Separace diluátu a koncentrátu v modulu šokové elektrodialýzy
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Abstract
Teorie šokové elektrodialýzy (SED) slibuje efektivní desalinaci vody v jednom kroku. Tato metoda by mohla být průlomovou technologií pro energetický průmysl, kde jsou vysoké nároky na čistotu vody. Konstrukce modulu šokové elektrodialýzy nás staví před mnoho problémů. Jedna z největších výzev je zatěsnění celého zařízení. Tímto problémem trpí i mnoho zařízení klasické elektrodialýzy. Při našem výzkumu jsme použili mnoho různých materiálů a metod. Snažili jsme se vyhledat dostupné informace o teorii šokové elektrodialýzy a příslušných jevech, abychom je mohli použít pro vývoj našeho modulu. Separace diluátu a koncentrátu je závislá na těchto jevech: elektroosmotický tok (EOF), elektroosmotická nestabilita (EOI), iontová koncentrační polarizace (ICP) a nadlimitní proudy (OLC). Pro popis šokové elektrodialýzy jsou také velmi důležitým matematickým nástrojem metody charakteristiky. V zařízení šokové elektrodialýzy hraje důležitou roli porézní médium. Uvedené jevy (EOF, EOI, ICP) byly popsané v pórech menších než 10 nm, ale později dokázány Zaltsmanem pro porézní materiály s póry 1500 nm. Cílem této práce je spojit teorii s našimi experimenty, vyvinout modul šokové elektrodialýzy, který bude možné nadále zvětšovat pro vyšší průtoky, a především nalézt odběrné místo pro diluát. V dosavadních experimentech jsme dosáhli 26-99 % odsolení v závislosti na podmínkách experimentů.
Theory of shock electrodialysis (SED) promises effective one-step desalination of water. This method could be the breakthrough technology for energy industry, where superclean water is requested. We face many challenges during construction of SED unit. Sealing the whole unit is crucial as many electrodialysis units used in industry still suffers from this problem. Many methods and materials were used during our experiments. We have researched theoretical features of the shock electrodialysis. We try to understand them and use them in development of our unit. Separation of diluate and concentrate stream highly depends on such phenomena as electroosmotic flow (EOF), electroosmotic instability (EOI), ion concentration polarization (ICP) and overlimiting current (OLC). Mathematical apparatus for description of shock waves method of characteristic is also very important. Porous material is located in the centre of the unit. Phenomena (EOF, EOI, ICP, OLC) present in the material were described in pores smaller than 10nm, and approved by Zaltsman, for porous materials of 1-500 nm diameter. The aim of this study is to unite theory with our observation, develop the scale-up of shock electrodialysis modul and localize sampling spot for diluate. We were able to achieve 26-99% of salt rejection in batch mode process depending on experimental conditions.
Theory of shock electrodialysis (SED) promises effective one-step desalination of water. This method could be the breakthrough technology for energy industry, where superclean water is requested. We face many challenges during construction of SED unit. Sealing the whole unit is crucial as many electrodialysis units used in industry still suffers from this problem. Many methods and materials were used during our experiments. We have researched theoretical features of the shock electrodialysis. We try to understand them and use them in development of our unit. Separation of diluate and concentrate stream highly depends on such phenomena as electroosmotic flow (EOF), electroosmotic instability (EOI), ion concentration polarization (ICP) and overlimiting current (OLC). Mathematical apparatus for description of shock waves method of characteristic is also very important. Porous material is located in the centre of the unit. Phenomena (EOF, EOI, ICP, OLC) present in the material were described in pores smaller than 10nm, and approved by Zaltsman, for porous materials of 1-500 nm diameter. The aim of this study is to unite theory with our observation, develop the scale-up of shock electrodialysis modul and localize sampling spot for diluate. We were able to achieve 26-99% of salt rejection in batch mode process depending on experimental conditions.
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Subject(s)
šoková elektrodialýza, membrána, desalinace, nadlimitní proud, modul, koncentrát, diluát, shock electrodialysis, membrane, desalination, overlimiting current, unit, concentrate, diluate