth mask; (5) surgical mask; (6) face shield + surgical mask; (7) N95 respirator or equivalent (i.e., KN95 mask). We observed significant increases in PNCs at 0.3 m under conditions #1-4 and a trend toward an increase at 1.8 m, compared to the background. The face shield by itself provided little protection with a particle reduction of 4 ± 23% relative to no face covering, while the cloth masks reduced the particles by 77 ± 7%. Surgical and N95/KN95 masks performed well and substantially reduced the cough droplets to ≤6% at 0.3 m. In this study, most cough-generated particles were found less than 2.5 µm with an average mode diameter of ∼0.6 µm at 0.3 m. Approximately 80% of the particles ≤2.5 µm were able to travel to 0.9 m, and 10% of the particles ≤1.1 µm likely reached 1.8 m. Based on these results, face coverings, especially surgical and N95/KN95 masks, should be recommended as effective preventive measures to reduce outward transport of respiratory droplets during the COVID-19 pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 23. 11. 2020 15:58:56 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | ja | |
| Rozsah | 1-11 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1846679 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2020.1846679 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UJ2EECMX | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:58:56 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:44:37 |
| Autor | Haiyue Huang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hun Park | |
| Autor | Yihan Liu | |
| Autor | Jiaxing Huang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Summary Transmission of infectious respiratory diseases starts from pathogen-laden respiratory droplets released during coughing, sneezing, or speaking. Here we report an on-mask chemical modulation strategy, whereby droplets escaping a masking layer are chemically contaminated with antipathogen molecules (e.g., mineral acids or copper salts) preloaded on polyaniline-coated fabrics. A colorimetric method based on the color change of polyaniline and a fluorometric method utilizing fluorescence quenching microscopy are developed for visualizing the degree of modification of the escaped droplets by H+ and Cu2+, respectively. It is found that even fabrics with low fiber-packing densities (e.g., 19%) can readily modify 49% of the escaped droplets by number, which accounts for about 82% by volume. The chemical modulation strategy could offer additional public health benefits to the use of face covering to make the sources less infectious, helping to strengthen the response to the current pandemic or future outbreaks of infectious respiratory diseases. | |
| Publikace | Matter | |
| Ročník | 3 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 1791-1810 | |
| ISSN | 2590-2385 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Matter | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.matt.2020.10.012 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TKSN4ZJ2 | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 8:51:47 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:05:21 |
| Autor | Vikram Gopal | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Benjamin E. Nilsson-Payant | |
| Autor | Hollie French | |
| Autor | Jurre Y. Siegers | |
| Autor | Benjamin R. tenOever | |
| Autor | Wai-shing Yung | |
| Autor | Matthew Hardwick | |
| Autor | Aartjan J. W. te Velthuis | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Infections with respiratory viruses can spread via liquid droplets and aerosols, and cause diseases such as influenza and COVID-19. Face masks and other personal protective equipment (PPE) can act as barriers that prevent the spread of respiratory droplets containing these viruses. However, influenza A viruses and coronaviruses are stable for hours on various materials, which makes frequent and correct disposal of these PPE important. Metal ions embedded into PPE may inactivate respiratory viruses, but confounding factors such as absorption of viruses make measuring and optimizing the inactivation characteristics difficult. Here we used polyamide 6.6 (PA66) fibers that had zinc ions embedded during the polymerisation process and systematically investigated if these fibers can absorb and inactivate pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus H1N1. We find that these viruses are readily absorbed by PA66 fabrics and inactivated by zinc ions embedded into this fabric. The inactivation rate (pfu.gram-1.min-1) exceeds the number of active virus particles expelled by a cough and supports a wide range of viral loads. Overall, these results provide new insight into the development of "pathogen-free" PPE and better protection against RNA virus spread. | |
| Přístup | 24. 11. 2020 13:38:28 | |
| Publikace | bioRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2020.11.02.365833 | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.biorxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.11.02.365833 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MQRJ9IDR | |
| Datum přidání | 24. 11. 2020 10:16:11 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:16:05 |
| Autor | Aleksandra Ivanoska-Dacikj | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Urszula Stachewicz | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world dramatically, posing profound challenges to our healthcare infrastructure, economic systems, social and cultural life but also to our freedom. What this pandemic made us realize so far, is that, despite the tremendous advances in medicine and pharmacy, in the initial moments, which are crucial in the containment of spreading of any pandemic, the key role is played by the non-pharmaceutical measures. These measures are the ones that bridge the time between pandemic outbreaks and the development of drugs or vaccines and are crucial for the number of human lives spared. Smart textiles and novel materials as part of the personal protective equipment (PPE) and telemedicine are crucial factors in the healthcare system. Here, we present an overview on the use of textiles in the fight against pandemics, in the past and current COVID-19, we analyze the morphology of the commonly used face masks, made of cotton and typically used polypropylene (PP). We also present the perspective that smart textiles, wearable technologies and novel materials are offering in the fight against future pandemics, mainly as part of the personal protective equipment and telemedicine. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:50:20 | |
| Publikace | REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 59 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 487-505 | |
| Extra | Publisher: De Gruyter Section: REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.degruyter.com | |
| DOI | 10.1515/rams-2020-0048 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QPPY5ZKQ | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:50:20 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:10:47 |
| Autor | Peixin Tang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Zheng Zhang | |
| Autor | Ahmed Y. El-Moghazy | |
| Autor | Nicharee Wisuthiphaet | |
| Autor | Nitin Nitin | |
| Autor | Gang Sun | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Cotton fabrics with durable and reusable daylight-induced antibacterial/antiviral functions were developed by using a novel fabrication process, which employs strong electrostatic interaction between cationic cotton fibers and anionic photosensitizers. The cationic cotton contains polycationic short chains produced by a self-propagation of 2-diehtylaminoehtyl chloride (DEAE-Cl) on the surface of cotton fibers. Then, the fabric (i.e., polyDEAE@cotton) can be readily functionalized with anionic photosensitizers like rose Bengal and sodium 2-anthraquinone sulfate to produce biocidal reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light exposure and consequently provide the photo-induced biocidal functions. The biocidal properties of the photo-induced fabrics (PIFs) were demonstrated by ROS production measurements, bactericidal performance against bacteria (e.g., E coli and L. innocua), and antiviral results against T7 bacteriophage. The PIFs achieved 99.9999% (6 log) reductions against bacteria and the bacteriophage within 60 min of daylight exposure. Moreover, the PIFs showcase excellent washability and photostability, making them ideal materials for reusable face masks and protective suits with improved biological protections compared with traditional PPE. This work demonstrated that the cationized cotton could serve as a platform for different functionalization applications, and the resulting fiber materials could inspire the development of reusable and sustainable PPE with significant bioprotective properties to fight the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the spread of other contagious diseases. | |
| Publikace | Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 44 | |
| Rozsah | 49442-49451 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000589384100014 | |
| ISSN | 1944-8244 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsami.0c15540 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/GSDCZHUC | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 9:49:46 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:40:15 |
| Autor | Kifayat U. Rahman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Elias P. Ferreira-Neto | |
| Autor | Ghaws U. Rahman | |
| Autor | Rashida Parveen | |
| Autor | Andreia S. Monteiro | |
| Autor | Gul Rahman | |
| Autor | Quyet Van Le | |
| Autor | Rafael R. Domeneguetti | |
| Autor | Sidney J.L. Ribeiro | |
| Autor | Sajjad Ullah | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-02 | |
| Abstrakt | This research study reports the formation of flexible and multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid membranes (BC-SiO2-TiO2/Ag) based on bacterial cellulose (BC) that contain photoactive (TiO2) and antibacterial (Ag) components, rendering them photocatalytic, self-cleaning and UV-shielding properties (due to TiO2) as well as antibacterial activity. Coating of BC with sol-gel derived silica and titania particles was achieved through hydrolysis-polycondensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and titanium (IV) isopropoxide, respectively, and a soft hydrothermal treatment (140 °C, 20 h) was used to obtain well-crystalline TiO2. The prepared BC-SiO2-TiO2/Ag photoactive membranes were characterized by an array of analytical techniques including XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS, electronic absorption spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. The morphology of TiO2 coatings changes from a homogenous film-like smooth one to a rougher one consisting of randomly oriented titania particles (170 ± 35 nm) upon increasing the TiO2 loading of the membranes. These prepared photoactive BC-SiO2-TiO2 membranes exhibited excellent TiO2-loading dependent photocatalytic/self-cleaning activity towards crystal violet dye deposited as an over-layer on the surface of the membranes, degrading 97 % of the dye within 50 min of UV illumination. In addition to good photoactivity, the BC-SiO2-TiO2/Ag membranes demonstrated reasonable antibacterial activity against five different bacterial strains under dark conditions. These flexible BC-based hybrid membranes with photocatalytic, self-cleaning, antibacterial properties have the potential to be used in the design of self-cleaning and antibacterial surfaces, filters and facemasks that could be easily disinfected under UV irradiation from a lamp or natural sunlight and safely discarded and even recycled. | |
| Publikace | Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering | |
| Rozsah | 104708 | |
| ISSN | 2213-3437 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104708 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YRMER6CS | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:36:02 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:09 |
| Autor | Eugenia O'Kelly | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Charlotte Pearson | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-02 | |
| Abstrakt | With much of the public around the world depending on fabric face masks to protect themselves and others, it is essential to understand how the protective ability of fabric masks can be enhanced. This study evaluated the protection offered by eighteen fabric masks designs. In addition, it assessed the benefit of including three design features: insert filters, surgical mask underlayers, and nose wires. Measurements of protective ability were taken by measuring the percentage of sodium (NaCl) particles blocked by fabric face masks. As expected, the fabric masks offered low degrees of protection; however, alterations in design showed significant increase in their protective ability. The most effective designs were multi-layered masks that fit tightly to the face and lacked dead space between the user and mask. Also, low air-resistance insert filters and surgical mask underlays provided the greatest increase in protection. The data set file 'Fabric Mask Design Data Set.xlsx' contains the fit factor scores obtained by testing a selection of fabric masks. Fit factor scores were generated by a quantitative fit tester, the Portacount 8038+ manufactured by TSI. Activities listed, such as "Normal Breathing" and "Talking", represent the activities undertaken during fit testing as prescribed by OSHA protocol 29CFR1910.134. INDIVIDUAL SHEETS: "Range of Face Mask & Performance" displays the fit factor scores achieved by the fabric masks tested. Photos of these masks can be found in the dataset. "Surgical Underlay" shows fit factors achieved by wearing a fabric mask over a surgical mask. "Filter Size & Type" compares the benefit to fit factor achieved by inserting various filter sizes and types. "Nose Wire" shows the impact of a flexible wire to help mold the top of the mask to the bridge of the nose. | |
| Přístup | 24. 11. 2020 10:25:32 | |
| Krátký název | Data in support of "Improving Fabric Face Masks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International | |
| Extra | Accepted: 2020-11-02T10:31:11Z type: dataset | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.repository.cam.ac.uk | |
| DOI | 10.17863/CAM.58287 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6JU9CDUZ | |
| Datum přidání | 24. 11. 2020 10:25:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:46:00 |
| Autor | Jeremy Howard | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Austin Huang | |
| Autor | Zhiyuan Li | |
| Autor | Zeynep Tufekci | |
| Autor | Vladimir Zdimal | |
| Autor | Helene-Mari van der Westhuizen | |
| Autor | Arne von Delft | |
| Autor | Amy Price | |
| Autor | Lex Fridman | |
| Autor | Tang Lei-Han | |
| Autor | Viola Tang | |
| Autor | Gregory L Watson | |
| Autor | Christina E Bax | |
| Autor | Reshama Shaikh | |
| Autor | Frederik Questier | |
| Autor | Danny Hernandez | |
| Autor | Larry F Chu | |
| Autor | Christina M Ramirez | |
| Autor | Anne W Rimoin | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-02 | |
| Abstrakt | The science around the use of masks by the general public to impede COVID-19 transmission is advancing rapidly. Policymakers need guidance on how masks should be used by the general population to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In this narrative review, we develop an analytical framework to examine mask usage, considering and synthesizing the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: population impact; transmission characteristics; source control; PPE; sociological considerations; and implementation considerations. A primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is via respiratory droplets, and is known to be transmissible from presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Reducing disease spread requires two things: first, limit contacts of infected individuals via physical distancing and other measures, and second, reduce the transmission probability per contact. The preponderance of evidence indicates that mask wearing reduces the transmissibility per contact by reducing transmission of infected droplets in both laboratory and clinical contexts. Public mask wearing is most effective at reducing spread of the virus when compliance is high. The decreased transmissibility could substantially reduce the death toll and economic impact while the cost of the intervention is low. Given the current shortages of medical masks we recommend the adoption of public cloth mask wearing, as an effective form of source control, in conjunction with existing hygiene, distancing, and contact tracing strategies. Because many respiratory droplets become smaller due to evaporation, we recommend increasing focus on a previously overlooked aspect of mask usage: mask-wearing by infectious people ("source control") with benefits at the population-level, rather than mask-wearing by susceptible people, such as health-care workers, with focus on individual outcomes. We recommend that public officials and governments strongly encourage the use of widespread face masks in public, including the use of appropriate regulation. | |
| Publikace | Preprints | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2414025754 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: MDPI AG | |
| DOI | 10.20944/preprints202004.0203.v4 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YDXX32QB | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:20:29 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 16:05:33 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-11-03
| Autor | Sanjay Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Heow Pueh Lee | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-01 | |
| Abstrakt | In the unfortunate event of the current ongoing pandemic COVID-19, where vaccination development is still in the trial phase, several preventive control measures such as social distancing, hand-hygiene, and personal protective equipment have been recommended by health professionals and organizations. Among them, the safe wearing of facemasks has played a vital role in reducing the likelihood and severity of infectious respiratory disease transmission. The reported research in facemasks has covered many of their material types, fabrication techniques, mechanism characterization, and application aspects. However, in more recent times, the focus has shifted toward the theoretical investigations of fluid flow mechanisms involved in the virus-laden particles’ prevention by using facemasks. This exciting research domain aims to address the complex fluid transport that led to designing a facemask with a better performance. This Review discusses the recent updates on fluid flow dynamics through the facemasks. Key design aspects such as thermal comfort and flow resistance are discussed. Furthermore, the recent progress in the investigations on the efficacy of facemasks for the prevention of COVID-19 spread and the impact of wearing facemasks is presented. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:43:50 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Ročník | 32 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 111301 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Physics of Fluids | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0029767 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K7Y7TA5P | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 11. 2020 13:39:59 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:45:01 |
Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physics of Fluids
| Autor | Paul Diptanu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ayush Gupta | |
| Autor | Anand Kumar Maurya | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Background There is global shortage of Personal Protective Equipment due to COVID-19 pandemic. N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators (N95-FFRs) provide respiratory protection against respiratory pathogens including SARS-CoV-2. There is scant literature on reprocessing methods which can enable reuse of N95-FFRs. Aim We conducted this study to evaluate research done, prior to COVID-19 pandemic, on various decontamination methods for reprocessing of N95-FFRs. Methods We searched 5 electronic databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, Crossref, Ovid, ScienceDirect) and 1 Grey literature database (OpenGrey). We included original studies, published prior to year 2020, which had evaluated any decontamination method on FFRs. Studies had evaluated a reprocessing method against parameters namely physical changes, user acceptability, respirator fit, filter efficiency, microbicidal efficacy and presence of chemical residues post-reprocessing. Findings and conclusions Overall, we found 7887 records amongst which 17 original research articles were finally included for qualitative analysis. Overall, 21 different types of decontamination or reprocessing methods for N95-FFRs were evaluated. Most commonly evaluated method for reprocessing of FFRs was Ultraviolet (Type-C) irradiation (UVGI) which was evaluated in 13/17 (76%) studies. We found published literature was scant on this topic despite warning signs of pandemic of a respiratory illness over the years. Promising technologies requiring expeditious evaluation are UVGI, Microwave generated steam (MGS) and based on Hydrogen peroxide vapor. Global presence of technologies, which have been given Emergency use authorisation for N95-FFR reprocessing, is extremely limited. Reprocessing of N95-FFRs by MGS should be considered for emergency implementation in resource limited settings to tackle shortage of N95-FFRs. | |
| Publikace | PLoS One | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 15 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2462635959 | |
| Extra | Place: San Francisco Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0242474 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RUZ8G5I6 | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:20:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:54:01 |
Copyright - © 2020 Paul et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Název - All India Institute of Medical Sciences; National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-11-21
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US; India; Taiwan
| Autor | Prateek Bahl | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shovon Bhattacharjee | |
| Autor | Charitha de Silva | |
| Autor | Abrar Ahmad Chughtai | |
| Autor | Con Doolan | |
| Autor | C Raina MacIntyre | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Correspondence to Mr Prateek Bahl, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; prateek.bahl@protonmail.com ; Professor C Raina MacIntyre, Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; rainam@protonmail.com To evaluate the effectiveness of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended one- and two-layer cloth face covering against a three-ply surgical mask, we challenged the cloth covering against speaking, coughing and sneezing. The one-layer covering was made using ‘quick cut T-shirt face covering (no-sew method)’ and the two-layer covering was prepared using the sew method prescribed by CDC.1 To provide visual evidence of the efficacy of face coverings we used a tailored LED lighting system (GS Vitec MultiLED PT) along with a high-speed camera (nac MEMRECAM HX-7s) to capture the light scattered by droplets and aerosols expelled during speaking, coughing and sneezing while wearing different types of masks (figure 1 and online supplementary video). Data availability statement All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information References 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). | |
| Publikace | Thorax | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 75 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 1024-1025 | |
| Archiv | ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2451493033 | |
| Extra | Place: London Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group LTD | |
| ISSN | 0040-6376 | |
| DOI | 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215748 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IFBZDACB | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:20:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:55:12 |
Copyright - © 2020 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
Název - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention--CDC
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-10-17
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australia
| Autor | Maria Sabahat | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Muhammad Talha Naeem | |
| Autor | Anusha Sultan Meo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-31 | |
| Abstrakt | Ever since the Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak originated from a local food market of Wuhan, China on 31st December 2019, the modern world has been facing an ongoing crisis in the form of a global pandemic declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March, 2019.1 With meteoric escalation of cases amidst this seemingly endless medical emergency, there is a severe shortage of medical supplies in health care facilities around the globe. With no definitive treatment or vaccine available at present, preventative hygiene measures and social distancing have been the only rays of hope in trying to flatten the disease curve. The N95 surgical mask, a tough yet flexible, non- woven polypropylene fiber FFR (filtering facepiece respirator), forms the cornerstone of personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by healthcare workers to prevent contracting the culprit of this pandemic, SARS-COV2. With the letter “N” standing for “Non-Oil” as a Respirator Rating Letter Class and “95” indicating its 95% efficacy, this mask filters out contaminants that are more than 0.3 microns in particulate size as stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC.)2 | |
| Publikace | Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences Quarterly | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 36 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 1412 | |
| Archiv | ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2457420237 | |
| Extra | Place: Karachi Publisher: AsiaNet Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd. | |
| ISSN | 1682-024X | |
| DOI | 10.12669/pjms.36.6.3342 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K72SDN3R | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:20:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:13:04 |
Copyright - (c)2020 Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
Název - National Institutes of Health; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention--CDC
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-11-05
| Autor | Adem Önal | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Oğuz Özbek | |
| Autor | Sama Nached | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-30 | |
| Abstrakt | In the fight against the new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 causing Covid-19), which emerged in China in 2019 and caused the illness and death of many people all over the world, preventive measures come to the fore as vaccines have not yet been produced. These are physical distance, mask use, and hygiene. The use of masks has become mandatory all over the world and the production of alternative masks continues uninterruptedly. In this study, we aimed to produce an effective and breathing mask against the virus using antiviral and aromatic vegetable oils. As a result of the study, 100% cotton fabrics dyed with anti-microbial effective herbal dyes were treated with anti-viral, breathable vegetable oils, and new types of protective masks against coronavirus were produced, and odor emission times of the produced masks were determined. | |
| Přístup | 3. 11. 2020 10:17:24 | |
| Publikace | Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 7 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 821-826 | |
| Extra | Number: 3 | |
| Katalog knihovny | dergipark.org.tr | |
| DOI | 10.18596/jotcsa.788410 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/X7FTYA7Y | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 10:17:24 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:14:23 |
| Autor | George W Rutherford | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-29 | |
| Abstrakt | Increasing the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections that are asymptomatic with the simple public health measure of universal masking might help make the infection less deadly and increase population-level immunity without severe illnesses and deaths. | |
| Publikace | The New England Journal of Medicine | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 383 | |
| Číslo | 18 | |
| Archiv | ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2455577610 | |
| Extra | Place: Boston Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society | |
| ISSN | 0028-4793 | |
| DOI | 10.1056/NEJMp2026913 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RBT6SQEB | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:20:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:56:07 |
Copyright - Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-10-29
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US
| Autor | Marianne Gnanamuttupulle | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hilary Ntundu Shilanaiman | |
| Autor | Oliver Henke | |
| Autor | Abias Anthon Moshi | |
| Autor | David Msuya | |
| Autor | Kondo Chilonga | |
| Autor | Samuel G Chugulu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Increased demand for wearing face masks, lack of surgical masks and N95 respirators during the coronavirus pandemic created alternative needs for cloth masks. Therefore, to determine filtration efficacy, reusability and duration of wearing new and hand washed cloth masks, the bacteria filtration efficacy was tested using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Cotton cloth masks; single layer without pleats and with pleats, double layer with canvas filter in the middle, double layer with stiff filter in the middle, double layer with pleats on both sides and locally made and imported surgical masks and N95 respirators were used. Bacterial suspension was sprayed over outer surface and swabbed from inner surface at 0hrs, 4thhr, 8thhr and 12thhr. Similar procedure was performed to hand washed and ironed cotton cloth masks. After 24 hours of incubation, single layer without pleats and with pleats had no filtration efficacy(0-100%). Double layer with stiff filter in the middle and double layer with pleats on both sides had higher filtration efficacy(99.96-100%), this filtration efficacy remained up to three occasions of hand washing with soap and water, conferring protection up to 12hours. Filtration efficacy of surgical masks made locally, imported and N95 respirators were 90-100%, 99.99-100%, and 99.99-100% respectively. | |
| Publikace | MDPI AG-Preprints | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2455082237 | |
| DOI | 10.20944/preprints202010.0574.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JT9DAXX6 | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 11. 2020 16:31:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:41:10 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-10-29
| Autor | Samir N. Patel | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh | |
| Autor | Mirataollah Salabati | |
| Autor | Rebecca R. Soares | |
| Autor | John Hinkle | |
| Autor | Jason Hsu | |
| Autor | Sunir J. Garg | |
| Autor | Carl D. Regillo | |
| Autor | Allen C. Ho | |
| Autor | Michael N. Cohen | |
| Autor | M. Ali Khan | |
| Autor | Yoshihiro Yonekawa | |
| Autor | Allen Chiang | |
| Autor | Omesh P. Gupta | |
| Autor | Ajay E. Kuriyan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Purpose To investigate bacterial dispersion with patient face mask use during simulated intravitreal injections. Design Prospective cross-sectional study MethodsSetting Single-center Study Population Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited Intervention Each participant was instructed not to speak for 2-minutes, simulating a “no-talking” policy, while in an ophthalmic examination chair with an blood agar plate secured to the forehead and wearing various face masks (no mask, loose fitting surgical mask, tight-fitting surgical mask without tape, tight-fitting surgical mask with adhesive tape securing the superior portion of the mask, N95 mask, and cloth mask). Each scenario was then repeated while reading a 2-minute script, simulating a talking patient. Main Outcome Measures Number of colony-forming units (CFU) and microbial species. Results During the “no-talking” scenario, subjects wearing a tight-fitting surgical mask with tape developed fewer CFUs compared to subjects wearing the same mask without tape (difference, 0.93CFU; 95%CI, 0.32–1.55; P=.003). During the speech scenarios, subjects wearing a tight-fitting surgical mask with tape had significantly fewer CFUs compared to subjects without a face mask (difference, 1.07CFU; P=.001), subjects with a loose face mask (difference, 0.67; P=.034), and subjects with a tight face mask without tape (difference, 1.13; P<.001). There was no difference between those with a tight-fitting surgical mask with tape and an N95 mask in the “no-talking” (P>.99) and “speech” (P=.831) scenarios. No oral flora was isolated in “no-talking” scenarios, but was isolated in 8/75 (11%) cultures in speech scenarios (P=.02). Conclusion Addition of tape to the superior portion of a patient’s face mask reduced bacterial dispersion during simulated intravitreal injections, and had no difference in bacterial dispersion compared to wearing N95 masks. | |
| Přístup | 3. 11. 2020 8:51:15 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Ophthalmology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 223 | |
| Rozsah | 178-183 | |
| ISSN | 0002-9394 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | American Journal of Ophthalmology | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.10.017 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/AXKFVVDS | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 8:51:15 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:10:16 |
Copyright - ©2020. Elsevier Inc.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-03-16
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US
| Autor | Hiroshi Ueki | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yuri Furusawa | |
| Autor | Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto | |
| Autor | Masaki Imai | |
| Autor | Hiroki Kabata | |
| Autor | Hidekazu Nishimura | |
| Autor | Yoshihiro Kawaoka | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Guidelines from the CDC and the WHO recommend the wearing of face masks to prevent the spread of coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the protective efficiency of such masks against airborne transmission of infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) droplets/aerosols is unknown. Here, we developed an airborne transmission simulator of infectious SARS-CoV-2-containing droplets/aerosols produced by human respiration and coughs and assessed the transmissibility of the infectious droplets/aerosols and the ability of various types of face masks to block the transmission. We found that cotton masks, surgical masks, and N95 masks all have a protective effect with respect to the transmission of infective droplets/aerosols of SARS-CoV-2 and that the protective efficiency was higher when masks were worn by a virus spreader. Importantly, medical masks (surgical masks and even N95 masks) were not able to completely block the transmission of virus droplets/aerosols even when completely sealed. Our data will help medical workers understand the proper use and performance of masks and determine whether they need additional equipment to protect themselves from infected patients. IMPORTANCE Airborne simulation experiments showed that cotton masks, surgical masks, and N95 masks provide some protection from the transmission of infective SARS-CoV-2 droplets/aerosols; however, medical masks (surgical masks and even N95 masks) could not completely block the transmission of virus droplets/aerosols even when sealed. | |
| Přístup | 24. 11. 2020 10:28:12 | |
| Publikace | mSphere | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 5 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2020 Ueki et al.. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Journals Section: Observation PMID: 33087517 | |
| ISSN | 2379-5042 | |
| Katalog knihovny | msphere.asm.org | |
| DOI | 10.1128/mSphere.00637-20 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2VX5KS3M | |
| Datum přidání | 24. 11. 2020 10:28:12 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:50:53 |
| Autor | Yusuf Wibisono | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Cut Rifda Fadila | |
| Autor | Saiful Saiful | |
| Autor | Muhammad Roil Bilad | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Since the widespread of severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease, the utilization of face masks has become omnipresent all over the world. Face masks are believed to contribute to an adequate protection against respiratory infections spread through micro-droplets among the infected person to non-infected others. However, due to the very high demands of face masks, especially the N95-type mask typically worn by medical workers, the public faces a shortage of face masks. Many papers have been published recently that focus on developing new and facile techniques to reuse and reinforce commercially available face masks. For instance, the N95 mask uses a polymer-based (membrane) filter inside, and the filter membrane can be replaced if needed. Another polymer sputtering technique by using a simple cotton candy machine could provide a cheap and robust solution for face mask fabrication. This review discuss the novel approaches of face mask reuse and reinforcement specifically by using membrane-based technology. Tuning the polymeric properties of face masks to enhance filterability and virus inactivity is crucial for future investigation. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 16:26:26 | |
| Publikace | Polymers | |
| Krátký název | Facile Approaches of Polymeric Face Masks Reuse and Reinforcements for Micro-Aerosol Droplets and Viruses Filtration | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 2516 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 11 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/polym12112516 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/584MTI4Q | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 16:26:26 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:56:12 |
| Autor | Roland Yan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Steve Chillrud | |
| Autor | Debra L Magadini | |
| Autor | Beizhan Yan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-27 | |
| Abstrakt | The U.S. CDC announced on 04/03/2020 that all citizens should wear face coverings when in public, potentially increasing demand for medical face masks from the public and exacerbating mask shortages for Covid-19 response staff. One solution is reuse after disinfectionfor the general public. Prior studieshaveshown that heating for 30 mins at 70°C or above effectively kills SARS, including SARS-CoV-2,and Influenza viruses on masks. Black carbon (BC) particles generated from a kerosene-lamp were used as a proxy for Coronavirus aerosols to test mask performance after disinfection given overlapping size distributions.We determined filtration efficiency(FE) measurements by comparing BC values on both sides of the respirators or masks (Moldex N95and 3M N95respirators, HSI surgicalmasks) placed under vacuum on mannequins. To obtain the maximum FE, each mask type was first measured while taped or modifiedto tightly fit a mannequin’s face when new and after each heating cycle. No reduction in average FEwas observed even after 10 disinfection cycles,with FEstatistically greater than 95% for N95 respiratorsand 70% for surgical masks. In sharp contrast, the FEof all medical masks with no additional sealing decreased to ~ 40%, confirming the effectiveness of facial masks relies upon a tight fit. For solving this issue, we designed a method for making individualized custom nose clips to hold a mask tightly to face; FE of 3M N95 respiratorsand surgical masks remained above 95% and 80%, respectively. Surprisingly, the FE of three homemade thick cloth coverings (in normal use) were 55%. Though more work is stillneeded, this result supports the public announcements that the public could wear cloth coverings instead of N95 respiratorsor surgical masks in low-risk environments. When worn with a customized nose clip, N95 respiratorsand surgical masks have higher FE than the CDC design for cloth coverings. | |
| URL | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344810106_Developing_home-disinfection_and_filtration_efficiency_improvement_methods_for_N95_respirators_and_surgical_facial_masks_stretching_supplies_and_better_protection_during_the_ongoing_COVID-19_Pandemic | |
| Publikace | Journal of the International Society for Respiratory Protection | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 37 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 19-35 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Zotero | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MNAWUIBH | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 9:42:19 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:22 |
| Autor | Zheng Zhang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ahmed Y. El-Moghazy | |
| Autor | Nicharee Wisuthiphaet | |
| Autor | Nitin Nitin | |
| Autor | Diego Castillo | |
| Autor | Brian G. Murphy | |
| Autor | Gang Sun | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-22 | |
| Abstrakt | During the development of antibacterial and antiviral materials for personal protective equipment (PPE), daylight active functional polymeric materials containing vitamin K compounds (VKs) and impacts of polymer structures to the functions were investigated. As examples, hydrophobic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) polymers were directly blended with three VK compounds and electrospun into VK-containing nanofibrous membranes (VNFMs). The prepared VNFMs exhibited robust photoactivity in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under both daylight (D65, 300–800 nm) and ultraviolet A (UVA, 365 nm) irradiation, resulting in high antimicrobial and antiviral efficiency (>99.9%) within a short exposure time (<90 min). Interestingly, the PVA-co-PE/VK3 VNFM showed higher ROS production rates and better biocidal functions than those of the PAN/VK3 VNFM under the same photoirradiation conditions, indicating that PVA-co-PE is a better matrix polymer material for these functions. Moreover, the prepared PVA-co-PE/VK3 VNFM maintains its powerful microbicidal function even after five times of repeated exposures to bacteria and viruses, showing the stability and reusability of the antimicrobial materials. The fabrication of photoinduced antimicrobial VNFMs may provide new insights into the development of non-toxic and reusable photoinduced antimicrobial materials that could be applied in personal protective equipment with improved biological protections. | |
| Přístup | 3. 11. 2020 10:00:46 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 1944-8244 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsami.0c14883 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/SIESH9VV | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 10:00:46 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:46:15 |
| Autor | Daniel Berger | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Chad Eichfeld | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-20 | |
| Abstrakt | Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the filtration efficiency of selected household materials and commercial fabrics for use in mask construction to provide protection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). Methods: A particle counter was utilized to measure particle penetration through each of the material samples and filtration efficiencies were calculated for the following particle sizes: 0.3 µm, 0.5 µm, 1 µm, 3 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm. Samples included a N95 respirator, KN95 respirator, cleanroom mask, MERV 13 and 15 HVAC filters, paper towels, polypropylene shop towels, meltblown fabric, surgical sterilization wrap, cotton, and various wools. Some samples were measured in multiple layers. Results: The N95 respirator, meltblown fabric samples that were layered in 4 or more plys, and 2-ply MERV 15 bag filter had a filtration efficiency consistent with the NIOSH requirements for an N95 respirator with filtration efficiencies at 0.3 µm of 98.0%, 95.4%, and 95.1%, respectively. Of the samples tested that did not meet the N95 specifications, the cleanroom mask and KN95 respirator were the closest, with a filtration efficiency at 0.3 µm of 86.3% and 83.9%, respectively. Of the non-traditional filter materials tested, the sterilization wrap layered in 2 or more plys, paper towels in 3 or more plys, and some of the wool felt samples had filtration efficiencies that were markedly superior to those of the cotton and shop towel samples. Conclusions: While some of the filter materials tested had a filtration efficiency that met NIOSH N95 respirator requirements, most of the non-traditional filter materials tested were inferior to commercially manufactured masks. However, when used in multiple plys, some did provide superior filtration to the materials currently recommended to the public for mask use. Therefore, they may be beneficial for use in homemade masks for the public or as a layer in a composite mask for healthcare workers. Further testing of these materials for filter parameters such as pressure drop, durability, and safety is recommended before using them to produce masks. | |
| Přístup | 3. 11. 2020 9:47:37 | |
| Publikace | Penn State Journal of Medicine | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 1 | |
| Číslo | Fall 2020 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2020 Daniel Berger, Chad Eichfeld | |
| ISSN | 2689-7350 | |
| Katalog knihovny | journals.psu.edu | |
| DOI | 10.26209/psjm61989 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FDPTEGHQ | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 9:47:37 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:07:31 |
| Autor | Parnia Forouzandeh | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kris O'Dowd | |
| Autor | Suresh C. Pillai | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-15 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) throughout the world. This shortage has resulted in an increase in production of PPE to meet the demand, and as a result, several substandard equipment has entered the market. With face masks and respirators now beginning to see widespread use throughout the world, the standards and test with which they are required to undertake have become points of interest. The filtration efficiency of the masks is a key testing element that examines its ability to filter particles, bacteria and viruses; this examines the penetration efficiency percentage of each with lower results being preferable. Masks are also subjected to NaCl testing method, which allows a range of particle sizes to be examined and their penetration to be observed. The masks must also show considerable resistance to fluids and flames, to prevent the penetration of liquids and to be non-flammable. Various PPE testing protocols such as biological, chemical, fluid and flame resistances, protective ensemble, facepiece fit testing, NIOSH NaCl method and impact protection have been discussed. In addition, various tests involving bacterial and viral filtration efficiencies are also discussed. Differential pressure is examined to ascertain the comfort, airflow and breathability of the masks, whilst fit testing is examined to ensure a correct fit of the mask. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 15:09:43 | |
| Publikace | Safety Science | |
| Krátký název | Face masks and respirators in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 133 | |
| ISSN | 0925-7535 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Safety Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104995 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/J4ZSTTIR | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 15:09:43 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:53:14 |
| Autor | W. Cary Hill | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Matthew S. Hull | |
| Autor | Robert MacCuspie | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Shortages in the availability of personal protective face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic required many to fabricate masks and filter inserts from available materials. While the base filtration efficiency of a material is of primary importance when a perfect seal is possible, ideal fit is not likely to be achieved by the average person preparing to enter a public space or even a healthcare worker without fit-testing before each shift. Our findings suggest that parameters including permeability and pliability can play a strong role in the filtration efficiency of a mask fabricated with various filter media, and that the filtration efficiency of loosely fitting masks/respirators against ultrafine particulates can drop by more than 60% when worn compared to the ideal filtration efficiency of the base material. Further, a test method using SARS-CoV-2 virion-sized silica nanoaerosols is demonstrated to assess the filtration efficiency against nanoparticulates that follow air currents associated with mask leakage. | |
| Publikace | Nano Letters | |
| Krátký název | Testing of Commercial Masks and Respirators and Cotton Mask Insert Materials using SARS-CoV-2 Virion-Sized Particulates | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 20 | |
| Číslo | 10 | |
| Rozsah | 7642-7647 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: Amer Chemical Soc WOS:000613073900016 | |
| ISSN | 1530-6984 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Nano Lett. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03182 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/B79NZB3U | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 16:27:12 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 15:39:52 |
| Autor | Haifeng Zhang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Nuo Liu | |
| Autor | Qianru Zeng | |
| Autor | Jinxin Liu | |
| Autor | Xing Zhang | |
| Autor | Mingzheng Ge | |
| Autor | Wei Zhang | |
| Autor | Suying Li | |
| Autor | Yijun Fu | |
| Autor | Yu Zhang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-13 | |
| Abstrakt | Electret filters are widely used in particulate matter filtration due to their filtration efficiency that can be greatly improved by electrostatic forces without sacrificing the air resistance. However, the attenuation of the filtration efficiency remains a challenge. In this study, we report a novel strategy for producing an electret melt blown filter with superior filtration efficiency stability through a thermally stimulated charging method. The proposed approach optimizes the crystal structure and therefore results in the increased production probability of the charge traps. In addition, the re-trapping phenomenon caused by the thermal stimulation during the charging process can greatly increase the proportion of deep charge to shallow charge and improve the charge stability. A superior electret melt blown filtration material with a high filtration efficiency of 99.65%, low pressure drop of 120 Pa, and satisfactory filtration efficiency stability was produced after three cyclic charging times. The excellent filtration performance indicated that the developed material is a good air filtration candidate component for personal protection applications. | |
| Přístup | 3. 11. 2020 15:25:59 | |
| Publikace | Polymers | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 10 | |
| Rozsah | 2341 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 10 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/polym12102341 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FQ7JGALK | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 15:25:59 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:49:33 |
| Autor | Neva Jacobs | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kathy Chan | |
| Autor | Veruscka Leso | |
| Autor | Andrea D’Anna | |
| Autor | Dana Hollins | |
| Autor | Ivo Iavicoli | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Various decontamination methods that may be used to extend respirator inventories have been examined for over a decade. In light of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, many health-care settings are now implementing these techniques amid respirator shortages. We sought to perform a critical review of the available literature regarding decontamination methods to determine which strategies are effective at inactivating the target organism, preserve performance (filter efficiency and fit) of the respirator, leave no residual toxicity from the treatment, and are fast-acting, inexpensive, and readily available. We also identified areas for future research. We found that ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is the most widely studied method, and treatments are effective at inactivating SARS-CoV-2 without diminishing filtration efficiency or fit. These treatments were found to leave no residual toxicity for the wearer, have a relatively short cycle time of less than 1 h, and existing systems can likely be retrofitted to accommodate this method. Further, UVGI (among other treatment methods) has been recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and respirator manufacturers. Methods involving microwave-generated steam also show potential in that they are likely effective against SARS-CoV-2, preserve performance, have no residual toxicity, require a short duration treatment cycle (often less than 10 min), and microwave ovens are inexpensive and readily available. Steam methods are currently recommended by the CDC, OSHA, and manufacturers. These respirator decontamination methods are likely also useful against other viruses or pathogens. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 15:00:48 | |
| Publikace | Toxicology and Industrial Health | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd STM | |
| ISSN | 0748-2337 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Toxicol Ind Health | |
| DOI | 10.1177/0748233720964652 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JAPU2AFB | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:00:48 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:35:40 |
| Autor | E Toomey | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Y Conway | |
| Autor | C Burton | |
| Autor | S Smith | |
| Autor | M Smalle | |
| Autor | XHS Chan | |
| Autor | A Adisesh | |
| Autor | S Tanveer | |
| Autor | L Ross | |
| Autor | I Thomson | |
| Autor | D Devane | |
| Autor | T Greenhalgh | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: Shortages of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the extended use or re-use of single-use respirators and surgical masks by frontline healthcare workers. The evidence base underpinning such practices warrants examination. Objectives: To synthesise current guidance and systematic review evidence on extended use, re-use, or reprocessing of single-use surgical masks or filtering facepiece respirators. Data sources: World Health Organization, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Public Health England websites to identify guidance. Medline, Pubmed, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Database and preprint servers for systematic reviews. Methods: Two reviewers conducted screening and data extraction. Quality of included systematic reviews was appraised using AMSTAR-2. Findings were narratively synthesised. Results: Six guidance documents were identified. Levels of detail and consistency across documents varied. Four high-quality systematic reviews were included: three focused on reprocessing (decontamination) of N95 respirators, one on reprocessing of surgical masks. Vaporised hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation were highlighted as the most promising reprocessing methods, but evidence on the relative efficacy and safety of different methods was limited. We found no well-established methods for reprocessing respirators at scale. Conclusions: There is limited evidence on the impact of extended use and re-use of surgical masks and respirators and gaps and inconsistencies exist in current guidance. Where extended use or re-use is being practiced, healthcare organisations should ensure that policies and systems are in place to ensure these practices are carried out safely and in line with available guidance. | |
| Publikace | Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Rozsah | 1-25 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2449368891 | |
| Extra | Publication Title: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | |
| DOI | 10.1017/ice.2020.1243 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/SX42JEAI | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 11. 2020 16:31:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:54:34 |
Copyright - © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://www.stm-assoc.org/about-the-industry/coronavirus-2019-ncov/.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-10-26
| Autor | Cindy Gustavia Dwirusman | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease with an etiology of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was found in pneumonic patient in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. 2019-nCoV infection causes various clinical manifestations such as fever, dry cough, dyspnoe, chest pain, fatigue and myalgia. Health and safety protocols plays a vital role in preventing COVID-19 transmission. Face mask is an example of preventive measure for coronavirus disease 2019. there are various types of mask made of different materials with different functions such as N95 mask, surgical or medical mask, and mask made of cloth. Every type of mask has its own effectivity as well as filtration capabilities. The effectivity of a mask is affected by several factors such as type of material, pandemic usage, healthcare workers and public usage, and other safety measures including hand washing, social distancing and the use of other Personal Protective Equipments (PPE). Acknowledging filtration effectivity of each mask is expected to increase the accurate of of mask to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 15:40:57 | |
| URL | http://jurnalmedikahutama.com/index.php/JMH/article/view/104 | |
| Publikace | Jurnal Medika Hutama | |
| Ročník | 2 | |
| Číslo | 01 | |
| Rozsah | 412-420 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2020 | |
| Extra | Number: 01 | |
| ISSN | 2715-9728 | |
| Katalog knihovny | jurnalmedikahutama.com | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RGH3DB84 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:40:57 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:22 |
| Autor | Anas Aljabo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Eva Mueller | |
| Autor | Dabeer Abdul-Azeez | |
| Autor | Todd Hoare | |
| Autor | Arun Jain | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-02 | |
| Abstrakt | Background COVID-19 has significantly impacted the health of millions of people around the world. The shortage of personal protective equipment, including N95 respirators, in hospital facilities has put frontline healthcare professionals at high risk for contracting this virus. Aim To develop a reproducible and safe N95 respirator reprocessing method that satisfies all presented regulatory standards and can be directly implemented by hospitals using existing available equipment. Methods A non-toxic gravity steam reprocessing method has been developed for the reuse of N95 respirators consisting of 30 minutes of steam treatment at 121°C followed by 30 minutes of heat drying. Samples of model number 1860, 1860s, 1870+, and 9105 N95 respirators were either collected from hospitals (for microbiology testing) or purchased new (for functionality testing), with all functionality tests (i.e. filter efficiency, fit evaluation, and strap integrity) performed at the Centers for Disease Control using standard procedures established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Findings All tested models passed the minimum filter efficiency of 95% after three cycles of gravity steam reprocessing. The 1870+ N95 respirator model is the most promising model for reprocessing based on its efficient bacterial inactivation coupled with the maintenance of all other key functional respirator properties after multiple reprocessing steps. Conclusions The gravity steam method can effectively reprocess N95 respirators over at least 3 reprocessing cycles without negatively impacting the functionality requirements set out by regulators. Enabling the reuse of N95 respirators is a crucial tool for managing both the current pandemic and future healthcare crises. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 15:06:31 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0195-6701 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.032 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3HJBV544 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:06:31 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:38 |
| Autor | Anthony Paulo Sunjaya | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Lidia Morawska | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Despite numerous masking recommendations from public health agencies, including the World Health Organization, editorials, and commentaries providing support for this notion, none had examined different homemade masks or demonstrated that perhaps not all cloth masks are the same. This article aims to provide evidence-based recommendations on cloth-mask materials, its design, and, importantly, its maintenance. Articles were obtained from PubMed and preprint servers up to June 10, 2020. Current evidence suggests that filtration effectiveness can range from 3% to 95%. Multiple layer (hybrid) homemade masks made from a combination of high density 100% cotton and materials with electrostatic charge would be more effective than one made from a single material. Mask fit greatly affects filtration efficiency, and adding an overhead knot or nylon overlay potentially provides the best fit for cloth masks. There is a paucity of evidence for masks maintenance as most studies are in the laboratory setting; however, switching every 4 hours as in medical masks and stored in dedicated containers while awaiting disinfection is recommended. Outside of these recommendations to improve the effectiveness of cloth masks to reduce infection transmission, there is a need for countries to set up independent testing labs for homemade masks made based on locally available materials. This can use existing occupational health laboratories usually used for accrediting masks and respirators. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:07:44 | |
| Publikace | Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | E42-E46 | |
| Extra | Place: New York Publisher: Cambridge Univ Press WOS:000601244100012 | |
| ISSN | 1935-7893 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Dis. Med. Public Health Prep. | |
| DOI | 10.1017/dmp.2020.317 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8GSHQYNN | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:06:17 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:51:02 |
Copyright - © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://www.stm-assoc.org/about-the-industry/coronavirus-2019-ncov/.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-09-10
| Autor | Keri Stephens | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-29 | |
| Abstrakt | Facing a shortage of the masks early this year, researchers considered a number of ways to disinfect them for reuse, including ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide vapors, autoclaves and chemical disinfectants. Working at the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, which has biosafety measures in place for working with the most contagious viruses, the team first mixed up batches of SARS-CoV-2 virus in liquids designed to mimic the fluids that might spray out of our mouths when we cough, sneeze, sing or simply breathe. [...]they heated their samples at temperatures ranging from 25° to 95° Celsius for up to 30 minutes with relative humidity up to 100%. | |
| URL | https://search.proquest.com/docview/2447105765?accountid=17116 | |
| Publikace | AXIS Imaging News | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2447105765 | |
| Extra | Place: Overland Park Publisher: Anthem Media Group | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ESLS35KK | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 14:58:23 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:22 |
Copyright - Copyright Anthem Media Group Sep 29, 2020
Název - University of Texas
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-09-29
| Autor | Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-26 | |
| Abstrakt | The population is constantly exposed to pathogenic infectious agents. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) helps reduce the spread of disease among the population and prevent pandemic scenarios. There are nanoparticles (NPs) with biocidal properties that can improve the functionality of PPE. This article discusses the achievements in developing nanostructured biocides and methods for functionalizing textile materials using NPs from such kind of compounds. This will allow the production of PPE of a new generation with the capabilities of active health protection. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 15:45:08 | |
| URL | https://latamt.ieeer9.org/index.php/transactions/article/view/4388 | |
| Publikace | IEEE Latin America Transactions | |
| Krátký název | Prospects for Further Development of Face Masks to Minimize Pandemics – Functionalization of Textile Materials with Biocide Inorganic Nanoparticles | |
| Jazyk | es | |
| Ročník | 100 | |
| Číslo | 1e | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2020 IEEE Latin America Transactions | |
| Extra | Number: 1e | |
| ISSN | 1548-0992 | |
| Katalog knihovny | latamt.ieeer9.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | IEEE LATAMT | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/94CZY8QN | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:45:08 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:22 |
| Autor | Stephen Salter | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-24 | |
| Abstrakt | Because asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 produce respiratory droplets that can remain suspended in air for several hours, social distancing may not be a reliable physical barrier to transmission. During the COVID-19 pandemic, however, some governments were reluctant to mandate public mask use out of concern this would worsen shortages of respirators for healthcare workers. Cloth masks with a filtering effectiveness of 70–90% can be made from widely available materials, and are a better option than respirators for the public. Countries could rapidly implement Effective Fiber Mask Programs (EFMPs) to use local resources to mass produce effective and affordable cloth masks, and to engage the public in their correct use. EFMPs could be a cost-effective measure to ease isolation while limiting new infections during pandemics. EFMPs could also protect healthcare workers by increasing the supply of respirators for their use, reducing their risk of acquiring the illness from their communities, and by reducing the number of patients they must treat. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 15:37:16 | |
| Publikace | Risk Analysis | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Práva | © 2020 Society for Risk Analysis | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/risa.13602 | |
| ISSN | 1539-6924 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1111/risa.13602 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9W5GRVG8 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:37:16 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:09:06 |
| Autor | Sima Asadi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Christopher D. Cappa | |
| Autor | Santiago Barreda | |
| Autor | Anthony S. Wexler | |
| Autor | Nicole M. Bouvier | |
| Autor | William D. Ristenpart | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-24 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a surge in demand for facemasks to protect against disease transmission. In response to shortages, many public health authorities have recommended homemade masks as acceptable alternatives to surgical masks and N95 respirators. Although mask wearing is intended, in part, to protect others from exhaled, virus-containing particles, few studies have examined particle emission by mask-wearers into the surrounding air. Here, we measured outward emissions of micron-scale aerosol particles by healthy humans performing various expiratory activities while wearing different types of medical-grade or homemade masks. Both surgical masks and unvented KN95 respirators, even without fit-testing, reduce the outward particle emission rates by 90% and 74% on average during speaking and coughing, respectively, compared to wearing no mask, corroborating their effectiveness at reducing outward emission. These masks similarly decreased the outward particle emission of a coughing superemitter, who for unclear reasons emitted up to two orders of magnitude more expiratory particles via coughing than average. In contrast, shedding of non-expiratory micron-scale particulates from friable cellulosic fibers in homemade cotton-fabric masks confounded explicit determination of their efficacy at reducing expiratory particle emission. Audio analysis of the speech and coughing intensity confirmed that people speak more loudly, but do not cough more loudly, when wearing a mask. Further work is needed to establish the efficacy of cloth masks at blocking expiratory particles for speech and coughing at varied intensity and to assess whether virus-contaminated fabrics can generate aerosolized fomites, but the results strongly corroborate the efficacy of medical-grade masks and highlight the importance of regular washing of homemade masks. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:06:23 | |
| URL | https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/summary/7de88872-ca6d-4ff6-a680-d2aee59cd097-005b68a6/relevance/10 | |
| Publikace | Scientific Reports | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 15665 | |
| Extra | Place: Berlin Publisher: Nature Research WOS:000606529200001 | |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sci Rep | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-020-72798-7 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6MAJGYWS | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:44:45 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:55:18 |
| Autor | Rafael K. Campos | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jing Jin | |
| Autor | Grace H. Rafael | |
| Autor | Mervin Zhao | |
| Autor | Lei Liao | |
| Autor | Graham Simmons | |
| Autor | Steven Chu | |
| Autor | Scott C. Weaver | |
| Autor | Wah Chiu | |
| Autor | Yi Cui | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-21 | |
| Abstrakt | In March of 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The pandemic led to a shortage of N95-grade filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), especially surgical-grade N95 FFRs for protection of healthcare professionals against airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We and others have previously reported promising decontamination methods that may be applied to the recycling and reuse of FFRs. In this study we tested disinfection of three viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, dried on a piece of meltblown fabric, the principal component responsible for filtering of fine particles in N95-level FFRs, under a range of temperatures (60–95 °C) at ambient or 100% relative humidity (RH) in conjunction with filtration efficiency testing. We found that heat treatments of 75 °C for 30 min or 85 °C for 20 min at 100% RH resulted in efficient decontamination from the fabric of SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), and another enveloped RNA virus, chikungunya virus vaccine strain 181/25 (CHIKV-181/25), without lowering the meltblown fabric’s filtration efficiency. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 13:39:11 | |
| Publikace | ACS Nano | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 1936-0851 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Nano | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsnano.0c06565 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/323CW4GT | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 13:39:11 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:49:12 |
| Autor | Ana Cristina de Oliveira e Silva | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ana Maria de Almeida | |
| Autor | Maria Eliane Moreira Freire | |
| Autor | Jordana de Almeida Nogueira | |
| Autor | Elucir Gir | |
| Autor | Wynne Pereira Nogueira | |
| Autor | Ana Cristina de Oliveira e Silva | |
| Autor | Ana Maria de Almeida | |
| Autor | Maria Eliane Moreira Freire | |
| Autor | Jordana de Almeida Nogueira | |
| Autor | Elucir Gir | |
| Autor | Wynne Pereira Nogueira | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-18 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective: to identify scientific evidence on the effectiveness of using cloth masks as safe protectors against COVID-19. Method: an integrative review of articles available in full obtained at PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Controlled, non-controlled descriptors and keywords such as “mask”, “home-made” and “cloth” or “cotton” and “infection control” or “infection prevention” were used. Results: thirty-eight articles were selected; of these, seven studies made up the sample. Evidence shows that cloth masks do not have the same protective characteristics as surgical masks, indicating an increased risk of infection due to humidity, diffusion of fluids, virus retention, and improper preparation. Considering the shortage of surgical masks during the pandemic, cloth masks could be proposed as a last resort. Conclusion: cloth masks should be used together with preventive measures, such as home insulation, good respiratory conduct, and regular hand hygiene. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 15:43:53 | |
| Publikace | Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem | |
| Krátký název | Cloth masks as respiratory protections in the COVID-19 pandemic period | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 73 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem | |
| ISSN | 0034-7167 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SciELO | |
| DOI | 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0239 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UQIVMZ56 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:43:53 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:42:55 |
| Autor | Adam F. Parlin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Samuel M. Stratton | |
| Autor | Theresa M. Culley | |
| Autor | Patrick A. Guerra | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-18 | |
| Abstrakt | The worldwide shortage of single-use N95 respirators and surgical masks due to the COVID-19 pandemic has forced many health care personnel to use their existing equipment for as long as possible. In many cases, workers cover respirators with available masks in an attempt to extend their effectiveness against the virus. Due to low mask supplies, many people instead are using face coverings improvised from common fabrics. Our goal was to determine what fabrics would be most effective in both practices. Under laboratory conditions, we examined the hydrophobicity of fabrics (cotton, polyester, silk), as measured by their resistance to the penetration of small and aerosolized water droplets, an important transmission avenue for the virus causing COVID-19. We also examined the breathability of these fabrics and their ability to maintain hydrophobicity despite undergoing repeated cleaning. Laboratory-based tests were conducted when fabrics were fashioned as an overlaying barrier for respirators and when constructed as face coverings. When used as material in these two situations, silk was more effective at impeding the penetration and absorption of droplets due to its greater hydrophobicity relative to other tested fabrics. We found that silk face coverings repelled droplets in spray tests as well as disposable single-use surgical masks, and silk face coverings have the added advantage over masks such that they can be sterilized for immediate reuse. We show that silk is a hydrophobic barrier to droplets, can be more breathable than other fabrics that trap humidity, and are re-useable via cleaning. We suggest that silk can serve as an effective material for making hydrophobic barriers that protect respirators, and silk can now be tested under clinical conditions to verify its efficacy for this function. Although respirators are still the most appropriate form of protection, silk face coverings possess properties that make them capable of repelling droplets. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 15:48:22 | |
| Publikace | PLOS ONE | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 15 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | e0239531 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS ONE | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0239531 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IAYWNW2P | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:48:22 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:35:52 |
| Autor | Haoxian Lu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dawen Yao | |
| Autor | Joanne Yip | |
| Autor | Chi-Wai Kan | |
| Autor | Hai Guo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-15 | |
| Abstrakt | While the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) continues to wreak havoc globally, self-protection from possible infection by wearing a mask in daily life has become the norm in many places. The unprecedented demand for masks has now attracted attention on their filtration efficiency. Furthermore, the widespread use of disposable masks has led to shortage of filter materials and problems with their haphazard disposal. In this study, a testing system that is based on standardized methods has been established and enhanced to reliably measure the particle filtration efficiency (PFE) of masks. Quality control experiments that examine the filtration efficiency of polystyrene latex (PSL) particles that are 0.1 µm in size and sodium chloride (NaCl) particles that range from 0.01–1.0 µm are conducted to determine the reliability of the testing system. Moreover, various textile materials are tested to fabricate 3-layer face masks, and the PFE of these masks is tested by using the proposed testing system to find the most suitable materials and the likelihood of their reusability. Among the tested materials, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) used as the membrane in the filter layer has the highest PFE of 88.33% ± 1.80%, which is mainly due to its dense and multilayer structure. The air permeability of the self-developed masks ranges from 1.41 ± 0.04 to 1.93 ± 0.08, less breathable than the commercial masks. The reusability of a mask that uses PTFE as the membrane in the filter layer is tested by gently washing the mask 30 times and then drying the mask in air before the PFE is measured. The PFE is only reduced by 10–20% after 30 washes, thus indicating the potential reusability of the mask. The findings in this study will contribute to reducing the pressure of mask shortages and are an environmentally friendly solution to the massive use of disposable masks. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 15:49:31 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Krátký název | Addressing COVID-19 Spread | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 20 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research | |
| ISSN | 2071-1409 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aaqr.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.2020.06.0275 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3RA5DYE4 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:49:31 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:37:55 |
| Autor | Yijun Yuan | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Reciprocal Personal/Public Protection (RPPP) featured with source control is introduced, Facepiece Discriminating Mouth and Nose (FDMN) is employed to serve the purpose, which includes polymer based mouth cover with optional nose cover. The new knowledge that mouth is a primary, active and dominant source of the virus has been well established, which is the base of FDMN. Source classification and related source control tools are discussed, mouth cover is recommended as the tool prioritized to use. Liquid droplets is identified as a hard issue related to mask, liquid droplets, mask fitting, comfort and facial recognition constitute real challenges of mask in addition to efficiency, All of these have been addressed with FDMN. Comparisons between FDMN and masks/face covering are taken on four aspects: efficiency and efficacy, tolerance and comfort, cost and waste, and civil rights and public interest. Mouth cover is recommended to replace the face covering and act as both a personal tool and a public utensil, mouth cover with nose cover can provide better protection than N95 etc. RPPP with FDMN, could be an alternative for lockdown, a parallel strategy to vaccine, and a collectively living way during the pandemic era. FDMN, featured with high efficiency protection, high degree comfort, easy wearing, tight-fitting, easy facial recognition & communication, reusability, cost-effective, environment friendly and scale manufacturing more readily and widely etc., is a simple and sustainable solution, which is essential for ordinary people to keep wearing it properly for protection. | |
| Publikace | Preprints | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2442437790 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: MDPI AG | |
| DOI | 10.20944/preprints202009.0320.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HSX4K4WF | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 10. 2020 15:58:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:46:15 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-09-16
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-09-16
| Autor | Ka-Po Lee | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Joanne Yip | |
| Autor | Chi-Wai Kan | |
| Autor | Jia-Chi Chiou | |
| Autor | Ka-Fu Yung | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus outbreak that commenced at the end of 2019 has led to a dramatic increase in the demand for face masks. In countries that are experiencing a shortage of face masks as a result of panic buying or inadequate supply, reusable fabric masks have become a popular option, because they are often considered more cost-effective and environmentally friendly than disposable medical masks. Nevertheless, there remains a significant variation in the quality and performance of existing face masks; not all are simultaneously able to provide protection against the extremely contagious virus and be comfortable to wear. This study aims to examine the influential factors that affect the comfort of reusable face masks, but not to assess the antimicrobial or antiviral potential. Seven types of masks were selected in this study and subjected to air and water vapor permeability testing, thermal conductivity testing and a wear trial. The results indicate that washable face masks made of thin layers of knitted fabric with low density and a permeable filter are more breathable. Additionally, masks that contain sufficient highly thermally conductive materials and have good water vapor permeability are often more comfortable to wear as they can transfer heat and moisture from the body quickly, and thus do not easily dampen and deteriorate. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 14:45:59 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | |
| Krátký název | Reusable Face Masks as Alternative for Disposable Medical Masks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 17 | |
| Číslo | 18 | |
| Rozsah | 6623 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 18 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph17186623 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DZHVKFFM | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 14:45:59 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:09:35 |
| Autor | Amit Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kamal Sharma | |
| Autor | Amit Rai Dixit | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a recently discovered infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Graphene is an emerging material due to its extraordinary performance in the field of electronics and antimicrobial textiles. Special attention devoted to graphene oxide-based materials due to its surface to volume ratio is very high which make it easy to attach biomolecules by simple adsorption or by crosslinking between reactive groups and the graphene surface. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have summarized the recent developments of graphene and its derivatives with possible virus detection and textile applications. Moreover, graphene strain sensors can be executed on high-performance textiles and high-throughput drug efficacy screening. | |
| Publikace | Medical Hypotheses | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 144 | |
| Rozsah | 110253 | |
| ISSN | 0306-9877 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Medical Hypotheses | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110253 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EK9JGMMG | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:26:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:09:45 |
| Autor | Neil J. Rowan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | John G. Laffey | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Currently, there is no effective vaccine for tackling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 with the occurrence of repeat waves of infection frequently stretching hospital resources beyond capacity. Disease countermeasures rely upon preventing person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV2 so as to protect front-line healthcare workers (HCWs). COVID-19 brings enormous challenges in terms of sustaining the supply chain for single-use-plastic personal and protective equipment (PPE). Post-COVID-19, the changes in medical practice will drive high demand for PPE. Important countermeasures for preventing COVID-19 transmission include mitigating potential high risk aerosol transmission in healthcare setting using medical PPE (such as filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs)) and the appropriate use of face coverings by the general public that carries a lower transmission risk. PPE reuse is a potential short term solution during COVID-19 pandemic where there is increased evidence for effective deployment of reprocessing methods such as vaporized hydrogen peroxide (30 to 35% VH2OH) used alone or combined with ozone, ultraviolet light at 254 nm (2000 mJ/cm2) and moist heat (60 °C at high humidity for 60 min). Barriers to PPE reuse include potentially trust and acceptance by HCWs. Efficacy of face coverings are influenced by the appropriate wearing to cover the nose and mouth, type of material used, number of layers, duration of wearing, and potentially superior use of ties over ear loops. Insertion of a nose clip into cloth coverings may help with maintaining fit. Use of 60 °C for 60 min (such as, use of domestic washing machine and spin dryer) has been advocated for face covering decontamination. Risk of virus infiltration in improvised face coverings is potentially increased by duration of wearing due to humidity, liquid diffusion and virus retention. Future sustained use of PPE will be influenced by the availability of recyclable PPE and by innovative biomedical waste management. | |
| Publikace | Science of The Total Environment | |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Science of The Total Environment | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142259 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IFZCIF5W | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:26:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:18 |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
|---|---|---|
| Datum | 2020-09-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, mask, or respirator wearing is considered one of the essential protection measures for healthcare workers to deal with infected patients. As the demand for face masks strongly increases during the pandemic leading to their shortages, our study aimed to review the current decontamination methods to reuse masks and respirators. Method: On May 18th, 2020, a systematic search for articles reported the methods of disinfection and sterilization for reusing surgical masks or respirators was conducted in eight electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (ISI), Google Scholar, Cochrane, WHO Global Health Library (GHL), Clinicaltrials and Virtual Health Library (VHL). Manual search was further performed by screening references of included articles and relevant reviews and their related articles in PubMed and Google Scholar. We excluded unreliable extracted data, non-original or secondary research, not available full texts or abstract only. Results: There were 52 articles included in the qualitative synthesis. While hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (HPGP) (59%) degraded the mask filtration performance, vapor hydrogen peroxide (VHP) at varying concentrations and ethylene oxide (EtO) did not affect this. Moist heat incubation (MHI) (at 65 ± 5°C for 20 minutes) and microwave generated steam (MGS) (2 -3 minutes) caused > 4 log reduction of the H5N1 virus and did not degrade the mask filtration performance, while autoclave (at 121°C, 103 kPas) strongly affected this. The mask filtration efficacy was significantly reduced by ethanol 70% but recovered to 86% after the recharge process. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) (4.32 – 7.2 J/cm2) showed good biocidal efficacy and no degradation of filtration performance but had a poor effect with a dose of 3J/cm2 and degraded the mask with a dose of 18 J/cm2. Conclusion: MHI and UVGI could be highly recommended decontamination methods for reusing masks. VHP could be considered but less effective due to the possible degradation in physical appearances. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 15:06:19 | |
| URL | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-75652/v1 | |
| Publikace | Research Square | |
| Krátký název | Disinfection and sterilization methods to reuse face masks and respirators | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.researchsquare.com | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BZJ2NRQU | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 15:06:19 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2020 15:08:16 |
| Autor | Jubair Ahmed | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anthony Harker | |
| Autor | Mohan Edirisinghe | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Previous pandemics have shown that facemask use becomes highly popular in public settings due to fear of the disease spreading. There is, however, a lack of strong scientific evidence that facemasks can significantly reduce the spread of respiratory diseases and as such, most governing policies do not mandate these coverings. There is a stark contrast between the policies and acceptance of facemasks across different geographies. In this work, several data sources have been thoroughly analysed to elucidate how viral diseases are transmitted and spread with particular emphasis on the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus which is causing an outbreak of Covid-19. The different types of facemasks and respirators are also explained, the nature of their design and their efficacy is also examined. Several key factors which have been hypothesised to contribute to the spread of viral infections are elaborated in detail including the effect of temperature and humidity, public transportation systems, population density, socioeconomics and sociology. In this work, data are analysed to explain how the disease is spread, how facemasks function and the differences in the number of cases based on several contributing factors to the spread of disease. There are also some dangers in automatically recommending community facemask wearing, such as a reduction in the immune system functionality from the reduced exposure to microbes and the disposal issues which result from the large-scale use of such materials. The questions of whether facemasks are useful in a community setting or if they divert valuable material away from critical healthcare providers are discussed. | |
| Přístup | 10. 9. 2020 16:00:09 | |
| Publikace | MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS | |
| Krátký název | Covid-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | e10120 | |
| Práva | This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/mds3.10120 | |
| ISSN | 2573-802X | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/mds3.10020 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/E5X3DHFF | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 16:00:09 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:44:56 |
| Autor | Lothar Lilge | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Angelica Manalac | |
| Autor | Madrigal Weersink | |
| Autor | Fynn Schwiegelshohn | |
| Autor | Tanner Young‐Schultz | |
| Autor | Abdallatif Satti Abdalrhman | |
| Autor | Chengjin Wang | |
| Autor | Aldrich Ngan | |
| Autor | Frank X. Gu | |
| Autor | Vaughn Betz | |
| Autor | Ron Hofmann | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-05 | |
| Abstrakt | This study presents numerical simulations of UVC light propagation through seven different filtered face respirators (FFR) to determine their suitability for UV germicidal inactivation (UVGI). UV propagation was modelled using the FullMonte program for two external light illuminations. The optical properties of the dominant three layers were determined using the inverse adding doubling method. The resulting fluence rate volume histograms and the lowest fluence rate recorded in the modelled volume, sometimes in the nW cm-2, provide feedback on a respirator's suitability for UVGI and the required exposure time for a given light source. While UVGI can present an economical approach to extend an FFR's useable lifetime, it requires careful optimization of the illumination setup and selection of appropriate respirators. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | |
| Přístup | 10. 9. 2020 15:59:36 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Biophotonics | |
| Krátký název | Light propagation within N95 Filtered Face Respirators | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Práva | This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jbio.202000232 | |
| ISSN | 1864-0648 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/jbio.202000232 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4RGMBFPD | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:59:36 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:01:38 |
| Autor | Iris Wai-sum Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Joe King-man Fan | |
| Autor | Alvin Chi-keung Lai | |
| Autor | Chung-mau Lo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-02 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic that emerged in December 2019 had rapidly evolved in recent months to become a worldwide and ongoing pandemic. Shortage of medical masks remains an unresolved problem. This study aims to investigate the filtration efficiency (FE) of home-made masks that could be used as alternatives for community mitigation of COVID-19. Study design Experimental observational analytic study. Methods The FE of home-made masks and medical masks (as the control) were tested under laminar flow within a scaled air duct system by using nebulised NaCl aerosols sized 6–220nm. The size-resolved NaCl aerosol count was measured by a scanning mobility particle-size spectrometer. Home-made masks with an external plastic face shield also underwent a splash test. Additionally, the fibre structures of medical masks were studied under an electron microscope after treatment with either 75% alcohol or soap and water at 60°C. Results The FE of the home-made masks at 6–200nm were non-inferior to that of medical masks (84.54% vs 86.94%, p = 0.102). Both types of masks achieved an FE of 90% at 6–89nm. A significantly higher FE was achieved when one piece of tissue paper was added adjacent to the inner surface of the medical mask than medical mask alone (6–200nm: 91.64% vs 84.75%, p < 0.0001; 6–89nm: 94.27% vs 90.54%, p < 0.0001; 90–200nm: 82.69% vs 73.81%, p < 0.0001). The plastic face shield prevented the home-made mask from fluid splash. The fibre structures of the external surface of medical masks were damaged after treatment with either 75% alcohol or soap and water at 60°C. Conclusions The home-made masks in this study, which were made of one piece of tissue paper and two pieces of kitchen towels, layered from face to external, had an FE at 6–200nm non-inferior to that of medical mask materials, which had a certified FE of ≥95% at 3μm. In the current COVID-19 pandemic with the shortage of medical masks, these home-made masks combined with an external plastic shield could be used as an alternative to medical masks for community mitigation. In addition, one piece of tissue paper could be placed adjacent to the inner surface of a medical mask to prolong effective lifespan of the medical mask. These demand reduction strategies could be used in order to reserve medical masks for use in healthcare and certain high-risk community settings, such as symptomatic persons, caregivers and attendees to healthcare institutions. | |
| Publikace | Public Health | |
| ISSN | 0033-3506 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Public Health | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.018 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EJLRGU83 | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:26:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:59 |
| Autor | S Veronese | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | P Bernardi | |
| Autor | A Sbarbati | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-01 | |
| Abstrakt | During COVID‐19 pandemic, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment (in particular, face masks) to avoid contracting the disease and, at the same time, the obligation to use it is imposed by some countries in an attempt to limit the spread. Despite the widespread use of masks and the role they can play in causing/aggravating skin diseases, both high‐resolution studies and data on their structural alterations related to utilization are lacking. | |
| Publikace | Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2439156526 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| DOI | 10.1111/jdv.16905 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2IUCXQL6 | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:06:17 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:59:26 |
Copyright - © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-09-04
| Autor | Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Constance Wielick | |
| Autor | Lorène Dams | |
| Autor | Hans Nauwynck | |
| Autor | Pierre-Francois Demeuldre | |
| Autor | Aurore Napp | |
| Autor | Jan Laperre | |
| Autor | Eric Haubruge | |
| Autor | Etienne Thiry | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Background In the context of the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the supply of personal protective equipment remains under severe strain. To address this issue, re-use of surgical face masks and filtering facepiece respirators has been recommended; prior decontamination is paramount to their re-use. Aim We aim to provide information on the effects of three decontamination procedures on porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV)-contaminated masks and respirators, presenting a stable model for infectious coronavirus decontamination of these typically single-use-only products. Methods Surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirator coupons and straps were inoculated with infectious PRCV and submitted to three decontamination treatments, UV irradiation, vaporised H2O2, and dry heat treatment. Viruses were recovered from sample materials and viral titres were measured in swine testicle cells. Findings UV irradiation, vaporised H2O2 and dry heat reduced infectious PRCV by more than three orders of magnitude on mask and respirator coupons and rendered it undetectable in all decontamination assays. Conclusion This is the first description of stable disinfection of face masks and filtering facepiece respirators contaminated with an infectious SARS-CoV-2 surrogate using UV irradiation, vaporised H2O2 and dry heat treatment. The three methods permit demonstration of a loss of infectivity by more than three orders of magnitude of an infectious coronavirus in line with the FDA policy regarding face masks and respirators. It presents advantages of uncomplicated manipulation and utilisation in a BSL2 facility, therefore being easily adaptable to other respirator and mask types. | |
| Publikace | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| ISSN | 0195-6701 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.025 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UA27P42N | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:26:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:56:28 |
| Autor | Shovon Bhattacharjee | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Prateek Bahl | |
| Autor | Abrar Ahmad Chughtai | |
| Autor | C. Raina MacIntyre | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a research focus. Various fabrics have been promoted with little evidence-based foundation and without guidelines on design principles for optimal performance. In these circumstances, it is essential to understand the properties, key performance factors, filter mechanisms and evidence on cloth masks materials. The general community might also need to decontaminate and reuse disposable, single-use devices as a last resort. We present an overview of the filter materials, filter mechanisms and effectiveness, key performance factors, and hydrophobicity of the common disposable masks, as well as cloth masks. We also reviewed decontamination methods for disposable respiratory devices. As an alternative to surgical masks and respirators, we recommend a cloth mask made of at least three layers (300–350 threads per inch) and adding a nylon stocking layer over the mask for a better fit. Water-resistant fabrics (polyesters/nylon), blends of fabrics and water-absorbing fabrics (cotton) should be in the outside layer, middle layer/layers and inside layer, respectively. The information outlined here will help people to navigate their choices if facing shortages of appropriate respiratory protection during the COVID-19 pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 13:41:00 | |
| Publikace | BMJ Open Respiratory Research | |
| Krátký název | Last-resort strategies during mask shortages | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 7 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | e000698 | |
| Práva | © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Archives of Disease in childhood Section: Respiratory epidemiology PMID: 32913005 | |
| ISSN | 2052-4439 | |
| Katalog knihovny | bmjopenrespres.bmj.com | |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000698 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BTS8D39G | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 13:41:00 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:01:31 |
| Autor | Siddhartha Verma | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Manhar Dhanak | |
| Autor | John Frankenfield | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Several places across the world are experiencing a steep surge in COVID-19 infections. Face masks have become increasingly accepted as one of the most effective means for combating the spread of the disease when used in combination with social-distancing and frequent hand-washing. However, there is an increasing trend of people substituting regular cloth or surgical masks with clear plastic face shields and with masks equipped with exhalation valves. One of the factors driving this increased adoption is improved comfort compared to regular masks. However, there is a possibility that widespread public use of these alternatives to regular masks could have an adverse effect on mitigation efforts. To help increase public awareness regarding the effectiveness of these alternative options, we use qualitative visualizations to examine the performance of face shields and exhalation valves in impeding the spread of aerosol-sized droplets. The visualizations indicate that although face shields block the initial forward motion of the jet, the expelled droplets can move around the visor with relative ease and spread out over a large area depending on light ambient disturbances. Visualizations for a mask equipped with an exhalation port indicate that a large number of droplets pass through the exhale valve unfiltered, which significantly reduces its effectiveness as a means of source control. Our observations suggest that to minimize the community spread of COVID-19, it may be preferable to use high quality cloth or surgical masks that are of a plain design, instead of face shields and masks equipped with exhale valves. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 14:42:32 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Ročník | 32 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 091701 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Physics of Fluids | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0022968 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DNLR5BSX | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 14:42:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:50 |
| Autor | M. J. Pascoe | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | A. Robertson | |
| Autor | A. Crayford | |
| Autor | E. Durand | |
| Autor | J. Steer | |
| Autor | A. Castelli | |
| Autor | R. Wesgate | |
| Autor | S. L. Evans | |
| Autor | A. Porch | |
| Autor | J-Y. Maillard | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Background In the wake of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and unprecedented global demand, clinicians are struggling to source adequate access to personal protective equipment. Respirators can be in short supply, though are necessary to protect workers from SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Rapid decontamination and reuse of respirators may provide relief for the strained procurement situation. Method In this study, we investigated the suitability of 70°C dry heat and microwave-generated steam (MGS) for reprocessing of FFP2/N95-type respirators, and Type-II surgical face masks. Staphylococcus aureus was used as a surrogate as it is less susceptible than enveloped viruses to chemical and physical processes. Results We observed >4 log10 reductions in the viability of dry S. aureus treated by dry heat for 90 min at 70°C and >6 log10 reductions by MGS for 90 s. After 3 reprocessing cycles, neither process was found to negatively impact the bacterial or NaCl filtration efficiency of the respirators that were tested. However, MGS was incompatible with Type-II surgical masks tested, as we confirmed that bacterial filtration capacity was completely lost following reprocessing. MGS was observed to be incompatible with some respirator types due to arcing observed around some types of metal nose clips and by loss of adhesion of clips to the mask. Conclusion Considering the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, we propose a reprocessing personal protective equipment/face mask workflow for use in medical areas. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:17:16 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 106 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 10-19 | |
| ISSN | 0195-6701 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.008 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VLI8ND97 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:17:16 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:56:25 |
| Autor | Emma P. Fischer | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Martin C. Fischer | |
| Autor | David Grass | |
| Autor | Isaac Henrion | |
| Autor | Warren S. Warren | |
| Autor | Eric Westman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Mandates for mask use in public during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, worsened by global shortage of commercial supplies, have led to widespread use of homemade masks and mask alternatives. It is assumed that wearing such masks reduces the likelihood for an infected person to spread the disease, but many of these mask designs have not been tested in practice. We have demonstrated a simple optical measurement method to evaluate the efficacy of masks to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets during regular speech. In proof-of-principle studies, we compared a variety of commonly available mask types and observed that some mask types approach the performance of standard surgical masks, while some mask alternatives, such as neck gaiters or bandanas, offer very little protection. Our measurement setup is inexpensive and can be built and operated by nonexperts, allowing for rapid evaluation of mask performance during speech, sneezing, or coughing. A simple method was developed for evaluating the efficacy of face masks to reduce respiratory droplet emission during speaking. A simple method was developed for evaluating the efficacy of face masks to reduce respiratory droplet emission during speaking. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:14:43 | |
| Publikace | Science Advances | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Číslo | 36 | |
| Rozsah | eabd3083 | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Section: Research Article PMID: 32917603 | |
| ISSN | 2375-2548 | |
| Katalog knihovny | advances.sciencemag.org | |
| DOI | 10.1126/sciadv.abd3083 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TKEDYH79 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:14:43 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:01:55 |
| Autor | Hua Yang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jiajia Hu | |
| Autor | Ping Li | |
| Autor | Chengliang Zhang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Background To review the effect of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) as a disinfection method for filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) disinfection to facilitate reuse during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Systematic review the research concerning UVGI for FFRs disinfection to facilitate reuse during respiratory infectious diseases where aerosol transmission is considered possible. Results UVGI is one possible method for respiratory disinfection to facilitate the reuse of dwindling supplies. Appropriate dose UVGI exposition could can provide enough energy to effectively decontaminate respiratory viral agent and maintenance respirator's integrity for reuse. N95 respirator reuse is often referred to as “limited reuse”. Conclusion Appropriate dose UVGI exposition could can provide enough energy to effectively decontaminate respiratory viral agent and maintenance respirator's integrity for reuse. Further evidences concerning UVGI as a decontamination technique for SARS-CoV-2 are needed. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 14:27:22 | |
| Publikace | Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy | |
| Krátký název | Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for filtering facepiece respirators disinfection to facilitate reuse during COVID-19 pandemic | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 101943 | |
| ISSN | 1572-1000 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101943 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WMTKCCZ5 | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:27:22 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:07 |
| Autor | Sanjay Rajagopalan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sui Huang | |
| Autor | Robert D Brook | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The droplets of a typical cough expulsion have a wide size distribution, but recent studies using laser particle size analysers seem to suggest that the majority of particles are actually substantially larger than 50 microns with evidence of both unimodal and bimodal distribution of particles.2 3 However, many studies have shown that there are substantial numbers of particles less than 2.5 micron (PM2.5) which contribute very little to the overall mass but could potentially contribute to viral dissemination. N95 respirators, widely touted as likely highly effective in reducing exposure to SARS-COV2, have only been validated for usage during occupational settings, with very few specifically validated to provide protection even against ambient PM2.5, let alone infectious agents like SARS-CoV2. [...]it is widely recognised that N95 respirators made by different manufacturers have different performance efficiencies below the 0.3 micron range that are dependent on user fit and other ambient conditions. While it is true that the number of studies that have compared N95 masks with surgical or cloth masks in the context of air pollution and viral infections is limited, it is untrue that there is no evidence.4 5 In a study in mannequins, disposable surgical masks were more effective than cloth masks, but N95 respirators were the most effective in removing air particles. In another study from Europe comparing homemade cloth masks and surgical masks with N95 respirators in volunteers exposed mostly to particles in the ultrafine range (<0.1 micron), generated by lit candles, both inward protection and outward protection (protection from transmitting to the environment) were tested during both short term (few minutes) and over several hours.5 The results confirmed the superior efficacy of N95 respirators, but what was striking was the efficacy of surgical masks and homemade masks in reducing particle concentrations by 4-fold and 3-fold, respectively (compared with 100-fold by the N95 mask).5 It is well known that the efficacy of masks for larger particles, particularly in the droplet range, likely the most important societal transmission mode of COVID, is substantially higher. [...]the evidence supports the efficacy for a simple mask type intervention that may be particularly apt for the protection of caregivers not involved with direct patient care and also for the public at large, particularly in social situations that brings them in close proximity to others such as in grocery stores and restaurants. | |
| Publikace | Heart | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 106 | |
| Číslo | 17 | |
| Rozsah | 1286-1288 | |
| Archiv | ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2433121281 | |
| Extra | Place: London Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group LTD | |
| ISSN | 1355-6037 | |
| DOI | 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317104 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MU9FET3V | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:06:17 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:04 |
Copyright - © 2020 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-13
| Autor | Raymond J. Roberge | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Marc R. Roberge | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in severe shortages of personal protective equipment, including respiratory protective equipment such as N95 respirators. This has led some government agencies to suggest the use of cloth face coverings (CFC) by healthcare providers and the general public as a last resort when standard respiratory protective equipment is unavailable. Although such coverings have been in use for over a century and have found widespread usage during some previous pandemics, research data is relatively scant for the protective value of this measure. This article, a literature review, explores the development of CFC and reviews available scientific research regarding the efficacy of this intervention as a preventive measure in the spread of airborne infectious diseases. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 15:48:51 | |
| Publikace | Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness | |
| Krátký název | CLOTH FACE COVERINGS FOR USE AS FACEMASKS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS (SARS-CoV-2) PANDEMIC | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 1-29 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cambridge University Press | |
| ISSN | 1938-744X | |
| Katalog knihovny | Cambridge University Press | |
| DOI | 10.1017/dmp.2020.354 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/46QGJIFN | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:48:51 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:42:50 |
| Autor | Harriet Whiley | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Thilini Piushani Keerthirathne | |
| Autor | Muhammad Atif Nisar | |
| Autor | Mae A. F. White | |
| Autor | Kirstin E. Ross | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09 | |
| Abstrakt | In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, current modeling supports the use of masks in community settings to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, concerns have been raised regarding the global shortage of medical grade masks and the limited evidence on the efficacy of fabric masks. This study used a standard mask testing method (ASTM F2101-14) and a model virus (bacteriophage MS2) to test the viral filtration efficiency (VFE) of fabric masks compared with commercially available disposable, surgical, and N95 masks. Five different types of fabric masks were purchased from the ecommerce website Etsy to represent a range of different fabric mask designs and materials currently available. One mask included a pocket for a filter; which was tested without a filter, with a dried baby wipe, and a section of a vacuum cleaner bag. A sixth fabric mask was also made according to the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) guidelines (Australia). Three masks of each type were tested. This study found that all the fabric masks had a VFE of at least 50% when tested against aerosols with an average size of 6.0 µm (VFE(6.0 µm)). The minimum VFE of fabric masks improved (to 63%) when the larger aerosols were excluded to give and average aerosol size of 2.6 µm (VFE(2.6 µm)), which better represents inhaled aerosols that can reach the lower respiratory system. The best performing fabric masks were the cotton mask with a section of vacuum cleaner bag (VFE(6.0 µm) = 99.5%, VFE(2.6 µm) = 98.8%) or a dried baby wipe (VFE(6.0 µm) = 98.5%, VFE(2.6 µm) = 97.6%) in the pocket designed for a disposable filter, the mask made using the Victorian DHHS design (VFE(6.0 µm) = 98.6%, VFE(2.6 µm) =99.1%) and one made from a layer of 100% hemp, a layer of poly membrane, and a layer of cheesecloth (VFE(6.0 µm) = 93.6%, VFE(2.6 µm) = 89.0%). The VFE of two surgical masks (VFE(6.0 µm) = 99.9% and 99.6%, VFE(2.6 µm) = 99.5% and 98.5%) and a N95 masks (VFE(6.0 µm) = 99.9%, VFE(2.6 µm) = 99.3%) were comparable to their advertised bacterial filtration efficacy. This research supports the use of fabric masks in the community to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2; however, future research is needed to explore the optimum design in ensuring proper fit. There is also a need for mass education campaigns to disseminate this information, along with guidelines around the proper usage and washing of fabric masks. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 15:49:58 | |
| Publikace | Pathogens | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 9 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 762 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 9 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/pathogens9090762 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EBL5GC56 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 15:49:58 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:43 |
| Autor | Yong Zhang | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09 | |
| Abstrakt | With the spread of the novel coronavirus, masks become daily necessities, and their protective effect mainly depends on the core materials, so improving the performance of the core material polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric has become the current research hotspot. The filtration performance of PP melt-blown nonwoven fabric mainly depends on the electret process parameters. The electret treatment of PP melt-blown nonwoven fabric is carried out by using high voltage corona discharge. The research on the influence of the electret process parameters, such as charging time, charging voltage and charging distance, on the filtration performance of PP melt-blown nonwoven fabric will have guiding significance for the practical production. In this paper, after a lot of research and experimental work, find out the influence of process parameters on the filtration performance of nonwoven fabrics. It is found that the best condition for the sample is the charge time of 12 min, the charge voltage of 15 kV and the charge distance of 4 cm. The filter efficiency is 90.2%, which is more than 1.5 times higher than that before the sample. The air permeability of melt-blown nonwovens after electret treatment did not decrease. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 16:03:54 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Physics: Conference Series | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 1622 | |
| Rozsah | 012049 | |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing | |
| ISSN | 1742-6596 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Institute of Physics | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. | |
| DOI | 10.1088/1742-6596/1622/1/012049 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/REYE82BI | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 16:03:54 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:50:16 |
| Autor | Robert J. Fischer | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dylan H. Morris | |
| Autor | Neeltje van Doremalen | |
| Autor | Shanda Sarchette | |
| Autor | M. Jeremiah Matson | |
| Autor | Trenton Bushmaker | |
| Autor | Claude Kwe Yinda | |
| Autor | Stephanie N. Seifert | |
| Autor | Amandine Gamble | |
| Autor | Brandi N. Williamson | |
| Autor | Seth D. Judson | |
| Autor | Emmie de Wit | |
| Autor | James O. Lloyd-Smith | |
| Autor | Vincent J. Munster | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus pandemic has created worldwide shortages of N95 respirators. We analyzed 4 decontamination methods for effectiveness in deactivating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus and effect on respirator function. Our results indicate that N95 respirators can be decontaminated and reused, but the integrity of respirator fit and seal must be maintained. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 14:01:02 | |
| Publikace | Emerging Infectious Diseases | |
| Ročník | 26 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 2253-2255 | |
| Extra | PMID: 32491983 PMCID: PMC7454118 | |
| ISSN | 1080-6040 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed Central | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Emerg Infect Dis | |
| DOI | 10.3201/eid2609.201524 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UT5ULESN | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 14:01:02 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:51:23 |
| Autor | Blake Maher | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Reynaldo Chavez | |
| Autor | Gabriel C.Q. Tomaz | |
| Autor | Thien Nguyen | |
| Autor | Yassin Hassan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives Face masks are an important component of personal protection equipment employed in preventing the spread of diseases such as COVID-19. As supply of mass-produced masks has decreased, the use of homemade masks has become more prevalent. It is important to quantify the effectiveness of different types of materials to provide useful information, which should be considered for homemade masks. Methods Filtration effects of different types of common materials were studied by measuring the aerosol droplet concentrations in the upstream and downstream regions. Flow-field characteristics of surrounding regions of tested materials were investigated using a laser-diagnostics technique, i.e., particle image velocimetry. Pressure difference across the tested materials were measured. Results Measured aerosol concentrations indicated a breakup of large-size particles into smaller particles. Tested materials had higher filtration efficiency for large particles. Single-layer materials were less efficient, but they had a low pressure drop. Multi-layer materials could produce greater filtering efficiency with an increased pressure drop, which is an indicator of comfort level and breathability. The obtained flow-fields indicated a flow disruption downstream of the tested materials as the velocity magnitude noticeably decreased. Conclusions The obtained results provide an insight to flow-field characteristics and filtration efficiency of different types of household materials commonly used for homemade masks. This study allows comparison to mass-produced masks under consistent test conditions while employing several well-established techniques. | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| ISSN | 1201-9712 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.066 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7ADYIG3F | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:26:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:35:46 |
| Autor | Maria Cristina de Camargo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Martha Sílvia Martinez-Silveira | |
| Autor | Adeânio Almeida Lima | |
| Autor | Bruno Pires Bastos | |
| Autor | Diana Lima dos Santos | |
| Autor | Sara Emanuela de Carvalho Mota | |
| Autor | Roberta Borges Silva | |
| Autor | Isabela Porto de Toledo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of non-woven face masks for the prevention of respiratory infections (MERS CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the population. Methods: search in Medline, Embase, Cinahl, The Cochrane Library, Trip databases. Google Scholar, Rayyan and medRxiv were also consulted for complementary results. No filters related to date, language or publication status were applied. Titles and abstracts were screened, and later, full texts were evaluated. Results: three studies were included: a randomized cluster clinical trial and two systematic reviews. The clinical trial indicates a potential benefit of medical masks to control the source of clinical respiratory disease infection. In one of the systematic reviews, it was not possible to establish a conclusive relationship between the use of the mask and protection against respiratory infection. Finally, another systematic review indicated that masks are effective in preventing the spread of respiratory viruses. Conclusion: Evidence points to the potential benefit of standard non-woven face masks. For the current pandemic scenario of COVID-19, education on the appropriate use of masks associated with individual protection measures is recommended. | |
| Přístup | 10. 9. 2020 16:33:42 | |
| Publikace | Ciência & Saúde Coletiva | |
| Krátký název | Effectiveness of the use of non-woven face mask to prevent coronavirus infections in the general population | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 25 | |
| Rozsah | 3365-3376 | |
| Extra | Publisher: ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva | |
| ISSN | 1678-4561 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SciELO | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Ciênc. saúde coletiva | |
| DOI | 10.1590/1413-81232020259.13622020 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6HV3AG4C | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 16:33:42 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:51:36 |
| Autor | Mingzhu Zhang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andrew Robert Emery | |
| Autor | R. John Tannyhill | |
| Autor | Hui Zheng | |
| Autor | Jingping Wang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Purpose Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused suffering and death around the world. Careful selection of facial protection is paramount for preventing virus spread among healthcare workers and preserving mask and N95 respirator supplies. Methods This paper is a comprehensive review of literature written in English and available on Pubmed comparing the risk of viral respiratory infections when wearing masks and N95 respirators. Current international oral and maxillofacial surgery guidelines for mask and N95 respirator use, patient COVID-19 disease status, aerosol producing procedures were also collected and incorporated into a workflow for selecting appropriate facial protection for oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures during the current pandemic. Results Most studies suggest N95 respirators and masks are equally protective against respiratory viruses. Some evidence favors N95 respirators, which are preferred for higher risk procedures when aerosol production is likely or when the COVID-19 status of a patient is positive or unknown. N95 respirators may also be used for multiple patients or reused depending on the type of procedure and condition of the respirator after each patient encounter. Conclusion N95 respirators are preferred over masks against viral respiratory pathogens, especially during aerosol generating procedures or when a patient’s COVID-19 status is positive or unknown. | |
| Publikace | Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | |
| ISSN | 0278-2391 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.joms.2020.08.024 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JAJBXHZJ | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:26:30 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:12:59 |
| Autor | Abigail Gavra Michaelson Purens | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-27 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a widespread shortage of facemasks and other personal protective equipment in veterinary medicine without clear, research-based guidance on alternatives to FDA-certified disposable surgical masks. In the absence of detailed veterinary research, an in-depth review of the human medical literature was conducted to evaluate the viability of reusable, sterilizable cloth, medical textile, or other material alternatives that may be quickly manufactured and used by veterinarians. The results at the time of publication support the AVMA, CDC, and WHO recommendations to extend use, reuse, and resterilize facemasks before considering using a homemade facemask. Pending further research, or until and unless the FDA certifies a reusable homemade mask or design, the substitution of homemade masks for FDA-certified surgical masks should only be considered as a last resort. Most homemade masks are not suitable replacements for N95 FFRs. If a homemade facemask must be made, the following materials and testing guidelines are suggested: - densely woven cotton fabric (> 270 thread count), medical textile, or other impermeable, breathable material that can be laundered and resterilized - make pleated or fitted pocket style facemasks to maximize fit - make masks with two sets of ties, not elastics, to endure laundering and autoclaving - internal wire or fabric tape may be used to mold masks over the nose - filter material should be designed for use near mucus membranes, such as facial tissue or paper towel - if possible, fit test homemade masks against an FDA-certified surgical mask as a control - if higher filtration efficiency is required, test according to the FDA Enforcement Policy for Face Masks and Respirators During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency - Maintain enough masks to change as frequently as one would change disposable surgical masks to maintain appropriate hygiene | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 14:12:26 | |
| Publikace | Frontiers in Veterinary Science | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 7 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Frontiers | |
| ISSN | 2297-1769 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Frontiers | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Front. Vet. Sci. | |
| DOI | 10.3389/fvets.2020.00561 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VLD38VWN | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 14:12:26 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:55:51 |
| Autor | Peter Figerez Stelbin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sudeshna Patra | |
| Autor | G Rajalakshmi | |
| Autor | Tharangattu Narayanan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory masks having similar standards of ‘N95’, defined by U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, will be highly sought after, post this COVID-19 related pandemic condition. Here such a low cost (~$1/mask) mask design having electrostatic rechargeability and also having the filtration efficiency of >95% and quality factor of ~20 kPa-1 is demonstrated for its filtration efficacy towards particles of size < 0.5 μm. A tri-layer mask named ‘PPDFGO tri’ is designed here - containing nylon, modified polypropylene (PPY), and cotton non- woven fabrics as three layers. The melt-spun PPY, available in a conventional N95 mask, modified with graphene oxide (GO) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) mixture containing paste using a simple solution casting method acts as active filtration layer, and this tri-layer filtration system is shown for its efficacy towards triboelectric rechargeability using small mechanical agitations. These triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) assisted masks have high electrostatic charge retention capacity (~1 nC/cm2 after 5 days in ambient condition) and high rechargeability even in the very humid condition (>80% RH). A simple but robust permeability measurement set up is also constructed to test these TENG based membranes, where a flow rate of 30-35 L/min is maintained during the testing. Such a simple modification in the existing mask designs enabling their rechargeability via external mechanical disturbances, with enhanced usability for single use as well as for reuse with decontantamination, will be highly beneficial in the modern era of indispensable personal protective equipment. | |
| Publikace | ChemRxiv | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2437280807 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| DOI | 10.26434/chemrxiv.12861170.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BHQ4XZID | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:06:17 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:29 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-27
| Autor | Lucy Owen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Katie Laird | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-25 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Infectious diseases are a significant threat in both healthcare and community settings. Healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) in particular are a leading cause of complications during hospitalisation. Contamination of the healthcare environment is recognised as a source of infectious disease yet the significance of porous surfaces including healthcare textiles as fomites is not well understood. It is currently assumed there is little infection risk from textiles due to a lack of direct epidemiological evidence. Decontamination of healthcare textiles is achieved with heat and/or detergents by commercial or in-house laundering with the exception of healthcare worker uniforms which are laundered domestically in some countries. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for rigorous infection control including effective decontamination of potential fomites in the healthcare environment. This article aims to review the evidence for the role of textiles in the transmission of infection, outline current procedures for laundering healthcare textiles and review studies evaluating the decontamination efficacy of domestic and industrial laundering. Methodology Pubmed, Google Scholar and Web of Science were searched for publications pertaining to the survival and transmission of microorganisms on textiles with a particular focus on the healthcare environment. Results A number of studies indicate that microorganisms survive on textiles for extended periods of time and can transfer on to skin and other surfaces suggesting it is biologically plausible that HCAIs and other infectious diseases can be transmitted directly through contact with contaminated textiles. Accordingly, there are a number of case studies that link small outbreaks with inadequate laundering or infection control processes surrounding healthcare laundry. Studies have also demonstrated the survival of potential pathogens during laundering of healthcare textiles, which may increase the risk of infection supporting the data published on specific outbreak case studies. Conclusions There are no large-scale epidemiological studies demonstrating a direct link between HCAIs and contaminated textiles yet evidence of outbreaks from published case studies should not be disregarded. Adequate microbial decontamination of linen and infection control procedures during laundering are required to minimise the risk of infection from healthcare textiles. Domestic laundering of healthcare worker uniforms is a particular concern due to the lack of control and monitoring of decontamination, offering a route for potential pathogens to enter the clinical environment. Industrial laundering of healthcare worker uniforms provides greater assurances of adequate decontamination compared to domestic laundering, due to the ability to monitor laundering parameters; this is of particular importance during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimise any risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | |
| Publikace | PeerJ | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2436969613 | |
| Extra | Place: San Diego Publisher: PeerJ, Inc. | |
| DOI | 10.7717/peerj.9790 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/B3WL4IJB | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:06:17 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:14:37 |
Copyright - © 2020 Owen and Laird. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright - © 2020 Owen and Laird. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Název - World Health Organization
Název - World Health Organization
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-26
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-26
| Autor | Theo Dressler | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jasmin Stoff | |
| Autor | Tiziano Di Pietro | |
| Autor | Giovan Battista Cavadini | |
| Autor | Gery Büsser | |
| Autor | Xeno Büsser | |
| Autor | Christian Rüegg | |
| Autor | Georg Müller | |
| Autor | Stephan Fox | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2020-08-23 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 caused pressure and the uncertainty by the immediate lock-down in sports, this “HelpfulETH” initiative project pursued a fast-track development of a protective respiratory mask tailored to ice hockey. The project defined the requirements of protective gear gathering the information from athletes but also experts in the sport, in medicine and in virology. As project results, commercially available respiratory masks were not found suitable for sports, hindering the breathability and performance of the athletes. In search of a solution to meet the complex and very exigent needs, an anesthetic mask combining existent components such as a viral filter showed better suitability. Testing a realized prototype, further research and design needs were identified to allow respiration in this professional and demanding sport. | |
| Přístup | 10. 9. 2020 16:42:01 | |
| URL | https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/432255 | |
| Krátký název | Masks For Sports | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Accepted: 2020-08-24T05:12:34Z DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000432255 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.research-collection.ethz.ch | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RCMG6EHX | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 16:42:01 | |
| Upraveno | 10. 9. 2020 16:42:01 |
| Autor | Shira Gertsman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Anirudh Agarwal | |
| Autor | Katharine O’Hearn | |
| Autor | Richard Webster | |
| Autor | Anne Tsampalieros | |
| Autor | Nick Barrowman | |
| Autor | Margaret Sampson | |
| Autor | Lindsey Sikora | |
| Autor | Emiliyan Staykov | |
| Autor | Rhiannon Ng | |
| Autor | Jess Gibson | |
| Autor | Tri Dinh | |
| Autor | Kwame Agyei | |
| Autor | Graham Chamberlain | |
| Autor | James Dayre McNally | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Background In pandemics such as COVID-19, shortages of personal protective equipment are common. One solution may be to decontaminate equipment such as facemasks for reuse. Aim To collect and synthesize existing information on decontamination of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) using microwave and heat-based treatments, with special attention to impact on mask function (aerosol penetration, airflow resistance), fit, and physical traits. Methods A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020177036) of literature available from Medline, Embase, Global Health, and other sources was conducted. Records were screened independently by two reviewers, and data was extracted from studies that reported on effects of microwave- or heat-based decontamination on N95 FFR performance, fit, physical traits, and/or reductions in microbial load. Findings Thirteen studies were included that used dry/moist microwave irradiation, heat, or autoclaving. All treatment types reduced pathogen load by a log10 reduction factor of at least three when applied for sufficient duration (>30s microwave, >60 min dry heat), with most studies assessing viral pathogens. Mask function (aerosol penetration <5% and airflow resistance <25mmH2O) was preserved after all treatments except autoclaving. Fit was maintained for most N95 models, though all treatment types caused observable physical damage to at least one model. Conclusions Microwave irradiation and heat may be safe and effective viral decontamination options for N95 FFR reuse during critical shortages. The evidence does not support autoclaving or high-heat (>90oC) approaches. Physical degradation may be an issue for certain mask models, and more real-world evidence on fit is needed. | |
| Přístup | 11. 9. 2020 13:35:26 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| Krátký název | Microwave- and Heat-Based Decontamination of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0195-6701 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.016 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TU22KGP9 | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:29:59 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:56:53 |
| Autor | Naren Vikram Raj Masna | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rohan Reddy Kalavakonda | |
| Autor | Anamika Bhuniaroy | |
| Autor | Soumyajit Mandal | |
| Autor | Swarup Bhunia | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-20 | |
| Abstrakt | Face masks provide effective, easy-to-use, and low-cost protection against airborne pathogens or infectious agents, including SARS-CoV-2. There is a wide variety of face masks available on the market for various applications, but they are all passive in nature, i.e., simply act as air filters for the nasal passage and/or mouth. In this paper, we present a new "active mask" paradigm, in which the wearable device is equipped with smart sensors and actuators to both detect the presence of airborne pathogens in real time and take appropriate action to mitigate the threat. The proposed approach is based on a closed-loop control system that senses airborne particles of different sizes close to the mask and then makes intelligent decisions to reduce their concentrations. This paper presents a specific implementation of this concept in which the on-board controller determines ambient air quality via a commercial particulate matter sensor, and if necessary activates a piezoelectric actuator that generates a mist spray to load these particles, thus causing them to fall to the ground. The proposed system communicates with the user via a smart phone application that provides various alerts, including notification of the need to recharge and/or decontaminate the mask prior to reuse. The application also enables a user to override the on-board control system and manually control the mist generator if necessary. Experimental results from a functional prototype demonstrate significant reduction in airborne particulate counts near the mask when the active protection system is enabled. | |
| Přístup | 10. 9. 2020 16:44:59 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.10420 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2008.10420 [eess] | |
| Krátký název | The Smart Mask | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2008.10420 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IAMBT89F | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 16:44:59 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:22 |
Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
| Autor | Fabrice Karabulut | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Dokument | |
| Datum | 2020-08-17 | |
| Abstrakt | Filtration plays an important role in purifying and decontaminating two life necessities: water and air. As awareness of the related health issues has increased, the demand for protection from air-borne pollution and disease has also increased. From this perspective, we explain the unique and enhanced capabilities that electrospun nanofibres provide when used as an active layer in face masks. When compared to common meltblown filters, electrospun nanofibres provide better protection against air particles, bacteria, and viruses such COVID-19 | |
| URL | https://www.innovationintextiles.com/uploads/12280/MB-vs.-NF-White-Paper.pdf | |
| Vydavatel | Revolution Fibres | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Q8K77WTK | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 16:52:38 | |
| Upraveno | 10. 9. 2020 16:55:37 |
| Autor | Aaron A. Cortes | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jorge M. Zuñiga | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives The SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Its main transmission pathway is through large respiratory droplets, as well as direct and indirect contact. Copper in different format has been used in research and clinical settings to reduce the risk of bacterial and viral contamination. Therefore, this review aims to search for evidence about the biocidal properties of copper over coronaviridae family. Methods A literature review using PubMed and Ovid servers without date or language restrictions. The search was carried out on March 7th, 2020 using the following search terms [Copper] Coronavirus OR CoV OR SARS OR MERS OR Influenza. Results Copper destroys the replication and propagation abilities of SARS-CoV, influenza and other respiratory viruses, having high potential disinfection in hospitals, communities, and households. Copper can eliminate pathogenic organisms such as coronavirus bacterial strains, influenza virus, HIV, and fungi after a short period of exposure. Conclusions Copper seems to be an effective and low-cost complementary strategy to help to reduce the transmission of several infectious diseases by limiting nosocomial infectious transmission. Copper oxide or nano-compounds may be used as filters, face masks, clothing and hospital common surfaces to reduce viruses and bacterial incubation. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 14:20:28 | |
| Publikace | Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 115176 | |
| ISSN | 0732-8893 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115176 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6QPFXDV2 | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:20:28 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:14:43 |
| Autor | Jishnu A | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jitha S Jayan | |
| Autor | Appukuttan Saritha | |
| Autor | Sethulekshmi A.s. | |
| Autor | Gopika Venu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Lotus like materials having superhydrophobicity is attaining greater demand due to the possibility of molding them into different high end applications. The major issue related to self-cleaning superhydrophobic surfaces is their restricted mechanical properties. The development of nanotechnology has brought many advantages in the fabrication and properties of superhydrophobic surfaces and thus it enhanced the demand of superhydrophobic surfaces. Many scientific groups have studied and reported about the superhydrophobicity exhibited by graphene and its analogous derivatives. The fabrication of the devices having properties ranging from anti-sticking and self-cleaning to anti-corrosion and low friction is made possible by the incorporation of this wonderful two-dimensional material. This review focuses on the preparation and properties of graphene based superhydrophobic coating materials with special mention to the wide range of applications rendered by them. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 14:22:15 | |
| Publikace | Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects | |
| Krátký název | Superhydrophobic graphene-based materials with self-cleaning and anticorrosion performance | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 125395 | |
| ISSN | 0927-7757 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125395 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CTTRJWQA | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:22:15 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:11:22 |
| Autor | Katie O’Hearn | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shira Gertsman | |
| Autor | Richard Webster | |
| Autor | Anne Tsampalieros | |
| Autor | Rhiannon Ng | |
| Autor | Jess Gibson | |
| Autor | Margaret Sampson | |
| Autor | Lindsey Sikora | |
| Autor | James Dayre McNally | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-13 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Decontaminating and re-using filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) for healthcare workers is a potential solution to address inadequate FFR supply during a global pandemic. Aim The objective of this review was to synthesize existing data on the effectiveness and safety of using chemical disinfectants to decontaminate N95 FFRs. Methods We conducted a systematic review on disinfectants to decontaminate N95 FFRs using Embase, Medline, Global Health, Google Scholar, WHO feed, and MedRxiv. Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility and extracted predefined data fields. Original research reporting on N95 FFR function, decontamination, safety, or FFR fit following decontamination with a disinfectant was included. Findings and Conclusions A single cycle of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) successfully removes viral pathogens without affecting airflow resistance or fit, and maintains an initial filter penetration of <5%, with little change in FFR appearance. Residual hydrogen peroxide levels following decontamination were within safe limits. More than one decontamination cycle of vaporized H2O2 may be possible but further information is required on how multiple cycles would affect FFR fit in a real world setting before the upper limit can be established. Although immersion in liquid H2O2 does not appear to adversely affect FFR function, there is no available data on its ability to remove infectious pathogens from FFRs or its impact on FFR fit. Sodium hypochlorite, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and ethylene oxide are not recommended due to safety concerns or negative effects on FFR function. | |
| Publikace | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| ISSN | 0195-6701 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.005 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/INFWW6UV | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:29:59 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:51:57 |
| Autor | Jennifer L. Welch | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jinhua Xiang | |
| Autor | Samantha R. Mackin | |
| Autor | Stanley Perlman | |
| Autor | Peter Thorne | |
| Autor | Patrick O’Shaughnessy | |
| Autor | Brian Strzelecki | |
| Autor | Patrick Aubin | |
| Autor | Monica Ortiz-Hernandez | |
| Autor | Jack T. Stapleton | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-12 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical need during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Alternative sources of surgical masks, including 3-dimensionally (3D) printed approaches that may be reused, are urgently needed to prevent PPE shortages. Few data exist identifying decontamination strategies to inactivate viral pathogens and retain 3D-printing material integrity. Objective: To test viral disinfection methods on 3D-printing materials. Methods: The viricidal activity of common disinfectants (10% bleach, quaternary ammonium sanitizer, 3% hydrogen peroxide, or 70% isopropanol and exposure to heat (50°C, and 70°C) were tested on four 3D-printed materials used in the healthcare setting, including a surgical mask design developed by the Veterans’ Health Administration. Inactivation was assessed for several clinically relevant RNA and DNA pathogenic viruses, including severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Results: SARS-CoV-2 and all viruses tested were completely inactivated by a single application of bleach, ammonium quaternary compounds, or hydrogen peroxide. Similarly, exposure to dry heat (70°C) for 30 minutes completely inactivated all viruses tested. In contrast, 70% isopropanol reduced viral titers significantly less well following a single application. Inactivation did not interfere with material integrity of the 3D-printed materials. Conclusions: Several standard decontamination approaches effectively disinfected 3D-printed materials. These approaches were effective in the inactivation SARS-CoV-2, its surrogates, and other clinically relevant viral pathogens. The decontamination of 3D-printed surgical mask materials may be useful during crisis situations in which surgical mask supplies are limited. | |
| Přístup | 14. 9. 2020 10:20:04 | |
| Publikace | Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 42 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 1-8 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2439112105 | |
| Extra | PMID: 32783787 PMCID: PMC7463154 | |
| ISSN | 0899-823X | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed Central | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol | |
| DOI | 10.1017/ice.2020.417 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N4SR2N5M | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 8. 2020 9:29:41 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:23:05 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-09-10
| Autor | Onur Aydin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bashar Emon | |
| Autor | Shyuan Cheng | |
| Autor | Liu Hong | |
| Autor | Leonardo P. Chamorro | |
| Autor | M. Taher A. Saif | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may spread through respiratory droplets released by infected individuals during coughing, sneezing, or speaking. Given the limited supply of professional respirators and face masks, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended home-made cloth face coverings for use by the general public. While there have been several studies on aerosol filtration performance of household fabrics, their effectiveness at blocking larger droplets has not been investigated. Here, we ascertained the performance of 11 common household fabrics at blocking large, high-velocity droplets, using a commercial medical mask as a benchmark. We also assessed the breathability (air permeability), texture, fiber composition, and water absorption properties of the fabrics. We found that most fabrics have substantial blocking efficiency (median values >70%). In particular, two layers of highly permeable fabric, such as T-shirt cloth, blocks droplets with an efficiency (>94%) similar to that of medical masks, while being approximately twice as breathable. The first layer allows about 17% of the droplet volume to transmit, but it significantly reduces their velocity. This allows the second layer to trap the transmitted droplets resulting in high blocking efficacy. Overall, our study suggests that cloth face coverings, especially with multiple layers, may help reduce droplet transmission of respiratory infections. Furthermore, face coverings made from materials such as cotton fabrics allow washing and reusing, and can help reduce the adverse environmental effects of widespread use of commercial disposable and non-biodegradable facemasks. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 14:18:52 | |
| Publikace | Extreme Mechanics Letters | |
| Krátký název | Performance of fabrics for home-made masks against the spread of COVID-19 through droplets | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 40 | |
| Rozsah | 100924 | |
| ISSN | 2352-4316 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Extreme Mechanics Letters | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.eml.2020.100924 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2FHDKFMJ | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:18:52 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:06:01 |
| Autor | Sanjay Beesoon | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Nemeshwaree Behary | |
| Autor | Anne Perwuelz | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 is spreading very quickly around the world. In less than 7 months since it became known to the international community, the virus has infected 18 million in more than 180 countries and killing more than 700,000 people. Person-to-person transmission through infected respiratory droplets from patients with symptoms and asymptomatic carriers is the main mode of spread in the community. There is currently no standard agreed upon drug to treat the disease and the prospect of having a safe and efficacious vaccine might be years away. Thus, public health interventions such as social distancing and hand washing have been introduced and has, to some extent, slowed the progression of the pandemic. Universal masking as a public health intervention is currently mandatory in a vast majority of countries around the world. To avoid personal protective equipment (PPE) shortage crisis for medical staff and other frontline workers, health authorities are recommending the use cloth masks. Although in theory, cloth masks can be helpful to limit the spread of the COVID-19, serious consideration should be given to the choice of textile, the number of layers of cloth used, pre-treatment of the material with water repellent material and other compounds that can enhance the filtration efficiency of the masks without compromising their breathability. This review uses concepts of textile engineering and the theoretical principles of filtration to make suggestions and recommendations to improve the quality and safety of cloth masks for the general public. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 14:19:26 | |
| Publikace | Preventive Medicine | |
| Krátký název | Universal masking during COVID-19 pandemic | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 139 | |
| Rozsah | 106236 | |
| ISSN | 0091-7435 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Preventive Medicine | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106236 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZC29HC5F | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:19:26 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:15 |
| Autor | A. Tcharkhtchi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | N. Abbasnezhad | |
| Autor | M. Zarbini Seydani | |
| Autor | N. Zirak | |
| Autor | S. Farzaneh | |
| Autor | M. Shirinbayan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The masks have always been mentioned as an effective tool against environmental threats. They are considered as protective equipment to preserve the respiratory system against the non-desirable air droplets and aerosols such as the viral or pollution particles. The aerosols can be pollution existence in the air, or the infectious airborne viruses initiated from the sneezing, coughing of the infected people. The filtration efficiency of the different masks against these aerosols are not the same, as the particles have different sizes, shapes, and properties. Therefore, the challenge is to fabricate the filtration masks with higher efficiency to decrease the penetration percentage at the nastiest conditions. To achieve this concept, knowledge about the mechanisms of the penetration of the aerosols through the masks at different effective environmental conditions is necessary. In this paper, the literature about the different kinds of face masks and respiratory masks, common cases of their application, and the advantages and disadvantages of them in this regard have been reviewed. Moreover, the related mechanisms of the penetration of the aerosols through the masks are discussed. The environmental conditions affecting the penetration as well as the quality of the fabrication are studied. Finally, special attention was given to the numerical simulation related to the different existing mechanisms. | |
| Přístup | 21. 8. 2020 14:36:02 | |
| Publikace | Bioactive Materials | |
| Krátký název | An overview of filtration efficiency through the masks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 106-122 | |
| ISSN | 2452-199X | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Bioactive Materials | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.002 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FAK8YN2Q | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 8. 2020 14:36:02 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 14:49:12 |
| Autor | Jie Han | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shanshan He | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-07 | |
| Abstrakt | This urgent need, as we point out in the manuscript title, stems from the fact that a regulatory gap widely exists in current quality standards and regulations on masks and respirators. By surveying the relevant ASTM, NOISH, EU, China, and ISO standards, as listed in the manuscript, we found no regulation or recommendation pertinent to this type of respirable hazard. Non-medical substitutes, such as face coverings, are also subject to such risks if made with improper household materials. There are numerous studies on assessing the filtration efficiency of masks, respirators, and recently, cloth face coverings (ACS Nano, 2020, 14, 6339; Nano Lett, 2020, 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02211). This particular issue, however, has been widely neglected by the scientific community. Studies on masks and respirators as a source of respirable debris were found to be anecdotal (Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1986, 20, 131−133). Recent discussions on disposable masks and respirators focused on their widespread use during the current pandemic and disposal into the environment (Sci Total Environ 2020, 737:140279; Waste Manage 2020, 108, 202-205). By putting several top-selling medical face masks and N95 respirators under microscopes, we found plenty of micro(nano)plastic debris on their inner facings, with some appearing to be loosely attached while others still connected to their structural fibers. The two types of debris often appear in the same cluster with similar morphology and texture. Figure 1 in the manuscript shows examples of these, and we have submitted a file containing additional images with methods and QA/QC as further evidence. With the novel coronavirus still looming in our communities, there is a strong ongoing demand for personal respiratory protection devices. Supported by the latest guidance from WHO, many regulatory bodies have made these a compulsory requirement for the public when using public transport, or in certain settings where it is difficult to maintain adequate physical distancing. Respirable hazards such as micro(nano)plastics in these, if pervasively exist, may pose a public health concern. Children, the elderly, and individuals having chronic respiratory diseases may be particularly sensitive to this type of inhalable contaminants. With a growing body of evidence on their adverse effects, micro(nano)plastics is an active research domain with a quickly expanding scope. Researchers studying their inhalation, via atmospheric or other anthropogenic sources, are now facing the reality that there is a piece of plastic garment on top of the mouth and nose of millions of people every day. With these becoming a necessity for many in their daily life and work, questions must be raised over this apparent regulatory gap concerning their long-term use safety. The current pandemic, if anything, should bring this particular issue under scrutiny. | |
| Publikace | ChemRxiv | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2431127007 | |
| Extra | Place: Washington Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| DOI | 10.26434/chemrxiv.12751718.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7W466N8R | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:02:22 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:04:36 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-08
| Autor | Saikat Sinha Ray | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | You-In Park | |
| Autor | Hosik Park | |
| Autor | Seung-Eun Nam | |
| Autor | In-Chul Kim | |
| Autor | Young-Nam Kwon | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-07 | |
| Abstrakt | With the emergence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it is essential that face masks demonstrating significant anti-droplet and hydrophobic characteristics are developed and distributed. In this study, a commercial compressed-polyurethane (C-PU) mask was modified by applying a hydrophobic and anti-droplet coating using a silica sol, which was formed by the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) under alkaline conditions and hydrolyzed hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) to achieve hydrophobization. The modified mask (C-PU/Si/HDTMS) demonstrated good water repellency resulting in high water contact angle (132°) and low sliding angle (17°). Unmodified and modified masks were characterized using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A drainage test confirmed the strong interaction between the mask surface and coating. Moreover, the coating had negligible effect on the average pore size of the C-PU mask, which retained its high breathability after modification. The application of this coating is a facile approach to impart anti-droplet, hydrophobic, and self-cleaning characteristics to C-PU masks. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 14:18:25 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Technology & Innovation | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 20 | |
| Rozsah | 101093 | |
| ISSN | 2352-1864 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environmental Technology & Innovation | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101093 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XBB57PJB | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:18:25 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:11:27 |
| Autor | Ming Hui Chua | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Weiren Cheng | |
| Autor | Shermin Simin Goh | |
| Autor | Junhua Kong | |
| Autor | Bing Li | |
| Autor | Jason Y. C. Lim | |
| Autor | Lu Mao | |
| Autor | Suxi Wang | |
| Autor | Kun Xue | |
| Autor | Le Yang | |
| Autor | Enyi Ye | |
| Autor | Kangyi Zhang | |
| Autor | Wun Chet Davy Cheong | |
| Autor | Beng Hoon Tan | |
| Autor | Zibiao Li | |
| Autor | Ban Hock Tan | |
| Autor | Xian Jun Loh | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-07 | |
| Abstrakt | The increasing prevalence of infectious diseases in recent decades has posed a serious threat to public health. Routes of transmission differ, but the respiratory droplet or airborne route has the greatest potential to disrupt social intercourse, while being amenable to prevention by the humble face mask. Different types of masks give different levels of protection to the user. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has even resulted in a global shortage of face masks and the raw materials that go into them, driving individuals to self-produce masks from household items. At the same time, research has been accelerated towards improving the quality and performance of face masks, e.g., by introducing properties such as antimicrobial activity and superhydrophobicity. This review will cover mask-wearing from the public health perspective, the technical details of commercial and home-made masks, and recent advances in mask engineering, disinfection, and materials and discuss the sustainability of mask-wearing and mask production into the future. | |
| Publikace | Research | |
| Ročník | 2020 | |
| Rozsah | 7286735 | |
| Extra | Publisher: AAAS | |
| DOI | 10.34133/2020/7286735 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6PSI9I2Q | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 8. 2020 15:05:29 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:55:47 |
| Autor | P. Bradford Smith | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Gina Agostini | |
| Autor | John C. Mitchell | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-06 | |
| Abstrakt | With the 2019 emergence of coronavirus disease 19 (colloquially called COVID-19) came renewed public concern about airborne and aerosolized virus transmission. Accompanying this concern were many conflicting dialogues about which forms of personal protective equipment best protect dental health care practitioners and their patients from viral exposure. In this comprehensive review we provide a thorough and critical assessment of face masks and face shields, some of the most frequently recommended personal safeguards against viral infection. We begin by describing the function and practicality of the most common mask types used in dentistry: procedural masks, surgical masks, and filtering respirator facemasks (also called N95s). This is followed by a critical assessment of mask use based on a review of published evidence in three key domains: the degree to which each mask type is shown to protect against airborne and aerosolized disease, the reported likelihood for non-compliance among mask users, and risk factors associated with both proper and improper mask use. We use this information to conclude our review with several practical, evidence-based recommendations for mask use in dental and dental educational clinics. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 14:23:26 | |
| Publikace | Safety Science | |
| Krátký název | A scoping review of surgical masks and N95 filtering facepiece respirators | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 131 | |
| Rozsah | 104920 | |
| ISSN | 0925-7535 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Safety Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104920 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FTFK2FW2 | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:23:26 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:36:40 |
| Autor | G. R. Teesing | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bart van Straten | |
| Autor | Peter de Man | |
| Autor | Tim Horeman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Background There is a worldwide shortage of medical grade face masks. Donning masks can play an important role in curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Aim To conclude if there is an effective mask for the population to wear in public that could easily be made during a medical face mask shortage using readily available materials. Methods We determined the effectiveness of readily available materials and models for making a face mask. The outcomes were compared with N95/FFP2/KN95 masks that entered the Netherlands in April-May 2020. Masks were tested to see if they filter a minimum of 35% of 0.3ɥm particles, are hydrophobic, seal on the face, are breathable, and can be washed. Findings Fourteen of the 25 (combinations of) materials filtered at least 35% of 0.3ɥm particles. Four of the materials proved hydrophobic, all commercially manufactured filters. Two models sealed the face. Twenty-two of the 25 materials were breathable at <0.7 mbar. None of the hydrophobic materials stayed intact after washing. Conclusions It would be possible to reduce the reproduction rate of SARS CoV-2 from 2.4 to below one if 39% of the population would wear a mask made from ePM₁ 85% commercially manufactured filter fabric and in a duckbill form. This mask performs better than 80% of the imported N95/FFP2/KN95 masks and provides a better fit than a surgical mask. Two layers of quilt fabric with a household paper towel as filter is also a viable choice for protecting the user and the environment. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 14:26:40 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| Krátký název | Is there an adequate alternative for commercially manufactured face masks? | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0195-6701 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Hospital Infection | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.024 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NBR6VCF2 | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:26:40 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:01:08 |
| Autor | Ralf E. Harskamp | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bart van Straten | |
| Autor | Jonathan Bouman | |
| Autor | Bernadette van Maltha-van Santvoort | |
| Autor | John J. van den Dobbelsteen | |
| Autor | Joost RM van der Sijp | |
| Autor | Tim Horeman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective There are widespread shortages of personal protective equipment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reprocessing filtering facepiece particle (FFP)-type respirators may provide an alternative solution in keeping healthcare professionals safe. Design Prospective, bench-to-bedside. Setting A primary care-based study using FFP-2 respirators without exhalation valve (3M Aura 1862+ (20 samples), Maco Pharma ZZM002 (14 samples)), FFP-2 respirators with valve (3M Aura 9322+ (six samples) and San Huei 2920V (16 samples)) and valved FFP type 3 respirators (Safe Worker 1016 (10 samples)). Interventions All masks were reprocessed using a medical autoclave (17 min at 121°C with 34 min total cycle time) and subsequently tested up to three times whether these respirators retained their integrity (seal check and pressure drop) and ability to filter small particles (0.3–5.0 µm) in the laboratory using a particle penetration test. Results We tested 33 respirators and 66 samples for filter capacity. All FFP-2 respirators retained their shape, whereas half of the decontaminated FFP-3 respirators showed deformities and failed the seal check. The filtering capacity of the 3M Aura 1862 was best retained after one, two and three decontamination cycles (0.3 µm: 99.3%±0.3% (new) vs 97.0±1.3, 94.2±1.3% or 94.4±1.6; p<0.001). Of the other FFP-2 respirators, the San Huei 2920 V had 95.5%±0.7% at baseline vs 92.3%±1.7% vs 90.0±0.7 after one-time and two-time decontaminations, respectively (p<0.001). The tested FFP-3 respirator (Safe Worker 1016) had a filter capacity of 96.5%±0.7% at baseline and 60.3%±5.7% after one-time decontamination (p<0.001). Breathing and pressure resistance tests indicated no relevant pressure changes between respirators that were used once, twice or thrice. Conclusion This small single-centre study shows that selected FFP-2 respirators may be reprocessed for use in primary care, as the tested masks retain their shape, ability to retain particles and breathing comfort after decontamination using a medical autoclave. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 14:59:22 | |
| Publikace | BMJ Open | |
| Krátký název | Reprocessing filtering facepiece respirators in primary care using medical autoclave | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Práva | © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. | |
| Extra | Publisher: British Medical Journal Publishing Group Section: General practice / Family practice PMID: 32753454 | |
| ISSN | 2044-6055 | |
| Katalog knihovny | bmjopen.bmj.com | |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039454 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5GWRAUJH | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 14:59:22 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:09:11 |
| Autor | Dr Awa S Doumbia | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Pr Amadou Hamadoun Babana | |
| Autor | M Abdourhamane Noussoura Diallo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Face barrier masks were realized according to AFNOR SPEC S76-001 and ECOSTAND standard 082 2020 (ECOWAS standard). Cotton textile with specific properties according to previous standards was used to make face mask with pertinent barrier parameter after several washing steps. To compare with treated textile with natural dye which is naturally antibacterial properties, we use N’galama” Anogeissusleiocarpus”. Masks made with a cotton fabric treated or not and washed or not; showed a barrier effect of 100% efficiency, after spraying with a stream of sodium chloride aerosol and an aerosol based on bacteria. Additional with yellow fabric dying with N’galama there are is a reduction of the number of bacteria on the external surface of the masks by 33%. All of the tests made by CERFITEX on fabric used and mask barrier physical and others properties are compliant with standard. | |
| URL | https://www.ijsr.net/get_abstract.php?paper_id=SR20817161646 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Science and Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 9 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 1226-1230 | |
| ISSN | 2319-7064 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Zotero | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/B4QWVCEG | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 16:24:08 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:24 |
| Autor | Weixing Hao | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andrew Parasch | |
| Autor | Stephen Williams | |
| Autor | Jiayu Li | |
| Autor | Hongyan Ma | |
| Autor | Joel Burken | |
| Autor | Yang Wang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08 | |
| Abstrakt | The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is causing a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) in different countries around the world. Because the coronavirus can transmit through droplets and aerosols, facemasks and N95 respirators that require complex certification, are urgently needed. Given the situation, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that "in settings where facemasks are not available, healthcare personnel might use homemade masks (e.g., bandana, scarf) for the care of patients with COVID-19 as a last resort." Although aerosols and droplets can be removed through the fibers of fabrics through a series of filtration mechanisms, their filtration performances have not been evaluated in detail. Moreover, there are a series of non-medical materials available on the market, such as household air filters, coffee filters, and different types of fabrics, which may be useful when facemasks and respirators are not available. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the overall and size-dependent filtration performances of non-medical materials. The experiments were conducted under different face velocities to study its influence on size-dependent filtration performances. The flow resistance across these filter materials is measured as an indicator of the breathability of the materials. The results illustrate that multiple layers of household air filters are able to achieve similar filtration efficiencies compared to the N95 material without causing a significant increase in flow resistance. Considering that these air filters may shed micrometer fibers during the cutting and folding processes, it is recommended that these filters should be inserted in multiple layers of fabrics when manufacturing facemasks or respirators. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 14:04:23 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 229 | |
| Rozsah | 113582 | |
| Extra | Place: Munich Publisher: Elsevier Gmbh WOS:000600905600022 | |
| ISSN | 1438-4639 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113582 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9KFF7GIS | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 14:40:24 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 10. 2021 13:59:49 |
| Autor | Vukoman Jokanović | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Marija Živković | |
| Autor | Nemanja Zdravković | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-31 | |
| Abstrakt | A new approach to the protection against infections caused by bacteria and various viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 is described. In concrete example, protective filters and ALBO nanosilver masks showed extraordinary efficiency in protection against Staphylococcus aureus. These results show that it highly overcomes the efficiency of ordinary surgical masks. Besides, systematic meta-analysis given for ordinary surgical masks and filters N95 for masks and respirators, showed no statistical difference between them in the case of SARS-CoV-2. On the base our experimental data and systemic meta-analysis given in this paper, it can be concluded that ALBO nanosilver masks have significant advantages, and show a very perspective concept of developing new protective gear. | |
| Přístup | 21. 8. 2020 14:54:39 | |
| Publikace | Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije | |
| Ročník | 67 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 100-109 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.doiserbia.nb.rs | |
| DOI | 10.2298/SGS2002100J | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EH8XH8EB | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 8. 2020 14:54:39 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:36:00 |
| Autor | Xinbo Yin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Xiaokai Wang | |
| Autor | Su Xu | |
| Autor | Caiyun He | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-31 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: With the epidemic of COVID-19, the health care workers (HCWs) require proper respiratory personal protective equipment (rPPE) against viral respiratory infectious diseases. However, there is little published evidence comparing their efficacy. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of rPPEs and the wearing manner preventing from the viral respiratory infectious diseases (VRID). Methods: This NMA protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020179489). PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched by computer to collect cluster randomized control trials of comparing the effectiveness of rPPEs and wearing manner in preventing HCWs from VRID. The primary outcome was the incidence of laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infection. The secondary outcome was the incidence of CRI. The Bayesian NMA was conducted to use the control group as the comparison group. Incidence of the VRID and CRI were reported as network odds ratio (network OR) and 95% credibility interval (CrI). Results: Six studies encompassed 11,828 HCWs and seven interventions were included. In terms of the incidence of laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infection, the continuous wearing of N95 respirator (network OR, 0.48; 95% CrI 0.27 to 0.86; SUCRA score, 85.4) showed more effective than the control group. In terms of the incidence of CRI, there are no interventions that showed more effective than the control group. Conclusion: There are significant differences in preventive efficacy among current rPPEs. Our result suggests that continuous wearing of N95 respirator can serve as the best preventive rPPE for HCWs from the VRID. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 14:53:11 | |
| Publikace | Authorea COVID-19 Preprints | |
| Krátký název | Comparative efficacy of respiratory personal protective equipment against viral respiratory infectious diseases in healthcare workers | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.22541/au.159620942.29534526 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| DOI | 10.22541/au.159620942.29534526 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PD3Q88JG | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 14:53:11 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:43:16 |
| Autor | Bhanu B Neupane | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ravindra K Chaudhary | |
| Autor | Amita Sharma | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-30 | |
| Abstrakt | Background In pandemics, because of increased demand and subsequent shortage of commercial facemasks, people need to use cloth facemasks, although such masks are reported to provide reduced protection. These masks can be prepared in local levels from different fabric materials. In developing countries, cloth masks are preferable because of low cost and added advantages of reusability. The filtering performance of a cloth facemask depends on the facial fit and on the material properties of fabrics such as porosity, yarn spacing or packing, and pore size. In resource limited settings, an affordable and easy to implement method that can assess the surface properties of cloth facemask fabrics would be important. Methods In this work, we developed a smartphone microscopic method for rapid screening of fabric quality. We measured the field of view of the microscope and as a proof of concept, we implemented the method to examine surfaces of sixteen locally available cloth mask fabrics. Results Out of the 16 masks examined, we found very diverse yarn packing and pore morphology (pore size and shape) in the fabrics. The pore size ranged from ~80 to 720 μm; much larger than respiratory droplet and bio-aerosol. This observation partly explains why such cloth facemasks provide reduced protection to the user during pandemics. The performance of a cloth facemask partly depends on the material properties of fabric such as yarn packing, pore size, porosity. Therefore, the surface properties of fabrics obtained from the smartphone method can be used to get preliminary idea on the facemask quality. We believe that the method can be an affordable and rapid method for selection of better fabrics for cloth facemask during pandemics. | |
| Publikace | PeerJ | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2428724746 | |
| Extra | Place: San Diego Publisher: PeerJ, Inc. | |
| DOI | 10.7717/peerj.9647 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/R88JD92G | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:02:22 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:37:00 |
Copyright - © 2020 Neupane et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-07-31
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - United States--US
| Autor | Kris O’Dowd | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Keerthi M. Nair | |
| Autor | Parnia Forouzandeh | |
| Autor | Snehamol Mathew | |
| Autor | Jamie Grant | |
| Autor | Ruth Moran | |
| Autor | John Bartlett | |
| Autor | Jerry Bird | |
| Autor | Suresh C. Pillai | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-29 | |
| Abstrakt | The outbreak of COVID-19 has spread rapidly across the globe, greatly affecting how humans as a whole interact, work and go about their daily life. One of the key pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) that is being utilised to return to the norm is the face mask or respirator. In this review we aim to examine face masks and respirators, looking at the current materials in use and possible future innovations that will enhance their protection against SARS-CoV-2. Previous studies concluded that cotton, natural silk and chiffon could provide above 50% efficiency. In addition, it was found that cotton quilt with a highly tangled fibrous nature provides efficient filtration in the small particle size range. Novel designs by employing various filter materials such as nanofibres, silver nanoparticles, and nano-webs on the filter surfaces to induce antimicrobial properties are also discussed in detail. Modification of N95/N99 masks to provide additional filtration of air and to deactivate the pathogens using various technologies such as low- temperature plasma is reviewed. Legislative guidelines for selecting and wearing facial protection are also discussed. The feasibility of reusing these masks will be examined as well as a discussion on the modelling of mask use and the impact wearing them can have. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models and its applications to minimise or prevent the spread of the virus using face masks and respirators is also addressed. It is concluded that a significant amount of research is required for the development of highly efficient, reusable, anti-viral and thermally regulated face masks and respirators. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 14:51:54 | |
| Publikace | Materials | |
| Krátký název | Face Masks and Respirators in the Fight Against the COVID-19 Pandemic | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 15 | |
| Rozsah | 3363 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 15 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ma13153363 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3M7Y9AQI | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 14:51:54 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:55:28 |
| Autor | Suresh K. Sharma | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mayank Mishra | |
| Autor | Shiv K. Mudgal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Novel coronavirus is believed to be tiny enough (0.08–0.14 μm) to penetrate through face mask, thus protection offered by cloth mask may be too low. However, the use of cloth face mask in community has been recommended by the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and regulatory bodies of other countries. There is paucity of literature on efficacy of cloth face mask in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection transmission; thus, this review aims to update the available most recent evidences on efficacy of cloth face masks in prevention of viral infection transmission.<br> <b>METHODS:</b> We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Clinical Trials Register for identifying studies related to this review using free-text terms and MeSH terms. Both experimental and observational studies on efficacy of cloth masks which were published in English language have been included in this review except expert opinions, commentaries, editorials, and review articles. Twelve studies were eligible to be included in review for data extraction and qualitative synthesis was carried out from extracted data but quantitative analysis (meta-analysis) could not be performed because of serious heterogeneity between the studies.<br> <b>RESULTS:</b> Cloth face masks show minimum efficacy in source control than the medical grade mask. The efficacy of cloth face masks filtration varies and depends on the type of material used, number of layers, and degree of moisture in mask and fitting of mask on face.<br> <b>CONCLUSION:</b> Cloth face masks have limited efficacy in combating viral infection transmission. However, it may be used in closed, crowded indoor, and outdoor public spaces involving physical proximity to prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 16:17:07 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Education and Health Promotion | |
| Krátký název | Efficacy of cloth face mask in prevention of novel coronavirus infection transmission | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 9 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 192 | |
| Extra | Company: Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd. Distributor: Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd. Institution: Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd. Label: Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd. Publisher: Medknow Publications | |
| ISSN | 2277-9531 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.jehp.net | |
| DOI | 10.4103/jehp.jehp_533_20 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/A2LREW39 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 16:17:07 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:52:10 |
| Autor | Benjamin E. Steinberg | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kazuyoshi Aoyama | |
| Autor | Mark McVey | |
| Autor | David Levin | |
| Autor | Asad Siddiqui | |
| Autor | Farrukh Munshey | |
| Autor | Neil M. Goldenberg | |
| Autor | David Faraoni | |
| Autor | Jason T. Maynes | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Under times of supply chain stress, the availability of some medical equipment and supplies may become limited. The current pandemic involving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has highlighted limitations to the ordinary provision of personal protective equipment (PPE). For perioperative healthcare workers, N95 masks provide a stark example of PPE in short supply necessitating the creation of scientifically valid protocols for their decontamination and reuse. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 14:50:32 | |
| Publikace | Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie | |
| Krátký název | Efficacy and safety of decontamination for N95 respirator reuse | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1496-8975 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12630-020-01770-w | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YTZJRDUK | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:50:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:51:51 |
| Autor | Ian D. Swain | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been much debate in the media on whether masks should be worn to stop the spread of the virus. There are two ways in which they could work. Firstly, to protect the person wearing the mask, and secondly, to reduce the likelihood of the person wearing the mask passing the disease on to anyone else. This is not an easy issue to address and many factors come into play such as droplet size, aerosol transmission and the viral load, as well as the specific properties of any given mask. The method used in this study was to measure the change in relative humidity when wearing a mask, compared to no mask, in various scenarios, based on the assumption that as the virus is air-borne the smaller the increase in humidity the less the spread of the virus. The results above show that the use of a mask, excluding some simple home-made ones, significantly reduces the spread of humidity. However, their effectiveness is device specific and needs to be considered in greater detail for each type of mask, especially the direction of escaping air when forward flow is blocked. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 14:54:44 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology | |
| Krátký název | Why the mask? | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Rozsah | 1-4 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/03091902.2020.1797198 PMID: 32716230 | |
| ISSN | 0309-1902 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/03091902.2020.1797198 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6U3RH6J9 | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 14:54:44 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:16:01 |
| Autor | Amit Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Richa Kaushik | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-27 | |
| Abstrakt | The current study was performed to prepare three-layered homemade mask by simple procedure with the help of easily available raw materials at home in minimum duration without any major equipment like stitching machine. The masks are useful to protect us against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens according to recent issued guidelines by Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. The homemade mask were prepared by commonly available materials at home and easily prepared by using the simple procedure, which was described step-by-step in the current study. The simple procedure was consisting only seven steps that were described in text and practical aspect, also. Finally, evaluation of the cost and duration of one mask was also done. Results of the study revealed that the mask can easily and successfully prepared to follow the seven steps of the simple procedure, which was performed and shown theoretically and practically in the study. It was also found that the mask was prepared only in average duration i.e. 21 minutes with any cost if raw materials were available at home. In addition, cost of mask per piece was also calculated only rupees 6.75/- per piece after purchasing the consumable material from market. Further the cost of the mask was compared and found cheaper than the others. Three-layered homemade mask is better option to cover face, which can provide us prevention measures from SARS-CoV-2 infection. In current situation, there is huge demand of the mask due to the emerging and highly contagious viral COVID-19. Therefore the study provides an option to prepare the three-layered homemade mask by this simple procedure at your place and use it many times after washing and disinfecting properly. | |
| Přístup | 3. 11. 2020 10:24:38 | |
| URL | https://www.pharmacyjournal.net/archives/2020/vol5/issue3/5-2-27 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 5 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 06-09 | |
| ISSN | 2455-4685 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.pharmacyjournal.net | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MDLK2P8Y | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 10:24:38 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:24 |
| Autor | Timo J. C. Oude Vrielink | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Johanna H. Meijer | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-21 | |
| Abstrakt | Given the current shortage of respirator masks and the resulting lack of personal protective equipment for use by clinical staff, we examined bottom-up solutions that would allow hospitals to fabricate respirator masks that: (i) meet requirements in terms of filtering capacities, (ii) are easy to produce rapidly and locally, and (iii) can be constructed using materials commonly available in hospitals worldwide. We found that Halyard H300 material used for wrapping of surgical instruments and routinely available in hospitals, met these criteria. Specifically, three layers of material achieved a filter efficiency of 94%, 99%, and 100% for 0.3 μm, 0.5 μm, and 3.0 μm particles, respectively; importantly, these values are close to the efficiency provided by FFP2 and N95 masks. After re-sterilization up to 5 times, the filter’s efficiency remains sufficiently high for use as an FFP1 respirator mask. Finally, using only one layer of the material satisfies the criteria for use as a ‘surgical mask’. This material can therefore be used to help protect hospital staff and other healthcare professionals who require access to high quality masks but lack commercially available solutions. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 15:25:32 | |
| Publikace | PLOS ONE | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 15 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS ONE | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0236239 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZA4HD4PR | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 15:25:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:24 |
| Autor | Glykeria Loupa | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dimitra Karali | |
| Autor | Spyridon Rapsomanikis | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-21 | |
| Abstrakt | The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, effected the imposition of personal protection measures in a large number of countries. The use of commercially available personal face masks was widely accepted as such a protective measure. Since the quality of the face masks scanned the spectrum from surgical to the home made fabric ones, it was considered appropriate to experimentally establish their effectiveness for stopping aerosol in entering the respiratory system of the bearer. Presently, the masks were tested with polydisperse indoor air. Their effectiveness was examined for aerosol of aerodynamic diameters of 0.006 μm to 10 μm. Of these masks, only two were effective for the whole range of aerosol. Cloth masks were found to be ineffective for the whole spectrum of aerosol particle sizes and especially in SARS-CoV-2 virus most abundant size range. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 15:26:45 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155119 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9Z8QAFP9 | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 15:26:45 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:38:38 |
| Autor | Marie-Line Andreola | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Frederic Becquart | |
| Autor | Wahbi Jomaa | |
| Autor | Paul O. Verhoeven | |
| Autor | Gerard Baldacchino | |
| Autor | Simon Hemour | |
| Autor | D-Mask | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-18 | |
| Abstrakt | The wide use of facemasks through the population to prevent SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission, and its resulting mis- or even non-decontamination are challenging the management of the epidemic at a large scale. As a complement to machine-wash that wastes significant amount of water and energy, hot hygroscopic materials could be used to decontaminate non-medical facemasks in household settings. We report the inactivation of a viral load on a facial mask for an exposure of 15 minutes, with the combined effect of heat and humidity under a decaying pattern suggesting straight-forward general public deployment towards a reliable implementation by the population. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 15:30:39 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155481 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/SXVRJAPZ | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 15:30:39 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:14:28 |
| Autor | Joseph Schwan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Troy R. Alva | |
| Autor | Giorgio Nava | |
| Autor | Carla Berrospe Rodriguez | |
| Autor | Justin W. Chartron | |
| Autor | Joshua Morgan | |
| Autor | Lorenzo Mangolini | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-17 | |
| Abstrakt | During the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic took the world by surprise, rapidly spreading undetected between and within many countries and wreaking havoc on the global economy both through death tolls and lockdowns. Healthcare professionals treating the coronavirus patients grapple with a massive and unprecedented shortage of Facepiece Respirators (FPRs) and other personal protective equipment (PPE), which act as fundamental tools to protect the health of the medical staff treating the patients affected by the coronavirus. While many FPRs are designed to be disposable single-use devices, the development of sterilization strategies is necessary to circumvent future shortages. Here, we describe the development of a plasma-based method to sterilize PPE such as FPRs with ozone. The novel design uses a flow-through configuration where ozone directly flows through the fibers of the PPE through the maintenance of a pressure gradient. Canonical ozone-based methods place the mask into a sealed ozone-containing enclosure but lack pressurization to permeate the mask fibers. In this device, ozone is created through an atmospheric pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) fed with compressed air. Due to limited supply and clinical need of FPRs, we demonstrated sterilization with surgical masks. We demonstrate rapid sterilization using E. coli as a model pathogen. A flow-through configuration enables a >400% improvement of the sterilization efficiency with respect to the canonical approach. This method has potential for a broad and cost-effective utilization. Using the power supply from a readily available plasma ball toy, a plastic box, a glass tube, steel mesh, and 3D printed components, we designed and tested an extremely affordable portable prototype system for rapid single mask sterilization which produced comparable results to its large high-cost equivalent. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 15:28:01 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.09280 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2007.09280 [physics] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2007.09280 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Z86AWPRC | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 15:28:01 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:24 |
Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, pre-print
| Autor | Richard E. Peltier | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jiayuan Wang | |
| Autor | Brian L. Hollenbeck | |
| Autor | Jennifer Lanza | |
| Autor | Ryan M. Furtado | |
| Autor | Jay Cyr | |
| Autor | Richard T. Ellison | |
| Autor | Kimiyoshi J. Kobayashi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-16 | |
| Abstrakt | Decontamination of N95 respirators is being used by clinicians in the face of a global shortage of these devices. Some treatments for decontamination, such as some vaporized hydrogen peroxide methods or ultraviolet methods, had no impact on respiratory performance, while other treatments resulted in substantial damage to masks. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 15:34:45 | |
| Publikace | Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | |
| Krátký název | Addressing decontaminated respirators | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 1-3 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cambridge University Press | |
| ISSN | 1559-6834 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Cambridge University Press | |
| DOI | 10.1017/ice.2020.332 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5PSZIKDN | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 15:34:45 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:38:03 |
| Autor | Nathan J. Edwards | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rebecca Widrick | |
| Autor | Richard Potember | |
| Autor | Mike Gerschefske | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective: To determine the effectiveness of non-medical grade washable masks or face coverings in controlling airborne dispersion from exhalation (both droplet and aerosol), and to aid in establishing public health strategies on the wearing of masks to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Design: This comparative effectiveness study using an exhalation simulator to conduct 94 experiment runs with combinations of 8 different fabrics, 5 mask designs, and airflows for both talking and coughing. Setting: Non-airtight fume hood and multiple laser scattering particle sensors. Participants: No human participants. Exposure: 10% NaCl nebulized solution delivered by an exhalation simulator through various masks and fabrics with exhalation airflows representative of "coughing" and "talking or singing." Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was reduction in aerosol dispersion velocity, quantity of particles, and change in dispersion direction. Measurements used in this study included peak expiratory flow (PEF), aerosol velocity, concentration area under curve (AUC), and two novel metrics of expiratory flow dispersion factor (EDF) and filtration efficiency indicator (FEI). Results: Three-way multivariate analysis of variance establishes that factors of fabric, mask design, and exhalation breath level have a statistically significant effect on changing direction, reducing velocity or concentration (Fabric: P = < .001, Wilks9 Λ = .000; Mask design: P = < .001, Wilks9 Λ = .000; Breath level: P = < .001, Wilks9 Λ = .004). There were also statistically significant interaction effects between combinations of all primary factors. Conclusions and Relevance: The application of facial coverings or masks can significantly reduce the airborne dispersion of aerosolized particles from exhalation. The results show that wearing of non-medical grade washable masks or face coverings can help increase the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) especially where infectious contaminants may exist in shared air spaces. However, the effectiveness varies greatly between the specific fabrics and mask designs used. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 15:14:06 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.07.12.20152157 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K2U2CIXK | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 15:14:06 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:08:11 |
| Autor | Amy V. Mueller | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Matthew J. Eden | |
| Autor | Jessica M. Oakes | |
| Autor | Chiara Bellini | |
| Autor | Loretta A. Fernandez | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-09 | |
| Abstrakt | In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, cloth masks are being used to control the spread of virus, but the efficacy of these loose-fitting masks is not well known. Here, tools and methods typically used to assess tight-fitting respirators were modified to quantify the efficacy of community- and commercially-produced fabric masks as PPE. Two particle counters concurrently sample ambient air and air inside the masks; mask performance is evaluated by mean particle removal efficiency and statistical variability when worn as designed and with a nylon overlayer, to independently assess fit and material. Worn as designed, both commercial surgical masks and cloth masks had widely varying effectiveness (53-75% and 28-90% particle removal efficiency, respectively). Most surgical-style masks improved with the nylon overlayer, indicating poor fit. This rapid testing method uses widely available hardware, requires only a few calculations from collected data, and provides both a holistic and aspect-wise evaluation of mask performance. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 14:40:08 | |
| Publikace | Matter | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 2590-2385 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Matter | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.matt.2020.07.006 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4HP8VUGL | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 14:40:09 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:08:20 |
| Autor | Carlos E. Rodriguez-Martinez | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Monica P. Sossa-Briceño | |
| Autor | Jorge A. Cortés | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction As has happened in other emerging respiratory pandemics, demand for N95 filtering facemask respirators (FFRs) has far exceeded their manufacturing production and availability in the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. One of the proposed strategies for mitigating the massive demand for N95 FFRs is their reuse after a process of decontamination that allows the inactivation of any potentially infectious material on their surfaces. This article aims to summarize all of the available evidence on the different decontamination methods that might allow disposable N95 FFRs to be reused, with emphasis on decontamination from SARS-CoV-2. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature in order to identify studies reporting outcomes of at least 1 decontamination method for inactivating or removing any potentially infectious material from the surface of N95 FFRs, specifically addressing issues related to reduction of the microbial threat (including SARS-CoV-2 when available), maintaining the function of N95 FFRs and a lack of residual toxicity. Results We identified a total of 15 studies reporting on the different decontamination methods that might allow disposable N95 FFRs to be reused, including small-scale energetic methods and disinfecting solutions/spray/wipes. Among these decontamination methods, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation and vaporized hydrogen peroxide seem to be the most promising decontamination methods for N95 FFRs, based on their biocidal efficacy, filtration performance, fitting characteristics, and residual chemical toxicity, as well as other practical aspects such as the equipment required for their implementation and the maximum number of decontamination cycles. Conclusions Although all the methods for the decontamination and reuse of N95 FFRs have advantages and disadvantages, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation and vaporized hydrogen peroxide seem to be the most promising methods. | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| ISSN | 0196-6553 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.004 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CPVQ8JJ6 | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 9. 2020 15:33:12 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:46:19 |
| Autor | Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ana Paula Fonte | |
| Autor | Antónia Andrade Lopes | |
| Autor | Bruno Oliveira | |
| Autor | João Almeida Fonseca | |
| Autor | Altamiro Costa‐Pereira | |
| Autor | Osvaldo Correia | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-06 | |
| Abstrakt | To the Editors: Sunjaya and Jenkins present several evidence‐based arguments favouring the universal use of face masks against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19).1 Considering the need for prioritizing medical masks to healthcare professionals, the authors recommend using home‐made cloth masks (‘community masks’) for the general public.1 The ability of such masks to filter particles is not expected to be indifferent to the cloth type and to the number of layers. While some materials have been assessed, comparative studies are scarce. Therefore, and to help providing recommendations on community masks, we assessed different types of cloth in their filtration capacity and breathability. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 15:08:10 | |
| Publikace | Respirology | |
| Krátký název | Face masks for community use | |
| Ročník | 25 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 894-895 | |
| Práva | © 2020 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/resp.13891 | |
| ISSN | 1440-1843 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1111/resp.13891 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NRQ45WFX | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 15:08:10 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:55:41 |
| Autor | Brooke M. Su-Velez | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Tom Maxim | |
| Autor | Jennifer L. Long | |
| Autor | Maie A. St John | |
| Autor | Michael A. Holliday | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-02 | |
| Abstrakt | Importance: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proven to be highly infectious, putting health care professionals around the world at increased risk. Furthermore, there are widespread shortages of necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) for these individuals. Filtering facepiece respirators, such as the N95 respirator, intended for single use, can be reused in times of need. We explore the evidence for decontamination or sterilization of N95 respirators for health care systems seeking to conserve PPE while maintaining the health of their workforce. Observations: The filtration properties and fit of N95 respirators must be preserved to function adequately over multiple uses. Studies have shown that chemical sterilization using soap and water, alcohols, and bleach render the respirator nonfunctional. Decontamination with microwave heat and high dry heat also result in degradation of respirator material. UV light, steam, low-dry heat, and commercial sterilization methods with ethylene oxide or vaporized hydrogen peroxide appear to be viable options for successful decontamination. Furthermore, since the surface viability of the novel coronavirus is presumed to be 72 hours, rotating N95 respirator use and allowing time decontamination of the respirators is also a reasonable option. We describe a protocol and best practice recommendations for redoffing decontaminated N95 and rotating N95 respirator use. Conclusions and Relevance: COVID-19 presents a high risk for health care professionals, particularly otolaryngologists, owing to the nature of viral transmission, including possible airborne transmission and high viral load in the upper respiratory tract. Proper PPE is effective when used correctly, but in times of scarce resources, institutions may turn to alternative methods of preserving and reusing filtering facepiece respirators. Based on studies conducted on the decontamination of N95 respirators after prior outbreaks, there are several options for institutions to consider for both immediate and large-scale implementation. | |
| Publikace | JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery | |
| Jazyk | eng | |
| Extra | PMID: 32614377 PMCID: PMC7775871 | |
| ISSN | 2168-619X | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | |
| DOI | 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.1423 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ELFAAFY2 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:22:05 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:48:42 |
| Autor | Hoi Pin Kim | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mi Seong Jo | |
| Autor | Cheol Hong Kim | |
| Autor | Jeong Suk Choi | |
| Autor | Il Je Yu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-1 | |
| Abstrakt | With the rapid global spread of the new coronavirus and risk of pneumonia from COVID-19 infection, wearing a mask has become an essential defense for all frontline doctors, nurses, and healthcare professionals. Plus, the rise in demand for masks from the general public means the worldwide supply of masks is insufficient, which has led to an increase in the reuse of disposable masks. Therefore, this study compared the impact of autoclaving (steaming) and 70% ethyl alcohol treatment for decontaminating masks, as both methods can easily be used at home. The autoclaved masks showed a better filtration efficiency than the 70% ethyl alcohol-treated masks. A further investigation of 8 used KF 94 masks (filtration efficiency >94%) also showed that autoclaving for decontamination was limited to two times. Moreover, a kitchen towel mask, a popular homemade alternative, did not show sufficient filtration efficiency. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 14:45:22 | |
| Publikace | NanoImpact | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 19 | |
| Rozsah | 100231 | |
| ISSN | 2452-0748 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | NanoImpact | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100231 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HNNPAWNE | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 14:45:22 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:08:51 |
| Autor | Loïc Anderegg | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Cole Meisenhelder | |
| Autor | Oan Ngooi Chiu | |
| Autor | Lei Liao | |
| Autor | Xiao Wang | |
| Autor | Steven Chu | |
| Autor | Yi Cui | |
| Autor | John M. Doyle | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07 | |
| Abstrakt | A lack of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators (FFRs) during the COVID-19 crisis has placed healthcare workers at risk. It is important for any N95 reuse strategy to determine the effects that proposed protocols would have on the physical functioning of the mask, as well as the practical aspects of implementation. Here we propose and implement a method of heating N95 respirators with moisture (85°C, 60-85% humidity). We test both mask filtration efficiency and fit to validate this process. Our tests focus on the 3M 1860, 3M 1870, and 3M 8210 Plus N95 models. After five cycles of the heating procedure, all three respirators pass both quantitative fit testing (score of >100) and show no degradation of mask filtration efficiency. We also test the Chen Heng V9501 KN95 and HKYQ N95 finding no degradation of mask filtration efficiency, however even for unheated masks these scored <50 for every fit test. The heating method presented here is scalable from individual masks to over a thousand a day with a single industrial convection oven, making this method practical for local application inside health-care facilities. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 14:20:03 | |
| Publikace | PLoS One; San Francisco | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 15 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Práva | © 2020 Anderegg et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | Place: San Francisco, United States, San Francisco Publisher: Public Library of Science Section: Research Article | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0234851 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IHTJ9MHX | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 14:20:03 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:36:28 |
| Autor | Catherine M. Clase | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Edouard L. Fu | |
| Autor | Aurneen Ashur | |
| Autor | Rupert CL. Beale | |
| Autor | Imogen A. Clase | |
| Autor | Myrna B. Dolovich | |
| Autor | Meg J. Jardine | |
| Autor | Meera Joseph | |
| Autor | Grace Kansiime | |
| Autor | Johannes FE. Mann | |
| Autor | Roberto Pecoits-Filho | |
| Autor | Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer | |
| Autor | Juan J. Carrero | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-31 | |
| Abstrakt | We searched Medline and Embase, and used Google, including articles reporting the filtration properties of flat cloth, or cloth masks. We reviewed the reference lists of relevant articles and review articles, and identified articles the press. We found 25 articles. Study of protection for the wearer often used a manikin wearing a mask, with airflow to simulate different breathing rates. Studies of protection of the environment, also known as source control, used convenience samples of healthy volunteers. The design and execution of the studies was generally rigorously described. Many descriptions of cloth lacked the detail required for reproducibility; no study gave all the expected details of material, thread count, weave, and weight. Some of the homemade mask designs were reproducible. Successful masks were muslin at 100 threads per inch (TPI) in 3-4 layers (4-layer muslin or a muslin-flannel-muslin sandwich); tea towels (also known as dish towels), studied as one-layer, and two-layer expected to be better; and good-quality cotton T shirts in 2 layers (with a stitched edge to prevent stretching). In flat-cloth experiments, tea towel, cotton 600 TPI in two layers, and cotton 600 TPI with flannel 90 TPI, performed well, but two-layer cotton 80 TPI did not. Multiple layers should be used, at least two, and preferably three or four; however there is a trade-off in that this increases the resistance to breathing. This is not a systematic review; however, we included all the articles that we identified in an unbiased way. We did not include grey literature or preprints. | |
| Přístup | 20. 8. 2020 13:41:39 | |
| Publikace | Mayo Clinic Proceedings | |
| Krátký název | Forgotten Technology in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Filtration Properties of Cloth and Cloth Masks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0025-6196 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Mayo Clinic Proceedings | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.020 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NQK63XES | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 13:41:39 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:18 |
| Autor | Katelyn E. Zulauf | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alex B. Green | |
| Autor | Alex N. Nguyen Ba | |
| Autor | Tanush Jagdish | |
| Autor | Dvir Reif | |
| Autor | Robert Seeley | |
| Autor | Alana Dale | |
| Autor | James E. Kirby | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-30 | |
| Abstrakt | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused a severe, international shortage of N95 respirators, which are essential to protect health care providers from infection. Given the contemporary limitations of the supply chain, it is imperative to identify effective means of decontaminating, reusing, and thereby conserving N95 respirator stockpiles. To be effective, decontamination must result in sterilization of the N95 respirator without impairment of respirator filtration or user fit. Although numerous methods of N95 decontamination exist, none are universally accessible. In this work, we describe a microwave-generated steam decontamination protocol for N95 respirators for use in health care systems of all sizes, geographies, and means. Using widely available glass containers, mesh from commercial produce bags, a rubber band, and a 1,100-W commercially available microwave, we constructed an effective, standardized, and reproducible means of decontaminating N95 respirators. Employing this methodology against MS2 phage, a highly conservative surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 contamination, we report an average 6-log10 plaque-forming unit (PFU) (99.9999%) and a minimum 5-log10 PFU (99.999%) reduction after a single 3-min microwave treatment. Notably, quantified respirator fit and function were preserved, even after 20 sequential cycles of microwave steam decontamination. This method provides a valuable means of effective decontamination and reuse of N95 respirators by frontline providers facing urgent need. IMPORTANCE Due to the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is an increasing shortage of protective gear necessary to keep health care providers safe from infection. As of 9 April 2020, the CDC reported 9,282 cumulative cases of COVID-19 among U.S. health care workers (CDC COVID-19 Response Team, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69:477–481, 2020, https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e6). N95 respirators are recommended by the CDC as the ideal method of protection from COVID-19. Although N95 respirators are traditionally single use, the shortages have necessitated the need for reuse. Effective methods of N95 decontamination that do not affect the fit or filtration ability of N95 respirators are essential. Numerous methods of N95 decontamination exist; however, none are universally accessible. In this study, we describe an effective, standardized, and reproducible means of decontaminating N95 respirators using widely available materials. The N95 decontamination method described in this work will provide a valuable resource for hospitals, health care centers, and outpatient practices that are experiencing increasing shortages of N95 respirators due to the COVID-19 pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:29:59 | |
| Publikace | mBio | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2020 Zulauf et al.. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Section: Research Article PMID: 32587063 | |
| ISSN | 2150-7511 | |
| Katalog knihovny | mbio.asm.org | |
| DOI | 10.1128/mBio.00997-20 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NAW6RUS5 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:29:59 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:04:10 |
| Autor | Adam F. Parlin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Samuel M. Stratton | |
| Autor | Theresa M. Culley | |
| Autor | Patrick Anthony Guerra | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-29 | |
| Abstrakt | Background The worldwide shortage of single-use N95 respirators and surgical masks due to the COVID-19 pandemic has forced many health care personnel to prolong the use of their existing equipment as much as possible. In many cases, workers cover respirators with available masks in an attempt to extend their effectiveness against the virus. Due to low mask supplies, many people instead are using face coverings improvised from common fabrics. Our goal was to determine what fabrics would be most effective in both practices. Methods and findings We examined the hydrophobicity of fabrics (silk, cotton, polyester), as measured by their resistance to the penetration of small and aerosolized water droplets, an important transmission avenue for the virus causing COVID-19. We also examined the breathability of these fabrics and their ability to maintain hydrophobicity despite undergoing repeated cleaning. Tests were done when fabrics were fashioned as an overlaying barrier and also when constructed as do-it-yourself face coverings. As a protective barrier and face covering, silk is more effective at impeding the penetration and absorption of droplets due to its greater hydrophobicity relative to other tested fabrics. Silk face coverings repelled droplets as well as masks, but unlike masks they are hydrophobic and can be readily sterilized for immediate reuse. Conclusions Silk is an effective hydrophobic barrier to droplets, more breathable than other fabrics that trap humidity, and are readily re-useable via cleaning. Therefore, silk can serve as an effective material for protecting respirators under clinical conditions and as a material for face coverings. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 10:54:45 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2020.06.25.20136424 | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.06.25.20136424 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JCZFRHBD | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 10:54:45 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:10:38 |
| Autor | Christian J. Kähler | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rainer Hain | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Many governments have instructed the population to wear simple mouth-and-nose covers or surgical face masks to protect themselves from droplet infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in public. However, the basic protection mechanisms and benefits of these masks remain controversial. Therefore, the aim of this work is to show from a fluid physics point of view under which circumstances these masks can protect against droplet infection. First of all, we show that the masks protect people in the surrounding area quite well, since the flow resistance of the face masks effectively prevents the spread of exhaled air, e.g. when breathing, speaking, singing, coughing and sneezing. Secondly, we provide visual evidence that typical household materials used by the population to make masks do not provide highly efficient protection against respirable particles and droplets with a diameter of 0.3–2 μm as they pass through the materials largely unfiltered. According to our tests, only vacuum cleaner bags with fine dust filters show a comparable or even better filtering effect than commercial particle filtering FFP2/N95/KN95 half masks. Thirdly, we show that even simple mouth-and-nose covers made of good filter material cannot reliably protect against droplet infection in contaminated ambient air, since most of the air flows through gaps at the edge of the masks. Only a close-fitting, particle-filtering respirator offers good self-protection against droplet infection. Nevertheless, wearing simple homemade or surgical face masks in public is highly recommended if no particle filtrating respiratory mask is available. Firstly, because they protect against habitual contact of the face with the hands and thus serve as self-protection against contact infection. Secondly, because the flow resistance of the masks ensures that the air remains close to the head when breathing, speaking, singing, coughing and sneezing, thus protecting other people if they have sufficient distance from each other. However, if the distance rules cannot be observed and the risk of inhalation-based infection becomes high because many people in the vicinity are infectious and the air exchange rate is small, improved filtration efficiency masks are needed, to take full advantage of the three fundamental protective mechanisms these masks provide. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 14:46:45 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Aerosol Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 148 | |
| ISSN | 0021-8502 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Aerosol Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105617 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DTAG52Z8 | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 11:49:31 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:26 |
| Autor | Ebru Oral | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Keith K. Wannomae | |
| Autor | Rachel L. Connolly | |
| Autor | Joseph A. Gardecki | |
| Autor | Hui Min Leung | |
| Autor | Orhun K. Muratoglu | |
| Autor | John Durkin | |
| Autor | Ralph Jones | |
| Autor | Cassidy Collins | |
| Autor | Julian Gjore | |
| Autor | Amanda Budzilowicz | |
| Autor | Tareq Jaber | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-28 | |
| Abstrakt | Decontamination of N95 respirators has become critical to alleviate PPE shortages for healthcare workers in the current COVID-19 emergency. The factors that are considered for the effective reuse of these masks are the fit, filter efficiency and decontamination/disinfection level both for SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative virus for COVID-19, and for other organisms of concern in the hospital environment such as Staphylococcus aureus or Clostridium difficile. In its guidance entitled ′Recommendations for Sponsors Requesting EUAs for Decontamination and Bioburden Reduction Systems for Surgical Masks and Respirators During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) Public Health Emergency′ (May 2020)[1], the FDA recommends a 6-log10 reduction in either the most resistant bacterial spores for the system or in a mycobacterium species to authorize the use of a decontamination method of N95 respirators for single or multiple users. While the goal is primarily inactivation against SARS-CoV-2, testing of decontamination methods against the virus may not always be available. For decontamination methods considered for only single users, the recommendation is a 6-log10 reduction in the infective virus concentration of 3 non-enveloped viruses or in the concentration of two Gram (+) and two Gram (-) bacteria. Based on these recommendations, we explored the efficacy of vaporized H2O2 (VHP) treatment of N95 respirators against surrogate viruses covering a wide range of disinfection resistance for emergency decontamination and reuse to alleviate PPE shortages for healthcare workers in the COVID-19 emergency. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:25:21 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2020.06.25.20140269 | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.06.25.20140269 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VVWSS2ZZ | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:25:21 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:40 |
| Autor | Dan Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bao-Chang Sun | |
| Autor | Jie-Xin Wang | |
| Autor | Yun-Yun Zhou | |
| Autor | Zhuo-Wei Chen | |
| Autor | Yan Fang | |
| Autor | Wei-Hua Yue | |
| Autor | Si-Min Liu | |
| Autor | Ke-Yang Liu | |
| Autor | Xiao-Fei Zeng | |
| Autor | Guang-Wen Chu | |
| Autor | Jian-Feng Chen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Masks have become one of the most indispensable pieces of personal protective equipment and are important strategic products during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Due to the huge mask demand–supply gap all over the world, the development of user-friendly technologies and methods is urgently needed to effectively extend the service time of masks. In this article, we report a very simple approach for the decontamination of masks for multiple reuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. Used masks were soaked in hot water at a temperature greater than 56 °C for 30 min, based on a recommended method to kill COVID-19 virus by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. The masks were then dried using an ordinary household hair dryer to recharge the masks with electrostatic charge to recover their filtration function (the so-called “hot water decontamination + charge regeneration” method). Three kinds of typical masks (disposable medical masks, surgical masks, and KN95-grade masks) were treated and tested. The filtration efficiencies of the regenerated masks were almost maintained and met the requirements of the respective standards. These findings should have important implications for the reuse of polypropylene masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The performance evolution of masks during human wear was further studied, and a company (Zhejiang Runtu Co., Ltd.) applied this method to enable their workers to extend the use of masks. Mask use at the company was reduced from one mask per day per person to one mask every three days per person, and 122 500 masks were saved during the period from 20 February to 30 March 2020. Furthermore, a new method for detection of faulty masks based on the penetrant inspection of fluorescent nanoparticles was established, which may provide scientific guidance and technical methods for the future development of reusable masks, structural optimization, and the formulation of comprehensive performance evaluation standards. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 14:45:59 | |
| Publikace | Engineering | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 2095-8099 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Engineering | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.016 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PMIB78VI | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 13:00:48 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:41:55 |
| Autor | Ebru Oral | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Keith K. Wannomae | |
| Autor | Rachel Connolly | |
| Autor | Joseph Gardecki | |
| Autor | Hui Min Leung | |
| Autor | Orhun Muratoglu | |
| Autor | Anthony Griffiths | |
| Autor | Anna N. Honko | |
| Autor | Laura E. Avena | |
| Autor | Lindsay G. A. McKay | |
| Autor | Nick Flynn | |
| Autor | Nadia Storm | |
| Autor | Sierra N. Downs | |
| Autor | Ralph Jones | |
| Autor | Brandon Emmal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-26 | |
| Abstrakt | There are a variety of methods routinely used in the sterilization of medical devices using hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) including vaporization, plasma generation and ionization. Many of these systems are used for sterilization and are validated for bioburden reduction using bacterial spores. Here, we explored the benefits of using vaporized H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (VHP) treatment of N95 respirators for emergency decontamination and reuse to alleviate PPE shortages for healthcare workers in the COVID-19 emergency. The factors that are considered for the effective reuse of these respirators are the fit, the filter efficiency and the decontamination/disinfection level for SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative virus for COVID-19 and other organisms of concern in the hospital environment such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Clostridium difficile. WE showed that the method did not affect fit or filter efficiency at least for one cycle and resulted in a >6 log reduction in bacterial spores and >3.8 log reduction in the infectious SARS-CoV2 load on N95 respirators. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:28:33 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.11.20062026 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/77QABUUR | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:28:33 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:35 |
| Autor | Christopher D. Zangmeister | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | James G. Radney | |
| Autor | Edward P Vicenzi | |
| Autor | Jamie Lynn Weaver | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-25 | |
| Abstrakt | Filtration efficiency (FE), differential pressure (ΔP), quality factor (QF) and construction parameters were measured for 32 cloth materials (14 cotton, 1 wool, 9 synthetic, 4 synthetic blends, and 4 synthetic/cotton blends) used in cloth masks intended for protection from the SARS CoV-2 virus (diameter 100 ± 10 nm). Seven polypropylene-based fiber filter materials were also measured, including surgical masks and N95 respirators. Additional measurements were performed on both multi-layered and mixed-material samples of natural, synthetic, or natural-synthetic blends to mimic cloth mask construction methods. Materials were micro-imaged and tested against size selected NaCl aerosol with particle mobility diameters between 50 nm and 825 nm. Three of the top five best performing samples were woven 100% cotton with high to moderate yarn counts and the other two were woven synthetics of moderate yarn counts. In contrast to recently published studies, samples utilizing mixed materials did not exhibit a significant difference in the measured FE when compared to the product of the individual FE for the components. The FE and ΔP increased monotonically with the number of cloth layers for a lightweight flannel, suggesting that multi-layered cloth masks may offer increased protection from nanometer-sized aerosol with a maximum FE dictated by breathability (i.e. ΔP). | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 9:33:34 | |
| Publikace | ACS Nano | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 1936-0851 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Nano | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsnano.0c05025 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8VPJEYV4 | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 9:33:34 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:57:01 |
| Autor | Qisheng Ou | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Chenxing Pei | |
| Autor | Seong Chan Kim | |
| Autor | Elizabeth Abell | |
| Autor | David Y. H. Pui | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-24 | |
| Abstrakt | This study aims to evaluate the filtration performance of three commercially available (3M 8210 respirator, Halyard 48207 surgical mask, and 3M 1820 procedure mask) and two alternative face mask and respirator materials (Halyard H600 sterilization wrap and Cummins EX101) after selected decontamination treatments, including isopropanol (IPA) treatments (soaking or spraying), ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), and heat treatments (dry heat at 77 °C or steam heat). Both IPA soaking and spraying removed most electrostatic charges on all four electret materials (three commercial and one alternative), causing significant deterioration of filtration efficiency to unacceptable level. The other non-electret alternative material sustained its N95-grade performance after both IPA soaking and spraying treatments, demonstrating the possible application of IPA disinfection for non-electret alternative respirator/mask materials. UVGI preserved the filtration of all three commercially available respirator/mask materials after up to 10 treatments, suggesting it can be a possible decontamination method for hospital and clinic use without compromising respirator/mask performance. The considerations of the practical implementation of this method was discussed. Between the two heat treatment methods tested, dry heat showed better compatibility with electret material by sustaining both filtration efficiency and fit (tested on commercial respirator only), although adding moisture was reported in favor of virus inactivation. Heat treatment is easily accessible method for general publics to implement at home, while it is recommended to maintain the moisture level below saturation. Comparing to size-integrated method, the size-resolved fractional efficiency measurement technique, although more time consuming, proved to be a better method for evaluating respirator/mask filtration performance after decontaminations by providing more sensitive detection of performance degradation and the capability of distinguishing charge loss to other mechanisms causing efficiency deterioration. Detailed descriptions are provided in methodology part to emphasize the cares needed for an appropriate efficiency evaluation. The limited results in this study on worn masks made of alternative sterilization wrap indicated possible performance degradation of electret material caused by normal human wearing activities, suggesting the need of assessing respirator/mask decontamination strategy by testing practically worn-and-decontaminated/reused samples instead of unworn only-decontaminated counterparts. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 14:45:37 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Aerosol Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 150 | |
| ISSN | 0021-8502 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Aerosol Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105609 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/73QUK8TR | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 14:45:37 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:53:36 |
| Autor | Steven R. Lustig | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | John J. H. Biswakarma | |
| Autor | Devyesh Rana | |
| Autor | Susan H. Tilford | |
| Autor | Weike Hu | |
| Autor | Ming Su | |
| Autor | Michael S. Rosenblatt | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-23 | |
| Abstrakt | Layered systems of commonly available fabric materials can be used by the public and healthcare providers in face masks to reduce the risk of inhaling viruses with protection that is about equivalent to or better than the filtration and adsorption offered by 5-layer N95 respirators. Over 70 different common fabric combinations and masks were evaluated under steady-state, forced convection air flux with pulsed aerosols that simulate forceful respiration. The aerosols contain fluorescent virus-like nanoparticles to track transmission through materials that greatly assist the accuracy of detection, thus avoiding artifacts including pore flooding and the loss of aerosol due to evaporation and droplet breakup. Effective materials comprise both absorbent, hydrophilic layers and barrier, hydrophobic layers. Although the hydrophobic layers can adhere virus-like nanoparticles, they may also repel droplets from adjacent absorbent layers and prevent wicking transport across the fabric system. Effective designs are noted with absorbent layers comprising terry cloth towel, quilting cotton, and flannel. Effective designs are noted with barrier layers comprising nonwoven polypropylene, polyester, and polyaramid. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 12:50:14 | |
| Publikace | ACS Nano | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 7651-7658 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 1936-0851 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Nano | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsnano.0c03972 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K85VGFIM | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 12:50:14 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:50:46 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-28
| Autor | Abrar A. Chughtai | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Holly Seale | |
| Autor | C. Raina Macintyre | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Cloth masks have been used in healthcare and community settings to protect the wearer from respiratory infections. The use of cloth masks during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is under debate. The filtration effectiveness of cloth masks is generally lower than that of medical masks and respirators; however, cloth masks may provide some protection if well designed and used correctly. Multilayer cloth masks, designed to fit around the face and made of water-resistant fabric with a high number of threads and finer weave, may provide reasonable protection. Until a cloth mask design is proven to be equally effective as a medical or N95 mask, wearing cloth masks should not be mandated for healthcare workers. In community settings, however, cloth masks may be used to prevent community spread of infections by sick or asymptomatically infected persons, and the public should be educated about their correct use. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 15:17:42 | |
| Publikace | Emerging Infectious Diseases | |
| Ročník | 26 | |
| Číslo | 10 | |
| ISSN | 1080-6059 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Emerg. Infect. Dis. | |
| DOI | 10.3201/eid2610.200948 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/28YRRLPK | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 15:16:31 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:50:41 |
| Autor | Eugenia O'Kelly | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sophia Pirog | |
| Autor | James Ward | |
| Autor | P. John Clarkson | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-20 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives: We examined the ability of fabrics which might be used to create homemade face masks to filter out ultrafine (0.1μm and smaller in diameter) particles at the velocity of adult human coughing. Method: Twenty commonly available fabrics and materials were evaluated for their ability to reduce air concentrations of ultrafine particles at a face velocity of 16.5 m/s. Further assessment was made on the filtration ability of select fabrics while damp and of fabric combinations which might be used to construct homemade masks. Results: Single fabric layers blocked a range of ultrafine particles. When fabrics were layered, significantly more ultrafine particles were filtered. Nonwoven fusible interfacing significantly increased filtration. Conclusions: The current coronavirus pandemic has left many communities without access N95 facemasks. Our findings suggest that face masks made from layered common fabric can help filter ultrafine particles and provide some protection for the wearer when commercial facemasks are unavailable. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 9:04:43 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.14.20065375 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NHXW3MLQ | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 8:34:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:37:27 |
| Autor | Vikram Saini | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kriti Sikri | |
| Autor | Sakshi Dhingra Batra | |
| Autor | Priya Kalra | |
| Autor | Kamini Gautam | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-19 | |
| Abstrakt | Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is required to safely work with biological agents of bacterial (i.e. Mycobacterium tuberculosis) or viral origin (Ebola and SARS). COVID-19 pandemic especially has created unforeseen public health challenges including a global shortage of PPE needed for the safety of health care workers (HCWs). Although sufficient stocks of PPE are currently available, their critical shortage may develop soon due to increase in demand and depletion of existing supply lines. To empower our HCWs and ensure their continued protection, proactive measures are urgently required to develop procedures to safely decontaminate the PPEs to allow their “selective reuse” during contingency situations. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 15:01:33 | |
| Publikace | Gut Pathogens | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 29 | |
| ISSN | 1757-4749 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Gut Pathog | |
| DOI | 10.1186/s13099-020-00367-4 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3AW65KUY | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 15:01:33 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:49:43 |
| Autor | Sana Ullah | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Azeem Ullah | |
| Autor | Jaeyun Lee | |
| Autor | Yeonsu Jeong | |
| Autor | Motahira Hashmi | |
| Autor | Chunhong Zhu | |
| Autor | Kye Il Joo | |
| Autor | Hyung Joon Cha | |
| Autor | Ick Soo Kim | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-12 | |
| Abstrakt | Shortage of face masks is a current critical concern since the emergence of coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). In this work, we compared the melt-blown (MB) filter, which is commonly used for the N95 face mask, with nanofiber (NF) filter, which is gradually used as an effective mask filter, to evaluate their reusability. Extensive characterizations were performed repeatedly to evaluate some performance parameters, which include filtration efficiency, airflow rate, and surface and morphological properties, after two types of cleaning treatments. In the first cleaning type, samples were dipped in 75% ethanol for a predetermined duration. In the second cleaning type, 75% ethanol was sprayed on samples. It was found that filtration efficiency of MB filter was significantly dropped after treatment with ethanol, while the NF filter exhibited consistent high filtration efficiency regardless of cleaning types. In addition, the NF filter showed better cytocompatibility than the MB filter, demonstrating its harmlessness on the human body. Regardless of ethanol treatments, surfaces of both filter types maintained hydrophobicity, which can sufficiently prevent wetting by moisture and saliva splash to prohibit not only pathogen transmission but also bacterial growth inside. On the basis of these comparative evaluations, the wider use of the NF filter for face mask applications is highly recommended, and it can be reused multiple times with robust filtration efficiency. It would be greatly helpful to solve the current shortage issue of face masks and significantly improve safety for front line fighters against coronavirus disease. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 8:58:40 | |
| Publikace | ACS Applied Nano Materials | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Appl. Nano Mater. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsanm.0c01562 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/V36I8FRI | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 8:58:40 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:09:23 |
| Autor | Cristina Balagna | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sergio Perero | |
| Autor | Elena Percivalle | |
| Autor | Edoardo Vecchio Nepita | |
| Autor | Monica Ferraris | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-06 | |
| Abstrakt | During the current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the new Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the confinement measures slowed down the contagion, but did not completely avoid the disease diffusion for health workers, patients and the remaining population. The individual protection equipment (e.g. facial masks), filters for air conditioning systems and for medical respiratory devices do not possess an intrinsic antimicrobial/virucidal action and they are susceptible to microbial/viral colonization. An efficient antimicrobial/virucidal technology on air filtering media is crucial for maintaining a safe air environment and protecting people, in particular when lockdown is eased. This short communication reports about the virucidal effect, preliminary verified towards Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, of a silver nanocluster/silica composite sputtered coating, directly applicated on a FFP3 mask. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 13:36:23 | |
| Publikace | Open Ceramics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 100006 | |
| ISSN | 2666-5395 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Open Ceramics | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.oceram.2020.100006 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LJFYUM3G | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 9:09:36 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:47 |
| Autor | Amit Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | D. N. Saneetha | |
| Autor | Ramani Yuvaraj | |
| Autor | M. Menaka | |
| Autor | V. Subramanian | |
| Autor | B. Venkatraman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Three types of respiratory masks viz N95, non-woven fabric and double layer cotton cloth are being used as an essential inhalation protective measure against COVID-19 by suppressing the entry of respiratory droplets. The filtering efficiency of these masks were tested before and after sterilisation using gamma radiation for the two flow rate conditions corresponding normal breath rate (20lpm) and during sneezing/coughing (90lpm).Sterilisation is carried out using a gamma irradiator containing Co-60 source for the two dose exposures viz. 15kGy and 25kGy. The filtering efficiency for surgical (non-woven fabric) and double layer cotton cloth mask is found to vary from 18% to 22% for the cumulative particle of size ≥ 0.3 micron in both un-irradiated and irradiated condition. The filtration efficiency of N95 mask is found to be reduced to 70% for the most penetrating particle size (0.3 micron) with the flow rate of 20lpm and further reduced for particles in the range of 0.1 and 0.2 micron with flow rate of 90 lpm. The reduction in efficiency after gamma sterilization is associated with reduction of electrostatic interaction of filter medium with particles laden in the air stream. Even with reduced filtering efficiency due to gamma sterilisation, the N95 masks are much superior than the surgical and cloth masks. Instead of disposing N95 mask after single use, they can be reused a few times as N70 mask during this pandemic crisis after sterilisation using gamma radiation. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 9:33:49 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.06.04.20121830 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LU44SJUA | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 9:33:49 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:50:20 |
| Autor | Mathew C. Celina | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Estevan Martinez | |
| Autor | Michael A. Omana | |
| Autor | Andres Sanchez | |
| Autor | Dora Wiemann | |
| Autor | Matthew Tezak | |
| Autor | Tim R. Dargaville | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-04 | |
| Abstrakt | The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in globally constrained supplies for face masks and personal protective equipment (PPE). Production capacity is limited in many countries and the future course of the pandemic will likely continue with shortages for high quality masks and PPE in the foreseeable future. Hence, expectations are that mask reuse, extended wear and similar approaches will enhance the availability of personal protective measures. Repeated thermal disinfection could be an important option and likely easier implemented in some situations, at least on the small scale, than UV illumination, irradiation or hydrogen peroxide vapor exposure. An overview on thermal responses and ongoing filtration performance of multiple face mask types is provided. Most masks have adequate material properties to survive a few cycles (i.e. 30 min disinfection steps) of thermal exposure in the 75°C regime. Some are more easily affected, as seen by the fusing of plastic liner or warping, given that preferred conditioning temperatures are near the softening point for some of the plastics and fibers used in these masks. Hence adequate temperature control is equally important. As guidance, disinfectants sprayed via dilute solutions maintain a surface presence over extended time at 25 and 37°C. Some spray-on alcohol-based solutions containing disinfectants were gently applied to the top surface of masks. Neither moderate thermal aging (less than 24 h at 80 and 95°C) nor gentle application of surface disinfectant sprays resulted in measurable loss of mask filter performance. Subject to bio-medical concurrence (additional checks for virus kill efficiency) and the use of low risk non-toxic disinfectants, such strategies, either individually or combined, by offering additional anti-viral properties or short term refreshing, may complement reuse options of professional masks or the now ubiquitous custom-made face masks with their often unknown filtration effectiveness. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 14:45:08 | |
| Publikace | Polymer Degradation and Stability | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 179 | |
| Rozsah | 109251 | |
| ISSN | 0141-3910 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Polymer Degradation and Stability | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109251 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IHEUNEH6 | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 14:45:08 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:54:27 |
| Autor | Yuyao Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Leitao Cao | |
| Autor | Xia Yin | |
| Autor | Yang Si | |
| Autor | Jianyong Yu | |
| Autor | Bin Ding | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Frequent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) make personal protective filter media in high demand. Electrospun nanofibrous materials are proved to be very effective in resisting virus-containing fine particles owing to their small fiber diameters; however, hindered by the intrinsic close-packing character of fine fibers, electrospun filters suffer from a relatively high air resistance, thereby poor breathing comfort. Here, we report a biomimetic and one-step strategy to create ultrafine and curly wool-like nanofibers, named nano-wool, which exhibit fluffy assembly architecture and powerful electret effect. By achieving the online self-crimp and in-situ charging of nanofibers, the curly electret nano-wool shows a small diameter of ~0.6 μm (two orders of magnitude lower than natural wool: ~20 μm) and an ultrahigh porosity of 98.7% simultaneously, together with an ultrahigh surface potential of 13260 V (one order of magnitude higher than previous filters). The structural advantages and powerful electret effect enable nano-wool to show excellent filtration efficacy (>99.995% for PM0.3) and low air resistance (55 Pa). Additionally, nano-wool can be easily scaled up, not only holding great industrial prospect in personal protective respirators, but also paving the way for developing next-generation wool in a cost-efficient and multifunctional form. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 14:44:57 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Colloid and Interface Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 578 | |
| Rozsah | 565-573 | |
| ISSN | 0021-9797 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Colloid and Interface Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.123 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8SU7C8GE | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 14:44:57 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:02 |
| Autor | Yejian Chen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Meng Dong | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-03 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can be transmitted via respiratory secretions. Since there are currently no specific therapeutics or vaccines available against the SARS-CoV-2, the commen nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are still the main measures to curb the COVID-19 epidemic. Face mask wearing is one important measure to suppress the pandemic. In order to know how efficient is face mask wearing in reducing the pandemic even with low efficiency non-professional face masks, we exploit physical abstraction to model the non-professional face masks made from cotton woven fabrics and characterize them by a parameter virus penetration rate (VPR)γ. Monte Carlo simulations exhibit that the effective reproduction number R of COVID-19 or similar pandemics can be approximately reduced by factor γ<sup>4</sup> with respect to the basic reproduction number R0,if the face masks with 70% <γ< 90% are universally applied for the entire network. Furthermore, thought experiments and practical exploitation examples in country-level and city-level are enumerated and discussed to support our discovery in this study and indicate that the outbreak of a COVID-19 like pandemic can be even suppressed by the low efficiency non-professional face masks. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 15:02:48 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.05.31.20117986 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CJYC4BMB | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 15:02:48 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:59:20 |
| Autor | Donal Sheets | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jamie Shaw | |
| Autor | Michael Baldwin | |
| Autor | David Daggett | |
| Autor | Ibrahim Elali | |
| Autor | Erin Curry | |
| Autor | Ilya Sochnikov | |
| Autor | Jason N. Hancock | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-03 | |
| Abstrakt | At the front lines of the world's response to the COVID-19 pandemic are hero-clinicians facing a lack of critical supplies including protective medical grade breathing masks and filtering materials. At the same time, the general public is now being advised to wear masks to help stop the spread. As a result, in the absence of centrally coordinated production and distribution efforts, supply chains for masks, respirators, and materials for advanced filtration technology are immensely burdened. Here we describe experimental efforts to nondestructively quantify three vital characteristics of mask approaches: breathability, material filtration effectiveness, and sensitivity to fit. We focus on protection against water aerosols $>$0.3$\mu$m using off-the-shelf particulate, flow, and pressure sensors, permitting rapid comparative evaluation of these three properties. We present and discuss both the pressure drop and the particle transmission as a function of flow to permit comparison of relative protection for a set of proposed filter and mask designs. The design considerations of the testing apparatus can be reproduced by university laboratories and medical facilities and used for rapid local quality control of respirator masks which are of uncertified origin, monitoring the long-term effects of various disinfection schemes, and evaluating improvised products not designed or marketed for filtration. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 16:39:23 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.02470 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2006.02470 [physics] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2006.02470 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/R7C5ZFQY | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 16:39:23 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:24 |
Comment: submitted, May 2020
Comment: submitted, May 2020
| Autor | Mervin Zhao | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Lei Liao | |
| Autor | Wang Xiao | |
| Autor | Xuanze Yu | |
| Autor | Haotian Wang | |
| Autor | Qiqi Wang | |
| Autor | Ying Ling Lin | |
| Autor | F. Selcen Kilinc-Balci | |
| Autor | Amy Price | |
| Autor | Larry Chu | |
| Autor | May C. Chu | |
| Autor | Steven Chu | |
| Autor | Yi Cui | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-02 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic is currently causing a severe disruption and shortage in the global supply chain of necessary personal protective equipment (e.g., N95 respirators). The U.S. CDC has recommended use of household cloth by the general public to make cloth face coverings as a method of source control. We evaluated the filtration properties of natural and synthetic materials using a modified procedure for N95 respirator approval. Common fabrics of cotton, polyester, nylon, and silk had filtration efficiency of 5–25%, polypropylene spunbond had filtration efficiency 6–10%, and paper-based products had filtration efficiency of 10–20%. An advantage of polypropylene spunbond is that it can be simply triboelectrically charged to enhance the filtration efficiency (from 6 to >10%) without any increase in pressure (stable overnight and in humid environments). Using the filtration quality factor, fabric microstructure, and charging ability, we are able to provide an assessment of suggested fabric materials for homemade facial coverings. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 9:26:08 | |
| Publikace | Nano Letters | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 1530-6984 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Nano Lett. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02211 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9QDZQZB7 | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 9:26:08 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:59:05 |
| Autor | Siddhartha Verma | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Manhar Dhanak | |
| Autor | John Frankenfield | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The use of face masks in public settings has been widely recommended by public health officials during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The masks help mitigate the risk of cross-infection via respiratory droplets; however, there are no specific guidelines on mask materials and designs that are most effective in minimizing droplet dispersal. While there have been prior studies on the performance of medical-grade masks, there are insufficient data on cloth-based coverings, which are being used by a vast majority of the general public. We use qualitative visualizations of emulated coughs and sneezes to examine how material- and design-choices impact the extent to which droplet-laden respiratory jets are blocked. Loosely folded face masks and bandana-style coverings provide minimal stopping-capability for the smallest aerosolized respiratory droplets. Well-fitted homemade masks with multiple layers of quilting fabric, and off-the-shelf cone style masks, proved to be the most effective in reducing droplet dispersal. These masks were able to curtail the speed and range of the respiratory jets significantly, albeit with some leakage through the mask material and from small gaps along the edges. Importantly, uncovered emulated coughs were able to travel notably farther than the currently recommended 6-ft distancing guideline. We outline the procedure for setting up simple visualization experiments using easily available materials, which may help healthcare professionals, medical researchers, and manufacturers in assessing the effectiveness of face masks and other personal protective equipment qualitatively. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 14:34:26 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Ročník | 32 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 061708 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Physics of Fluids | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0016018 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TXWTTV6S | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 14:34:26 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:55 |
| Autor | Andrea D'Anna | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Francesco Di Natale | |
| Autor | Gianluigi De Falco | |
| Autor | Ernesto Di Maio | |
| Autor | Daniele Tammaro | |
| Autor | Fabiana Quaglia | |
| Autor | Francesca Ungaro | |
| Autor | Chiara Cassiano | |
| Autor | Paola Salvatore | |
| Autor | Roberta Colicchio | |
| Autor | Elena Scaglione | |
| Autor | Chiara Pagliuca | |
| Autor | Luca Fontana | |
| Autor | Ivo Iavicoli | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06 | |
| Abstrakt | During COVID-19 pandemic crisis, Italian Government has approved Law Decree no. 18 of 17 march 2020, in which art. 15 allows enterprises to produce, import and commercialize surgical masks notwithstanding the current rules of product certification. It is just required that the interested enterprises send to the Italian National Institute of Health a selfcertification in which they declare the technical characteristics of the masks and that masks are produced according to the safety requirements. In this context, a technical-scientific unit was established at the University of Napoli Federico II to provide interested enterprises with state-of-the-art consultancy, testing and measurement services, adhering to rigorous scientific protocols. Characterization tests were carried out on 163 surgical masks and/or materials for their construction and they have enabled the identification of pre-screening criteria to simplify the procedure for evaluating surgical masks using methods for assessing the filtration efficiency of particles and aerosols. Based on experimental results, it has been observed that a filtration efficiency for particles with sizes larger that 650 nm (PFE>650) exceeding 35% might guarantees a bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) higher than 95% while BFE values higher than 98% are obtained when the PFE>650 is larger than 40%. PFE measurement is extremely simpler with respect to BFE, the latter being time-consuming and requiring specific equipment and methods for its realization. Many tested materials have shown the capability to assure high filtration efficiencies but Spundonded-Meltblown-Spunbonded (SMS), that are layers of non-woven fabric with different weights of Meltblown, can simultaneously guarantee high particle filtration efficiencies with pressure drop values (breathability) in the limits to classify the surgical masks as Type II/IIR. In fact, the fabric products analyzed so far have not been able to simultaneously guarantee adequate BFE and breathability values. On the contrary, Spunbonds of adequate weights can virtually verify both requirements and accredit themselves as possible materials for the production of surgical masks, at least of Type I. Further studies are needed to verify the possibility of producing low-cost, reusable surgical masks that could meet the criteria of circular economy. | |
| URL | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32614536/ | |
| Publikace | Giornale Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia | |
| Krátký název | [Validation of surgical masks during COVID19 emergency | |
| Jazyk | ita | |
| Ročník | 42 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 73-81 | |
| Extra | PMID: 32614536 | |
| ISSN | 1592-7830 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | G Ital Med Lav Ergon | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/24GC75N8 | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 15:49:53 | |
| Upraveno | 27. 7. 2020 15:51:04 |
| Autor | Qing-Xia Ma | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shan Hu | |
| Autor | Hong-Liang Zhang | |
| Autor | Gui-Mei Li | |
| Autor | Rui-Mei Yang | |
| Autor | Ji-Ming Chen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-31 | |
| Abstrakt | The surge of patients in the pandemic of COVID‐19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 may overwhelm the medical systems of many countries. Mask‐wearing and handwashing can slow the spread of the virus, but currently, masks are in shortage in many countries, and timely handwashing is often impossible. In this study, the efficacy of three types of masks and instant hand wiping was evaluated using the avian influenza virus to mock the coronavirus. Virus quantification was performed using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Previous studies on mask‐wearing were reviewed. The results showed that instant hand wiping using a wet towel soaked in water containing 1.00% soap powder, 0.05% active chlorine, or 0.25% active chlorine from sodium hypochlorite removed 98.36%, 96.62%, and 99.98% of the virus from hands, respectively. N95 masks, medical masks, and homemade masks made of four‐layer kitchen paper and one‐layer cloth could block 99.98%, 97.14%, and 95.15% of the virus in aerosols. Medical mask‐wearing which was supported by many studies was opposed by other studies possibly due to erroneous judgment. With these data, we propose the approach of mask‐wearing plus instant hand hygiene (MIH) to slow the exponential spread of the virus. This MIH approach has been supported by the experiences of seven countries in fighting against COVID‐19. Collectively, a simple approach to slow the exponential spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 was proposed with the support of experiments, literature review, and control experiences. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:25:08 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Medical Virology; Hoboken | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Práva | © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken, United States, Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| ISSN | 1096-9071 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1002/jmv.25805 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/63BM3GFW | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:25:08 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:35:12 |
| Autor | Yi Xiang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Qifa Song | |
| Autor | Wenzhen Gu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-30 | |
| Abstrakt | Background The need for protective masks greatly exceeds their global supply during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We optimized the temperature used in the dry heat pasteurization method to destroy pathogens and decontaminate masks while retaining their filtering capacity. Results The current study showed that dry heat at both 60°C and 70°C for 1 hour could successfully kill 6 species of respiratory bacteria and one fungi species, and inactivate the H1N1 indicator virus. After being heated at 70°C for 1, 2, and 3 hours, the N95 respirators and surgical face masks showed no changes in their shape and components. The filtering efficiency of bacterial aerosol for N95 respirators were 98%, 98%, and 97% after being heated for 1, 2, and 3 hour, respectively, all of which were over the 95% efficiency required and similar to the value before being heated (99%). The filtering efficiency for surgical face masks was 97%, 97%, and 96% for 1, 2, and 3 hours of heating, respectively, all of which were also similar to the value before being heated (97%). Conclusions This method can be used at home and can significantly resolve the current shortage of masks. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 9:38:43 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0196-6553 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.05.026 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QBUQ3FAP | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 9:38:43 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:58:02 |
| Autor | Oisik Das | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany | |
| Autor | Antonio Jose Capezza | |
| Autor | Mikael S. Hedenqvist | |
| Autor | Michael Försth | |
| Autor | Qiang Xu | |
| Autor | Lin Jiang | |
| Autor | Dongxiao Ji | |
| Autor | Seeram Ramakrishna | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-22 | |
| Abstrakt | The onset of coronavirus pandemic has sparked a shortage of facemasks in almost all nations. Without this personal protective equipment, healthcare providers, essential workers, and the general public are exposed to the risk of infection. In light of the aforementioned, it is critical to balance the supply and demand for masks. COVID-19 will also ensure that masks are always considered as an essential commodity in future pandemic preparedness. Moreover, billions of facemasks are produced from petrochemicals derived raw materials, which are non-degradable upon disposal after their single use, thus causing environmental pollution and damage. The sustainable way forward is to utilise raw materials that are side-stream products of local industries to develop facemasks having equal or better efficiency than the conventional ones. In this regard, wheat gluten biopolymer, which is a by-product or co-product of cereal industries, can be electrospun into nanofibre membranes and subsequently carbonised at over 700 °C to form a network structure, which can simultaneously act as the filter media and reinforcement for gluten-based masks. In parallel, the same gluten material can be processed into cohesive thin films using plasticiser and hot press. Additionally, lanosol, a naturally-occurring substance, imparts fire (V-0 rating in vertical burn test), and microbe resistance in gluten plastics. Thus, thin films of flexible gluten with very low amounts of lanosol (<10 wt%) can be bonded together with the carbonised mat and shaped by thermoforming to create the facemasks. The carbon mat acting as the filter can be attached to the masks through adapters that can also be made from injection moulded gluten. The creation of these masks could simultaneously be effective in reducing the transmittance of infectious diseases and pave the way for environmentally benign sustainable products. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 9:46:48 | |
| Publikace | Science of The Total Environment | |
| Krátký název | The need for fully bio-based facemasks to counter coronavirus outbreaks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 736 | |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Science of The Total Environment | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139611 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VRXEXG4C | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 9:46:48 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:14:03 |
| Autor | Peter Tsai | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-21 | |
| Abstrakt | Meltblown (MB) microfiber fabrics after electrostatically charging are used as the filtering piece in medical masks and N95 respirators. Using this material, the required filtration efficiencies (FE) of bacteria, virus, and submicron particles are satisfactorily met mainly by the electrostatic attraction of the particles on the fiber surface by the charges embedded in the fibers at a low pressure drop (DP) with high breathability across the mask. The masks are initially manufactured for a disposable one-time use. However, if there is a shortage, inactivation of the virus on the contaminated masks to reuse is possible. Several inactivation methods are discussed in this article in terms of their efficacy to kill the virus and the integrity of the mask in terms of loss of FE and the deformation of the respirators. In this paper, SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 are used interchangeably. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:27:36 | |
| Publikace | Engineered Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | Volume 10 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 1-7 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Engineered Science Publisher | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.espublisher.com | |
| DOI | 10.30919/es8d1110 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UNQJ7R99 | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 9:27:03 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:06:15 |
| Autor | Kin-Fai Ho | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Lian-Yu Lin | |
| Autor | Shao-Ping Weng | |
| Autor | Kai-Jen Chuang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-18 | |
| Abstrakt | The objective of this study was to investigate whether cotton mask worn by respiratory infection person could suppress respiratory droplet levels compared to medical mask. We recruited adult volunteers with confirmed influenza and suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to wear medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in a regular bedroom and a car with air conditioning. Four 1-hour repeated measurements (two measurements for bedroom the others for car) of particles with a size range of 20–1000 nm measured by number concentrations (NC0.02–1), temperature and relatively humidity, and cough/sneeze counts per hour were conducted for each volunteer. The paired t-tests were used for within-group comparisons in a bedroom and in a car. The results showed that there was no significant difference in NC0.02–1 or cough/sneeze counts between volunteers with medical masks and cotton masks in a bedroom or a car. We concluded that the cotton mask could be a potential substitute for medical mask for respiratory infection person in microenvironment with air conditioning. Healthy people may daily use cotton mask in the community since cotton mask is washable and reusable. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 9:19:21 | |
| Publikace | Science of The Total Environment | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 735 | |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Science of The Total Environment | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139510 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N5WH37KN | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 9:19:21 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:03:17 |
| Autor | Barnali Ghatak | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sanjoy Banerjee | |
| Autor | Sk Babar Ali | |
| Autor | Rajib Bandyopadhyay | |
| Autor | Nityananda Das | |
| Autor | Dipankar Mandal | |
| Autor | Bipan Tudu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-17 | |
| Abstrakt | Usage of a face mask has become mandatory in many countries after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, and its usefulness in combating the pandemic is a proven fact. There have been many advancements in the design of a face mask and the present treatise describes a face mask in which a simple textile triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) serves the purpose of filtration of SARS-CoV-2. The proposed mask is designed with multilayer protection sheets, in which the first two layers act as triboelectric (TE) filter and the outer one is a smart filter. The conjugated effect of contact electrification, and electrostatic induction of the proposed smart mask are effective in inactivating the span of virus-ladden aerosols in a bidirectional way. Five pairs of triboseries fabrics i.e. nylon - polyester, cotton - polyester, poly(methyl methacrylate) - PVDF, lylon - PVDF and polypropylene - polyester have been optimized in this study in terms of their effective tribo-electric charge densities as 83.13, 211.48, 38.62, 69 and 74.25 nC/m2, respectively. This smart mask can be used by a wide range of people because of its simple mechanism, self-driven (harvesting mechanical energy from daily activities, e.g. breathing, talking, or other facial movements functionalities, and effective filtration efficiency and thus, it is expected to be potentially beneficial to slow down the devastating impact of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 9:15:26 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08305 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2005.08305 [physics] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2005.08305 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/GRAIZSG4 | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 9:15:26 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:24 |
Comment: No comments
| Autor | Zarir F. Udwadia | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Reyma Sara Raju | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-16 | |
| Abstrakt | The present COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the airborne SARS-CoV-2 virus, has highlighted the vital importance of appropriate personal protective equipment for all exposed health care workers. The single most important part of this armor is the N-95 mask. With the awareness that the virus is spread by both droplets and through the aerosolized route, the N-95 provides protection that a surgical mask cannot match. This timely review looks at the special advantages that an N-95 offers over a surgical mask with specific reference to the COVID-19 epidemic. It also emphasizes the crucial importance of ensuring quality masks with a proper fit. Finally, with acute scarcities of N-95 masks being reported from hospitals globally, it reviews recent literature which attempts to prolong the life of these masks with extended use, reuse and decontamination of used masks. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 14:50:11 | |
| Publikace | Lung India : Official Organ of Indian Chest Society | |
| Krátký název | The N-95 mask | |
| Ročník | 37 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 323-328 | |
| Extra | PMID: 32643641 PMCID: PMC7507920 | |
| ISSN | 0970-2113 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed Central | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Lung India | |
| DOI | 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_339_20 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/G4DIU85Z | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 14:50:11 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:13:58 |
| Autor | Abhishek Sen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dolly Khona | |
| Autor | Subhadip Ghatak | |
| Autor | Vinoj Gopalakrishnan | |
| Autor | Kenneth Cornetta | |
| Autor | Sashwati Roy | |
| Autor | Savita Khanna | |
| Autor | Chandan Sen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus with intact infectivity attached to PPE surfaces pose significant threat to the spread of COVID-19. We tested the hypothesis that an electroceutical fabric, generating weak potential difference of 0.5V, disrupts the infectivity of coronavirus upon contact by destabilizing the electrokinetic properties of the virion. Respiratory coronavirus particles (105) were placed in direct contact with the fabric for 1 or 5 minutes. Viral particles (2.5-4x104) were recovered from the fabric. Following one minute of contact, zeta potential of the coronavirus was significantly lowered indicating destabilization of its electrokinetic properties. Size-distribution plot showed appearance of aggregation of the virus. Testing of the cytopathic effects of the virus showed eradication of infectivity as quantitatively assessed by PI-calcein and MTT cell viability tests. This work provides the rationale to consider the studied electroceutical fabric, or other materials with comparable property, as material of choice for the development of PPE in the fight against COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 7:54:46 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: ChemRxiv | |
| Katalog knihovny | chemrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.26434/chemrxiv.12307214.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/I3GPMCWD | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 7:54:46 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:53:06 |
| Autor | Angeli Eloise Torres | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alexis B. Lyons | |
| Autor | Shanthi Narla | |
| Autor | Indermeet Kohli | |
| Autor | Angela Parks-Miller | |
| Autor | David Ozog | |
| Autor | Iltefat H. Hamzavi | |
| Autor | Henry W. Lim | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-15 | |
| Abstrakt | During global health emergencies such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, the decontamination of single-use personal protective equipment (PPE) becomes a necessary means to keep up with the growing demand from healthcare workers and patients alike. Many unverified methods are being considered, which can pose the risk of incomplete decontamination and lead to catastrophic results. Several factors come into play when determining the suitability of such methods including the quality of the decontamination technique, the targeted pathogen, cost, ease of installation and use, rate of sterilization, and the surface or material to be sterilized. The germicidal properties of ultraviolet-C are well known. This review will cover the most commonly described methods for the sterilization of N95 respirators, namely, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, hydrogen peroxide vaporization, microwave-generated steaming, and dry heating. These techniques have been tested previously and have demonstrated efficacy in reducing or inactivating viral and bacterial pathogens, although testing against SARS-CoV-2 specifically has not been done. Moreover, it must be emphasized that proper disposal after a single use is still ideal under normal circumstances. | |
| Publikace | Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences: Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology | |
| Jazyk | eng | |
| Extra | PMID: 32412033 | |
| ISSN | 1474-9092 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Photochem Photobiol Sci | |
| DOI | 10.1039/d0pp00131g | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Q36AAX4R | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:24:46 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:15:11 |
| Autor | Juan Carlos Rubio-Romero | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | María del Carmen Pardo-Ferreira | |
| Autor | Juan Antonio Torrecilla García | |
| Autor | Santiago Calero-Castro | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-13 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic is posing a huge global health threat. To deal with this problem, in addition to research and work in the medical field, the main health measures being taken in the workplace and at home involve the establishment of safety protocols, which include distance measures, hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment, such as masks, etc. The WHO still does not recommend the use of masks for the general population. However, their successful use in China, South Korea and the Czech Republic has encouraged their widespread use, and the shortage that already existed. This has caused that companies and individuals are looking at the best way to reuse them, and to manufacture, homemade or not, of non-certified masks. This paper is based on two objectives: to consult the scientific literature to identify the main strategies for disinfecting them, and to determine the effectiveness of non-certified disposable masks. A rapid review has been conducted in which the main publications and other information available online have been analyzed. Results showed that the most promising methods are those that use hydrogen peroxide vapor, ultraviolet radiation, moist heat, dry heat and ozone gas. Soapy water, alcohol, bleach immersion, ethylene oxide, ionizing radiation, microwave, high temperature, autoclave or steam are not fully recommended. Regarding the effectiveness of surgical masks compared to PPE, the former have been seen to be slightly less effective than PPE. As for other types of masks the effectiveness of homemade or non-certified masks is very low. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 14:22:35 | |
| Publikace | Safety Science | |
| Krátký název | Disposable masks | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0925-7535 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Safety Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104830 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TUGTT4QQ | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 14:22:35 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:50:06 |
| Autor | Maryam Amour | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hussein H. Mwanga | |
| Autor | George M. Bwire | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-13 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be transmitted between people through respiratory droplets (droplet particles are >5-10 μm in diameter). We conducted an invitro experiment to determine the filtration efficiency for selected face masks (cloth and medical face masks and N95 respirators) to bacteria with a size (0.5-1.5 μm in diameter) smaller than SARS-CoV-2 respiratory droplet. Bacteria suspension was prepared using normal saline (NaCl) and bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and maintained at a turbidity of 0.5 MacFarland. The suspensions was put in a 100ml plastic spray bottle (with an approximated 250 μl and flow rate of 31.5 ft3/min per spray) and then a single spray was performed to the test masks. Swabbing was done to unsprayed side of the test mask within 0 and after 4 hrs. The swab was streaked on CLED media then incubated for 48 hours at 37oC in ambient air. Bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) was determined as the proportions of colony forming units (CFUs) between the test and control mask. The selected face masks had BFE of 100% and >99% for medical and double layer cotton cloth masks, respectively. This study supports the use of cotton cloth (at least double layer) face coverings in public settings where other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain to prevent the spread of infection from the wearer. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 7:53:36 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.researchsquare.com | |
| DOI | 10.21203/rs.3.rs-28705/v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/L2LZAML3 | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 7:53:36 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:00:46 |
| Autor | Douglas J Perkins | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Steven Villescas | |
| Autor | Terry H Wu | |
| Autor | Timothy Muller | |
| Autor | Steven Bradfute | |
| Autor | Ivy Hurwitz | |
| Autor | Qiuying Cheng | |
| Autor | Hannah Wilcox | |
| Autor | Myissa Weiss | |
| Autor | Chris Bartlett | |
| Autor | Jens Langsjoen | |
| Autor | Phil Seidenberg | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-12 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified as a cluster of respiratory illness in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, and has rapidly spread across the globe to greater than 200 countries. Healthcare providers are at an increased risk for contracting the disease due to occupational exposure and require appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including N95 respirators. The rapid worldwide spread of high numbers of COVID-19 cases has facilitated the need for a substantial supply of PPE that is largely unavailable in many settings, thereby creating critical shortages. Creative solutions for the decontamination and safe reuse of PPE to protect our frontline healthcare personnel are essential. Here, we describe the development of a process that began in late February 2020 for selecting and implementing the use of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) as viable method to reprocess N95 respirators. Since pre-existing HPV decontamination chambers were not available, we optimized the sterilization process in an operating room after experiencing initial challenges in other environments. Details are provided about the prioritization and implementation of processes for collection and storage, pre-processing, HPV decontamination, and post-processing of filtering facepiece respirators. Important lessons learned from this experience include, developing an adequate reserve of PPE for effective reprocessing and distribution, and identifying a suitable location with optimal environmental controls (i.e. operating room). Collectively, information presented here provides a framework for other institutions considering decontamination procedures for N95 respirators. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:46:15 | |
| Publikace | Experimental Biology and Medicine | |
| Krátký název | COVID-19 global pandemic planning | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications | |
| ISSN | 1535-3702 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Exp Biol Med (Maywood) | |
| DOI | 10.1177/1535370220925768 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZT8GX93M | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:46:15 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:44:14 |
| Autor | Dijia Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yanjun You | |
| Autor | Xiaoli Zhou | |
| Autor | Zhiyong Zong | |
| Autor | Hao Huang | |
| Autor | Hui Zhang | |
| Autor | Xin Yong | |
| Autor | Yifan Cheng | |
| Autor | Liu Yang | |
| Autor | Qiong Guo | |
| Autor | Youlin Long | |
| Autor | Yan Liu | |
| Autor | Jin Huang | |
| Autor | Liang Du | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the whole world with high mortality. Since droplet transmission is the main route of transmission, wearing a mask serves as a crucial preventive measure. However, the virus has spread quite quickly, causing severe mask shortage. Finding alternative materials for homemade masks while ensuring the significant performance indicators will help alleviate the shortage of masks. Referring to the national standard for the "Surgical Mask" of China, 17 materials to be selected for homemade masks were tested in four key indicators: pressure difference, particle filtration efficiency, bacterial filtration efficiency and resistance to surface wetting. Eleven single-layer materials met the standard of pressure difference (≤49 Pa), of which 3 met the standard of resistance to surface wetting (≥3), 1 met the standard of particle filtration efficiency (≥30%), but none met the standard of bacterial filtration efficiency (≥95%). Based on the testing results of single-layer materials, fifteen combinations of paired materials were tested. The results showed that three double-layer materials including double-layer medical non-woven fabric, medical non-woven fabric plus non-woven shopping bag, and medical non-woven fabric plus granular tea towel could meet all the standards of pressure difference, particle filtration efficiency, and resistance to surface wetting, and were close to the standard of the bacterial filtration efficiency. In conclusion, if resources are severely lacking and medical masks cannot be obtained, homemade masks using available materials, based on the results of this study, can minimize the chance of infection to the maximum extent. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 9:42:27 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Krátký název | Selection of homemade mask materials for preventing transmission of COVID-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.05.06.20093021 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HV4D5ATC | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 9:42:27 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:09:55 |
| Autor | Avilash Cramer | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Deborah Plana | |
| Autor | Helen L. Yang | |
| Autor | Mary Carmack | |
| Autor | Enze Tian | |
| Autor | Michael S. Sinha | |
| Autor | David Krikorian | |
| Autor | David Turner | |
| Autor | Jinhan Mo | |
| Autor | Ju Li | |
| Autor | Rajiv Gupta | |
| Autor | Heather Manning | |
| Autor | Florence T. Bourgeois | |
| Autor | Sherry H. Yu | |
| Autor | Peter Sorger | |
| Autor | Nicole R. LeBoeuf | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers, including filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) such as N95 masks. These masks are normally intended for single use, but their sterilization and subsequent reuse could substantially mitigate a world-wide shortage. Design: Quality assurance. Setting: A sealed environment chamber installed in the animal facility of an academic medical center. Interventions: One to five sterilization cycles using ionized hydrogen peroxide (iHP), generated by SteraMist equipment (TOMI; Frederick, MD). Main outcome measures: Personal protective equipment, including five N95 mask models from three manufacturers, were evaluated for efficacy of sterilization following iHP treatment (measured with bacterial spores in standard biological indicator assemblies). Additionally, N95 masks were assessed for their ability to efficiently filter particles down to 0.3um and for their ability to form an airtight seal using a quantitative fit test. Filtration efficiency was measured using ambient particulate matter at a university lab and an aerosolized NaCl challenge at a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) pre-certification laboratory. Results: The data demonstrate that N95 masks sterilized using SteraMist iHP technology retain function up to five cycles, the maximum number tested to date. Some but not all PPE could also be sterilized using an iHP environmental chamber, but pre-treatment with a handheld iHP generator was required for semi-enclosed surfaces such as respirator hoses. Conclusions: A typical iHP environment chamber with a volume of ~80 m3 can treat ~7000 masks per day, as well as other items of PPE, making this an effective approach for a busy medical center. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 13:11:57 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Krátký název | Analysis of SteraMist ionized hydrogen peroxide technology in the sterilization of N95 respirators and other PPE | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), CC BY-NC 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.19.20069997 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4UDTNIEV | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 13:11:57 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:40:05 |
| Autor | Christopher J. Woolverton | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Richard E. Ferdig | |
| Autor | Andrew Snyder | |
| Autor | Janet Reed | |
| Autor | Tracy Dodson | |
| Autor | Susan Thomas | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-07 | |
| Abstrakt | We are in the midst of a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus. At the time of writing, there were 2.17 million global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases with 146,000 deaths. Unfortunately, some of these deaths represent health care workers and first responders. One major challenge in preventing the occupational spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). (Our use of the phrase “surgical mask design or type” below is to denote the appearance of the mask. It is the textile that we believe makes this design of mask an FFR, as it creates a negative pressure environment that filters Bitrex particles out of the air that the user is breathing. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:39:35 | |
| Publikace | Applied Biosafety | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc | |
| ISSN | 1535-6760 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Appl Biosaf. | |
| DOI | 10.1177/1535676020925958 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8ERMBH6W | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:39:35 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:09:15 |
| Autor | Nathen E. Bopp | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Donald H. Bouyer | |
| Autor | Christopher M. Gibbs | |
| Autor | Joan E. Nichols | |
| Autor | Corrie A. Ntiforo | |
| Autor | Miguel A. Grimaldo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-07 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction: During pandemic situations like the one caused by the emergent coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, healthcare systems face the challenge of limited personal protective equipment and impaired supply chains. This problem poses a threat to healthcare workers, first responders, and the public, which demands solutions that can span the gap between institutional shortages and resupplies. Objectives: To examine the efficacy of autoclave-based decontamination for the reuse of single-use surgical masks and N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). This method is the most readily available form of decontamination in the hospital and laboratory settings. Methods: Three models of N95 FFRs and two procedural masks were evaluated in this study. A moist heat autoclave using four different autoclave cycles: 115°C for one hour, 121.1°C for 30 minutes, 130°C for two minutes, and 130°C for four minutes was used. After the autoclave process, the FFRs were NIOSH fit tested and particle counting was performed for both coarse particles of 5 micrometers (µM) and fine particles from 0.1µM to 1.0µM.Results:We observed negligible alterations in the functionality and integrity of 3M 1805 and 3M 1870/1870+ N95 FFRs after three autoclave cycles. Surgical masks also showed minimal changes in functionality and integrity. The 3M 1860 FFR failed fit test after a single autoclave decontamination cycle. Discussion and Conclusion: The study finds that specific surgical masks and N95 FFR models can withstand autoclave decontamination for up to three cycles. Additionally, the autoclave cycles tested were those that could be readily achieved by both clinical and research institutions. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:46:14 | |
| Publikace | Applied Biosafety | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc | |
| ISSN | 1535-6760 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Appl Biosaf. | |
| DOI | 10.1177/1535676020924171 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MNXS5RXB | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:46:15 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:04:17 |
| Autor | Jinyeop Lee | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Cheolwoo Bong | |
| Autor | Pan K. Bae | |
| Autor | Abdurhaman T. Abafog | |
| Autor | Seung Ho Baek | |
| Autor | Yong-Beom Shin | |
| Autor | Moon S. Park | |
| Autor | Sungsu Park | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Face masks are one of the currently available options for preventing the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused the 2019 pandemic. However, with the increasing demand for protection, face masks are becoming limited in stock, and the concerned individuals and healthcare workers from many countries are now facing the issue of the reuse of potentially contaminated masks. Although various technologies already exist for the sterilization of medical equipment, most of them are not applicable for eliminating virus from face masks. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a fast and easy method of disinfecting contaminated face masks. In this study, using a human coronavirus (HCoV-229E) as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 contamination on face masks, we show that the virus loses its infectivity to a human cell line (MRC-5) when exposed for a short period of time (1 min) to ozone gas produced by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma generator. Scanning electron microscopy and particulate filtration efficiency (PFE) tests revealed that there was no structural or functional deterioration observed in the face masks even after they underwent excessive exposure to ozone (five 1-minute exposures). Interestingly, for face masks exposed to ozone gas for 5 min, the amplification of HCoV-229E RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction suggested a loss of infectivity under the effect of ozone, primarily owing to the damage caused to viral envelopes or envelope proteins. Ozone gas is a strong oxidizing agent with the ability to kill viruses on hard-to-reach surfaces, including the fabric structure of face masks. These results suggest that it may be possible to rapidly disinfect contaminated face masks using a plasma generator in a well-ventilated place. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 7:52:29 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080317 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7UFLMFI5 | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 7:52:29 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:56:33 |
| Autor | Vivek Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sravankumar Nallamothu | |
| Autor | Sourabh Shrivastava | |
| Autor | Harshrajsinh Jadeja | |
| Autor | Pravin Nakod | |
| Autor | Prem Andrade | |
| Autor | Pankaj Doshi | |
| Autor | Guruswamy Kumaraswamy | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-05 | |
| Abstrakt | The utility of wearing simple cloth face masks is analyzed using computational fluid dynamics simulations. We simulate the aerodynamic flow through the mask and the spatial spread of droplet ejecta resulting from respiratory events such as coughing or sneezing. Without a mask, a turbulent jet forms, and droplets with a broad size distribution are ejected. Large droplets (greater than about 125 {\mu}m in diameter) fall to the ground within about 2 m, while turbulent clouds transport a mist of small aerosolized droplets over significant distances (~ 5 m), consistent with reported experimental findings. A loosely fitted simple cotton cloth mask (with a pore size ~ 4 microns) qualitatively changes the propagation of the high velocity jet, and largely eliminates the turbulent cloud downstream of the mask. About 12\% of the airflow leaks around the sides of a mask, considering a uniform gap of only 1 mm all around, between the face and the mask. The spread of ejecta is also changed, with most large droplets trapped at the mask surface. We present the viral load in the air and deposited around the person, and show that wearing even a simple cloth mask substantially decreases the extent of spatial spread of virus particles when an infected person coughs or sneezes. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 8:21:10 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.03444 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2005.03444 [physics] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2005.03444 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/F438ZM8W | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 8:21:10 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 7:09:24 |
Comment: 19 pages total, Main manuscript has 3 figures, manuscript submitted and is currently under review
| Autor | Lei Liao | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Wang Xiao | |
| Autor | Mervin Zhao | |
| Autor | Xuanze Yu | |
| Autor | Haotian Wang | |
| Autor | Qiqi Wang | |
| Autor | Steven Chu | |
| Autor | Yi Cui | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-05 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a major shortage of N95 respirators, which are essential for protecting healthcare professionals and the general public who may come into contact with the virus. Thus, it is essential to determine how we can reuse respirators and other personal protective equipment in these urgent times. We investigated multiple commonly used disinfection schemes on media with particle filtration efficiency of 95%. Heating was recently found to inactivate the virus in solution within 5 min at 70 °C and is among the most scalable, user-friendly methods for viral disinfection. We found that heat (≤85 °C) under various humidities (≤100% relative humidity, RH) was the most promising, nondestructive method for the preservation of filtration properties in meltblown fabrics as well as N95-grade respirators. At 85 °C, 30% RH, we were able to perform 50 cycles of heat treatment without significant changes in the filtration efficiency. At low humidity or dry conditions, temperatures up to 100 °C were not found to alter the filtration efficiency significantly within 20 cycles of treatment. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was a secondary choice, which was able to withstand 10 cycles of treatment and showed small degradation by 20 cycles. However, UV can potentially impact the material strength and subsequent sealing of respirators. Finally, treatments involving liquids and vapors require caution, as steam, alcohol, and household bleach all may lead to degradation of the filtration efficiency, leaving the user vulnerable to the viral aerosols. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 13:27:15 | |
| Publikace | ACS Nano | |
| Krátký název | Can N95 Respirators Be Reused after Disinfection? | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| ISSN | 1936-0851 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Nano | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsnano.0c03597 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CXZW36TG | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 13:27:15 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:42:08 |
| Autor | Luca Amendola | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Maria Teresa Saurini | |
| Autor | Francesco Di Girolamo | |
| Autor | Fabiana Arduini | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-03 | |
| Abstrakt | The highest risk of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to be spread through human-to-human transmission has boosted the use of personal protective equipment at worldwide level. In Europe, the medical face masks must be tested to certify the essential requirements in agreement with European Standard EN 14683:2019, and face masks for industrial use in agreement with European Standard EN 149:2009. Due to the need of large quantitative of medical and non-medical face masks in coronavirus outbreak, several Italian industries are working for shift a portion of their manufacturing capacity for producing medical and non-medical face mask. For screening evaluation of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment produced by reconverted industries, ARPA Lazio and the Department of Chemical Science and Technologies of Tor Vergata University have set-up an analytical system able to simulate the respiratory action and to measure the percentage of particles that pass through the face masks using optical particle counter (based on the EN 16890: 2017 that uses the same light scattering principle to evaluate the filter filtration efficiency). This set-up was challenged using face masks produced by reconverted industries and the data were compared with ones obtained using medical face mask. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 14:23:43 | |
| Publikace | Microchemical Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 157 | |
| ISSN | 0026-265X | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Microchemical Journal | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104928 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5BK8Z55T | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 14:23:43 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:36:24 |
| Autor | M. Mehedi Hasan Rocky | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | M. Amzad Hossain Bhuyan | |
| Autor | Raquib Khan | |
| Autor | Shamim Akhtar | |
| Typ | Dokument | |
| Datum | 2020-05 | |
| Abstrakt | In this study, we identified and incorporated various factors associated with bioaerosol to design a low-priced reusable cloth mask. Using the social distance parameters, we coined a new concept, ‘Threat Zone,’ to better understand the spread and transmission of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19. Literature review on the applicability of cloth-based masks against the spread of this virus suggests that disposable masks are unavailable to the mass public because of mass demand across the world since the global pandemic outbreak. This study focuses on a novel design aspect of a cotton-based facial mask, use of which is equally vital, if not more, than social-distancing, sheltering-in-place, and other vast measures widely used across the world to slow the spread of COVID-19. A simple way to make a mask of improved filtration efficiency at home is presented using cotton or linen woven fabric available in wearable cloth or household napkin. Filtration efficacy was improved by salt-starch treatment. Starch increases the efficiency of pathogenic droplet absorption by the fabric, whereas salt improves the virus deactivation system. Incorporating these simple steps will help one to prepare a mask efficient at countering the spread of COVID-19, especially those who have limited or no access to professionally manufactured masks. This modification is novel to the existing designs, which may lead to future research on the design of effective masks against similar bioaerosol and pathogens | |
| URL | https://www.researchgate.net/profile/M_Mehedi_Rocky/publication/341105738_A_Simple_Homemade_Cloth_Mask_for_Mass_People_in_Covid-19_Salt-Starching_Treatment_on_Fabric_for_Better_Bioaerosol_Filtration_Efficiency/links/5eadc09392851cb2676f9323/A-Simple-Homemade-Cloth-Mask-for-Mass-People-in-Covid-19-Salt-Starching-Treatment-on-Fabric-for-Better-Bioaerosol-Filtration-Efficiency.pdf | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KB6U2WER | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 8:30:39 | |
| Upraveno | 20. 8. 2020 13:38:43 |
| Autor | Eugenia O'Kelly | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-30 | |
| Abstrakt | This data is the result of a study carried out in March and April of 2020 in response to the novel coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the suitability of common fabrics for homemade face masks. This was conducted in light of the severe PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) shortage caused by the pandemic. This data was collected using a setup described by Irwin M. Hutton in his 2016 book Handbook of Nonwoven Filter Media, 2nd edition. This testing method and filtration calculation study is consistent with those used in similar studies on particle filtration. For this study, a 1" diameter tubing apparatus was adapted to give access to two P-Trak Ultrafine Particle Counters. Air was pulled through the apparatus at a rate of approximately 16.5 meters per second. Upstream concentrations represent number of ultrafine particles present in the air before it passes through the filter medium. Downstream concentrations represent number of ultrafine particles present after the air has passed through the filter medium. Readings were taken simultaneous 1.5” before and after the filter medium holder. Each data point represents a 10-second average of ultrafine particle concentrations present in passing air. Filtration efficiency was calculated according to Irwin M. Hutten’s formula. For further information on the setup and filtration efficiency (FE) calculations, refer to Chapter 3 of Handbook of Nonwoven Filter Media, 2nd edition, written by Irwin M. Hutton and published by Buttterworth and Heinemann in 2016: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-098301-1.00003-4 | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 9:47:36 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | Attribution 4.0 International | |
| Extra | Accepted: 2020-04-30T15:03:30Z type: dataset | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.repository.cam.ac.uk | |
| DOI | 10.17863/CAM.51390 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TT3HMNA6 | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 9:47:36 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:13:33 |
| Autor | Craig G. Burkhart | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Ozone Disinfectants Like SoClean CPAP Sanitizer can be used to Sterilize Cloth and n95 Masks in the Protection against COVID-19 | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:47:44 | |
| Publikace | The Open Dermatology Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Katalog knihovny | opendermatologyjournal.com | |
| DOI | 10.2174/1874372202014010014 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2QVXB2BP | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:47:44 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:05:27 |
| Autor | Stephen Rossettie | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Cody Perry | |
| Autor | Mohammed Pourghaed | |
| Autor | Mimi Zumwalt | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-26 | |
| Abstrakt | According to a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimate, the health sector would require about 1.5 billion face masks plus 90 million respirators, and the public would need around 1.1 billion masks for a six-week influenza pandemic.1 As the current COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, concerns have been raised over depletion of medical supplies, including face masks. This has led to recommendations for healthcare personnel (HCP) to apply extended use and limited re-use strategies with face masks.2 In addition, the general population’s response is mounting with persons making their own face masks for self-protection. This article aims to provide more detailed scientific information regarding the effectiveness and reusability of medical/surgical masks, respirators, and homemade masks. Data have been collected from various journals and different studies listed in PubMed and the Cochrane Library. The CDC and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines were also used extensively, as well as broader web searches of the English literature for up to date information. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 10:26:37 | |
| Publikace | The Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 8 | |
| Číslo | 34 | |
| Rozsah | 11-26 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2020 Stephen Rossettie, Cody Perry, Mohammed Pourghaed, Mimi Zumwalt | |
| Extra | Number: 34 | |
| ISSN | 2325-9205 | |
| Katalog knihovny | pulmonarychronicles.com | |
| DOI | 10.12746/swrccc.v8i34.675 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/74M4FP25 | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 10:26:37 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:51:19 |
| Autor | Miranda Loh | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ross Clark | |
| Autor | John Cherrie | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-25 | |
| Abstrakt | A number of methods for decontaminating disposable filtering face piece respirators have been explored for use in health care settings during epidemics where respirators are in short supply, such as the current Covid-19 pandemic. Heating to temperatures above 65°C has been shown to successfully inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus on various surfaces. Ovens or similar heating devices are likely already widely available in hospitals globally. We did a quantitative fit test on nine models of FFP2 and FFP3 respirators before and after heat treatment in an oven. These included both flat fold and moulded cup styles. All passed the initial fit test, and all but two passed the post-treatment fit test. This study demonstrates that FFP respirators can still retain both filtration efficiency and fit after wear and heat treatment, but that it is necessary to understand the probability for failure of fit after decontamination. Heat shows promise as a simple and effective way of treating FFP respirators. Further evaluation of longer-term wear and disinfection effectiveness of heat treatment should be done before widespread use. | |
| Přístup | 15. 1. 2021 15:20:45 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Krátký název | Heat treatment for reuse of disposable respirators during Covid-19 pandemic | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.22.20074989 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EV8BXDG9 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 1. 2021 15:20:45 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:55 |
| Autor | Abhiteja Konda | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Abhinav Prakash | |
| Autor | Gregory A. Moss | |
| Autor | Michael Schmoldt | |
| Autor | Gregory D. Grant | |
| Autor | Supratik Guha | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-24 | |
| Abstrakt | The emergence of a pandemic affecting the respiratory system can result in a significant demand for face masks. This includes the use of cloth masks by large sections of the public, as can be seen during the current global spread of COVID-19. However, there is limited knowledge available on the performance of various commonly available fabrics used in cloth masks. Importantly, there is a need to evaluate filtration efficiencies as a function of aerosol particulate sizes in the 10 nm to 10 μm range, which is particularly relevant for respiratory virus transmission. We have carried out these studies for several common fabrics including cotton, silk, chiffon, flannel, various synthetics, and their combinations. Although the filtration efficiencies for various fabrics when a single layer was used ranged from 5 to 80% and 5 to 95% for particle sizes of <300 nm and >300 nm, respectively, the efficiencies improved when multiple layers were used and when using a specific combination of different fabrics. Filtration efficiencies of the hybrids (such as cotton–silk, cotton–chiffon, cotton–flannel) was >80% (for particles <300 nm) and >90% (for particles >300 nm). We speculate that the enhanced performance of the hybrids is likely due to the combined effect of mechanical and electrostatic-based filtration. Cotton, the most widely used material for cloth masks performs better at higher weave densities (i.e., thread count) and can make a significant difference in filtration efficiencies. Our studies also imply that gaps (as caused by an improper fit of the mask) can result in over a 60% decrease in the filtration efficiency, implying the need for future cloth mask design studies to take into account issues of “fit” and leakage, while allowing the exhaled air to vent efficiently. Overall, we find that combinations of various commonly available fabrics used in cloth masks can potentially provide significant protection against the transmission of aerosol particles. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:16:10 | |
| Publikace | ACS Nano; Washington | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Práva | © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/terms.html | |
| Extra | Place: Washington, United States, Washington Publisher: American Chemical Society Section: Characterizing virus structure and mechanism of infection | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsnano.0c03252 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IA65IZZZ | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:16:10 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:38:45 |
| Autor | Onur Aydin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Md Abul Bashar Emon | |
| Autor | M. Taher A. Saif | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-24 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory infections may spread through droplets, airborne particles, and aerosols from infected individuals through coughing, sneezing, and speaking. In the case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), droplet spread can occur from symptomatic as well as pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic persons. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has therefore recently recommended home-made cloth face coverings for use by the general public in areas of significant community-based transmission. Because medical masks and N95 respirators are in short supply, these are to be reserved for healthcare workers. There is, however, little information on the effectiveness of home-made face coverings in reducing droplet dissemination. Here, we ascertained the performance of ten different fabrics, ranging from cotton to silk, in blocking high velocity droplets, using a 3-layered commercial medical mask as a benchmark material. We also assessed their breathability and ability to soak water. We reason that the materials should be as breathable as possible, without compromising blocking efficiency, to reduce air flow through the sides of the mask since such flow would defeat the purpose of the mask. We found that most home fabrics substantially block droplets, even as a single layer. With two layers, blocking performance can reach that of surgical mask without significantly compromising breathability. Furthermore, we observed that home fabrics are hydrophilic to varying degrees, and hence soak water. In contrast, medical masks are hydrophobic, and tend to repel water. Incoming droplets are thus soaked and 9held back9 by home fabrics, which might offer an as of yet untapped and understudied advantage of home-made cloth masks. Overall, our study suggests that most double-layered cloth face coverings may help reduce droplet transmission of respiratory infections. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 8:55:02 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Krátký název | Performance of fabrics for home-made masks against spread of respiratory infection through droplets | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.19.20071779 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LG69MM8E | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 8:55:02 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:05:32 |
| Autor | Rachel M. Gilbert | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Michael J. Donzanti | |
| Autor | Daniel J. Minahan | |
| Autor | Jasmine Shirazi | |
| Autor | Christine L. Hatem | |
| Autor | Brielle Hayward-Piatkovskyi | |
| Autor | Allyson M. Dang | |
| Autor | Katherine M. Nelson | |
| Autor | Kimberly L. Bothi | |
| Autor | Jason P. Gleghorn | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-24 | |
| Abstrakt | As the current COVID-19 pandemic illustrates, not all hospitals and other facilities are equipped with enough personal protective equipment to meet the demand in a crisis. Healthcare workers around the world utilize N95 masks to protect themselves and their patients, yet during this global pandemic they are forced to re-wear what is intended to be single-use masks. This poses significant risk to these healthcare workers along with the populations they are trying to protect. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) has been validated previously as a way to effectively sterilize these masks between use, however, not all facilities have access to the high cost commercial UV-C lamp sterilization equipment. However, UV-C bulbs are sitting idle in biosafety cabinets (BSCs) at universities and research facilities around the globe that have been shuttered to slow the spread of COVID-19. These bulbs may also be available in existing medical centers where infectious diseases are commonly treated. Therefore, we have developed a method to modify existing light fixtures, or create custom light fixtures compatible with new or existing common UV-C bulbs. This system is scalable and can be created for less than 50 US dollars, on site, at the point of need, and leverages resources that are currently untapped and sitting unused in public and private research facilities. The freely-accessible design can be easily modified for use around the world. Hospitals can obtain this potentially life-saving UVGI resource with minimal funds, via collaboration between research facilities to obtain the UV-C meters and limited availability UVGI bulbs. While mask reuse is not ideal, we must do what we can in emergency situations to protect our frontline healthcare workers and the communities they serve. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 10:16:41 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Krátký název | Healthcare worker mask reuse in a global pandemic | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.19.20070870 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4NVA8A9D | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 10:16:41 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:58:43 |
| Autor | Robert Fischer | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dylan H. Morris | |
| Autor | Neeltje van Doremalen | |
| Autor | Shanda Sarchette | |
| Autor | Jeremiah Matson | |
| Autor | Trenton Bushmaker | |
| Autor | Claude Kwe Yinda | |
| Autor | Stephanie Seifert | |
| Autor | Amandine Gamble | |
| Autor | Brandi Williamson | |
| Autor | Seth Judson | |
| Autor | Emmie de Wit | |
| Autor | Jamie Lloyd-Smith | |
| Autor | Vincent Munster | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-24 | |
| Abstrakt | The unprecedented pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has created worldwide shortages of personal protective equipment, in particular respiratory protection such as N95 respirators. SARS-CoV-2 transmission is frequently occurring in hospital settings, with numerous reported cases of nosocomial transmission highlighting the vulnerability of healthcare workers. In general, N95 respirators are designed for single use prior to disposal. Here, we have analyzed four readily available and often used decontamination methods: UV, 70% ethanol, 70C heat and vaporized hydrogen peroxide for inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on N95 respirators. Equally important we assessed the function of the N95 respirators after multiple wear and decontamination sessions. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 13:22:36 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.11.20062018 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/L4S6RJYG | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 13:22:36 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:41:05 |
| Autor | Qing-Xia Ma | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shan Hu | |
| Autor | Chuan-Mei Zhang | |
| Autor | Hong-Liang Zhang | |
| Autor | Gui-Mei Li | |
| Autor | Rui-Mei Yang | |
| Autor | Ji-Ming Chen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-22 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 has claimed many lives worldwide. Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk. Reuse of these masks can minimize waste, protect the environment, and help to solve the current imminent shortage of masks. Disinfection of used masks is needed for reuse of them with safety, but improper decontamination can damage the blocking structure of masks. In this study, we demonstrated, using avian coronavirus of infectious bronchitis virus to mimic SARS‐CoV‐2, that medical masks and N95 masks remained their blocking efficacy after being steamed on boiling water even for 2 hours. We also demonstrated that three brands of medical masks blocked over 99% viruses in aerosols. The avian coronavirus was completely inactivated after being steamed for 5 minutes. Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:20:05 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Medical Virology; Hoboken | |
| Krátký název | Decontamination of face masks with steam for mask reuse in fighting the pandemic COVID‐19 | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Práva | © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken, United States, Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1002/jmv.25921 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NAHJNAV8 | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:20:05 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:48:50 |
| Autor | Daniel F. Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jennifer L. Cadnum | |
| Autor | Sarah N. Redmond | |
| Autor | Lucas D. Jones | |
| Autor | Curtis J. Donskey | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-22 | |
| Abstrakt | In the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare facilities have been forced to adopt strategies to extend or reuse personal protective equipment (PPE) such as N95 filtering facepiece respirators and surgical face masks. Cloth face masks worn in public settings where social distancing cannot be maintained are also typically reused multiple times between laundering. A variety of strategies for decontamination of PPE are under investigation, including use of ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide vapor. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 8:40:32 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| Krátký název | It's Not the Heat, It's the Humidity | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Extra | Publisher: Elsevier PMID: 32334003 | |
| ISSN | 1527-3296 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.ajicjournal.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | American Journal of Infection Control | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.04.012 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5XL9XISV | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 8:40:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:59:03 |
| Autor | Maria Chiara Sportelli | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | tento odkaz se otevře v novém okně Odkaz na externí stránky | |
| Autor | Margherita Izzi | |
| Autor | tento odkaz se otevře v novém okně Odkaz na externí stránky | |
| Autor | Ekaterina A. Kukushkina | |
| Autor | Syed Imdadul Hossain | |
| Autor | tento odkaz se otevře v novém okně Odkaz na externí stránky | |
| Autor | Rosaria Anna Picca | |
| Autor | tento odkaz se otevře v novém okně Odkaz na externí stránky | |
| Autor | Nicoletta Ditaranto | |
| Autor | tento odkaz se otevře v novém okně Odkaz na externí stránky | |
| Autor | Nicola Cioffi | |
| Autor | tento odkaz se otevře v novém okně Odkaz na externí stránky | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-21 | |
| Abstrakt | Since 2004, we have been developing nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties, the so-called nanoantimicrobials. When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged, we started investigating new and challenging routes to nanoantivirals. The two fields have some important points of contact. We would like to share with the readership our vision of the role a (nano)materials scientist can play in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. As researchers specifically working on surfaces and nanomaterials, in this letter we underline the importance of nanomaterial-based technological solutions in several aspects of the fight against the virus. While great resources are understandably being dedicated to treatment and diagnosis, more efforts could be dedicated to limit the virus spread. Increasing the efficacy of personal protection equipment, developing synergistic antiviral coatings, are only two of the cases discussed. This is not the first nor the last pandemic: our nanomaterials community may offer several technological solutions to challenge the ongoing and future global health emergencies. Readers’ feedback and suggestions are warmly encouraged. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:08:04 | |
| Publikace | Nanomaterials; Basel | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Práva | © 2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | Place: Basel, Switzerland, Basel Publisher: MDPI AG | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.3390/nano10040802 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2F59RFPZ | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:08:04 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:42:13 |
| Autor | Albert I. Nazeeri | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Isaac A. Hilburn | |
| Autor | Daw-An Wu | |
| Autor | Kabir A. Mohammed | |
| Autor | D. Yovan Badal | |
| Autor | Moses H. W. Chan | |
| Autor | Joseph L. Kirschvink | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-16 | |
| Abstrakt | A critical shortage of respirators, masks and other personal protective equipment (PPE) exists across all sectors of society afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic, placing medical staff and service workers at heightened risk and hampering efforts to reduce transmission rates. Of particular need are the N95 medical face respirators that filter 95% of all airborne particles at and above 0.3 um in diameter, many of which use meltblown microfibers of charged polypropylene (e.g, the 3M 8200). An intensive search is underway to find reliable methods to lengthen the useful life of these normally disposable units. It is currently believed that these masks and respirators cannot be cleaned with 70 to 75% alcohol-water solutions, as past wet/dry experiments show that filtration efficiency can drop by ~40% after the first such treatment. This has been interpreted as the liquids disrupting the surface charge on the fibers and has led to a recent CDC/NIOSH advisory against using alcohol for their decontamination. We have replicated the drop in efficiency after alcohol treatment. However, we find that the efficiency can be recovered by more effective drying, which we achieve with a vacuum chamber. Drying at pressures of < ~6 mBar (0.6 kPa) restores the measured filtering efficiency to within 2% or so of the pre-washing value, which we have sustained for 5 cleaning-drying cycles so far in three models of N95 masks. The mechanism seems to be the removal of water molecules adsorbed on the fiber surfaces, a hypothesis which is supported by two independent observations: (A) the filtering efficiency increases non-linearly with the weight loss during drying, and (B) filtration efficiency shows an abrupt recovery as the vacuum pressure drops from 13 to 6 mBar, the range physically attributable to the removal of adsorbed water. These results are not compatible with the electrostatic discharge hypothesis, and rather suggest that water molecules adsorbed to the fiber surface are reducing the filtration efficiency via surface tension interactions (e.g., wicking between the fibers and coating their surfaces with a film). Such a degradation mechanism has two implications: (A) Respirators decontaminated by a soak in 70% v/v ethanol regain their filtration efficiency once they are fully dry. We employ vacuum chambers in this study, which are inexpensive and commonly available. (B) This mechanism presents the possibility that mask filtration performance may be subject to degradation by other sources of moisture, and that the mask would continue to be compromised even if it appears dry. The mask would need to be vacuum-dried to restore its performance. This study introduces a number of methods which could be developed and validated for use in resource-limited settings. As the pandemic spreads to rural areas and developing nations, these would allow for local efforts to decontaminate, restore, monitor, and test medical masks. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 13:06:49 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.12.20059709 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BBIR2NH5 | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 13:06:49 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:39:36 |
| Autor | Dana Mackenzie | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-13 | |
| Abstrakt | As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its second month (April 2020) in the United States, one of the simplest pieces of medical equipment is in desperately short supply: medical-grade protective facemasks, typically engineered and specified for a single use only. Now, to meet the critical and quickly intensifying need, Chinese and American engineers are devising new procedures for decontaminating and reusing masks that hospitals already have on hand (Fig. 1) [1]. Although some of these procedures require specialized equipment, others are simple enough to use at home. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 9:19:55 | |
| Publikace | Engineering (Beijing, China) | |
| Extra | PMID: 32292629 PMCID: PMC7153525 | |
| ISSN | 2095-8099 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed Central | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Engineering (Beijing) | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.003 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XI7YLSIA | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 9:19:55 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:09:42 |
| Autor | Christian J. Kähler | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rainer Hain | |
| Typ | Dokument | |
| Datum | 2020-04-11 | |
| Abstrakt | About distance rules, mouth-nose protection, particle filtering respiratory protection, filter materials and mask manufacturing | |
| URL | https://www.unibw.de/lrt7-en/report_mask-investigation_unibw_lrt7_06_04_2020.pdf | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DA92EVIG | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 10:48:25 | |
| Upraveno | 20. 8. 2020 15:37:53 |
| Autor | Alex Rodriguez-Palacios | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mathew Conger | |
| Autor | Fabio Cominelli | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Due to the shortage of masks during the pandemic, we recently demonstrated that household textiles are effective environmental droplet barriers (EDBs) with identical droplet retention potential as medical masks. To further promote the implementation of a universal community droplet reduction solution based on a synchronized encouragement/enforcement of mask utilization by the public based on widely available textiles (mask fabrication without the need for sewing machines), here we conducted a study using germ-free mice to determine to what extent textiles were effective in vivo. Using a bacterial-suspension spray simulation model of droplet ejection (mimicking a sneeze), we quantified the extent by which 100% cotton textile prevented the contamination of germ-free animals on the other side of the textile-barrier (simulating a properly worn mask). Of relevance, all mice protected with textiles remained germ-free after two sprays (inoculation dose: >600 bacterial droplet units per 56.75cm2) compared to the contamination of mice not protected by a textile (0/12 vs 6/6, Fisher’s exact, p<0.0001). In a second phase of the experiment with 12 germ-free mice exposed again to 10-fold more droplets remained germ-free, while 100% of mice at 180cm became colonized with a single spray (0/8 vs 4/4, Fisher exact, p=0.002). Collectively, barriers protected all mice (even with low-density textiles, heavy vs. light fabric, T-test, p=0.0028) when using textile-EDB to cover the cages (0/20 vs 10/10, Fisher exact, p<0.0001). This study demonstrated, in vivo, that widely available household textiles are 100% effective at preventing contamination of the environment and the exposed animals by microbe-carrying droplets. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 8:48:25 | |
| Publikace | bioRxiv | |
| Krátký název | Nonmedical Masks in Public for Respiratory Pandemics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.biorxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.06.028688 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BAD26VQA | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 8:48:25 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:05:13 |
| Autor | Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fabio Cominelli | |
| Autor | Abigail Basson | |
| Autor | Theresa Pizarro | |
| Autor | Sanja Ilic | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-10 | |
| Abstrakt | The main form of COVID-19 transmission is via oral-respiratory droplet contamination (droplet; very small drop of liquid) produced when individuals talk, sneeze or cough. In hospitals, health-care workers wear facemasks as a minimum medical droplet precaution to protect themselves. Due to the shortage of masks during the pandemic, priority is given to hospitals for their distribution. As a result, the availability/use of medical masks is discouraged for the public. However, given that asymptomatic individuals, not wearing masks within the public, can be highly contagious for COVID-19, prevention of environmental droplet contamination (EnDC) from coughing/sneezing/speech is fundamental to reducing transmission. As an immediate solution to promote public droplet safety, we assessed household textiles to quantify their potential as effective environmental droplet barriers (EDBs). The synchronized implementation of a universal community droplet reduction solution is discussed as a model against COVID-19. Using a bacterial-suspension spray simulation model of droplet ejection (mimicking a sneeze), we quantified the extent by which widely available clothing fabrics reduce the dispersion of droplets onto surfaces within 1.8m, the minimum distance recommended for COVID-19 social distancing. All textiles reduced the number of droplets reaching surfaces, restricting their dispersion to <30cm, when used as single layers. When used as double-layers, textiles were as effective as medical mask/surgical-cloth materials, reducing droplet dispersion to <10cm, and the area of circumferential contamination to ~0.3%. The synchronized implementation of EDBs as a community droplet reduction solution (i.e., face covers/scarfs/masks & surface covers) could reduce EnDC and the risk of transmitting or acquiring infectious respiratory pathogens, including COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 9:39:41 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.07.20045617 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/78FCJXBI | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 9:39:41 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:13:29 |
| Autor | Bhanu Neupane | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Basant Giri | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2020-04-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety foot wares, gloves, face masks and respirators, face shields, and gowns are used both in health care and community settings to contain the spread of infectious diseases during microbial outbreaks. Filtering device including face masks and respirators are important components of PPE to prevent the bio-aerosol and droplet mediated transmission of a disease. In case of respiratory pathogens, droplets originate from an infected person sneezing and coughing and aerosols are formed by exhalation and desiccation of larger droplets. The filtering efficiency of a filtering device depends on nature of the filter, size and nature of particles, user preference, and environmental conditions. The breathability, facial fitness, and contamination from used mask and respirator are important factors to be considered in designing a filtering device. This review discusses on current development in materials used for filtering device, effectiveness of face mask and respirator, emerging technologies for better filtering device, and finally provide a general guideline for proper use and future prospective of face mask and respirator. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 8:27:50 | |
| URL | https://osf.io/h3wgc | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.31224/osf.io/h3wgc | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZGRBD5PW | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 8:27:50 | |
| Upraveno | 2. 7. 2020 9:55:54 |
| Autor | Julii Suzanne Brainard | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Natalia Jones | |
| Autor | Iain Lake | |
| Autor | Lee Hooper | |
| Autor | Paul Hunter | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-06 | |
| Abstrakt | The current pandemic of COVID-19 has lead to conflicting opinions on whether wearing facemasks outside of health care facilities protects against the infection. To better understand the value of wearing facemasks we undertook a rapid systematic review of existing scientific evidence about development of respiratory illness, linked to use of facemasks in community settings. METHODS: We included all study designs. There were 31 eligible studies (including 12 RCTs). Narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analysis of attack rates for primary and secondary prevention in 28 studies were performed. Results were reported by design, setting and type of face barrier in primary prevention, and by who wore the facemask (index patient or well contacts) in secondary prevention trials. The preferred outcome was influenza-like illness (ILI) but similar outcomes were pooled with ILI when ILI was unavailable. GRADE quality assessment was based on RCTs with support from observational studies. RESULTS: Where specific information was available, most studies reported about use of medical grade (surgical paper masks). In 3 RCTs, wearing a facemask may very slightly reduce the odds of developing ILI/respiratory symptoms, by around 6% (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.19, I2 29%, low certainty evidence). Greater effectiveness was suggested by observational studies. When both house-mates and an infected household member wore facemasks the odds of further household members becoming ill may be modestly reduced by around 19% (OR 0.81, 95%CI 0.48 to 1.37, I 2 45%, 5 RCTs, low certainty evidence). The protective effect was very small if only the well person(OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.28, I2 11%, 2 RCTs, low uncertainty evidence) or the infected person wore the facemask (very low certainty evidence). DISCUSSION: Based on the RCTs we would conclude that wearing facemasks can be very slightly protective against primary infection from casual community contact, and modestly protective against household infections when both infected and uninfected members wear facemasks. However, the RCTs often suffered from poor compliance and controls using facemasks. Across observational studies the evidence in favour of wearing facemasks was stronger. We expect RCTs to under-estimate the protective effect and observational studies to exaggerate it. The evidence is not sufficiently strong to support widespread use of facemasks as a protective measure against COVID-19. However, there is enough evidence to support the use of facemasks for short periods of time by particularly vulnerable individuals when in transient higher risk situations. Further high quality trials are needed to assess when wearing a facemask in the community is most likely to be protective. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 7:47:25 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Krátký název | Facemasks and similar barriers to prevent respiratory illness such as COVID-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 22 stran | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.01.20049528 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/C7R3WRP3 | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 7:47:25 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:55:57 |
| Autor | Philip Anfinrud | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Christina E. Bax | |
| Autor | Valentyn Stadnytskyi | |
| Autor | Adriaan Bax | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Speaking may be a primary mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Considering that reports of asymptomatic transmission account for 50-80% of COVID-19 cases and that saliva has peak viral loads at time of patient presentation, droplet emission while speaking could be a significant factor driving transmission and warrants further study. We used a planar beam of laser light passing through a dust-free enclosure to detect saliva droplets emitted while speaking. We found that saying the words 9Stay Healthy9 generates thousands of droplets that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye. A damp homemade cloth face mask dramatically reduced droplet excretion, with none of the spoken words causing a droplet rise above the background. Our preliminary findings have important implications for pandemic mitigation efforts. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 9:50:00 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.04.02.20051177 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JQVQSVNH | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 9:50:00 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:44:08 |
| Autor | Milena Santos | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Darlyane Torres | |
| Autor | Paula Coutinho Cardoso | |
| Autor | Nikolaos Pandis | |
| Autor | Carlos Flores-Mir | |
| Autor | Rita Medeiros | |
| Autor | Antonio David Normando | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020 | |
| Abstrakt | During the COVID-19 pandemic the use of cloth masks has increased dramatically due to the shortage of medical masks. However, the efficiency of this material is controversial. We aimed to investigate the efficiency of cloth masks in reducing transmission and contamination by droplets and aerosols for the general population and healthcare workers. Electronic databases were searched without year or language restrictions. Clinical and laboratorial studies were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using an adapted quality checklist for laboratory-based studies. ROBINS-I tool and Cochrane RoB 2.0 were used to evaluate non-randomized (n-RCT) and randomized clinical trials (RCT), respectively. The quality of the evidence was assessed through GRADE tool. From the eleven studies selected, eight were laboratory-based studies, one non-randomized and one RCT supported by laboratory data. Between the evaluated fabrics only three presented a filtration efficiency > 90%. Hybrid of cotton/chiffon (95%CI 95.2 to 98.8), hybrid of cotton/silk (95%CI 92.2 to 95.8) and cotton quilt (95%CI 94.2 to 97.8). However, cloth masks are not recommended for healthcare workers. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to a high methodological heterogeneity. The overall quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Despite the lower efficiency compared to medical masks, laboratorial results may underestimate the efficiency of cloth masks in real life. Cloth mask efficiency is higher when made of hybrid fabrics (cotton/chiffon, cotton/silk) and cotton quilt, mainly with multiple layers. | |
| Přístup | 9. 7. 2021 13:59:32 | |
| Publikace | Brazilian Oral Research | |
| Krátký název | Are cloth masks a substitute to medical masks in reducing transmission and contamination? | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 34 | |
| Rozsah | e123 | |
| Extra | Place: Sao Paulo Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira De Pesquisa Odontologica WOS:000651594600001 | |
| ISSN | 1807-3107 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Braz. Oral Res. | |
| DOI | 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0123 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TMYCNH4Z | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 7. 2021 13:59:32 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 7. 2021 9:39:53 |
| Autor | Shi Hu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dan Wang | |
| Autor | Kai Yang | |
| Autor | Yuan-Feng Wang | |
| Autor | Tao Yang | |
| Autor | Qing-Yan Peng | |
| Autor | Xiao-Dong Tan | |
| Autor | Dana Kremenakova | |
| Autor | Jiri Militky | |
| Autor | Mohanapriya Venkataraman | |
| Autor | Aravin Prince Periyasamy | |
| Editor | Y. Li | |
| Editor | M. Zhu | |
| Editor | X. Zeng | |
| Typ | Konferenční příspěvek | |
| Datum | 2020 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 is a pandemic, as such developing a type of material that can inhibit the spread of the novel coronavirus is vital. In this article, copper as metallization material for textiles is discussed for developing disinfection mouth masks or other protective textiles. Copper has been proved to have significant effect against certain bacteria or virus according to several research. For example the Human-Coronavirus 229E virus survive time on copper alloy demonstrates the antivirus property of cooper. The mechanism, such as Cu(I) and Cu (II) enhanced by reactive oxygen species generation on alloy surfaces and other theories is discussed. The metallization method for textile includes the dry process and wet process. However, to develop safe and effective cooper-coated material to inhibit COVID-19 virus requires further research. | |
| Vydavatel | Textile Bioengineering & Informatics Society Ltd | |
| Místo | Hong Kong Sar | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Rozsah | 84-91 | |
| Extra | ISSN: 1942-3438 WOS:000668352000012 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| DOI | https://dspace.tul.cz/handle/15240/158592 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N8XJ4KQS | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 12:32:56 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:42:52 |
| Autor | Guy-alain Junter | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Laurent Lebrun | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2017-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Viral filtration is a critical step in the purification of biologics and in the monitoring of microbiological water quality. Viral filters are also essential protection elements against airborne viral particles. The present review first focuses on cellulose-based filter media currently used for size-exclusion and/or adsorptive filtration of viruses from biopharmaceutical and environmental water samples. Data from spiking studies quantifying the viral filtration performance of cellulosic filters are detailed, i.e., first, the virus reduction capacity of regenerated cellulose hollow fiber filters in the manufacturing process of blood products and, second, the efficiency of virus recovery/concentration from water samples by the viradel (virus adsorption-elution) method using charge modified, electropositive cellulosic filters or conventional electronegative cellulose ester microfilters. Viral analysis of field water samples by the viradel technique is also surveyed. This review then describes cellulose-based filter media used in individual protection equipment against airborne viral pathogens, presenting innovative filtration media with virucidal properties. Some pros and cons of cellulosic viral filters and perspectives for cellulose-based materials in viral filtration are underlined in the review. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:09:19 | |
| Publikace | Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology; Dordrecht | |
| Krátký název | Cellulose-based virus-retentive filters | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 455-489 | |
| Práva | Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology is a copyright of Springer, 2017. | |
| Extra | Num Pages: 455-489 Place: Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dordrecht Publisher: Springer Nature B.V. | |
| ISSN | 1569-1705 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11157-017-9434-1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZTCF3S7T | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:09:19 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:42:41 |
| Autor | Samy Rengasamy | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ronald Shaffer | |
| Autor | Brandon Williams | |
| Autor | Sarah Smit | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2017-02 | |
| Abstrakt | NIOSH published a Federal Register Notice to explore the possibility of incorporating FDA required filtration tests for surgical masks (SMs) in the 42 CFR Part 84 respirator certification process. There have been no published studies comparing the filtration efficiency test methods used for NIOSH certification of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (N95 FFRs) with those used by the FDA for clearance of SMs. To address this issue, filtration efficiencies of "N95 FFRs" including six N95 FFR models and three surgical N95 FFR models, and three SM models were measured using the NIOSH NaCl aerosol test method, and FDA required particulate filtration efficiency (PFE) and bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) methods, and viral filtration efficiency (VFE) method. Five samples of each model were tested using each method. Both PFE and BFE tests were done using unneutralized particles as per FDA guidance document. PFE was measured using 0.1 µm size polystyrene latex particles and BFE with ∼3.0 µm size particles containing Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. VFE was obtained using ∼3.0 µm size particles containing phiX 174 as the challenge virus and Escherichia coli as the host. Results showed that the efficiencies measured by the NIOSH NaCl method for "N95 FFRs" were from 98.15-99.68% compared to 99.74-99.99% for PFE, 99.62-99.9% for BFE, and 99.8-99.9% for VFE methods. Efficiencies by the NIOSH NaCl method were significantly (p = <0.05) lower than the other methods. SMs showed lower efficiencies (54.72-88.40%) than "N95 FFRs" measured by the NIOSH NaCl method, while PFE, BFE, and VFE methods produced no significant difference. The above results show that the NIOSH NaCl method is relatively conservative and is able to identify poorly performing filtration devices. The higher efficiencies obtained using PFE, BFE and VFE methods show that adding these supplemental particle penetration methods will not improve respirator certification. | |
| Publikace | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene | |
| Jazyk | eng | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 92-103 | |
| Extra | PMID: 27540979 PMCID: PMC7157953 | |
| ISSN | 1545-9632 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J Occup Environ Hyg | |
| DOI | 10.1080/15459624.2016.1225157 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5C8IPUY7 | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 15:52:06 | |
| Upraveno | 27. 7. 2020 15:52:34 |
| Autor | Chandini Raina MacIntyre | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yi Zhang | |
| Autor | Abrar Ahmad Chughtai | |
| Autor | Holly Seale | |
| Autor | Daitao Zhang | |
| Autor | Yanhui Chu | |
| Autor | Haiyan Zhang | |
| Autor | Bayzidur Rahman | |
| Autor | Quanyi Wang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2016-12-31 | |
| Abstrakt | Rationale Medical masks are commonly used by sick individuals with influenza-like illness (ILI) to prevent spread of infections to others, but clinical efficacy data are absent. Objective Determine whether medical mask use by sick individuals with ILI protects well contacts from related respiratory infections. Setting 6 major hospitals in 2 districts of Beijing, China. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial. Participants 245 index cases with ILI. Intervention Index cases with ILI were randomly allocated to medical mask (n=123) and control arms (n=122). Since 43 index cases in the control arm also used a mask during the study period, an as-treated post hoc analysis was performed by comparing outcomes among household members of index cases who used a mask (mask group) with household members of index cases who did not use a mask (no-mask group). Main outcome measure Primary outcomes measured in household members were clinical respiratory illness, ILI and laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infection. Results In an intention-to-treat analysis, rates of clinical respiratory illness (relative risk (RR) 0.61, 95% CI 0.18 to 2.13), ILI (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.03 to 3.13) and laboratory-confirmed viral infections (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.06 to 15.54) were consistently lower in the mask arm compared with control, although not statistically significant. A post hoc comparison between the mask versus no-mask groups showed a protective effect against clinical respiratory illness, but not against ILI and laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infections. Conclusions The study indicates a potential benefit of medical masks for source control, but is limited by small sample size and low secondary attack rates. Larger trials are needed to confirm efficacy of medical masks as source control. Trial registration number ACTRN12613000852752; Results. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 12:56:15 | |
| Publikace | BMJ Open; London | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Práva | Copyright: 2016 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ | |
| Extra | Place: London, United Kingdom, London Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group LTD | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012330 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3BRKGIHF | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 12:56:15 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:42:59 |
| Autor | C. Raina MacIntyre | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Holly Seale | |
| Autor | Tham Chi Dung | |
| Autor | Nguyen Tran Hien | |
| Autor | Phan Thi Nga | |
| Autor | Abrar Ahmad Chughtai | |
| Autor | Bayzidur Rahman | |
| Autor | Dominic E. Dwyer | |
| Autor | Quanyi Wang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2015-03-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cloth masks to medical masks in hospital healthcare workers (HCWs). The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between medical masks and cloth masks. Setting 14 secondary-level/tertiary-level hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants 1607 hospital HCWs aged â[per thousand]¥18 years working full-time in selected high-risk wards. Intervention Hospital wards were randomised to: medical masks, cloth masks or a control group (usual practice, which included mask wearing). Participants used the mask on every shift for 4 consecutive weeks. Main outcome measure Clinical respiratory illness (CRI), influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infection. Results The rates of all infection outcomes were highest in the cloth mask arm, with the rate of ILI statistically significantly higher in the cloth mask arm (relative risk (RR)=13.00, 95% CI 1.69 to 100.07) compared with the medical mask arm. Cloth masks also had significantly higher rates of ILI compared with the control arm. An analysis by mask use showed ILI (RR=6.64, 95% CI 1.45 to 28.65) and laboratory-confirmed virus (RR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.94) were significantly higher in the cloth masks group compared with the medical masks group. Penetration of cloth masks by particles was almost 97% and medical masks 44%. Conclusions This study is the first RCT of cloth masks, and the results caution against the use of cloth masks. This is an important finding to inform occupational health and safety. Moisture retention, reuse of cloth masks and poor filtration may result in increased risk of infection. Further research is needed to inform the widespread use of cloth masks globally. However, as a precautionary measure, cloth masks should not be recommended for HCWs, particularly in high-risk situations, and guidelines need to be updated. Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000887077. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:20:04 | |
| Publikace | BMJ Open; London | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 5 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Práva | Copyright: 2015 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions | |
| Extra | Place: London, United Kingdom, London Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group LTD | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006577 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/26BCLMTD | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:20:05 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:35:17 |
| Autor | Hyejung Jung | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jongbo Kim Kim | |
| Autor | Seungju Lee | |
| Autor | Jinho Lee | |
| Autor | Jooyoun Kim | |
| Autor | Perngjy Tsai | |
| Autor | Chungsik Yoon | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2013-08-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Particulate respirators have been used in both general environments and in the workplace. Despite the existence of certified respirators for workers, no strict regulations exist for masks worldwide. The aims of this study were to evaluate the filter efficiency of various mask types using the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) [similar to the European Union (EU) protocol] and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) protocol and to compare the test results. We tested a total of 44 mask brands of four types (anti-yellow sand, medical, quarantine, general) and handkerchiefs with a TSI 8130 Automatic Filter Tester. A wide variation of penetration and pressure drops was observed by mask types. The overall mean penetration and pressure drop of all tested masks were respectively 35.6 ± 34.7%, 2.7 ± 1.4 mm H2O with the KFDA protocol, and 35.1 ± 35.7%, 10.6 ± 5.88 mm H2O with the NIOSH protocol. All tested quarantine masks satisfied the KFDA criterion of 6%. Six-ninths and four-sevenths of the anti-yellow sand masks for adults and children satisfied the criterion of 20%, respectively. Medical masks, general masks, and handkerchiefs were found to provide little protection against respiratory aerosols. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 10:27:41 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 991-1002 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research | |
| ISSN | 2071-1409 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aaqr.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.2013.06.0201 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WU4I6TBZ | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 10:27:41 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:43:22 |
| Autor | ZhanBo Wen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Na Li | |
| Autor | JinSong Li | |
| Autor | Jie Wang | |
| Autor | JianJun Zhao | |
| Autor | WenHui Yang | |
| Autor | LingFei Hu | |
| Autor | XiaoKai Dong | |
| Autor | JianCHun Lu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2012-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory illnesses are increasingly recognized as a growing concern for healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients. The 2003 hospital-based outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) has once again highlighted the vulnerability of HCWs to aerosol-transmitted viral infections. Personal respiratory protective equipment was one of the key means for the HCWs to avoid nosocomial transmission of the virus. This article studied a testing method for determining the performance of personal respiratory protection equipment against a viral aerosol. Full-mask respirators with HEPA filters were selected for this study. Phage f2 was used as a surrogate for a viral pathogen. A viral aerosol was generated and then sampled in front of and behind the test respirators, allowing a percentage efficiency value to be calculated against viral aerosols. HEPA-filtered respirators demonstrated a high filtration efficiency of >99.99% and can protect the wearers against the viral aerosol transmission. This test methodology can be used to assess the filtration efficacy of personal respiratory protection equipment against a viral aerosol. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:50:37 | |
| Publikace | Applied Biosafety | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 17 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 26-30 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc | |
| ISSN | 1535-6760 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Appl Biosaf. | |
| DOI | 10.1177/153567601201700106 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N8JRM4Y7 | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:50:37 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:11:13 |
| Autor | Yi Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yue Ping Guo | |
| Autor | Kwok Ching Thomas Wong | |
| Autor | Wai Yee Joanne Chung | |
| Autor | Mayur Danny Indulal Gohel | |
| Autor | Hang Mei Polly Leung | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2008-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: Respiratory protection efficiency of facemasks is critically important in the battle against communicable respiratory infections such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). We studied the spatial distributions of simulated virus-laden respiratory droplets when human subjects wore facemasks and were exposed to regulatory viral droplets by conducting in vivo experiments in facemask use. Methods: Transmission pathway of aerosols of Fluorescein-KCl solution through facemasks and protective efficiency of facemasks were examined by using normal surgical facemasks and two facemasks with exhaust valves (Facemask A) and exhaust holes (Facemask B) covered with the same surgical filters situated at the back of the facemasks. Fluorescein-KCl solution was sprayed onto the faces of participants wearing the facemasks and performing intermittent exercises on a treadmill in a climatic chamber. Results: Experimental results showed that when droplets spread onto a person face-to-face over short distances, 92.3% to 99.5% of droplets were blocked by the front surface of the facemask, whereas only 0.5% to 7.7% of droplets reached the back of the facemask. Both facemasks A and B had near or over 99% protection efficiency, compared with that of 95.5% to 97% of surgical facemasks. Using the same filters as normal surgical masks, facemasks A and B provided more effective respiratory protection against communicable respiratory infections such as influenza and SARS by the location of the breathing pathway to the back of the facemasks. Conclusions: Separating the breathing pathway from the virus-contaminated area in facemasks can provide more effective protection against communicable respiratory infections such as influenza and SARS. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 12:56:04 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare; Macclesfield | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 17-27 | |
| Práva | © 2008. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | Num Pages: 17-27 Place: Macclesfield, United Kingdom, Macclesfield Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd. Section: Original Research | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.2147/JMDH.S3019 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZR5JZIZ2 | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 12:56:04 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:14:57 |
| Autor | Y. Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | T. Wong | |
| Autor | J. Chung | |
| Autor | Y. P. Guo | |
| Autor | J. Y. Hu | |
| Autor | Y. T. Guan | |
| Autor | L. Yao | |
| Autor | Q. W. Song | |
| Autor | E. Newton | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2006-12 | |
| Abstrakt | Background The SARS outbreak in 2003 has spawned a major controversy concerning protective performance facemasks for healthcare workers. This study reports a study on in-vivo protective performance of surgical masks and N95 respirators. Methods Typical surgical masks and N95 respirators used in Hong Kong hospitals were tested in comparison with those treated with nano-functional materials (called nano-masks) on various physical properties and in-vivo wear filtration efficiency, as well as usability test in hospitals for surgical masks. Results Tests on physical properties showed that N95 respirators had significantly lower air permeability and water vapor permeability than surgical masks. The in-vivo filtration tests illustrated that N95 respirators filtered out 97% of potassium chloride (KCl) solution, while surgical masks filtered out 95% of KCl solution. Nano-masks show stronger water repellency and antibacterial activities, but no difference in usability, comparing with normal N95 and surgical masks. Conclusions Surgical masks can provide in-vivo filtration protection of 95% filtration efficiency. N95 respirators provide higher in-vivo filtration efficiency of 97% with significant reduction of air permeability and water vapor permeability. Compared to normal surgical masks/respirators, the nano-masks can provide additional protective functions in stopping capillary diffusion and antibacterial activities. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | |
| Přístup | 19. 5. 2020 10:47:11 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Industrial Medicine | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 49 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 1056-1065 | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ajim.20395 | |
| ISSN | 1097-0274 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/ajim.20395 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ATZHVQZ5 | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 5. 2020 10:47:11 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:59:51 |
| Autor | Jeffrey F. Williams | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jeremy C. Suess | |
| Autor | Michelle M. Cooper | |
| Autor | Jose I. Santiago | |
| Autor | T.-Y. Chen | |
| Autor | Charles D. Mackenzie | |
| Autor | Carol Fleiger | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2006-11 | |
| Abstrakt | With the resurgence of infectious diseases, the growing problem of hospital-acquired infections has raised suspicion about the role of textiles as vectors of disease agents. Correspondingly, expectations have arisen about technological solutions to this potential hazard, in the form of functional textiles with built-in antimicrobial power to inactivate disease agents that may contaminate healthcare garments and other textile fiber surfaces and devices. We review those expectations here, with particular emphasis on the current spectrum of pathogens ideally targeted by these antimicrobial properties, the kinds of infectious disease challenges faced in contemporary healthcare workplaces, and the evidence for healthcare textiles having a role in institutional transmission of them. The options available for introducing useful levels of function to textile fibers are discussed, with special reference to new findings on rechargeable N halamine-based textile finishes, and the extent to which they may match the emerging standards for utility and performance of antimicrobial functions. Prospects for adoption of preventive measures based on protective garments and functional surfaces are reviewed, in light of the difficulties in quantifying the impact of antimicrobial textile products in an environment where there are so many contributing causes of the problem. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 13:07:05 | |
| Publikace | Research Journal of Textile and Apparel; Hong Kong | |
| Krátký název | Antimicrobial Functionality of Healthcare Textiles | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 1-12 | |
| Práva | Copyright Research Journal of Textile and Apparel Nov 2006 | |
| Extra | Num Pages: 12 Place: Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Hong Kong Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited | |
| ISSN | 1560-6074 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1108/RJTA-10-04-2006-B001 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HYC9XKC2 | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 13:07:05 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:40:41 |
| Autor | Ariaki Nagayama | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2006-04-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Recently we have heard warnings of an outbreak of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1). Although, to prevent such infections we must prepare anti-viral drugs and type-specific vaccines against influenza, we need various simple and effective protection methods, such as the use of face masks for public health. Also, in any consideration of bacterial infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP) also pose serious concerns which must be addressed. I examined the antiviral activity of gentian violet (GV) and GV-dyed cloth against the influenza A (H1N1) virus. Time-kill studies were carried out, and the virus titer was determined based on the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of GV against bacteria were also determined, and the killing activities of the GV-dyed cloth were judged from viable cell counts. GV immediately killed the influenza A virus and this was confirmed by electron microscopy. Moreover, cloth dyed with a combination of GV and copper showed not only excellent antiviral activity but also prominent bactericidal activities. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 14:59:20 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 73-79 | |
| ISSN | 1437-7780 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J Infect Chemother | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10156-005-0426-7 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Z63SU28T | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 14:59:20 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 11:59:56 |
| Autor | Hiroaki Kariwa | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Nobuhiro Fujii | |
| Autor | Ikuo Takashima | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2006-02 | |
| Abstrakt | The efficacy of several povidone-iodine (PVP-I) products, a number of other chemical agents and various physical conditions were evaluated for their ability to inactivate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Treatment of SARS-CoV with PVP-I products for 2 min reduced the virus infectivity from 1.17 × 10^6 TCID 50 /ml to below the detectable level. The efficacy of 70% ethanol was equivalent to that of PVP-I products. Fixation of SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells with a fixative including formalin, glutaraldehyde, methanol and acetone for 5 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Heating the virus at 56°C for 60 min or longer reduced the infectivity of the virus from 2.6 × 10^7 to undetectable levels. Irradiation with ultraviolet light at 134 µW/cm^2 for 15 min reduced the infectivity from 3.8 × 10^7 to 180 TCID 50/ml; however, prolonged irradiation (60 min) failed to eliminate the remaining virus, leaving 18.8 TCID 50/ml. | |
| Přístup | 18. 5. 2020 14:21:27 | |
| Publikace | Dermatology | |
| Jazyk | english | |
| Ročník | 212 | |
| Číslo | Suppl. 1 | |
| Rozsah | 119-123 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Karger Publishers PMID: 16490989 | |
| ISSN | 1421-9832 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.karger.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | DRM | |
| DOI | 10.1159/000089211 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Q8R4L94R | |
| Datum přidání | 18. 5. 2020 14:21:27 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 12:00:00 |