| Autor | Carol George | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Gerhard Scheuch | |
| Autor | Ulf Seifart | |
| Autor | Leeberk Inbaraj | |
| Autor | Sindhulina Chandrasingh | |
| Autor | Indu Nair | |
| Autor | Anthony Hickey | |
| Autor | Mike Barer | |
| Autor | Eve Fletcher | |
| Autor | Rachel Field | |
| Autor | Jonathan Salzman | |
| Autor | Nathan Moelis | |
| Autor | Dennis Ausiello | |
| Autor | David Edwards | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-12-16 | |
| Abstrakt | Dirty air and poor access to healthcare threatens the lives of billions of people in low-income regions of the world. We investigated whether upper-airway hydration might alter two-phase flow in the airways on normal tidal breathing and be a useful, safe, easily distributed non-drug intervention for limiting risks of COVID-19. In observational human volunteer studies involving 464 human subjects in Marburg, Germany (357 normal subjects), Boston, US (20 healthy subjects), and Bangalore, India (87 subjects recently tested positive for COVID-19), we find that respiratory droplet generation increases by up to 4 orders of magnitude with up to 1% total body mass dehydration (n=20), and in dehydration-associated states of advanced age (n=357), elevated BMI-age (n=148), and SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=87). Hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea in a protocol of exercise-induced dehydration by the nasal inhalation of calcium-rich hypertonic salt droplets of mean diameter 8-12 μm diminished respiratory droplet numbers and increased oxygenation relative to a non-treatment control (P | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 12:50:02 | |
| URL | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1089497/v1 | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1089497/v1 ISSN: 2693-5015 Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | Research Square | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N8G5RLS5 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 12:50:02 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:59:15 |
| Autor | Arghyanir Giri | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Neelakash Biswas | |
| Autor | Danielle L. Chase | |
| Autor | Nan Xue | |
| Autor | Manouk Abkarian | |
| Autor | Simon Mendez | |
| Autor | Sandeep Saha | |
| Autor | Howard A. Stone | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-16 | |
| Abstrakt | Air exchange between people has emerged in the COVID-19 pandemic as the important vector for transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We study the airflow and exchange between two unmasked individuals conversing face-to-face at short range, which can potentially transfer a high dose of a pathogen, because the dilution is small when compared to long-range airborne transmission. We conduct flow visualization experiments and direct numerical simulations of colliding respiratory jets mimicking the initial phase of a conversation. The evolution and dynamics of the jets are affected by the vertical offset between the mouths of the speakers. At low offsets the head-on collision of jets results in a `blocking effect', temporarily shielding the susceptible speaker from the pathogen carrying jet, although, the lateral spread of the jets is enhanced. Sufficiently large offsets prevent the interaction of the jets. At intermediate offsets (8-10 cm for 1 m separation), jet entrainment and the inhaled breath assist the transport of the pathogen-loaded saliva droplets towards the susceptible speaker's mouth. Air exchange is expected, in spite of the blocking effect arising from the interaction of the respiratory jets from the two speakers. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 12:57:24 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Fluid Mechanics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 930 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cambridge University Press | |
| ISSN | 1469-7645 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Cambridge University Press | |
| DOI | 10.1017/jfm.2021.915 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WCQI8YI7 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 12:57:24 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:58:41 |
| Autor | Mouhammad El Hassan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hassan Assoum | |
| Autor | Nikolay Bukharin | |
| Autor | Huda Al Otaibi | |
| Autor | Md Mofijur | |
| Autor | Anas Sakout | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-10 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 pandemic has recently had a dramatic impact on society. The understanding of the disease transmission is of high importance to limit its spread between humans. The spread of the virus in air strongly depends on the flow dynamics of the human airflows. It is, however, known that predicting the flow dynamics of the human airflows can be challenging due to different particles sizes and the turbulent aspect of the flow regime. It is thus recommended to present a deep analysis of different human airflows based on the existing experimental investigations. A validation of the existing numerical predictions of such flows would be of high interest to further develop the existing numerical model for different flow configurations. This paper presents a literature review of the experimental and numerical studies on human airflows, including sneezing, coughing and breathing. The dynamics of these airflows for different droplet sizes is discussed. The influence of other parameters, such as the viscosity and relative humidity, on the germs transmission is also presented. Finally, the efficacy of using a facemask in limiting the transmission of COVID-19 is investigated. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:10:46 | |
| Publikace | The European Physical Journal Plus | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 137 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 1 | |
| ISSN | 2190-5444 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Eur. Phys. J. Plus | |
| DOI | 10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02162-9 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/V5V2BIZH | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 14:10:46 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:10:52 |
| Autor | Alessio Buonavoglia | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Michele Camero | |
| Autor | Gianvito Lanave | |
| Autor | Cristiana Catella | |
| Autor | Claudia Maria Trombetta | |
| Autor | Maria Giovanna Gandolfi | |
| Autor | Gerardo Palazzo | |
| Autor | Vito Martella | |
| Autor | Carlo Prati | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can occur through saliva and aerosol droplets deriving from the upper aerodigestive tract during coughing, sneezing, talking, and even during oral inspection or dental procedures. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro virucidal activity of commercial and experimental mouthwashes against a feline coronavirus (FCoV) strain. Commercial and experimental (commercial-based products with addition of either sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or thymus vulgaris essential oil (TEO) at different concentrations) mouthwashes were placed in contact with FCoV for different time intervals, that is, 30 s (T30), 60 s (T60), and 180 s (T180); subsequently, the virus was titrated on Crandell Reese Feline Kidney cells. An SDS-based commercial mouthwash reduced the viral load by 5 log10 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID)50/50 µl at T30 while a cetylpyridinium (CPC)-based commercial mouthwash was able to reduce the viral titer of 4.75 log10 at T60. Furthermore, five experimental mouthwashes supplemented with SDS reduced the viral titer by 4.75–5 log10 according to a dose- (up to 4 mM) and time-dependent fashion. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 11:21:04 | |
| Publikace | Oral Diseases | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/odi.14067 | |
| ISSN | 1601-0825 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1111/odi.14067 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XTGV2EHS | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 11:21:04 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 16:38:45 |
| Autor | Pengcheng Du | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Chuan Song | |
| Autor | Rui Li | |
| Autor | Yangzi Song | |
| Autor | Jiarui Li | |
| Autor | Nan Ding | |
| Autor | Ju Zhang | |
| Autor | Rui Song | |
| Autor | Junyan Han | |
| Autor | Guiju Gao | |
| Autor | Jinglin Yue | |
| Autor | Ang Duan | |
| Autor | Yanyi Huang | |
| Autor | Jing An | |
| Autor | Jianbin Wang | |
| Autor | Fujie Zhang | |
| Autor | Chen Chen | |
| Autor | Hui Zeng | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Intrahost analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic sequences identified 2 viral haplotypes comprised of 3 genetically linked mutations from the respiratory and intestinal tracts of a patient with coronavirus disease 2019. Spatiotemporal data suggest that this patient initially had dual infection of 2 SARS-CoV-2 variants, which subsequently redistributed into the 2 systems. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 12:39:41 | |
| Publikace | Clinical Infectious Diseases | |
| Ročník | 73 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | e2814-e2817 | |
| ISSN | 1058-4838 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Clinical Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1093/cid/ciaa1617 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QVPRQ82A | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 12:39:41 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:59:53 |
| Autor | Laura Heireman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Steven Abrams | |
| Autor | Peggy Bruynseels | |
| Autor | Reinoud Cartuyvels | |
| Autor | Lize Cuypers | |
| Autor | Pieter De Schouwer | |
| Autor | Wim Laffut | |
| Autor | Katrien Lagrou | |
| Autor | Niel Hens | |
| Autor | Erwin Ho | |
| Autor | Elizaveta Padalko | |
| Autor | Marijke Reynders | |
| Autor | Sarah Vandamme | |
| Autor | Nathalie Van der Moeren | |
| Autor | Walter Verstrepen | |
| Autor | Philippe Willems | |
| Autor | Reinout Naesens | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction The incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the Belgian community is mainly estimated based on test results of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-like symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity ratio and distribution of viral loads within a cohort of asymptomatic patients screened prior hospitalization or surgery, stratified by age category. Materials/Methods We retrospectively studied data on SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR detection in respiratory tract samples of asymptomatic patients screened pre-hospitalization or pre-surgery in nine Belgian hospitals located in Flanders over a 12-month period (1 April 2020–31 March 2021). Results In total, 255925 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results and 2421 positive results for which a viral load was reported, were included in this study. An unweighted overall SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR positivity ratio of 1.27% was observed with strong spatiotemporal differences. SARS-CoV-2 circulated predominantly in 80+ year old individuals across all time periods except between the first and second COVID-19 wave and in 20–30 year old individuals before the second COVID-19 wave. In contrast to the first wave, a significantly higher positivity ratio was observed for the 20–40 age group in addition to the 80+ age group compared to the other age groups during the second wave. The median viral load follows a similar temporal evolution as the positivity rate with an increase ahead of the second wave and highest viral loads observed for 80+ year old individuals. Conclusion There was a high SARS-CoV-2 circulation among asymptomatic patients with a predominance and highest viral loads observed in the elderly. Moreover, ahead of the second COVID-19 wave an increase in median viral load was noted with the highest overall positivity ratio observed in 20–30 year old individuals, indicating they could have been the hidden drivers of this wave. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 10:29:39 | |
| Publikace | PLoS One | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Práva | © 2021 Heireman et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science Section: Research Article | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0259908 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/89QHQ675 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:29:39 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 11:30:09 |
| Autor | Krzysztof Pyrć | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Aleksandra Milewska | |
| Autor | Emilia Barreto Duran | |
| Autor | Paweł Botwina | |
| Autor | Agnieszka Dabrowska | |
| Autor | Malwina Jedrysik | |
| Autor | Malgorzata Benedyk | |
| Autor | Rui Lopes | |
| Autor | Alejandro Arenas-Pinto | |
| Autor | Moutaz Badr | |
| Autor | Ryan Mellor | |
| Autor | Tammy L. Kalber | |
| Autor | Delmiro Fernandez-Reyes | |
| Autor | Andreas G. Schätzlein | |
| Autor | Ijeoma F. Uchegbu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-08 | |
| Abstrakt | There are currently no cures for coronavirus infections, making the prevention of infections the only course open at the present time. The COVID-19 pandemic has been difficult to prevent, as the infection is spread by respiratory droplets and thus effective, scalable and safe preventive interventions are urgently needed. We hypothesise that preventing viral entry into mammalian nasal epithelial cells may be one way to limit the spread of COVID-19. Here we show that N-palmitoyl-N-monomethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-6-O-glycolchitosan (GCPQ), a positively charged polymer that has been through an extensive Good Laboratory Practice toxicology screen, is able to reduce the infectivity of SARS-COV-2 in A549ACE2+ and Vero E6 cells with a log removal value of − 3 to − 4 at a concentration of 10–100 μg/ mL (p < 0.05 compared to untreated controls) and to limit infectivity in human airway epithelial cells at a concentration of 500 μg/ mL (p < 0.05 compared to untreated controls). In vivo studies using transgenic mice expressing the ACE-2 receptor, dosed nasally with SARS-COV-2 (426,000 TCID50/mL) showed a trend for nasal GCPQ (20 mg/kg) to inhibit viral load in the respiratory tract and brain, although the study was not powered to detect statistical significance. GCPQ’s electrostatic binding to the virus, preventing viral entry into the host cells, is the most likely mechanism of viral inhibition. Radiolabelled GCPQ studies in mice show that at a dose of 10 mg/kg, GCPQ has a long residence time in mouse nares, with 13.1% of the injected dose identified from SPECT/CT in the nares, 24 h after nasal dosing. With a no observed adverse effect level of 18 mg/kg in rats, following a 28-day repeat dose study, clinical testing of this polymer, as a COVID-19 prophylactic is warranted. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 10:40:56 | |
| Publikace | Scientific Reports | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 20012 | |
| Práva | 2021 The Author(s) | |
| Extra | Bandiera_abtest: a Cc_license_type: cc_by Cg_type: Nature Research Journals Number: 1 Primary_atype: Research Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Subject_term: Biomedical materials;Viral infection Subject_term_id: biomedical-materials;viral-infection | |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.nature.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sci Rep | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-021-99404-8 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NLPHA565 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:40:56 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 11:29:21 |
| Autor | Yashpal Rana | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Pudhiavan Arunachalam | |
| Autor | Onkar Auti | |
| Autor | Vimal Raj | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Patients with known comorbidities are shown to have poor outcomes with COVID-19.[7] [9] One would imagine that patients who have lung damage secondary to prior infections, such as tuberculosis (TB) or emphysema, may have worse lung involvement with COVID-19 and take a longer time for recovery. Over the last few months, we have found evidence that contradicts the above supposition. In various imaging discussions on COVID-19, interesting multicentric observations are drawn which depict that the lung parenchyma which is previously affected by lung pathologies, such as TB, cystic bronchiectasis/fibrosis, emphysema, and others, show relative sparing or lesser degree of involvement of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2021 15:55:52 | |
| Publikace | Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging | |
| Krátký název | Are Damaged Lungs Protected from COVID-19? | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India | |
| Extra | Publisher: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. | |
| ISSN | 1998-3808 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.thieme-connect.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Indian J Radiol Imaging | |
| DOI | 10.1055/s-0041-1735917 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Z6VHRFDN | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 15:55:52 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:09:18 |
| Autor | Xiaorui Deng | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Guangcai Gong | |
| Autor | Xizhi He | |
| Autor | Xing Shi | |
| Autor | Lan Mo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the importance of understanding and controlling the spread of the coronavirus between persons. We experimentally and numerically investigated an advanced engineering and environmental method on controlling the transmission of airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols in the breathing microenvironment between two persons during interactive breathing process by combining the limited space air stability and a ventilation method. Experiments were carried out in a full-scale ventilated room with different limited space air stability conditions, i.e., stable condition, neutral condition and unstable condition. Two real humans were involved to conducted normal breathing process in the room and the exhaled carbon dioxide was used as the surrogate of infectious airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols from respiratory activities. A correspondent numerical model was established to visualize the temperature field and contaminated field in the test room. Results show that the performance of a ventilation system on removing infectious airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols from the interpersonal breathing microenvironment is dependent on the limited space air stability conditions. Appropriate ventilation method should be implemented based on an evaluation of the air condition. It is recommended that total volume ventilation methods are suitable for unstable and neutral conditions and local ventilation methods are preferable for stable conditions. This study provides an insight into the transmission of airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols between persons in ventilated rooms with different limited space air stability conditions. Useful guidance has been provided to cope with COVID-19 in limited spaces. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2021 15:22:17 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Environmental Sciences | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 108 | |
| Rozsah | 175-187 | |
| ISSN | 1001-0742 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Environmental Sciences | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jes.2021.01.025 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6DGJ82SQ | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 15:22:17 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:10:07 |
| Autor | Bissera Pilicheva | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Radka Boyuklieva | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Despite the progress made in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, it still poses dramatic challenges for scientists around the world. Various approaches are applied, including repurposed medications and alternative routes for administration. Several vaccines have been approved, and many more are under clinical and preclinical investigation. This review aims to systemize the available information and to outline the key therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, based on the nasal route of administration. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 10:37:51 | |
| Publikace | Pharmaceutics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 10 | |
| Rozsah | 1612 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 10 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101612 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QGL5S2UU | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:37:51 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 11:29:40 |
| Autor | Adriana Gaspar-Rodriguez | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ana Padilla-Gonzalez | |
| Autor | Evelyn Rivera-Toledo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Emerging human coronaviruses, including the recently identified SARS-CoV-2, are relevant respiratory pathogens due to their potential to cause epidemics with high case fatality rates, although endemic coronaviruses are also important for immunocompromised patients. Long-term coronavirus infections had been described mainly in experimental models, but it is currently evident that SARS-CoV-2 genomic-RNA can persist for many weeks in the respiratory tract of some individuals clinically recovered from coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19), despite a lack of isolation of infectious virus. It is still not clear whether persistence of such viral RNA may be pathogenic for the host and related to long-term sequelae. In this review, we summarize evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA persistence in respiratory samples besides results obtained from cell culture and histopathology describing long-term coronavirus infection. We also comment on potential mechanisms of coronavirus persistence and relevance for pathogenesis. (c) 2021 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 12:40:23 | |
| Publikace | Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| Krátký název | Coronavirus persistence in human respiratory tract and cell culture | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 25 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 101632 | |
| Extra | Place: Rio De Janeiro Publisher: Elsevier Brazil WOS:000724926900004 | |
| ISSN | 1413-8670 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Braz. J. Infect. Dis. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101632 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZHBFQIR4 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 12:40:23 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:59:35 |
| Autor | Aida Kusiak | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dominika Cicho | |
| Autor | Monika Tubaja | |
| Autor | Andrzej Skorek | |
| Autor | Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa | |
| Autor | Giulia Corrao | |
| Autor | Giulia Marvaso | |
| Autor | Daniela Alterio | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a recently discovered coronavirus, which in 2020 led to a global pandemic. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are very diverse and symptoms range from mild to severe. Correlated symptoms might also manifest in the oral cavity, which is a potential pathway for viral infection, and therefore might be a potential pathway for SARSCoV-2. In recent research among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, taste and olfactory disorders, dry mouth, drones and inflammation of mouth, bitter taste in mouth, difficulty in swallowing and burning sensations have been reported. There have been cases of oral mucosal lesions in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease. Some correlations between periodontitis and severity of COVID-19 disease have also been observed. Oral mucosa, due to occurrence of ACE2 receptors, is highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The occurrence of changes on oral mucosa should increase the alertness of dental practitioners. However, knowledge in this area is still limited and in the field of oral manifestations of COVID-19 more research and patient observations are required. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 12:40:33 | |
| Publikace | Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 41 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 395-400 | |
| Extra | Place: Pisa Publisher: Pacini Editore WOS:000719078700002 | |
| ISSN | 0392-100X | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. | |
| DOI | 10.14639/0392-100X-N1584 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4JJCZJ94 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 12:40:33 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:59:03 |
| Autor | Bin Zheng | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Wenchang Peng | |
| Autor | Mingming Guo | |
| Autor | Mengqian Huang | |
| Autor | Yuxuan Gu | |
| Autor | Tao Wang | |
| Autor | Guangjian Ni | |
| Autor | Dong Ming | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-15 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 seriously threatens global public health. It has previously been confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted between people through “respiratory droplets”. Therefore, the respiratory tract mucosa is the first barrier to prevent virus invasion. It is very important to stimulate mucosal immunity to protect the body from respiratory virus infection. Inspired by this, we designed a bionic-virus nanovaccine, which can induce mucosal immunity by nasal delivery to prevent virus infection from respiratory tract. The nanovaccine that mimic virosome is composed of poly(I:C) mimicking viral genetic material as immune adjuvant, biomimetic pulmonary surfactant (bio-PS) liposomes as capsid structure of virus and the receptor binding domains (RBDs) of SARS-CoV-2 as “spike” to completely simulate the structure of the coronavirus. The nanovaccine can be administered by inhaling to imitate the process of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the respiratory tract. Our results demonstrated that the inhalable nanovaccine with bionic virus-like structure has a stronger mucosal protective effect than routine muscle and subcutaneous inoculation. In particular, high titer of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was detected in respiratory secretions, which effectively neutralize the virus and prevent it from entering the body through the respiratory tract. Through imitating the structure and route of infection, this inhalable nanovaccine strategy might inspire a new approach to the precaution of respiratory viruses. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 10:43:49 | |
| Publikace | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 418 | |
| Rozsah | 129392 | |
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129392 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RB7BMHSE | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 10:43:50 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:09:10 |
| Autor | Seth A. Hawks | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Aaron J. Prussin | |
| Autor | Sarah C. Kuchinsky | |
| Autor | Jin Pan | |
| Autor | Linsey C. Marr | |
| Autor | Nisha K. Duggal | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-08-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are transmitted in respiratory droplets and aerosols, which are released during talking, breathing, coughing, and sneezing. Non-contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated, suggesting transmission in aerosols. Here we demonstrate that golden Syrian hamsters emit infectious SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols, prior to and concurrent with the onset of mild clinical signs of disease. The average emission rate is 25 infectious virions/hour on days 1 and 2 post-inoculation, with average viral RNA levels 200-fold higher than infectious virus in aerosols. Female hamsters have delayed kinetics of viral shedding in aerosols compared to male hamsters, with peak viral emission for females on dpi 2 and for males on dpi 1. The majority of virus is contained within aerosols <8 µm in size. Thus, we provide direct evidence that, in hamsters, SARS-CoV-2 is an airborne virus. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:55 | |
| URL | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.10.455702v1 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.08.10.455702 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), CC BY-NC 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Company: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.10.455702 Distributor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Label: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | bioRxiv | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QBMJ4EHC | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:55 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:55 |
| Autor | Sébastien Boutin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dagmar Hildebrand | |
| Autor | Steeve Boulant | |
| Autor | Michael Kreuter | |
| Autor | Jule Rüter | |
| Autor | Srinivas Reddy Pallerla | |
| Autor | Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan | |
| Autor | Dennis Nurjadi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-01 | |
| Abstrakt | SARS-CoV-2 is the virus causing the major pandemic facing the world today. Although, SARS-CoV-2 primarily causes lung infection, a variety of symptoms have proven a systemic impact on the body. SARS-CoV-2 has spread in the community quickly infecting humans from all age, ethnicities and gender. However, fatal outcomes have been linked to specific host factors and co-morbidities such as age, hypertension, immuno-deficiencies, chronic lung diseases or metabolic disorders. A major shift in the microbiome of patients suffering of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have also been observed and is linked to a worst outcome of the disease. As many co-morbidities are already known to be associated with a dysbiosis of the microbiome such as hypertension, diabetes and metabolic disorders. Host factors and microbiome changes are believed to be involved as a network in the acquisition of the infection and the development of the diseases. We will review in detail in this manuscript, the immune response toward SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the host factors involved in the facilitation and worsening of the infection. We will also address the impact of COVID-19 on the host’s microbiome and secondary infection which also worsen the disease. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 10:48:57 | |
| Publikace | Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 78 | |
| Číslo | 16 | |
| Rozsah | 5953-5976 | |
| ISSN | 1420-9071 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Cell. Mol. Life Sci. | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00018-021-03889-5 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6X2MCM8Z | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 10:48:57 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:21:08 |
| Autor | Mohammad S. Islam | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Puchanee Larpruenrudee | |
| Autor | Suvash C. Saha | |
| Autor | Oveis Pourmehran | |
| Autor | Akshoy Ranjan Paul | |
| Autor | Tevfik Gemci | |
| Autor | Richard Collins | |
| Autor | Gunther Paul | |
| Autor | Yuantong Gu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 causes significant respirational health problems, including high mortality rates worldwide. The deadly corona virus-containing aerosol enters the atmospheric air through sneezing, exhalation, or talking, assembling with the particulate matter, and subsequently transferring to the respiratory system. This recent outbreak illustrates that the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 is deadlier for aged people than for other age groups. It is evident that the airway diameter reduces with age, and an accurate understanding of SARS aerosol transport through different elderly people's airways could potentially help the overall respiratory health assessment, which is currently lacking in the literature. This first-ever study investigates SARS COVID-2 aerosol transport in age-specific airway systems. A highly asymmetric age-specific airway model and fluent solver (ANSYS 19.2) are used for the investigation. The computational fluid dynamics measurement predicts higher SARS COVID-2 aerosol concentration in the airway wall for older adults than for younger people. The numerical study reports that the smaller SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol deposition rate in the right lung is higher than that in the left lung, and the opposite scenario occurs for the larger SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol rate. The numerical results show a fluctuating trend of pressure at different generations of the age-specific model. The findings of this study would improve the knowledge of SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol transportation to the upper airways which would thus ameliorate the targeted aerosol drug delivery system. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2021 15:47:48 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Ročník | 33 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 081911 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0061627 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZBEBUY7N | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 15:47:48 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:09:49 |
| Autor | R. Ramasamy | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as with the influenza virus, has been shown to spread more rapidly during winter. Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can follow SARS-CoV-2 infection, disproportionately affects older persons and males as well as people living in temperate zone countries with a tropical ancestry. Recent evidence on the importance of adequately warming and humidifying (conditioning) inhaled air in the nasal cavity for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in the upper respiratory tract (URT) is discussed, with particular reference to: (i) the relevance of air-borne SARS-CoV-2 transmission, (ii) the nasal epithelium as the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection, (iii) the roles of type 1 and 3 interferons for preventing viral infection of URT epithelial cells, (iv) weaker innate immune responses to respiratory viral infections in URT epithelial cells at suboptimal temperature and humidity, and (v) early innate immune responses in the URT for limiting and eliminating SARS-CoV-2 infections. The available data are consistent with optimal nasal air conditioning reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity of the URT and, as a consequence, severe COVID-19. Further studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and viral loads in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in relation to inhaled air temperature, humidity, age, gender, and genetic background are needed in this context. Face masks used for reducing air-borne virus transmission can also promote better nasal air conditioning in cold weather. Masks can, thereby, minimise SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and are particularly relevant for protecting more vulnerable persons from severe COVID-19. © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Molecular Sciences | |
| Ročník | 22 | |
| Číslo | 15 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijms22157919 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6N9C4YQA | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:11:38 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:25:34 |
| Autor | Jialin Wu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Wenguo Weng | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 virus can replicate in the infected individual's larynx independently, which is different from other viruses that replicate in lungs only, e.g. SARS. It might contribute to the fast spread of COVID-19. However, there are few scientific reports about quantitative comparison of COVID-19 exposure dose (inhalation dose and adhesion dose) for the susceptible individual when the viruses were released from the larynx or lungs. In this paper, a typical numerical model was built based on a breathing human model with real respiratory tract. By using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, two kinds of virus released sites in the infected individual's respiratory tract (larynx, lungs), seven kinds of particle sizes between 1 and 50 mu m, three kinds of expiratory flow rates: calm (10 L/min), moderate (30 L/min) and intense (90 L/min) were used to compare the particle deposition proportion and escape proportion. The inhalation dose and the adhesion dose of the susceptible individual were quantified. The results showed that COVID-19 virus-containing droplets and aerosols might be released into the environment at higher proportions (39.1%-44.2%) than viruses that replicate in lungs only (15.3%-37.1%). The exposure doses (inhalation dose and adhesion dose) of the susceptible individual in different situations were discussed. The susceptible individual suffered a higher exposure dose when the viruses were released from the larynx rather than lungs (the difference for 1 mu m particles was 1.2-2.2 times). This study provides a possible explanation for the higher transmission risk of COVID-19 virus compared to other viruses and some control advice of COVID-19 in typical indoor environments were also discussed. | |
| Publikace | Environmental Research | |
| Ročník | 199 | |
| Rozsah | 111361 | |
| Extra | WOS:000663722800004 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111361 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NNA88CCI | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:23:18 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:24:49 |
| Autor | Anubama Rajan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ashley Morgan Weaver | |
| Autor | Gina Marie Aloisio | |
| Autor | Joseph Jelinski | |
| Autor | Hannah L. Johnson | |
| Autor | Susan F. Venable | |
| Autor | Trevor McBride | |
| Autor | Letisha Aideyan | |
| Autor | Felipe-Andrés Piedra | |
| Autor | Xunyan Ye | |
| Autor | Ernestina Melicoff-Portillo | |
| Autor | Malli Rama Kanthi Yerramilli | |
| Autor | Xi-Lei Zeng | |
| Autor | Michael A. Mancini | |
| Autor | Fabio Stossi | |
| Autor | Anthony W. Maresso | |
| Autor | Shalaka A. Kotkar | |
| Autor | Mary K. Estes | |
| Autor | Sarah Blutt | |
| Autor | Vasanthi Avadhanula | |
| Autor | Pedro A. Piedra | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-07-28 | |
| Abstrakt | There is an unmet need for pre-clinical models to understand the pathogenesis of human respiratory viruses; and predict responsiveness to immunotherapies. Airway organoids can serve as an ex-vivo human airway model to study respiratory viral pathogenesis; however, they rely on invasive techniques to obtain patient samples. Here, we report a non-invasive technique to generate human nose organoids (HNOs) as an alternate to biopsy derived organoids. We made air liquid interface (ALI) cultures from HNOs and assessed infection with two major human respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infected HNO-ALI cultures recapitulate aspects of RSV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, including viral shedding, ciliary damage, innate immune responses, and mucus hyper-secretion. Next, we evaluated the feasibility of the HNO-ALI respiratory virus model system to test the efficacy of palivizumab to prevent RSV infection. Palivizumab was administered in the basolateral compartment (circulation) while viral infection occurred in the apical ciliated cells (airways), simulating the events in infants. In our model, palivizumab effectively prevented RSV infection in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, the HNO-ALI model can serve as an alternate to lung organoids to study respiratory viruses and testing therapeutics. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 8:53:12 | |
| URL | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.453844v1 | |
| Krátký název | The human nose organoid respiratory virus model | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.07.28.453844 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Company: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.28.453844 Distributor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Label: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | bioRxiv | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N754DLQK | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 8:53:12 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 8:53:12 |
| Autor | Moria Lichtenstein | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sondra Turjerman | |
| Autor | Jayant M. Pinto | |
| Autor | Orna Barash | |
| Autor | Omry Koren | |
| Editor | Jotham Suez | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Among the many products of metabolic processes are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the airways, these volatile metabolites are emitted through breathing and thus are easily sampled for analysis. Recent work has connected the functions and structure of the human microbiome with health and disease. Alteration in microbial function in this context can result in differences in metabolite composition, including that of VOCs, presenting the possibility of a new noninvasive method for clinical diagnosis. Screening methods that assess VOCs arising from changes in the airway microbiome could be highly useful in diagnosing viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), e.g., COVID-19, which are highly contagious and have an enormous public health impact worldwide. A rapid noninvasive screening test for URTIs would pose major advantages in containing the disease. As early evidence shows that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection alters the human microbiome (both in the gut and the respiratory tract), we propose that detection of a VOC signature of an altered nasal microbiome could be fruitful as a rapid noninvasive measure of URTI in general and of SARS-CoV-2 in particular. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 10:06:33 | |
| Publikace | mSystems | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | e00104-21 | |
| ISSN | 2379-5077 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | mSystems | |
| DOI | 10.1128/mSystems.00104-21 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DKYRCPPJ | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 10:05:02 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:22:48 |
| Autor | Ying Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Melissa Thaler | |
| Autor | Dennis K. Ninaber | |
| Autor | Anne M. van der Does | |
| Autor | Natacha S. Ogando | |
| Autor | Hendrik Beckert | |
| Autor | Christian Taube | |
| Autor | Clarisse Salgado-Benvindo | |
| Autor | Eric J. Snijder | |
| Autor | Peter J. Bredenbeek | |
| Autor | Pieter S. Hiemstra | |
| Autor | Martijn J. van Hemert | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-07-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Infection biology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are incompletely understood. Here, we assessed the impact of airway epithelial cellular composition on infection in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of differentiated primary human tracheal (PTEC) and bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC). We first compared SARS-CoV-2 infection kinetics, related antiviral and inflammatory responses, and viral entry factors in PTEC and PBEC. Next, the contribution of differentiation time was investigated by differentiating ALI-PTEC/PBEC for 3-5 weeks and comparing dynamics of viral replication/spread, cellular composition and epithelial responses. We observed a gradual increase in viral load with prolonged culture duration. Ciliated and goblet cells were predominantly infected in both PTEC and PBEC. Immunofluorescence analysis and RT-qPCR showed that compared to other cell types mainly ciliated and goblet cell numbers were affected by increased culture duration. An increased proportion of these two target cell types was associated with increased viral load. Furthermore, modulation of cellular composition using IL-13 and the Notch signaling inhibitor DAPT, underlined the importance of both ciliated and goblet cells for infection. DAPT treatment resulted in a lower viral load and a relative increase in ciliated cells at the expense of goblet cells, compared to IL-13 treated cultures in which both cell types were present and viral load was higher. In conclusion, our results identify cellular composition as a contributing factor to airway epithelial susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE In this study, we determined an effect of culture duration and airway cellular composition of ALI-PBEC and ALI-PTEC cultures on SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection was increased with prolonged cell culture time and the total percentage and proportion of ciliated and goblet cells played an important role in infection level, suggesting that airway epithelial differentiation/maturation levels may in part determine susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The development of effective therapies either targeting virus replication or pathogenesis against SARS-CoV-2 requires robust cell culture-based infection models to test small molecules and biologicals. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that are essential for reliably modeling SARS-CoV-2-airway epithelial cell interactions. This study sheds light on virus-airway epithelial cell interactions and adds to the complexity of SARS-CoV-2 cell tropism in the airways. In addition, the effect of IL-13 on viral infection hints at a causal connection between SARS-CoV-2 infection and (allergic) asthma. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:35 | |
| URL | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453304v1 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.07.21.453304 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Company: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.21.453304 Distributor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Label: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | bioRxiv | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LWUQRAW7 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:35 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:35 |
| Autor | Ah-Young Lim | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hae-Kwan Cheong | |
| Autor | Yoon Ju Oh | |
| Autor | Jae Kap Lee | |
| Autor | Jae Bum So | |
| Autor | Hyun Jin Kim | |
| Autor | Boram Han | |
| Autor | Sung Won Park | |
| Autor | Yongsun Jang | |
| Autor | Chang Yong Yoon | |
| Autor | Yun Ok Park | |
| Autor | Jong-Hun Kim | |
| Autor | Jin Yong Kim | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective To investigate the duration and peak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shedding as infectivity markers for determining the isolation period. Methods A total of 2,558 upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens from 138 patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease were analyzed. Measurements of sequential viral loads were aggregated using the cubic spline smoothing function of a generalized additive model. The time to negative conversion was compared between symptom groups using survival analysis. Results In URT samples, viral RNA levels peaked on day 4 after symptom onset and rapidly decreased until day 10 for both E and RdRp genes, whereas those in LRT samples immediately peaked from symptom onset and decreased until days 15.6 and 15.0 for E and RdRp genes, respectively. Median (interquartile range) time to negative conversion was significantly longer in symptomatic (18.0 [13.0–25.0] days) patients than in asymptomatic (13.0 [9.5–17.5] days) patients. The more types of symptoms a patient had, the longer the time to negative conversion. Conclusions The viral load rapidly changes depending on the time after symptom onset; the viral shedding period may be longer with more clinical symptoms. Different isolation policies should be applied depending on disease severity. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 13:37:45 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 108 | |
| Rozsah | 428-434 | |
| ISSN | 1201-9712 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.062 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/H8PH64FD | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 13:37:45 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:09:44 |
| Autor | Stéphanie Baggio | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Arnaud G L’Huillier | |
| Autor | Sabine Yerly | |
| Autor | Mathilde Bellon | |
| Autor | Noémie Wagner | |
| Autor | Marie Rohr | |
| Autor | Angela Huttner | |
| Autor | Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner | |
| Autor | Natasha Loevy | |
| Autor | Laurent Kaiser | |
| Autor | Frédérique Jacquerioz | |
| Autor | Isabella Eckerle | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The factors that contribute to transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by children are unclear. We analyzed viral load at the time of diagnosis in 53 children and 352 adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the first 5 days post symptom onset. No significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads were seen between children and adults. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 9:51:16 | |
| Publikace | Clinical Infectious Diseases | |
| Ročník | 73 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 148-150 | |
| ISSN | 1058-4838 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Clinical Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1093/cid/ciaa1157 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RS79LFKR | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:32:19 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:27:11 |
Cited By :7
| Autor | Dieter Munker | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andreas Osterman | |
| Autor | Hans Stubbe | |
| Autor | Maximilian Muenchhoff | |
| Autor | Tobias Veit | |
| Autor | Tobias Weinberger | |
| Autor | Michaela Barnikel | |
| Autor | Jan-Niclas Mumm | |
| Autor | Katrin Milger | |
| Autor | Elham Khatamzas | |
| Autor | Sarah Klauss | |
| Autor | Clemens Scherer | |
| Autor | Johannes C. Hellmuth | |
| Autor | Clemens Giessen-Jung | |
| Autor | Michael Zoller | |
| Autor | Tobias Herold | |
| Autor | Stephanie Stecher | |
| Autor | Enrico N. de Toni | |
| Autor | Christian Schulz | |
| Autor | Nikolaus Kneidinger | |
| Autor | Oliver T. Keppler | |
| Autor | Jürgen Behr | |
| Autor | Julia Mayerle | |
| Autor | Stefan Munker | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-01 | |
| Abstrakt | A fraction of COVID-19 patients progress to a severe disease manifestation with respiratory failure and the necessity of mechanical ventilation. Identifying patients at risk is critical for optimised care and early therapeutic interventions. We investigated the dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding relative to disease severity. We analysed nasopharyngeal and tracheal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in 92 patients with diagnosed COVID-19. Upon admission, standardised nasopharyngeal swab or sputum samples were collected. If patients were mechanically ventilated, endotracheal aspirate samples were additionally obtained. Viral shedding was quantified by real-time PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. 45% (41 out of 92) of COVID-19 patients had a severe disease course with the need for mechanical ventilation (severe group). At week 1, the initial viral shedding determined from nasopharyngeal swabs showed no significant difference between nonsevere and severe cases. At week 2, a difference could be observed as the viral shedding remained elevated in severely ill patients. A time-course of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and procalcitonin revealed an even more protracted inflammatory response following the delayed drop of virus shedding load in severely ill patients. A significant proportion (47.8%) of patients showed evidence of prolonged viral shedding (>17 days), which was associated with severe disease courses (73.2%). We report that viral shedding does not differ significantly between severe and nonsevere COVID-19 cases upon admission to the hospital. Elevated SARS-CoV-2 shedding in the second week of hospitalisation, a systemic inflammatory reaction peaking between the second and third week, and prolonged viral shedding are associated with a more severe disease course. Tweetable abstract @ERSpublications click to tweetThis work finds that elevated SARS-CoV-2 shedding in the second week of hospitalisation, a systemic inflammatory reaction peaking between the second and third week, and prolonged viral shedding are associated with a more severe COVID-19 disease course https://bit.ly/3p544zr | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 10:23:20 | |
| Publikace | European Respiratory Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 58 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Práva | Copyright ©ERS 2021.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This version is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0. For commercial reproduction rights and permissions contact permissions@ersnet.org | |
| Extra | Publisher: European Respiratory Society Section: Original Research Articles PMID: 33602859 | |
| ISSN | 1399-3003 | |
| Katalog knihovny | erj.ersjournals.com | |
| DOI | 10.1183/13993003.02724-2020 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/63RSXW85 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 10:23:20 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:21:41 |
| Autor | Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mohamed Eesa | |
| Autor | Waleed Mansour | |
| Autor | Lamia G. Zake | |
| Autor | Ehsan Hendawy | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically spread all over the world, crossing the borders of all countries. It is presented mainly by lower respiratory tract symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, and chest tightness. However, COVID-19 causes different upper respiratory tract-related symptoms including nasal congestion, sore throat, and olfactory dysfunction. Objective To discuss different ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations in COVID-19-positive patients and their relation to other manifestations and to the severity of COVID-19. Methods We detected ENT manifestations in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed positive COVID-19 patients at Zagazig Isolation Hospitals (Zagazig University hospitals, Zagazig Chest hospital, Al-Ahrar hospital, and Zagazig Fever hospital) with proportional allocation in the period from April 15 to June 15, 2020. All patients were subjected to full history taking and COVID-19 was categorized into 4 classes of severity after all patients underwent computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Afterwards, the collected data was analyzed and compared. Results Among the included 120 COVID-19 patients, the most frequent reported ENT manifestations were; sore throat (30%), nasal congestion (28.3%), nasal obstruction (26.7%), sneezing (26.6%), headache (25%), smell and taste dysfunction (25%), rhinorrhea (20%), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (15%), and tonsil enlargement (10%). The most common non-ENT manifestations were fever (88.3%), cough (63.3%), and dyspnea (45%). Conclusion Fever and cough are the dominant symptoms of COVID-19, but ENT manifestations for COVID-19 are common and should be a part of the suspected clinical criteria for COVID-19, particularly if the nasal examination was nonsignificant. The most common symptoms are sore throat, followed by nasal congestion and obstruction, headache, and lastly, olfactory dysfunction. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 10:04:03 | |
| Publikace | International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 25 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | e343-e348 | |
| Práva | Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda. Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil | |
| Extra | Publisher: Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda. | |
| ISSN | 1809-4864 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.thieme-connect.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. | |
| DOI | 10.1055/s-0041-1730456 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4MAJ9G2W | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 10:04:03 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:23:35 |
| Autor | C. Zhang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Z. Guo | |
| Autor | Z. Zhao | |
| Autor | T. Wang | |
| Autor | L. Li | |
| Autor | F. Miao | |
| Autor | C. Zhang | |
| Autor | Y. Li | |
| Autor | Y. Gao | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07 | |
| Abstrakt | We analyzed size of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) aerosol particles shed by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. Most exhaled particles were small, and virus was mainly released early during infection. By postinfection day 6, no virus was detected in breath, but air in the isolator contained large quantities of aerosolized virus. © 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved. | |
| Publikace | Emerging Infectious Diseases | |
| Ročník | 27 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 1979-1981 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.3201/eid2707.203948 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K2LCB3UF | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 14:37:29 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:11:20 |
| Autor | Ivo Djidrovksi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Maria Georgiou | |
| Autor | Grant L. Hughes | |
| Autor | Edward I. Patterson | |
| Autor | Aitor Casas-Sanchez | |
| Autor | Shaun H. Penington | |
| Autor | Giancarlo A. Biagini | |
| Autor | Marina Moya-Molina | |
| Autor | Jelle van den Bor | |
| Autor | Martine J. Smit | |
| Autor | Git Chung | |
| Autor | Majlinda Lako | |
| Autor | Lyle Armstrong | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-21 | |
| Abstrakt | Abstract As one of the primary points of entry of xenobiotic substances and infectious agents into the body, the lungs are subject to a range of dysfunctions and diseases that together account for a significant number of patient deaths. In view of this, there is an outstanding need for in vitro systems in which to assess the impact of both infectious agents and xenobiotic substances of the lungs. To address this issue, we have developed a protocol to generate airway epithelial basal-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells, which simplifies the manufacture of cellular models of the human upper airways. Basal-like cells generated in this study were cultured on transwell inserts to allow formation of a confluent monolayer and then exposed to an air-liquid interface to induce differentiation into a pseudostratified epithelial construct with a marked similarity to the upper airway epithelium in vivo. These constructs contain the component cell types required of an epithelial model system, produce mucus and functional cilia, and can support SARS-CoV-2 infection/replication and the secretion of cytokines in a manner similar to that of in vivo airways. This method offers a readily accessible and highly scalable protocol for the manufacture of upper airway models that could find applications in development of therapies for respiratory viral infections and the assessment of drug toxicity on the human lungs. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 11:42:57 | |
| URL | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/stem.3422 | |
| Publikace | STEM CELLS | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Extra | Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | |
| ISSN | 1066-5099 | |
| Katalog knihovny | onlinelibrary.wiley.com (Atypon) | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8Y4GERYW | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:42:57 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:12:10 |
| Autor | Saravanakarthikeyan Balasubramanian | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Divya Vinayachandran | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The whole world has been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and many researchers are racing to understand the disease course and to undertake risk analyses to formulate effective treatment strategies. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible through coughing and sneezing, and through breathing and talking which may account for viral transmission from asymptomatic carriers. Bioaerosols produced during mouth-breathing, an expiratory process in habitual mouth breathers, should be considered in addition to nasal bioparticles as a potential transmissible mode in COVID-19. Oral health professionals are justifiably apprehensive about the exposure risk due to close face-to-face contact and the mode of transmission. The aim of this commentary is to summarize the research conducted in this area and suggested strategies to limit the spread of COVID-19, especially in dental offices. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2021 15:50:14 | |
| Publikace | Canada Communicable Disease Report | |
| Krátký název | Bioaerosols from mouth-breathing | |
| Ročník | 47 | |
| Číslo | 56 | |
| Rozsah | 276-278 | |
| ISSN | 1481-8531 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | CCDR | |
| DOI | 10.14745/ccdr.v47i56a05 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2W7GUSHN | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 15:50:14 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:09:32 |
| Autor | V. Stadnytskyi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | P. Anfinrud | |
| Autor | A. Bax | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-08 | |
| Abstrakt | The SARS-CoV-2 virus is highly contagious, as demonstrated by numerous well-documented superspreading events. The infection commonly starts in the upper respiratory tract (URT) but can migrate to the lower respiratory tract (LRT) and other organs, often with severe consequences. Whereas LRT infection can lead to shedding of virus via breath and cough droplets, URT infection enables shedding via abundant speech droplets. Their viral load can be high in carriers with mild or no symptoms, an observation linked to the abundance of SARS-CoV-2-susceptible cells in the oral cavity epithelium. Expelled droplets rapidly lose water through evaporation, with the smaller ones transforming into long-lived aerosol. Although the largest speech droplets can carry more virions, they are few in number, fall to the ground rapidly and therefore play a relatively minor role in transmission. Of more concern is small speech aerosol, which can descend deep into the LRT and cause severe disease. However, since their total volume is small, the amount of virus they carry is low. Nevertheless, in closed environments with inadequate ventilation, they can accumulate, which elevates the risk of direct LRT infection. Of most concern is the large fraction of speech aerosol that is intermediate-sized because it remains suspended in air for minutes and can be transported over considerable distances by convective air currents. The abundance of this speech-generated aerosol, combined with its high viral load in pre- and asymptomatic individuals, strongly implicates airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through speech as the primary contributor to its rapid spread. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 11:41:18 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Internal Medicine | |
| Krátký název | Breathing, speaking, coughing or sneezing | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Rozsah | joim.13326 | |
| Extra | Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | |
| ISSN | 0954-6820 | |
| Katalog knihovny | onlinelibrary.wiley.com (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1111/joim.13326 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9FQ5BS5G | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:41:18 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:09:42 |
| Autor | Florence K. A. Gregson | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Natalie A. Watson | |
| Autor | Christopher M. Orton | |
| Autor | Allen E. Haddrell | |
| Autor | Lauren P. McCarthy | |
| Autor | Thomas J. R. Finnie | |
| Autor | Nick Gent | |
| Autor | Gavin C. Donaldson | |
| Autor | Pallav L. Shah | |
| Autor | James D. Calder | |
| Autor | Bryan R. Bzdek | |
| Autor | Declan Costello | |
| Autor | Jonathan P. Reid | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-03 | |
| Abstrakt | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented shutdown in social and economic activity, with the cultural sector particularly severely affected. Restrictions on musical performances have arisen from a perception that there is a significantly higher risk of aerosol production from singing than speaking, based upon high-profile examples of clusters of COVID-19 following choral rehearsals. However, comparing aerosol generation from different types of vocalization, including singing, across a range of volumes is a rapidly evolving area of research. Here, we measured aerosols from singing, speaking and breathing from a large cohort of 25 professional singers in a range of musical genres in a zero-background environment, allowing unequivocal attribution of aerosol production to specific vocalizations. We do not assess the relative volumes at which people speak and sing. However, both showed steep increases in mass concentration with increase in loudness (spanning a factor of 20–30 across the dynamic range measured, p < 0.001). At the quietest volume (50 to 60 dBA), neither singing (p = 0.19) nor speaking (p = 0.20) were significantly different to breathing. At the loudest volume (90 to 100 dBA), a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between singing and speaking, but with singing only generating a factor of between 1.5 and 3.4 more aerosol mass. Guidelines for musical performances should be based on the loudness and duration of the vocalization, the number of participants and the environment in which the activity occurs, rather than the type of vocalization. Mitigations such as the use of amplification and increased attention to ventilation should be employed where practicable.Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 9:31:44 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 681-691 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2021.1883544 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2021.1883544 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9V9YKHSS | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 9:31:44 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:13:32 |
| Autor | Beni Hamidreza Mortazavy | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hamed Mortazavi | |
| Autor | Fatemeh Aghaei | |
| Autor | Sanam Kamalipour | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-01 | |
| Abstrakt | It is essential to study the viral droplet’s uptake in the human respiratory system to better control, prevent, and treat diseases. Micro-droplets can easily pass through ordinary respiratory masks. Therefore, the SARS-COV-2 transmit easily in conversation with a regular mask with 'silent spreaders' in the most physiological way of breathing through the nose, indoor and at rest condition. The results showed that the amount of deposited micro-droplets in the olfactory epithelium area is low. Also, due to receptors and long droplet residence time in this region, the possibility of absorption increases in the cribriform plate. This phenomenon eventually could lead to brain lesion damage and, in some cases, leads to stroke. In all inlet flow rates lower than 30 L/min inlet boundary conditions, the average percentage of viral contamination for upper respiratory tract is always less than 50% and more than 50% for the lungs. At 6L/min and 15L/min flow rates, the average percentage of lung contamination increases to more than 87%, which due to the presence of the Coronavirus receptor in the lungs, the involvement of the lungs increases significantly. This study's other achievements include the inverse relationship between droplets deposition efficiency in some parts of the upper airway, which have the most deformation in the tract. Also, the increased deformities per minute applied to the trachea and nasal cavity, which is 1.5 times more than usual, could lead to chest and head bothers. | |
| Publikace | Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 20 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 1087-1100 | |
| Archiv | ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2532439290 | |
| Extra | Place: Dordrecht Publisher: Springer Nature B.V. | |
| ISSN | 1617-7959 | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Biomech Model Mechanobiol | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10237-021-01434-8 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MIFU8RIB | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:17:47 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:12:49 |
Copyright - © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature 2021.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-05-27
| Autor | Mohammad S. Islam | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Puchanee Larpruenrudee | |
| Autor | Akshoy Ranjan Paul | |
| Autor | Gunther Paul | |
| Autor | Tevfik Gemci | |
| Autor | Yuantong Gu | |
| Autor | Suvash C. Saha | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The recent outbreak of the SARS CoV-2 virus has had a significant effect on human respiratory health around the world. The contagious disease infected a large proportion of the world population, resulting in long-term health issues and an excessive mortality rate. The SARS CoV-2 virus can spread as small aerosols and enters the respiratory systems through the oral (nose or mouth) airway. The SARS CoV-2 particle transport to the mouth–throat and upper airways is analyzed by the available literature. Due to the tiny size, the virus can travel to the terminal airways of the respiratory system and form a severe health hazard. There is a gap in the understanding of the SARS CoV-2 particle transport to the terminal airways. The present study investigated the SARS CoV-2 virus particle transport and deposition to the terminal airways in a complex 17-generation lung model. This first-ever study demonstrates how far SARS CoV-2 particles can travel in the respiratory system. ANSYS Fluent solver was used to simulate the virus particle transport during sleep and light and heavy activity conditions. Numerical results demonstrate that a higher percentage of the virus particles are trapped at the upper airways when sleeping and in a light activity condition. More virus particles have lung contact in the right lung than the left lung. A comprehensive lobe specific deposition and deposition concentration study was performed. The results of this study provide a precise knowledge of the SARs CoV-2 particle transport to the lower branches and could help the lung health risk assessment system. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 14:27:39 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Krátký název | SARS CoV-2 aerosol | |
| Ročník | 33 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 061903 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0053351 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/I78FYW64 | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 14:27:39 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:14:53 |
| Autor | Shiyi Sun | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jing Li | |
| Autor | Jie Han | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-01 | |
| Abstrakt | With mounting evidence and notable cases of large clustered infections, airborne transmission via droplets and particles has been recently acknowledged as an effective mode of transmission for COVID-19. How droplets and aerosol particles disperse are being transported into the human breathing zone—the last few inches for airborne transmission to effectuate—remains a key question which has been widely overlooked. Human thermal plume refers to the constantly rising airflows around the boundary layer of human body due to persisting temperature gradients between the body surfaces and the ambient air. Ample evidence indicated that the thermal plume controls the dispersion and transport of aerosols in the human microenvironment. Given that in calm indoor environments most air inhaled by human comes from the boundary layer where thermal plume flows through constantly, the role of thermal plume needs to be scrutinized to predict the diffusion of droplets, aerosols and other airborne carriers of the novel coronavirus around the human body for prioritizing infection control strategies. Here, we assessed the potential influences of the thermal plume on the transmission of COVID-19 and other airborne pathogens by reviewing the most pertinent evidence and analyzing key variables in the formation of thermal plume in indoor environments, e.g., ambient temperature, human posture and type of clothing. Our reviewed evidence and data indicate that the human thermal plume should facilitate the airborne transmission of COVID-19 in enclosed spaces by elevating small droplets and airborne particles into the breathing zone from lower regions and ascending respiratory droplets from the sources into the upper atmosphere. By drawing attention to aerosol transport dynamics in the human microenvironment, these insights may be useful for understanding COVID-19 transmission in enclosed spaces, especially those intended for public use. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 9:32:38 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Chemistry Letters | |
| Krátký název | How human thermal plume influences near-human transport of respiratory droplets and airborne particles | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 19 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 1971-1982 | |
| ISSN | 1610-3661 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environ Chem Lett | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10311-020-01178-4 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7DVBM3DV | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:32:38 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:24:28 |
| Autor | Janeri Froberg | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Purpose of review Despite its crucial role in protection against viral infections, mucosal immunity has been largely understudied in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review outlines the current evidence about the role of mucosal immune responses in the clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, as well as potential mucosal mechanisms of protection against (re-)infection. Recent findings The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 cellular entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is most highly expressed in the upper respiratory tract and most SARS-CoV-2 shedding occurs from the upper respiratory tract. Viral shedding peaks early during infection around the onset of symptoms, before dropping rapidly in most individuals within 7 days of symptom onset, suggesting mucosal inhibition of viral infection. Serum and mucosal immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M responses were found to be strongly correlated in infected patients, whereas correlations were much weaker for immunoglobulin A (IgA). Mucosal IgA responses have been detected in infected cases in the absence of serum antibody responses, with mucosal antibody levels correlating strongly with virus neutralization. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage samples of COVID-19 patients revealed the induction of mucosal chemokine and cytokine genes, complement pathways, Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription signaling and cytotoxic T cells. Although most clinical studies focus on antibodies and cellular immunity in peripheral blood, mucosal immune responses in the respiratory tract play a key role in the early restriction of viral replication and the clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Identification of mucosal biomarkers associated with viral clearance will allow monitoring of infection-induced immunity. Further studies are needed to understand how the systemic immunological endpoints measured in vaccination studies translate to mucosal protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 11:32:36 | |
| Publikace | Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 34 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 181-186 | |
| Extra | Place: Philadelphia Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins WOS:000643796100001 | |
| ISSN | 0951-7375 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. | |
| DOI | 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000724 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/J3BFDSXH | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:32:36 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:16:07 |
| Autor | Antoine Giovanni | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Thomas Radulesco | |
| Autor | Gilles Bouchet | |
| Autor | Alexia Mattei | |
| Autor | Joana Révis | |
| Autor | Estelle Bogdanski | |
| Autor | Justin Michel | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Infectious agents, such as SARS-CoV-2, can be carried by droplets expelled during breathing. The spatial dissemination of droplets varies according to their initial velocity. After a short literature review, our goal was to determine the velocity of the exhaled air during vocal exercises. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:30:14 | |
| Publikace | European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology | |
| Krátký název | Transmission of droplet-conveyed infectious agents such as SARS-CoV-2 by speech and vocal exercises during speech therapy | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 278 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 1687-1692 | |
| ISSN | 1434-4726 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00405-020-06200-7 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EMCYUDYF | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:30:14 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:36:28 |
| Autor | Ni Huang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Paola Pérez | |
| Autor | Kato Takafumi | |
| Autor | Yu Mikami | |
| Autor | Okuda Kenichi | |
| Autor | Rodney C Gilmore | |
| Autor | Cecilia Domínguez Conde | |
| Autor | Gasmi Billel | |
| Autor | Sydney Stein | |
| Autor | Margaret Beach | |
| Autor | Eileen Pelayo | |
| Autor | Jose O Maldonado | |
| Autor | Bernard A Lafont | |
| Autor | Jang Shyh-Ing | |
| Autor | Nadia Nasir | |
| Autor | Ricardo J Padilla | |
| Autor | Valerie A Murrah | |
| Autor | Robert Maile | |
| Autor | William Lovell | |
| Autor | Shannon M Wallet | |
| Autor | Natalie M Bowman | |
| Autor | Suzanne L Meinig | |
| Autor | Matthew C Wolfgang | |
| Autor | Saibyasachi N Choudhury | |
| Autor | Mark Novotny | |
| Autor | Brian D Aevermann | |
| Autor | Richard H Scheuermann | |
| Autor | Gabrielle Cannon | |
| Autor | Carlton W Anderson | |
| Autor | Rhianna E Lee | |
| Autor | Julie T Marchesan | |
| Autor | Mandy Bush | |
| Autor | Marcelo Freire | |
| Autor | Adam J Kimple | |
| Autor | Daniel L Herr | |
| Autor | Joseph Rabin | |
| Autor | Alison Grazioli | |
| Autor | Sanchita Das | |
| Autor | Benjamin N French | |
| Autor | Thomas Pranzatelli | |
| Autor | John A Chiorini | |
| Autor | David E Kleiner | |
| Autor | Stefania Pittaluga | |
| Autor | Stephen M Hewitt | |
| Autor | Peter D Burbelo | |
| Autor | Daniel Chertow | |
| Autor | Michelly Sampaio De Melo | |
| Autor | Esra Dikoglu | |
| Autor | Sabina Desar | |
| Autor | Kris Ylaya | |
| Autor | Chung Joon-Yong | |
| Autor | Grace Smith | |
| Autor | Daniel S Chertow | |
| Autor | Kevin M Vannella | |
| Autor | Marcos Ramos-Benitez | |
| Autor | Sabrina C Ramelli | |
| Autor | Shelly J Samet | |
| Autor | Ashley L Babyak | |
| Autor | Valenica Luis Perez | |
| Autor | Mary E Richert | |
| Autor | Nicole Hays | |
| Autor | Madeleine Purcell | |
| Autor | Shreya Singireddy | |
| Autor | Jocelyn Wu | |
| Autor | Jean Chung | |
| Autor | Amy Borth | |
| Autor | Kimberly Bowers | |
| Autor | Anne Weichold | |
| Autor | Douglas Tran | |
| Autor | Ronson J Madathil | |
| Autor | Eric M Krause | |
| Autor | Joseph A Herrold | |
| Autor | Ali Tabatabai | |
| Autor | Eric Hochberg | |
| Autor | Christopher Cornachione | |
| Autor | Andrea R Levine | |
| Autor | Michael T McCurdy | |
| Autor | Kapil K Saharia | |
| Autor | Zack Chancer | |
| Autor | Michael A Mazzeffi | |
| Autor | Justin E Richards | |
| Autor | James W, Jr Eagan | |
| Autor | Yashvir Sangwan | |
| Autor | Inês Sequeira | |
| Autor | Sarah A Teichmann | |
| Autor | J Kimple Adam | |
| Autor | Karen Frank | |
| Autor | Janice Lee | |
| Autor | Richard C Boucher | |
| Autor | Sarah A Teichmann | |
| Autor | Blake M Warner | |
| Autor | Kevin M Byrd | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Despite signs of infection—including taste loss, dry mouth and mucosal lesions such as ulcerations, enanthema and macules—the involvement of the oral cavity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is poorly understood. To address this, we generated and analyzed two single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of the human minor salivary glands and gingiva (9 samples, 13,824 cells), identifying 50 cell clusters. Using integrated cell normalization and annotation, we classified 34 unique cell subpopulations between glands and gingiva. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral entry factors such as ACE2 and TMPRSS members were broadly enriched in epithelial cells of the glands and oral mucosae. Using orthogonal RNA and protein expression assessments, we confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the glands and mucosae. Saliva from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals harbored epithelial cells exhibiting ACE2 and TMPRSS expression and sustained SARS-CoV-2 infection. Acellular and cellular salivary fractions from asymptomatic individuals were found to transmit SARS-CoV-2 ex vivo. Matched nasopharyngeal and saliva samples displayed distinct viral shedding dynamics, and salivary viral burden correlated with COVID-19 symptoms, including taste loss. Upon recovery, this asymptomatic cohort exhibited sustained salivary IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, these data show that the oral cavity is an important site for SARS-CoV-2 infection and implicate saliva as a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.Single-cell transcriptomics and protein expression analyses of salivary glands and gingiva, along with the detection of infectious virus and virus-specific antibodies in saliva from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, support a potential role for the oral cavity in COVID-19 pathogenesis. | |
| Publikace | Nature Medicine | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 27 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 892-903 | |
| Archiv | ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2527362191 | |
| Extra | Place: New York Publisher: Nature Publishing Group | |
| ISSN | 1078-8956 | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41591-021-01296-8 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WAND3AX9 | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 9:28:36 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:19:31 |
Cited By :13
Copyright - © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2021.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-05-15
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coronaviridae
| Autor | Natalie Heinen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mara Klöhn | |
| Autor | Eike Steinmann | |
| Autor | Stephanie Pfaender | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-05 | |
| Abstrakt | SARS-CoV-2 has spread across the globe with an astonishing velocity and lethality that has put scientist and pharmaceutical companies worldwide on the spot to develop novel treatment options and reliable vaccination for billions of people. To combat its associated disease COVID-19 and potentially newly emerging coronaviruses, numerous pre-clinical cell culture techniques have progressively been used, which allow the study of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, basic replication mechanisms, and drug efficiency in the most authentic context. Hence, this review was designed to summarize and discuss currently used in vitro and ex vivo cell culture systems and will illustrate how these systems will help us to face the challenges imposed by the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 9:33:09 | |
| Publikace | Viruses | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 792 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 5 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/v13050792 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UTUJJHKJ | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:33:09 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:24:09 |
| Autor | Bijan Hejazi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Keyvan Hejazi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-30 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: One of the most challenging aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is that a newly infected individual shows diagnosable symptoms, such as body temperature (Tb) rise, several days after contracting the disease. In the early phase of infection (i.e., incubation period), an undiagnosed and unaware individual can spread the virus to others. The fastest and most efficient route of COVID-19 transmission is the respiratory system. Therefore, developing a model of the respiratory system to predict changes in the lung performance upon COVID-19 infection is useful for early diagnosis and intervention during the incubation period. Objectives: This modeling study aimed to evaluate the respiratory system to present an early intervention for COVID-19 and its transmission. Methods: A simple model was developed by performing mass and energy balances on the lungs; it was simulated by the Aspen HYSYS chemical process simulator. Results: To compensate for the virus-infected lung inefficiency, the O2 concentration increased in the exhaled air at the cost of decreased CO2 concentration. Contrary to previous findings on the reduced stability of coronavirus in hot and humid environments, it was found that very hot and humid environments promote the viral transmission rate because of the direct heat transfer to the body via respiration and condensation of water vapor that may cause infection in the respiratory tract. Conclusions: Our model revealed that measurement of O2 or CO2 composition of exhaled gas, using a non-invasive and inexpensive device at home, allows for the early diagnosis of infection and its prevention. This study also aimed to highlight the actual effects of high temperature and high relative humidity (RH) on increasing the virus transmission rates, as opposed to the generally accepted hypothesis of decreased coronavirus stability under these conditions. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:36:42 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Infection | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 8 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Práva | This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited. | |
| Extra | Number: 2 Publisher: Kowsar | |
| ISSN | 2383-1421 | |
| Katalog knihovny | sites.kowsarpub.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int J Infect | |
| DOI | 10.5812/iji.110410 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QV3C6YVQ | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:36:42 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:36:48 |
| Autor | Dominique Kang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Clifford Ellgen | |
| Autor | Erik Kulstad | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-29 | |
| Abstrakt | Currently available data are consistent with increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) replication at temperatures encountered in the upper airways (25–33°C when breathing room temperature air, 25°C) compared to those in the lower airways (37°C). One factor that may contribute to more rapid viral growth in the upper airways is the exponential increase in SARS‐CoV‐2 stability that occurs with reductions in temperature, as measured in vitro. Because SARS‐CoV‐2 frequently initiates infection in the upper airways before spreading through the body, increased upper airway viral growth early in the disease course may result in more rapid progression of disease and potentially contribute to more severe outcomes. Similarly, higher SARS‐CoV‐2 viral titer in the upper airways likely supports more efficient transmission. Conversely, the possible significance of air temperature to upper airway viral growth suggests that prolonged delivery of heated air might represent a preventative measure and prophylactic treatment for coronavirus disease 2019. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:10:44 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Medical Virology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | jmv.27042 | |
| ISSN | 1096-9071 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J Med Virol | |
| DOI | 10.1002/jmv.27042 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9CDR7IK6 | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:10:45 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:38:26 |
| Autor | Udaykumar Ranga | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Aerosol particles can spread respiratory infections, especially those caused by viruses; however, the perceived threat is small for many technical reasons, as identified in this article. Under controlled conditions, aerosol particles can travel up to a distance of 28 feet (or 8 m); however, such aerosol particles are less likely to have sufficient quantities of viable viruses to spread infection. Additionally, nearly all the experimental models examined the behavior of the aerosols only in confined spaces, not in open areas; these findings, therefore, cannot be considered generally applicable. In the absence of scientific information and education, only misconceptions, unfounded fears, and unsubstantiated myths will prevail. Given that an effective vaccine and drugs are still not available, prevention remains the only option of protection against SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus. Wearing a mask is not only necessary but also critical to reduce the probability of viral spread by contact (fomite), not aerosol, transmission. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:26:31 | |
| Publikace | VirusDisease | |
| Krátký název | SARS-CoV-2 aerosol and droplets | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 2347-3517 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | VirusDis. | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s13337-021-00660-z | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6IZQWBXY | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:26:31 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:39:09 |
| Autor | Manon Laporte | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Valerie Raeymaekers | |
| Autor | Ria Van Berwaer | |
| Autor | Julie Vandeput | |
| Autor | Isabel Marchand-Casas | |
| Autor | Hendrik-Jan Thibaut | |
| Autor | Dominique Van Looveren | |
| Autor | Katleen Martens | |
| Autor | Markus Hoffmann | |
| Autor | Piet Maes | |
| Autor | Stefan Pöhlmann | |
| Autor | Lieve Naesens | |
| Autor | Annelies Stevaert | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-22 | |
| Abstrakt | The high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is related to abundant replication in the upper airways, which is not observed for the other highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. We here reveal features of the coronavirus spike (S) protein, which optimize the virus towards the human respiratory tract. First, the S proteins exhibit an intrinsic temperature preference, corresponding with the temperature of the upper or lower airways. Pseudoviruses bearing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (SARS-2-S) were more infectious when produced at 33°C instead of 37°C, a property shared with the S protein of HCoV-229E, a common cold coronavirus. In contrast, the S proteins of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV favored 37°C, in accordance with virus preference for the lower airways. Next, SARS-2-S-driven entry was efficiently activated by not only TMPRSS2, but also the TMPRSS13 protease, thus broadening the cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2. Both proteases proved relevant in the context of authentic virus replication. TMPRSS13 appeared an effective spike activator for the virulent coronaviruses but not the low pathogenic HCoV-229E virus. Activation of SARS-2-S by these surface proteases requires processing of the S1/S2 cleavage loop, in which both the furin recognition motif and extended loop length proved critical. Conversely, entry of loop deletion mutants is significantly increased in cathepsin-rich cells. Finally, we demonstrate that the D614G mutation increases SARS-CoV-2 stability, particularly at 37°C, and, enhances its use of the cathepsin L pathway. This indicates a link between S protein stability and usage of this alternative route for virus entry. Since these spike properties may promote virus spread, they potentially explain why the spike-G614 variant has replaced the early D614 variant to become globally predominant. Collectively, our findings reveal adaptive mechanisms whereby the coronavirus spike protein is adjusted to match the temperature and protease conditions of the airways, to enhance virus transmission and pathology. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 10:18:38 | |
| Publikace | PLOS Pathogens | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 17 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | e1009500 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1553-7374 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS Pathogens | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009500 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FIER6WU8 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 10:18:38 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:22:06 |
| Autor | Mario Eduardo Arena | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | María Rosa Alberto | |
| Autor | Elena Cartagena | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-19 | |
| Abstrakt | The treatments being investigated for the pandemic associated with a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) aim to inhibit viral replication or inhibit enzymatic elastase in the lung, responsible for the SARS-CoV cell entry mechanism and the pathogenesis of severe pneumonia caused by infection. There is also a need to improve alveolar surfactant capacity and inhibition of the exacerbated inflammatory response. Current knowledge allows us to infer that Citrus essential oils could be considered an individual or a complementary highly valuable alternative for the viral infection caused by SARS-CoV due to its antiviral activity, particularly against coronavirus, anti-elastase, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Furthermore, its proven capacity of biosurfactants, antioxidants, and pain inhibitors would help to treat acute respiratory syndrome. This review aims to encourage the development of more detailed studies on Citrus essential oils as a new multi-objective strategy to treat SARS-CoV2 infection.Abbreviations: SARS-CoV: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; GRAS: Generally Recognized as Safe; TRP: Transient Receptor Proteins; HeLa-CEACAM1a: HeLa-epithelial carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1a; HSV: Herpes Simplex Virus; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; ANMAT: National Administration of Medicines, Food and Medical Technology, Argentina; AFSSAPS: Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits de Santé, France; ACE2:Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:38:12 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Essential Oil Research | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Rozsah | 1-12 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2021.1912839 | |
| ISSN | 1041-2905 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/10412905.2021.1912839 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EMT9SSGX | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:38:12 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:39:55 |
| Autor | Nicola Clementi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sreya Ghosh | |
| Autor | Maria De Santis | |
| Autor | Matteo Castelli | |
| Autor | Elena Criscuolo | |
| Autor | Ivan Zanoni | |
| Autor | Massimo Clementi | |
| Autor | Nicasio Mancini | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-13 | |
| Abstrakt | Several viruses target the human respiratory tract, causing different clinical manifestations spanning from mild upper airway involvement to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As dramatically evident in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the clinical picture is not always easily predictable due to the combined effect of direct viral and indirect patient-specific immune-mediated damage. In this review, we discuss the main RNA (orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses) and DNA (adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and bocaviruses) viruses with respiratory tropism and their mechanisms of direct and indirect cell damage. We analyze the thin line existing between a protective immune response, capable of limiting viral replication, and an unbalanced, dysregulated immune activation often leading to the most severe complication. Our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved is increasing and this should pave the way for the development and clinical use of new tailored immune-based antiviral strategies. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:11:04 | |
| Publikace | Clinical Microbiology Reviews | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 34 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology.. All Rights Reserved. | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Journals Section: Review PMID: 33789928 | |
| ISSN | 1098-6618 | |
| Katalog knihovny | cmr.asm.org | |
| DOI | 10.1128/CMR.00103-20 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3ZNC9LZW | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:11:04 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 4. 2021 8:53:42 |
| Autor | Bruno Fernandes Matuck | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Marisa Dolhnikoff | |
| Autor | Amaro Nunes Duarte‐Neto | |
| Autor | Gilvan Maia | |
| Autor | Sara Costa Gomes | |
| Autor | Daniel Isaac Sendyk | |
| Autor | Amanda Zarpellon | |
| Autor | Nathalia Paiva de Andrade | |
| Autor | Renata Aparecida Monteiro | |
| Autor | João Renato Rebello Pinho | |
| Autor | Michele Soares Gomes‐Gouvêa | |
| Autor | Suzana C.O. M. Souza | |
| Autor | Cristina Kanamura | |
| Autor | Thais Mauad | |
| Autor | Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva | |
| Autor | Paulo H. Braz‐Silva | |
| Autor | Elia Garcia Caldini | |
| Autor | Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-08 | |
| Abstrakt | The ability of the new coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 to spread and contaminate is one of the determinants of the COVID‐19 pandemic status. SARS‐CoV‐2 has been detected in saliva consistently, with similar sensitivity as observed in nasopharyngeal swabs. We conducted ultrasound‐guided postmortem biopsies in COVID‐19 fatal cases. Samples of salivary glands (SG; Parotid, Submandibular and Minor) were obtained. We analyzed samples using RT‐qPCR, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and histopathological analysis, to identify the SARS‐CoV‐2 and elucidate qualitative and quantitative viral profiles in salivary glands. The study included 13 female and 11 male patients, with a mean age of 53.12 years (range 8–83). RT‐qPCR for SARS‐CoV‐2 was positive in 30 SG samples from 18 patients (60% of total SG samples and 75% of all cases). Ultrastructural analyses showed spherical 70–100 nm viral particles, consistent in size and shape with the Coronaviridae family, in the ductal lining cell cytoplasm, acinar cells, and ductal lumen of SG. There was also degeneration of organelles in infected cells and the presence of a cluster of nucleocapsids, which suggests viral replication in SG cells. Qualitative histopathological analysis showed morphologic alterations in the duct lining epithelium characterized by cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolization, as well as nuclear pleomorphism. Acinar cells showed degenerative changes of the zymogen granules and enlarged nuclei. Ductal epithelium and serous acinar cells showed intense expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS receptors. An anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody was positive in 8 (53%) of the 15 tested cases in duct lining epithelial cells and acinar cells of major SG. Only 2 minor salivary glands were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 by immunohistochemistry. Salivary glands are a reservoir for SARS‐CoV‐2 and provide a pathophysiological background for studies that indicate the use of saliva as a diagnostic method for COVID19 and highlight this biological fluid's role in spreading the disease. | |
| Publikace | The Journal of Pathology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2510535378 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| DOI | 10.1002/path.5679 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/58GHR5JX | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 10:59:28 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:03:19 |
Copyright - © 2021. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-04-11
| Autor | Mostafa Kamal Arefin | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-08 | |
| Abstrakt | SARS- CoV-2 or novel coronavirus enters in human body through nose and mouth, stays there for a while. Then binds with ACE2 receptor, enters inside cell, multiply there and manifests. Again, Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone or Povidone Iodine (PVP-I) is a strong microbicidal agent having 99.99% virucidal efficacy in its only 0.23% concentration, irrespective of all known viruses, even in SARS- CoV-2 (in vitro). An oro-nasal spray is designed to apply the PVP-I in nose and oral cavity to gain a protective layer or coating over nasal and oral mucosa, so that SARS-CoV-2 can’t bind with the ACE-2 receptor and prevent their entry inside. So, it will be effective for prevention of COVID-19. Moreover, as PVP-I has the ability for destruction of SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS- CoV-2 from patient will be reduced also. Thus PVP-I oro-nasal spray can act as an effective shield for COVID-19 protection for healthcare workers, for all. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:31:41 | |
| Publikace | Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery | |
| Krátký název | Povidone Iodine (PVP-I) Oro-Nasal Spray | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 0973-7707 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12070-021-02525-9 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/B8V23MEH | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:31:41 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:40:36 |
| Autor | Michael C. Jarvis | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-04-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Background and Purpose Virus-containing aerosol droplets emitted by breathing, speech or coughing dry rapidly to equilibrium with ambient relative humidity (RH), increasing in solute concentration with effects on virus survival and decreasing in diameter with effects on sedimentation and respiratory uptake. The aim of this paper is to model the effect of ionic and macromolecular solutes on droplet drying and solute concentration. Methods Deliquescence-efflorescence concepts and Kohler theory were used to simulate the evolution of solute concentrations and water activity in respiratory droplets, starting from efflorescence data on mixed NaCl/KCl aerosols and osmotic pressure data on respiratory macromolecules. Results In NaCl/KCl solutions supersaturated total salt concentrations were shown to reach 10-15M at the efflorescence RH of 40-55%, depending on the K:Na ratio. Dependence on K:Na ratio implies that the evaporation curves differ between aerosols derived from saliva and from airway surfaces. The direct effect of liquid droplet size through the Kelvin term was shown to be smaller and largely restricted to breath emissions. Modelling the effect of proteins and glycoproteins showed that salts determine drying equilibria down to the efflorescence RH, and macromolecules at lower RH. Conclusion Differences in drying behaviour are predicted between breathing, speech and coughing emissions and between droplet size fractions within these. High salt concentrations may inactivate some viruses. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 10:47:24 | |
| URL | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436946v2 | |
| Krátký název | Drying of virus-containing aerosol particles | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.03.25.436946 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Company: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.25.436946 Distributor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Label: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | bioRxiv | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QE49V8ES | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:47:24 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 10:47:24 |
| Autor | Jesse S. Pelletier | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Belachew Tessema | |
| Autor | Samantha Frank | |
| Autor | Jonna B. Westover | |
| Autor | Seth M. Brown | |
| Autor | Joseph A. Capriotti | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From the first reported cases in December 2019, the virus has spread to over 4 million people worldwide. Human-to-human transmission occurs mainly through the aerosolization of respiratory droplets. Transmission also occurs through contact with contaminated surfaces and other fomites. Improved antisepsis of human and nonhuman surfaces has been identified as a key feature of transmission reduction. There are no previous studies of povidone iodine (PVP-I) against SARS-CoV-2. This study evaluated nasal and oral antiseptic formulations of PVP-I for virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. This is the first report on the efficacy of PVP-I against the virus that causes COVID-19.Methods:Povidone iodine nasal antiseptic formulations and PVP-I oral rinse antiseptic formulations from 1% to 5% concentrations as well as controls were studied for virucidal efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2. Test compounds were evaluated for ability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 as measured in a virucidal assay. SARS-CoV-2 was exposed directly to the test compound for 60 seconds, compounds were then neutralized, and surviving virus was quantified.Results:All concentrations of nasal antiseptics and oral rinse antiseptics evaluated completely inactivated the SARS-CoV-2.Conclusions:Nasal and oral PVP-I antiseptic solutions are effective at inactivating the SARS-CoV-2 at a variety of concentrations after 60-second exposure times. The formulations tested may help to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 if used for nasal decontamination, oral decontamination, or surface decontamination in known or suspected cases of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:48:11 | |
| Publikace | Ear, Nose & Throat Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 100 | |
| Číslo | 2_suppl | |
| Rozsah | 192-196 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc | |
| ISSN | 0145-5613 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Ear Nose Throat J | |
| DOI | 10.1177/0145561320957237 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XX7ZLXLI | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:48:11 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:41:08 |
| Autor | Christian Rosas-Salazar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kyle S. Kimura | |
| Autor | Meghan H. Shilts | |
| Autor | Britton A. Strickland | |
| Autor | Michael H. Freeman | |
| Autor | Bronson C. Wessinger | |
| Autor | Veerain Gupta | |
| Autor | Hunter M. Brown | |
| Autor | Seesandra V. Rajagopala | |
| Autor | Justin H. Turner | |
| Autor | Suman R. Das | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Little is known about the relationships between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the respiratory virus responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome. Objective We sought to compare the URT microbiome between SARS-CoV-2–infected and –uninfected adults and to examine the association of SARS-CoV-2 viral load with the URT microbiome during COVID-19. Methods We characterized the URT microbiome using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing in 59 adults (38 with confirmed, symptomatic, mild to moderate COVID-19 and 21 asymptomatic, uninfected controls). In those with COVID-19, we measured SARS-CoV-2 viral load using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. We then examined the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection status and its viral load with the ⍺-diversity, β-diversity, and abundance of bacterial taxa of the URT microbiome. Our main models were all adjusted for age and sex. Results The observed species index was significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2–infected than in –uninfected adults (β linear regression coefficient = 7.53; 95% CI, 0.17-14.89; P = .045). In differential abundance testing, 9 amplicon sequence variants were significantly different in both of our comparisons, with Peptoniphilus lacrimalis, Campylobacter hominis, Prevotella 9 copri, and an Anaerococcus unclassified amplicon sequence variant being more abundant in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection and in those with high viral load during COVID-19, whereas Corynebacterium unclassified, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Prevotella disiens, and 2 Corynebacterium_1 unclassified amplicon sequence variants were more abundant in those without SARS-CoV-2 infection and in those with low viral load during COVID-19. Conclusions Our findings suggest complex associations between SARS-CoV-2 and the URT microbiome in adults. Future studies are needed to examine how these viral-bacterial interactions can impact the clinical progression, severity, and recovery of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 10:43:49 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 147 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 1226-1233.e2 | |
| ISSN | 0091-6749 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.001 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LF7Q3HR8 | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 10:43:50 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:20:25 |
| Autor | Freja Nordsiek | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Eberhard Bodenschatz | |
| Autor | Gholamhossein Bagheri | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction It is well known that some diseases such as influenza, the common cold, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, measles, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) are airborne; meaning they can be transmitted by particles (also called liquid droplets, aerosols, or, if completely dried, droplet nuclei) exhaled by infected individuals that stay suspended in the air for some time rather than immediately falling to the ground. Many of the transmission mitigation strategies rely on results obtained by models that take into account a variety of factors to assess the likelihood of transmission, a good example of which is the World Health Organization’s 2009 guidelines Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-Care Settings [11]. Underneath its source, sink, and respiratory tract absorption parameters (as well as the choices of which to include and exclude) and its well-mixed assumption and their caveats/limitations are a mix of fluid dynamics with inertial particles (aerosols), the biological processes of the respiratory tract and diseases, thermodynamics, aerosol chemistry, human behavior and safety interventions (e.g. wearing masks), etc. Besides the well-mixed assumption, there are several other assumptions associated with Wells-Riley formulations, which are not necessarily always true. | |
| Publikace | PLoS One | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central; Publicly Available Content Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2510234114 | |
| Extra | Place: San Francisco Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0248004 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QM7QNNWC | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 12. 2020 12:28:50 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:03:47 |
Copyright - © 2021 Nordsiek et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2021-04-09
SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Germany
| Autor | N. M. Wilson | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | G. B. Marks | |
| Autor | A. Eckhardt | |
| Autor | A. M. Clarke | |
| Autor | F. P. Young | |
| Autor | F. L. Garden | |
| Autor | W. Stewart | |
| Autor | T. M. Cook | |
| Autor | E. R. Tovey | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-30 | |
| Abstrakt | Respirable aerosols (< 5 µm in diameter) present a high risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. Guidelines recommend using aerosol precautions during aerosol‐generating procedures, and droplet (> 5 µm) precautions at other times. However, emerging evidence indicates respiratory activities may be a more important source of aerosols than clinical procedures such as tracheal intubation. We aimed to measure the size, total number and volume of all human aerosols exhaled during respiratory activities and therapies. We used a novel chamber with an optical particle counter sampling at 100 l.min‐1 to count and size‐fractionate close to all exhaled particles (0.5–25 µm). We compared emissions from ten healthy subjects during six respiratory activities (quiet breathing; talking; shouting; forced expiratory manoeuvres; exercise; and coughing) with three respiratory therapies (high‐flow nasal oxygen and single or dual circuit non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation). Activities were repeated while wearing facemasks. When compared with quiet breathing, exertional respiratory activities increased particle counts 34.6‐fold during talking and 370.8‐fold during coughing (p < 0.001). High‐flow nasal oxygen 60 at l.min‐1 increased particle counts 2.3‐fold (p = 0.031) during quiet breathing. Single and dual circuit non‐invasive respiratory therapy at 25/10 cm.H2O with quiet breathing increased counts by 2.6‐fold and 7.8‐fold, respectively (both p < 0.001). During exertional activities, respiratory therapies and facemasks reduced emissions compared with activities alone. Respiratory activities (including exertional breathing and coughing) which mimic respiratory patterns during illness generate substantially more aerosols than non‐invasive respiratory therapies, which conversely can reduce total emissions. We argue the risk of aerosol exposure is underappreciated and warrants widespread, targeted interventions. | |
| Přístup | 13. 4. 2021 15:03:08 | |
| Publikace | Anaesthesia | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | anae.15475 | |
| ISSN | 1365-2044 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Anaesthesia | |
| DOI | 10.1111/anae.15475 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/C2W75E7H | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 4. 2021 15:03:08 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:04:38 |
| Autor | Rohit Singhal | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | S. Ravichandran | |
| Autor | Rama Govindarajan | |
| Autor | Sourabh S. Diwan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-30 | |
| Abstrakt | The airborne transmission of disease-causing pathogens like the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic is known to occur not only through violent expiratory events like coughs or sneezes, but also during activities like singing and even speech. We study, using direct numerical simulation (DNS), the transport of virus-laden aerosols generated during human speech. We show that the use of the "top-hat" formulation for steady speech flows can underestimate infection probabilities by a factor of 2-3. We propose an alternative method of estimating viral ingestion that includes exposure through the eyes and mouth, to provide more realistic estimates of the risk of infection. This method is then used to determine infection probabilities when two speakers facing each other are engaged in a short conversation. We show that the interaction between the two oppositely-directed speech jets can increase or decrease infection probabilities, which peak for a height difference between the speakers of about 10cm (30cm) when the axial separation between them is 2ft (6ft). These results can help improve the existing public health guidelines for COVID mitigation by introducing a lateral shift between people during short conversations. Moreover, simulations like these can provide useful inputs to the existing epidemiological models for improving their reliability and accuracy. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:04:24 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.16415 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2103.16415 [physics, q-bio] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2103.16415 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2EKBQENX | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:04:25 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:32 |
Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures
| Autor | Philip V’kovski | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mitra Gultom | |
| Autor | Jenna N. Kelly | |
| Autor | Silvio Steiner | |
| Autor | Julie Russeil | |
| Autor | Bastien Mangeat | |
| Autor | Elisa Cora | |
| Autor | Joern Pezoldt | |
| Autor | Melle Holwerda | |
| Autor | Annika Kratzel | |
| Autor | Laura Laloli | |
| Autor | Manon Wider | |
| Autor | Jasmine Portmann | |
| Autor | Thao Tran | |
| Autor | Nadine Ebert | |
| Autor | Hanspeter Stalder | |
| Autor | Rune Hartmann | |
| Autor | Vincent Gardeux | |
| Autor | Daniel Alpern | |
| Autor | Bart Deplancke | |
| Autor | Volker Thiel | |
| Autor | Ronald Dijkman | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-29 | |
| Abstrakt | Since its emergence in December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and become a major public health burden. Despite its close phylogenetic relationship to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits increased human-to-human transmission dynamics, likely due to efficient early replication in the upper respiratory epithelium of infected individuals. Since different temperatures encountered in the human upper and lower respiratory tract (33°C and 37°C, respectively) have been shown to affect the replication kinetics of several respiratory viruses, as well as host innate immune response dynamics, we investigated the impact of temperature on SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection using the primary human airway epithelial cell culture model. SARS-CoV-2, in contrast to SARS-CoV, replicated to higher titers when infections were performed at 33°C rather than 37°C. Although both viruses were highly sensitive to type I and type III interferon pretreatment, a detailed time-resolved transcriptome analysis revealed temperature-dependent interferon and pro-inflammatory responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 that were inversely proportional to its replication efficiency at 33°C or 37°C. These data provide crucial insight on pivotal virus–host interaction dynamics and are in line with characteristic clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, as well as their respective transmission efficiencies. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 10:21:22 | |
| URL | https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001158 | |
| Publikace | PLOS Biology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 19 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | e3001158 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1545-7885 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS Biology | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001158 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9GLYL7AZ | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:49:51 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:11:32 |
| Autor | Ting Ge | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Shengfeng Cheng | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-28 | |
| Abstrakt | The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious challenge faced by the global community. Physical scientists can help medical workers and biomedical scientists, engineers, and practitioners, who are working on the front line, to slow down and eventually contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This review is focused on the physicochemical characteristics, including composition, aerodynamics, and drying behavior of respiratory droplets as a complex and multicomponent soft matter system, which are the main carrier of the virus for interpersonal transmission. The distribution and dynamics of virus particles within a droplet are also discussed. Understanding the characteristics of virus-laden respiratory droplets can lead to better design of personal protective equipment, frequently touched surfaces such as door knobs and touchscreens, and filtering equipment for indoor air circulation. Such an understanding also provides the scientific basis of public policy, including social distancing rules and public hygiene guidelines, implemented by governments around the world. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:12:40 | |
| URL | http://www.biomat-trans.com/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-112X.2021.01.003 | |
| Publikace | Biomaterials Translational | |
| Krátký název | Physicochemical properties of respiratory droplets and their role in COVID-19 pandemics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 2 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 10 | |
| ISSN | 2096-112X | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.biomat-trans.com | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/98NVPVND | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:12:40 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:33 |
| Autor | Suzy Huijghebaert | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Levi Hoste | |
| Autor | Guido Vanham | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Nasal irrigation or nebulizing aerosol of isotonic or hypertonic saline is a traditional method for respiratory or nasal care. A recent small study in outpatients with COVID-19 without acute respiratory distress syndrome suggests substantial symptom resolution. We therefore analyzed pharmacological/pharmacodynamic effects of isotonic or hypertonic saline, relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory care. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 11:51:55 | |
| Publikace | European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1432-1041 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Eur J Clin Pharmacol | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00228-021-03102-3 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LRC5JYU9 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 11:51:55 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:31:43 |
| Autor | Jérôme F. L. Duval | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Herman P. van Leeuwen | |
| Autor | Willem Norde | |
| Autor | Raewyn M. Town | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-26 | |
| Abstrakt | We review concepts involved in describing the chemodynamic features of nanoparticles and apply the framework to gain physicochemical insights into interactions between SARS-CoV-2 virions and airborne particulate matter (PM). Our analysis is highly pertinent given that the World Health Organisation acknowledges that SARS-CoV-2 may be transmitted by respiratory droplets, and the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention recognises that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can occur. In our theoretical treatment, the virion is assimilated to a core-shell nanoparticle, and contributions of various interaction energies to the virion-PM association (electrostatic, hydrophobic, London-van der Waals, etc.) are generically included. We review the limited available literature on the physicochemical features of the SARS-CoV-2 virion and identify knowledge gaps. Despite the lack of quantitative data, our conceptual framework qualitatively predicts that virion-PM entities are largely able to maintain equilibrium on the timescale of their diffusion towards the host cell surface. Comparison of the relevant mass transport coefficients reveals that virion biointernalization demand by alveolar host cells may be greater than the diffusive supply. Under such conditions both the free and PM-sorbed virions may contribute to the transmitted dose. This result points to the potential for PM to serve as a shuttle for delivery of virions to host cell targets. Thus, our critical review reveals that the chemodynamics of virion-PM interactions may play a crucial role in the transmission of COVID-19, and provides a sound basis for explaining reported correlations between episodes of air pollution and outbreaks of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 9:21:09 | |
| Publikace | Advances in Colloid and Interface Science | |
| Krátký název | Chemodynamic features of nanoparticles | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 290 | |
| Rozsah | 102400 | |
| ISSN | 0001-8686 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Advances in Colloid and Interface Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102400 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IKR7LGAD | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 9:21:09 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:27:33 |
| Autor | Tomasz R. Sosnowski | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-24 | |
| Abstrakt | The high rate of spreading of COVID-19 is attributed to airborne particles exhaled by infected but often asymptomatic individuals. In this review the role of aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus transmission is discussed from the bio-physical perspective. The essential properties of the coronavirus virus transported inside aerosol droplets, their successive inhalation, and size-dependent deposition in the respiratory system are highlighted. The importance of face covers (respirators and masks) in the reduction of aerosol spreading is analyzed. Finally, the discussion of the physicochemical phenomena upon coronavirus enter to surface of lung liquids (bronchial mucus and pulmonary surfactant) is presented with a focus on a possible role of interfacial phenomena in pulmonary alveoli. Information given in this review should be important in understanding the essential biophysical conditions of COVID-19 infection via aerosol route as a prerequisite for effective strategies of respiratory tract protection and, possibly, indications for future treatments of the disease. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 9:21:09 | |
| Publikace | Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science | |
| Krátký název | Inhaled aerosols | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 54 | |
| Rozsah | 101451 | |
| ISSN | 1359-0294 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101451 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JKZMLAYM | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 9:21:09 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:13:16 |
| Autor | Lidia Morawska | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Giorgio Buonanno | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-23 | |
| Abstrakt | In every breath, humans take in particles that may be deposited on the respiratory tract and exhale particles that may contain pathogens. Lidia Morawska and Giorgio Buonanno explain how physics advances are needed to understand these processes. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:26:53 | |
| Publikace | Nature Reviews Physics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 1-2 | |
| Práva | 2021 Springer Nature Limited | |
| Extra | Publisher: Nature Publishing Group | |
| ISSN | 2522-5820 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.nature.com | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s42254-021-00307-4 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TKWESBZG | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:26:53 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:55:49 |
| Autor | Saikat Basu | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-23 | |
| Abstrakt | How human respiratory physiology and the transport phenomena associated with inhaled airflow in the upper airway proceed to impact transmission of SARS-CoV-2, leading to the initial infection, stays an open question. An answer can help determine the susceptibility of an individual on exposure to a COVID-2019 carrier and can also provide a preliminary projection of the still-unknown infectious dose for the disease. Computational fluid mechanics enabled tracking of respiratory transport in medical imaging-based anatomic domains shows that the regional deposition of virus-laden inhaled droplets at the initial nasopharyngeal infection site peaks for the droplet size range of approximately 2.5–19. Through integrating the numerical findings on inhaled transmission with sputum assessment data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and earlier measurements of ejecta size distribution generated during regular speech, this study further reveals that the number of virions that may go on to establish the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a subject could merely be in the order of hundreds. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:12:23 | |
| Publikace | Scientific Reports | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 6652 | |
| Práva | 2021 The Author(s) | |
| Extra | Number: 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group | |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.nature.com | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-021-85765-7 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HGR3J9FM | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:12:23 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:57:48 |
| Autor | Rick Heida | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Wouter LJ Hinrichs | |
| Autor | Henderik W. Frijlink | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction: As underlined by the late 2019 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccination remains the cornerstone of global health-care. Although vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 are being developed at a record-breaking pace, the majority of those that are licensed or currently registered in clinical trials are formulated as an injectable product, requiring a tightly regulated cold-chain infrastructure, and primarily inducing systemic immune responses.Areas covered: Here, we shed light on the status of inhaled vaccines against viral pathogens, providing background to the role of the mucosal immune system and elucidating what factors determine an inhalable vaccine’s efficacy. We also discuss whether the development of an inhalable powder vaccine formulation against SARS-CoV-2 could be feasible. The review was conducted using relevant studies from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar.Expert opinion: We believe that the scope of vaccine research should be broadened toward inhalable dry powder formulations since dry vaccines bear several advantages. Firstly, their dry state can tremendously increase vaccine stability and shelf-life. Secondly, they can be inhaled using disposable inhalers, omitting the need for trained health-care personnel and, therefore, facilitating mass-vaccination campaigns. Thirdly, inhalable vaccines may provide improved protection since they can induce an IgA-mediated mucosal immune response. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 9:35:18 | |
| Publikace | Expert Review of Vaccines | |
| Krátký název | Inhaled vaccine delivery in the combat against respiratory viruses | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2021.1903878 PMID: 33749491 | |
| ISSN | 1476-0584 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/14760584.2021.1903878 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7XE25GT2 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 9:35:18 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:28:06 |
| Autor | Tu (Thi Kha) Nguyen | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-18 | |
| Abstrakt | The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes the importance of understanding exposures to zoonotic reservoirs, active surveillance for pathogens and novel viruses and having feasible testing for quick identification of emerging viruses in future outbreaks. A cohort of 581 individuals working with animals in Vietnam was established (2013–2016). Nasal-throat swabs of the participants and their animals were collected at beginning of each year (no any respiratory symptoms) for baseline data, and whenever the participants reported any respiratory symptom and fever. The analysis shows that the participants were frequently exposed to zoonotic sources by both occupational activities and non-occupational activities (e.g. farming animals surrounding their house, consuming of raw animal blood or meat), or by no or limited use of personal protective equipment, or by exposure to a large variety of animal species. Multiplex RT-PCRs screening for 15 common respiratory viral viruses reveals that enteroviruses and rhinoviruses were predominant viruses detected throughout the study. mNGS analysis of 91 disease-episodes swabs in 2013 successfully detected rhinovirus, enterovirus, influenza A virus, coronavirus OC43, and RSV A in 13 of 15 (86.7%) RT-PCR positive samples (positive controls). Additionally, rotavirus, torque teno virus, human papillomavirus and human betaherpesvirus 7 were also detected. Notably, a vientovirus of a recently discovered Redondoviridae family, a novel cyclovirus, a novel gemycircularvirus and a novel statovirus were also detected and genetically characterized. The results offer important insights into the virome of acute respiratory infections in individuals at high risk of zoonotic infections. The mNGS protocol used here is highly sensitive for sequence-independent detection of a wide range of viruses. Using PCR to screen in all mNGS samples, the virus detection of mNGS were successfully replicated by PCR. However, redondoviruses were additionally detected in 29, the novel cyclovirus in 5, the novel gemycircularvirus in 12 mNGS-negative samples. This result reveals the prevalence of these viruses and emphasizes that standard PCR remains a more sensitive diagnostic test for known viruses than mNGS. No evidence of redondoviruses was found by PCR screenings in nasal-throat swabs of pigs, chicken, Muscovy ducks, ducks and dogs that the virus-positive participants were exposed to. Similarly, the novel statovirus was not detected in animal samples. In contrast, sequences of the novel cyclovirus and gemycircularvirus were found in pig swabs. However, passive contamination in respiratory tracts of both humans and their animals cannot be excluded. Additionally, the same replication gene sequence of redondoviruses was detected in longitudinal samples of several participants, indicating likelihood of redondovirus persistence in the human nasopharynx. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a wide geographic distribution and diversity of redondoviruses. Collectively, these data provided new insights into the high prevalence, widespread, possible chronic shedding in human respiratory tracts and lack of evidence about zoonotic origin of redondoviruses | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:05:50 | |
| URL | http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-7184-9 | |
| Krátký název | Viruses in the upper respiratory tract of individuals at risk of zoonotic infection and their animals in Vietnam | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty. | |
| Extra | Accepted: 2021-03-09T12:01:00Z ISBN: 9789515171849 Publisher: Helsingin yliopisto | |
| Katalog knihovny | helda.helsinki.fi | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QSJZPZPS | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:05:50 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:33 |
| Autor | Xiaoguang Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jing Li | |
| Autor | Qinggang Ge | |
| Autor | Yuguang Du | |
| Autor | Guoqiang Li | |
| Autor | Wei Li | |
| Autor | Tong Zhang | |
| Autor | Lei Tan | |
| Autor | Runqiang Zhang | |
| Autor | Xiaoning Yuan | |
| Autor | He Zhang | |
| Autor | Chen Zhang | |
| Autor | Wenjun Liu | |
| Autor | Wei Ding | |
| Autor | Liang Sun | |
| Autor | Ke Chen | |
| Autor | Zhuo Wang | |
| Autor | Ning Shen | |
| Autor | Jun Lu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-17 | |
| Abstrakt | In the COVID-19 outbreaking year 2020, there became a consensus on the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads through aerosols. However, it still remains a great challenge to find an efficient detection way of less virus in aerosol, so that the risk of similar infection can be early monitored and then better controlled. Our study aimed to build a swirling aerosol collection (SAC) device to collect viral particles in exhaled breath and subsequently detect SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Laboratory tests of the SAC device using aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, indicate that the SAC device can give a positive result in just 10 seconds with collection distance to the source at 10 cm, when the concentration of the pseudovirus release source at 10,000 copies/mL. The product threshold of the SAC device is estimated 18,000~100,000 s·copies/mL after combining virus concentration and sampling time. Subsequent clinical trials of the device found three positives and 14 negatives out of 27 patients in agreement with pharyngeal swabs, and 10 patients got opposite results; while no positive was found in a healthy control group (n=12). Based on standard curve calibration, several thousands of the virus per minute is revealed in tested exhalations. Furthermore, referring the average tidal volume data of adults, it is estimated that the SARS-CoV-2 virus concentration in exhale about one copy per milliliter is detectable for COVID-19 patients. This validates the original concept of breath detection of SARS-CoV-2 using SAC combined RT-PCR. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:09:51 | |
| Publikace | Frontiers in Medicine | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 8 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Frontiers | |
| ISSN | 2296-858X | |
| Katalog knihovny | Frontiers | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Front. Med. | |
| DOI | 10.3389/fmed.2021.604392 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7BGNPWDI | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:09:51 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:10:15 |
| Autor | Bing He | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Chunyan Qin | |
| Autor | Wenbo Chen | |
| Autor | Binghai Wen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-15 | |
| Abstrakt | The aerosol formation is associated with the rupture of the liquid plug during the pulmonary airway reopening. The fluid dynamics of this process is difficult to predict because the rupture involved complex liquid-gas transition. Equation of state (EOS) plays a key role in the thermodynamic process of liquid-gas transition. Here, we propose an EOS-based multiphase lattice Boltzmann model, in which the nonideal force is directly evaluated by EOSs. This multiphase model is used to model the pulmonary airway reopening and study aerosol formation during exhalation. The numerical model is first validated with the simulations of Fujioka et al.(2008). and the result is in reasonable agreement with their study. Furthermore, two rupture cases with and without aerosol formation are contrasted and analyzed. It is found that the injury on the epithelium in the case with aerosol formation is essentially the same that of without aerosol formation even while the pressure drop in airway increases by about 67%. Then extensive simulations are performed to investigate the effects of pressure drop, thickness of liquid plug and film on aerosol size and the mechanical stresses. The results show that aerosol size and the mechanical stresses increase as the pressure drop enlarges and thickness of liquid plug become thicken, while aerosol size and the mechanical stresses decrease as thickness of liquid film is thicken. The present multiphase model can be extended to study the generation and transmission of bioaerosols which can carry the bioparticles of influenza or coronavirus. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:09:09 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.08301 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2103.08301 [physics] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2103.08301 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PBZEBYMV | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:09:09 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:33 |
Comment: 16 pages,12 figures
| Autor | E. Nozza | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | S. Valentini | |
| Autor | G. Melzi | |
| Autor | R. Vecchi | |
| Autor | E. Corsini | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-12 | |
| Abstrakt | Particulate matter (PM) is acknowledged to have multiple detrimental effects on human health. In this review, we report literature results on the possible link between outdoor PM and health outcomes with a focus on pulmonary infections and the mechanisms responsible for observed negative effects. PM physical and chemical properties, such as size and chemical composition, as well as major emission sources are described for a more comprehensive view about the role played by atmospheric PM in the observed adverse health effects; to this aim, major processes leading to the deposition of PM in the respiratory tract and how this can pave the way to the onset of pathologies are also presented. From the literature works here reviewed, two ways in which PM can threaten human health promoting respiratory infectious diseases are mostly taken into account. The first pathway is related to an enhanced susceptibility and here we will also report on molecular mechanisms in the lung immune system responsible for the augmented susceptibility to pathogens, such as the damage of mechanical defensive barriers, the alteration of the innate immune response, and the generation of oxidative stress. The second one deals with the relationship between infectious agents and PM; here we recall that viruses and bacteria (BioPM) are themselves part of atmospheric PM and are collected during sampling together particles of different origin; so, data should be analysed with caution in order to avoid any false cause-effect relation. To face these issues a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory as also evident from the ongoing research about the mechanisms hypothesized for the SARS-CoV-2 airborne spreading, which is still controversial and claims for further investigation. Therefore, we preferred not to include papers dealing with SARS-CoV-2. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 9:21:09 | |
| Publikace | Science of The Total Environment | |
| Krátký název | Advances on the immunotoxicity of outdoor particulate matter | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 146391 | |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Science of The Total Environment | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146391 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Q4ZX5NFY | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 9:21:09 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:26:34 |
| Autor | Amber Ather | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Abhishek Parolia | |
| Autor | Nikita B. Ruparel | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction: The presence of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in saliva and nasopharyngeal secretions has challenged the routine practice of dentistry. Use of pre-procedural mouth rinses has been recommended by several organizations to potentially reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This scoping review aimed at evaluating the available evidence on the efficacy of mouth rinses against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: A thorough literature search on electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) was performed by two independent reviewers and data from articles addressing the aim of this paper were extracted. Results: After exclusion of articles not addressing the end point in question, 12 articles were included in this scoping review. Out of the 12 articles, 7 were in vitro studies and 5 were in vivo human clinical studies. The in vitro studies used a standardized methodology (Endpoint dilution assay) to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial mouth rinses against SARS-CoV-2. The in vivo studies were done utilizing Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of samples obtained from saliva or nasopharyngeal swab or a combination of both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab. The reagents tested in these studies included povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, essential oils, and quaternary ammonium compounds and demonstrated varied efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: Based on the available evidence from in vitro studies, it can be concluded that mouth rinses have a potential to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load; however, effectiveness in in vivo conditions is still inconclusive. Owing to the substantial heterogeneity in reporting of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of mouth rinses, this review highlights the need to conduct future research with robust and standardized methodologies to confirm effectiveness of mouth rinses. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:53:25 | |
| Publikace | Frontiers in Dental Medicine | |
| Krátký název | Efficacy of Mouth Rinses Against SARS-CoV-2 | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 2 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Frontiers | |
| ISSN | 2673-4915 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Frontiers | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Front. Dent. Med | |
| DOI | 10.3389/fdmed.2021.648547 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7UQ7ZG3Z | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:53:25 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:46:24 |
| Autor | Mauro Scungio | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Silvia Crognale | |
| Autor | Davide Lelli | |
| Autor | Eleonora Carota | |
| Autor | Giuseppe Calabrò | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Thermal caves represent an environment characterized by unique chemical/physical properties, often used for treatment and care of musculoskeletal, respiratory, and skin diseases. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 8:24:05 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Geochemistry and Health | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1573-2983 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environ Geochem Health | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10653-021-00870-w | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KJ3K2FF2 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 8:24:05 | |
| Upraveno | 25. 3. 2021 8:24:21 |
| Autor | Uday Chatterjee | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ajay Chakraborty | |
| Autor | Sishir Naskar | |
| Autor | Bibhuti Saha | |
| Autor | Bhaswati Bandyapadhyay | |
| Autor | Subhasis Shee | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-03-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: Role of microaspiration of mucus mixed with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2) causing pneumonia is lacking in searched literature. Recently some authors have emphasized on microaspiration. SARS-CoV-2 primarily replicates in nasal mucosa and sheds in nasal mucus which travels down as microaspiration and causes pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of normal saline nasal spray and gargle (NSNSG) to wash off SARS-CoV-2 from nasal and pharyngeal mucosa to prevent microaspiration and pneumonia. Methods: From RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) report, we selected 62 patients for study group and 63 patients for control, having higher virion load i.e. cycle threshold (Ct) value 25 or less. Patients in study group were trained with NSNSG. We reviewed HRCT (high resolution computed tomogram) of lung in 56 patients of both groups for severity score (SS) in lung and was compared with initial HRCT Results: Thirty out of 62 (48%) of study group significantly ( p =0·01) became RT-PCR negative following NSNSG compared to 16 out of 63 patients (25%) of control. Thirty one out of 34 patients (91%) of study group either improved or inhibited progression of SS in lung HRCT. In control group, 14 out of 22 patients (63%) also showed favourable findings. Nevertheless, study group significantly improved ( p =0·028) in SS. Conclusions: NSNSG is significantly efficacious to wash off SARS-CoV-2 from nasal cavity and pharynx, and to break supply chain of SARS-CoV-2 from source to prevent microaspiration in lung alveoli and pneumonia. From that phenomenon we infer that SARS-CoV-2 as a ‘surface virus’ and it seems that vaccine resistant SARS-CoV-2 and different strains of SARS-CoV-2 would be washed off with NSNSG. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:51:32 | |
| URL | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-153598/v2 | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-153598/v2 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4BLWNQ8W | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:51:32 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:54:39 |
| Autor | Rosa Costa | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Felipe Bueno | |
| Autor | Eliseo Albert | |
| Autor | Ignacio Torres | |
| Autor | Silvia Carbonell-Sahuquillo | |
| Autor | Ana Barrés-Fernández | |
| Autor | David Sánchez | |
| Autor | Carmelo Padrón | |
| Autor | Javier Colomina | |
| Autor | María Isabel Lázaro Carreño | |
| Autor | José Rafael Bretón-Martínez | |
| Autor | Cecilia Martínez-Costa | |
| Autor | David Navarro | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-03 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives There is limited information comparing SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in the upper respiratory tract (URT) between children and adults, either presenting with COVID-19 or asymptomatic. Here we conducted a retrospective, single center study involving a large cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals to address this issue. Patients and Methods A total of 1,184 consecutive subjects (256 children and 928 adults) testing positive for SARS-COV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal exudates (NP) were included, of whom 424 (121 children and 303 adults) had COVID-19 not requiring hospitalization and 760 (135 children and 625 adults) were asymptomatic close contacts of COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing was carried out using the TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MS, USA). The AMPLIRUN® TOTAL SARS-CoV-2 RNA Control (Vircell SA, Granada, Spain) was used for estimating SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads (in copies/mL). Results Median SARS-COV-2 RNA loads were comparable between adults and children with COVID-19 (7.14 log<sub>10</sub> copies/ml vs. 6.98 log<sub>10</sub> copies/ml; <i>P</i>=0.094). Median SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in asymptomatic children and adults was similar (6.20 log<sub>10</sub> copies/ml vs. 6.48 log<sub>10</sub> copies/ml; <i>P</i>=0.97). Children with COVID-19 symptoms displayed SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads comparable to their asymptomatic counterparts (<i>P</i>=0.61). Meanwhile in adults, median SARS-CoV-2 RNA load was significantly higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic subjects (<i>P</i>=<0.001), yet comparable (<i>P</i>=0.61) when the analysis excluded patients sampled within 48 h after symptoms onset. Conclusions The data suggest that children may be drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the general population at the same level as adults. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 14:16:18 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.03.03.21252814 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), CC BY-NC 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2021.03.03.21252814 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BFSZCDZ7 | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 14:16:18 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:56:39 |
| Autor | Daniela A. Brandini | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Aline S. Takamiya | |
| Autor | Pari Thakkar | |
| Autor | Samantha Schaller | |
| Autor | Rani Rahat | |
| Autor | Afsar R. Naqvi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that clinically affects multiple organs of the human body. Cells in the oral cavity express viral entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 that allows viral replication and may cause tissue inflammation and destruction. Recent studies have reported that Covid-19 patients present oral manifestations with multiple clinical aspects. In this review, we aim to summarise main signs and symptoms of Covid-19 in the oral cavity, its possible association with oral diseases, and the plausible underlying mechanisms of hyperinflammation reflecting crosstalk between Covid-19 and oral diseases. Ulcers, blisters, necrotising gingivitis, opportunistic coinfections, salivary gland alterations, white and erythematous plaques and gustatory dysfunction were the most reported clinical oral manifestations in patients with Covid-19. In general, the lesions appear concomitant with the loss of smell and taste. Multiple reports show evidences of necrotic/ulcerative gingiva, oral blisters and hypergrowth of opportunistic oral pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits tropism for endothelial cells and Covid-19-mediated endotheliitis can not only promote inflammation in oral tissues but can also facilitate virus spread. In addition, elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators in patients with Covid-19 and oral infectious disease can impair tissue homeostasis and cause delayed disease resolution. This suggests potential crosstalk of immune-mediated pathways underlying pathogenesis. Interestingly, few reports suggest recurrent herpetic lesions and higher bacterial growth in Covid-19 subjects, indicating SARS-CoV-2 and oral virus/bacteria interaction. Larger cohort studies comparing SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive subjects will reveal oral manifestation of the virus on oral health and its role in exacerbating oral infection. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 9:44:09 | |
| Publikace | Reviews in Medical Virology | |
| Krátký název | Covid-19 and oral diseases | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 15 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Práva | © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/rmv.2226 | |
| ISSN | 1099-1654 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/rmv.2226 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JNCEARG6 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 9:44:09 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:29:36 |
| Autor | Mira L. Pöhlker | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ovid O. Krüger | |
| Autor | Jan-David Förster | |
| Autor | Wolfgang Elbert | |
| Autor | Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky | |
| Autor | Ulrich Pöschl | |
| Autor | Christopher Pöhlker | |
| Autor | Gholamhossein Bagheri | |
| Autor | Eberhard Bodenschatz | |
| Autor | J. Alex Huffman | |
| Autor | Simone Scheithauer | |
| Autor | Eugene Mikhailov | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Knowing the physicochemical properties of exhaled droplets and aerosol particles is a prerequisite for a detailed mechanistic understanding and effective prevention of the airborne transmission of infectious human diseases. This article provides a critical review and synthesis of scientific knowledge on the number concentrations, size distributions, composition, mixing state, and related properties of respiratory particles emitted upon breathing, speaking, singing, coughing, and sneezing. We derive and present a parametrization of respiratory particle size distributions based on five lognormal modes related to different origins in the respiratory tract, which can be used to trace and localize the sources infectious particles. This approach may support the medical treatment as well as the risk assessment for aerosol and droplet transmission of infectious diseases. It was applied to analyze which respiratory activities may drive the spread of specific pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza viruses, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The results confirm the high relevance of vocalization for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the usefulness of face masks, including community, medical, and N95/FFP2 masks, as preventive measures against COVID-19 and other airborne infectious diseases. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 12:55:14 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.01188 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2103.01188 [physics] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2103.01188 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3V5MJIFJ | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 12:55:15 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:34 |
| Autor | Alexandre Fabregat | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ferran Gisbert | |
| Autor | Anton Vernet | |
| Autor | Som Dutta | |
| Autor | Ketan Mittal | |
| Autor | Jordi Pallarès | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | A main route for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) transmission involves airborne droplets and aerosols generated when a person talks, coughs, or sneezes. The residence time and spatial extent of these virus-laden aerosols are mainly controlled by their size and the ability of the background flow to disperse them. Therefore, a better understanding of the role played by the flow driven by respiratory events is key in estimating the ability of pathogen-laden particles to spread the infection. Here, we numerically investigate the hydrodynamics produced by a violent expiratory event resembling a mild cough. Coughs can be split into an initial jet stage during which air is expelled through mouth and a dissipative phase over which turbulence intensity decays as the puff penetrates the environment. Time-varying exhaled velocity and buoyancy due to temperature differences between the cough and the ambient air affect the overall flow dynamics. The direct numerical simulation (DNS) of an idealized isolated cough is used to characterize the jet/puff dynamics using the trajectory of the leading turbulent vortex ring and extract its topology by fitting an ellipsoid to the exhaled fluid contour. The three-dimensional structure of the simulated cough shows that the assumption of a spheroidal puff front fails to capture the observed ellipsoidal shape. Numerical results suggest that, although analytical models provide reasonable estimates of the distance traveled by the puff, trajectory predictions exhibit larger deviations from the DNS. The fully resolved hydrodynamics presented here can be used to inform new analytical models, leading to improved prediction of cough-induced pathogen-laden aerosol dispersion. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 12:58:06 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Ročník | 33 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 035122 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Physics of Fluids | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0042086 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/U9ZQAJ35 | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 12:58:06 | |
| Upraveno | 26. 3. 2021 13:29:17 |
| Autor | Sergey V. Valiulin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andrey A. Onischuk | |
| Autor | Sergey N. Dubtsov | |
| Autor | Anatoly M. Baklanov | |
| Autor | Sergey V. An'kov | |
| Autor | Maria E. Plokhotnichenko | |
| Autor | Tatyana G. Tolstikova | |
| Autor | Galina G. Dultseva | |
| Autor | Vladimir L. Rusinov | |
| Autor | Valery N. Charushin | |
| Autor | Vasily M. Fomin | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Under pandemic-caused emergency, evaluation of the potential of existing antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 is relevant. Triazavirin, an antiviral drug developed in Russia for per-oral administration, is involved in clinical trials against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This virus has affinity to epithelial cells in respiratory tract, so drug delivery directly in lungs may enhance therapeutic effect and reduce side effects for stomach, liver, kidneys. We elaborated ultrasonic method of triazavirin aerosol generation and investigated the inhalation delivery of this drug in mice. Mean particle size and number concentration of aerosol used in inhalation experiments are 560 nm and 4 × 105 cm−3, respectively. Aerosol mass concentration is 1.6 × 10−4 mg/cm3. Inhalation for 20 min in a nose-only chamber resulted in 2 mg/kg body delivered dose and 2.6 μg/mL triazavirin concentration in blood plasma. Elimination rate constant determined in aerosol administration experiments was ke = 0.077 min−1, which agrees with the value measured after intravenous delivery, but per-oral administration resulted in considerably lower apparent elimination rate constant of pseudo-first order, probably due to non-linear dependence of absorption rate on triazavirin concentration in gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of triazavirin aerosol is found to be 85%, which is about four times higher than for per-oral administration. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 11:45:55 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences | |
| Krátký název | Aerosol Inhalation Delivery of Triazavirin in Mice | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 110 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 1316-1322 | |
| ISSN | 0022-3549 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.016 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IFJ2WUE4 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 11:45:55 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:30:38 |
| Autor | Li Yuguo | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues to spread. As I write this editorial in a quarantine hotel in Beijing on 26 October 2020, more than 38 million people worldwide have been infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that causes COVID‐19, and more than 1 million have died from COVID‐19, according to the WHO COVID‐19 dashboard. Before vaccines and antiviral drugs are made available, non‐pharmaceutical interventions such as physical (social) distancing and quarantine have become our only defense against this new coronavirus. Implementing an appropriate level of intervention has been difficult, partly due to our poor understanding of the transmission routes of the virus. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:20:50 | |
| Publikace | Indoor air | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 31 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 279-281 | |
| Extra | PMID: 33620780 | |
| ISSN | 1600-0668 | |
| Katalog knihovny | europepmc.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Indoor Air | |
| DOI | 10.1111/ina.12806 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/SGLQ2293 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:20:50 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:05:46 |
| Autor | Hamed Mortazavi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hamidreza Mortazavy Beni | |
| Autor | Fatemeh Aghaei | |
| Autor | Seyed Hossein Sajadian | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Background and Objective: It is crucial to study the uptake of viral droplets in the human respiratory system to control, prevent, and treat diseases. Methods: In this study, a well-verified real anatomical model was used; the passage of air in the human upper respiratory system computed using high-quality Computer Tomography (CT) images. Then, the airflow field, along with the coronavirus micro-droplets injection, was examined in this realistic model using the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) method. The Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was used to solve the field, and with the help of it, the accurate assessment of the temporal and spatial motion of the deposition in the virus-impregnated droplets was obtained in vitro in the upper respiratory system. Results: The results show that the amount of deposited micro-droplets in the nasal cavity area is meager at the inhalation only through the oral. However, it has the most residence time in this area. The most and least droplet absorption occurred in the oral cavity and larynx-trachea, respectively. Deposition efficiency is about 100% in 30 L/min flow rate and 10 μm diameter; in other words, no droplet enters the lungs. This study's other achievements include the relatively inverse relationship between droplets deposition efficiency in some parts of the upper airway, which have the most deformation in the tract. Conclusions: Utilization of a realistic model with accurate and precise computational analysis can end speculation about the deposition zone, accumulation, and the effects of the COVID-19 virus on the upper respiratory tract. On the other hand, recognizing the virus-containing droplet location can ease understanding the areas where the virus can first infect in the upper respiratory tract. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:23:34 | |
| Publikace | Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 200 | |
| Rozsah | 105843 | |
| ISSN | 0169-2607 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105843 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XCFUSI4D | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 12:15:38 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:05:16 |
| Autor | Julu Bhatnagar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Joy Gary | |
| Autor | Sarah Reagan-Steiner | |
| Autor | Lindsey B Estetter | |
| Autor | Suxiang Tong | |
| Autor | Ying Tao | |
| Autor | Amy M Denison | |
| Autor | Elizabeth Lee | |
| Autor | Marlene DeLeon-Carnes | |
| Autor | Yan Li | |
| Autor | Anna Uehara | |
| Autor | Clinton R Paden | |
| Autor | Brooke Leitgeb | |
| Autor | Timothy M Uyeki | |
| Autor | Roosecelis B Martines | |
| Autor | Jana M Ritter | |
| Autor | Christopher D Paddock | |
| Autor | Wun-Ju Shieh | |
| Autor | Sherif R Zaki | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to produce substantial morbidity and mortality. To understand the reasons for the wide-spectrum complications and severe outcomes of COVID-19, we aimed to identify cellular targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tropism and replication in various tissues.We evaluated RNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded autopsy tissues from 64 case patients (age range, 1 month to 84 years; 21 COVID-19 confirmed, 43 suspected COVID-19) by SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For cellular localization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and viral characterization, we performed in situ hybridization (ISH), subgenomic RNA RT-PCR, and whole-genome sequencing.SARS-CoV-2 was identified by RT-PCR in 32 case patients (21 COVID-19 confirmed, 11 suspected). ISH was positive in 20 and subgenomic RNA RT-PCR was positive in 17 of 32 RT-PCR–positive case patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was localized by ISH in hyaline membranes, pneumocytes, and macrophages of lungs; epithelial cells of airways; and endothelial cells and vessel walls of brain stem, leptomeninges, lung, heart, liver, kidney, and pancreas. The D614G variant was detected in 9 RT-PCR–positive case patients.We identified cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 tropism and replication in the lungs and airways and demonstrated its direct infection in vascular endothelium. This work provides important insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and mechanisms of severe outcomes. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:30:24 | |
| Publikace | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| Krátký název | Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication and Tropism in the Lungs, Airways, and Vascular Endothelium of Patients With Fatal Coronavirus Disease 2019 | |
| Ročník | 223 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 752-764 | |
| ISSN | 0022-1899 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1093/infdis/jiab039 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LDSRNC9W | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:30:24 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:01:26 |
| Autor | Qingyuan Zhu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yaling Zhang | |
| Autor | Li Wang | |
| Autor | Xiangyu Yao | |
| Autor | Daitze Wu | |
| Autor | Junjun Cheng | |
| Autor | Xiaoyu Pan | |
| Autor | Haixia Liu | |
| Autor | Zhipeng Yan | |
| Autor | Lu Gao | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus initiated a pneumonia outbreak (COVID-19) that rapidly spread worldwide and quickly became a public health emergency of international concern; However to date, except Remdesivir, there are no clinically approved specific or effective medicines to prevent or treat COVID-19. Therefore, the development of novel treatments against coronavirus infections caused by the current SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as other highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, represents an urgent unmet need. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a central role in host defense mechanisms against microbial infections. STING activation leads to the induction of both type I interferon and autophagy responses, which elicit strong inhibitory effect against the infections caused by a broad range of microbial pathogens. However, whether STING activation can impact infections from SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-coronavirus activity triggered by STING activation. We discovered that dimeric amidobenzimidazole (diABZI), a synthetic small molecule STING receptor agonist, showed potent anti-coronavirus activity against both the common cold human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture systems. In addition, we demonstrated that the antiviral activity of diABZI was dependent on the interferon pathway in HCoV-229E infected normal human fibroblast lung cells (MRC-5) and reconstituted primary human airway air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. Furthermore, low-dose of diABZI treatment at 0.1 μM effectively reduced the SARS-CoV-2 viral load at the epithelial apical surface and prevented epithelial damage in the reconstituted primary human bronchial airway epithelial ALI system. Our findings have thus revealed the therapeutic potential of STING agonists, such as diABZI, as treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronavirus infections. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:52:50 | |
| Publikace | Antiviral Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 187 | |
| Rozsah | 105015 | |
| ISSN | 0166-3542 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Antiviral Research | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105015 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BDPCK7B8 | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:52:50 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:02:57 |
| Autor | William G. Bain | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hernán F. Peñaloza | |
| Autor | Mark S. Ladinsky | |
| Autor | Rick van der Geest | |
| Autor | Mara Sullivan | |
| Autor | Mark Ross | |
| Autor | Georgios D. Kitsios | |
| Autor | Barbara A. Methé | |
| Autor | Bryan J. McVerry | |
| Autor | Alison Morris | |
| Autor | Alan M. Watson | |
| Autor | Simon C. Watkins | |
| Autor | Claudette M. St Croix | |
| Autor | Donna B. Stolz | |
| Autor | Pamela J. Bjorkman | |
| Autor | Janet S. Lee | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia may induce an aberrant immune response with brisk recruitment of myeloid cells into the airspaces.1 Although the clinical implications are unclear, others have suggested that infiltrating myeloid cells may contribute to morbidity and mortality rates during SARS-CoV-2 infection.1, 2, 3 However, few reports have characterized myeloid cells from the lower respiratory tract, which appears to be the primary site of viral-induced disease, during severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 14:20:58 | |
| Publikace | Chest | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 159 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 963-966 | |
| ISSN | 0012-3692 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Chest | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.083 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N8P6KSAV | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:05:34 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:21:21 |
| Autor | Julia Koch-Heier | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Helen Hoffmann | |
| Autor | Michael Schindler | |
| Autor | Adrian Lussi | |
| Autor | Oliver Planz | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03 | |
| Abstrakt | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic effects daily dental work. Therefore, infection control measures are necessary to prevent infection of dental personnel during dental treatments. The use of a preprocedural mouth rinse with chlorhexidine (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution for 30–60 s may reduce the viral load and may protect the personnel in a dental practice. In the present study the virucidal effect of the mouth rinsing solutions ViruProX® with 0.05% CPC and 1.5% H2O2 and BacterX® pro containing 0.1% CHX, 0.05% CPC, and 0.005% sodium fluoride (F-) was investigated in vitro. The mouth rinsing solutions successfully inactivated infectious SARS-CoV-2 particles, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), within 30 s. To determine the effective components, CHX, CPC, H2O2, and a combination of CHX and CPC, were tested against SARS-CoV-2 in addition. While a combination of CPC and CHX as well as CPC alone led to a significant reduction of infectious viral particles, H2O2 and CHX alone had no virucidal effect against SARS-CoV-2. It can be assumed that preprocedural rinsing of the mouth with ViruProX® or BacterX® pro will reduce the viral load in the oral cavity and could thus lower the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in dental practice. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:53:06 | |
| Publikace | Microorganisms | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 9 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 521 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 3 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/microorganisms9030521 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FY6QMEES | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:53:06 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:42:36 |
| Autor | Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Julien Poissy | |
| Autor | Mahdi Ouafi | |
| Autor | Morgan Caplan | |
| Autor | Ilyes Benhalima | |
| Autor | Julien Goutay | |
| Autor | Claire Tinez | |
| Autor | Karine Faure | |
| Autor | Marie-Charlotte Chopin | |
| Autor | Cecile Yelnik | |
| Autor | Marc Lambert | |
| Autor | Didier Hober | |
| Autor | Sebastien Preau | |
| Autor | Saad Nseir | |
| Autor | Ilka Engelmann | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-03 | |
| Abstrakt | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an ongoing pandemic. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and has been applied to different specimen types. Understanding the virus load and virus detection frequency in different specimen types is important to improve diagnosis and estimate the duration of potential infectivity. We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study on hospitalized and outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analyzed the frequency of virus detection, virus load, and duration of the virus excretion in upper and lower respiratory specimens as well as stool and plasma. We found that the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 detection, the virus load, and duration of virus excretion was higher in lower respiratory tract (LRT) than in upper respiratory tract (URT) specimens. The duration of virus excretion was longer in patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In conclusion, LRT specimens are the most appropriate specimen type for the detection and follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Duration of virus excretion is longer in severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 11:32:25 | |
| Publikace | Diagnostics | |
| Krátký název | Spatial and Temporal Virus Load Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 427 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: Mdpi WOS:000633574200001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Diagnostics | |
| DOI | 10.3390/diagnostics11030427 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YWS76LNY | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:32:25 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:21:56 |
| Autor | Debra T. Linfield | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andjela Raduka | |
| Autor | Mahyar Aghapour | |
| Autor | Fariba Rezaee | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-26 | |
| Abstrakt | The apical junctional complexes (AJCs) of airway epithelial cells are a key component of the innate immune system by creating barriers to pathogens, inhaled allergens, and environmental particles. AJCs form between adjacent cells and consist of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). Respiratory viruses have been shown to target various components of the AJCs, leading to airway epithelial barrier dysfunction by different mechanisms. Virus-induced epithelial permeability may allow for allergens and bacterial pathogens to subsequently invade. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to disruption of AJCs and the potential ensuing ramifications. We focus on the following viruses that affect the pulmonary system: respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza viruses, immunodeficiency virus, and other viruses such as coxsackievirus, adenovirus, coronaviruses, measles, parainfluenza virus, bocavirus, and vaccinia virus. Understanding the mechanisms by which viruses target the AJC and impair barrier function may help design therapeutic innovations to treat these infections. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 9:41:02 | |
| Publikace | Tissue Barriers | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Rozsah | 1883965 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2021.1883965 PMID: 33632074 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/21688370.2021.1883965 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EDG7GULY | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 9:41:02 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:40:19 |
| Autor | Gwanghui Ryu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hyun-Woo Shin | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading worldwide since its outbreak in December 2019, and World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and is transmitted through airway epithelial cells as the first gateway. SARS-CoV-2 is detected by nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab samples, and the viral load is significantly high in the upper respiratory tract. The host cellular receptors in airway epithelial cells, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane serine protease 2, have been identified by single-cell RNA sequencing or immunostaining. The expression levels of these molecules vary by type, function, and location of airway epithelial cells, such as ciliated cells, secretory cells, olfactory epithelial cells, and alveolar epithelial cells, as well as differ from host to host depending on age, sex, or comorbid diseases. Infected airway epithelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 in ex vivo experiments produce chemokines and cytokines to recruit inflammatory cells to target organs. Same as other viral infections, IFN signaling is a critical pathway for host defense. Various studies are underway to confirm the pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we review cellular entry, host-viral interactions, immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in airway epithelial cells. We also discuss therapeutic options related to epithelial immune reactions to SARS-CoV-2. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:50:38 | |
| Publikace | Immune Network | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| ISSN | 2092-6685 | |
| Katalog knihovny | immunenetwork.org | |
| DOI | 10.4110/in.2021.21.e3 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/S4XCQHZQ | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:50:38 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:42:51 |
| Autor | Imran Sulaiman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Matthew Chung | |
| Autor | Luis Angel | |
| Autor | Jun-Chieh J. Tsay | |
| Autor | Benjamin G. Wu | |
| Autor | Stephen T. Yeung | |
| Autor | Kelsey Krolikowski | |
| Autor | Yonghua Li | |
| Autor | Ralf Duerr | |
| Autor | Rosemary Schluger | |
| Autor | Sara A. Thannickal | |
| Autor | Akiko Koide | |
| Autor | Samaan Rafeq | |
| Autor | Clea Barnett | |
| Autor | Radu Postelnicu | |
| Autor | Chang Wang | |
| Autor | Stephanie Banakis | |
| Autor | Lizzette Perez-Perez | |
| Autor | George Jour | |
| Autor | Guomiao Shen | |
| Autor | Peter Meyn | |
| Autor | Joseph Carpenito | |
| Autor | Xiuxiu Liu | |
| Autor | Kun Ji | |
| Autor | Destiny Collazo | |
| Autor | Anthony Labarbiera | |
| Autor | Nancy Amoroso | |
| Autor | Shari Brosnahan | |
| Autor | Vikramjit Mukherjee | |
| Autor | David Kaufman | |
| Autor | Jan Bakker | |
| Autor | Anthony Lubinsky | |
| Autor | Deepak Pradhan | |
| Autor | Daniel H. Sterman | |
| Autor | Michael Weiden | |
| Autor | Adriana Hegu | |
| Autor | Laura Evans | |
| Autor | Timothy M. Uyeki | |
| Autor | Jose C. Clemente | |
| Autor | Emmie De Wit | |
| Autor | Ann Marie Schmidt | |
| Autor | Bo Shopsin | |
| Autor | Ludovic Desvignes | |
| Autor | Chan Wang | |
| Autor | Huilin Li | |
| Autor | Bin Zhang | |
| Autor | Christian V. Forst | |
| Autor | Shohei Koide | |
| Autor | Kenneth A. Stapleford | |
| Autor | Kamal M. Khanna | |
| Autor | Elodie Ghedin | |
| Autor | Leopoldo N. Segal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-26 | |
| Abstrakt | Mortality among patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure is high and there are no known lower airway biomarkers that predict clinical outcome. We investigated whether bacterial respiratory infections and viral load were associated with poor clinical outcome and host immune tone. We obtained bacterial and fungal culture data from 589 critically ill subjects with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. On a subset of the subjects that underwent bronchoscopy, we also quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load, analyzed the microbiome of the lower airways by metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses and profiled the host immune response. We found that isolation of a hospital-acquired respiratory pathogen was not associated with fatal outcome. However, poor clinical outcome was associated with enrichment of the lower airway microbiota with an oral commensal (<i>Mycoplasma salivarium</i>), while high SARS-CoV-2 viral burden, poor anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, together with a unique host transcriptome profile of the lower airways were most predictive of mortality. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that 1) the extent of viral infectivity drives mortality in severe COVID-19, and therefore 2) clinical management strategies targeting viral replication and host responses to SARS-CoV-2 should be prioritized. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:25:01 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.02.23.21252221 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2021.02.23.21252221 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VQU8RRVH | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:25:01 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:58:50 |
| Autor | Dongyan Zhou | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan | |
| Autor | Biao Zhou | |
| Autor | Runhong Zhou | |
| Autor | Shuang Li | |
| Autor | Sisi Shan | |
| Autor | Li Liu | |
| Autor | Anna Jinxia Zhang | |
| Autor | Serena J. Chen | |
| Autor | Chris Chung-Sing Chan | |
| Autor | Haoran Xu | |
| Autor | Vincent Kwok-Man Poon | |
| Autor | Shuofeng Yuan | |
| Autor | Cun Li | |
| Autor | Kenn Ka-Heng Chik | |
| Autor | Chris Chun-Yiu Chan | |
| Autor | Jianli Cao | |
| Autor | Chun-Yin Chan | |
| Autor | Ka-Yi Kwan | |
| Autor | Zhenglong Du | |
| Autor | Thomas Tsz-Kan Lau | |
| Autor | Qi Zhang | |
| Autor | Jie Zhou | |
| Autor | Kelvin Kai-Wang To | |
| Autor | Linqi Zhang | |
| Autor | David D. Ho | |
| Autor | Kwok-Yung Yuen | |
| Autor | Zhiwei Chen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-25 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by a burst in the upper respiratory portal for high transmissibility. To determine human neutralizing antibodies (HuNAbs) for entry protection, we tested three potent HuNAbs (IC50 range, 0.0007–0.35 μg/mL) against live SARS-CoV-2 infection in the golden Syrian hamster model. These HuNAbs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection by competing with human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 for binding to the viral receptor binding domain (RBD). Prophylactic intraperitoneal or intranasal injection of individual HuNAb or DNA vaccination significantly reduces infection in the lungs but not in the nasal turbinates of hamsters intranasally challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Although postchallenge HuNAb therapy suppresses viral loads and lung damage, robust infection is observed in nasal turbinates treated within 1–3 days. Our findings demonstrate that systemic HuNAb suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication and injury in lungs; however, robust viral infection in nasal turbinate may outcompete the antibody with significant implications to subprotection, reinfection, and vaccine. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 10:13:41 | |
| Publikace | Cell Host & Microbe | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1931-3128 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Cell Host & Microbe | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.019 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3FTPTGZD | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 10:13:41 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:40:27 |
| Autor | Saber Soltani | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Armin Zakeri | |
| Autor | Milad Zandi | |
| Autor | Mina Mobini Kesheh | |
| Autor | Alireza Tabibzadeh | |
| Autor | Mahsa Dastranj | |
| Autor | Samireh Faramarzi | |
| Autor | Mojtaba Didehdar | |
| Autor | Hossein Hafezi | |
| Autor | Parastoo Hosseini | |
| Autor | Abbas Farahani | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-24 | |
| Abstrakt | Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to a worldwide pandemic with millions of infected patients. Alteration in humans’ microbiota was also reported in COVID-19 patients. The alteration in human microbiota may contribute to bacterial or viral infections and affect the immune system. Moreover, human’s microbiota can be altered due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these microbiota changes can indicate the progression of COVID-19. While current studies focus on the gut microbiota, it seems necessary to pay attention to the lung microbiota in COVID-19. This study is aimed at reviewing respiratory microbiota dysbiosis among COVID-19 patients to encourage further studies on the field for assessment of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory microbiota interaction. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:14:21 | |
| Publikace | BioMed Research International | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 2021 | |
| Rozsah | e6670798 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Hindawi | |
| ISSN | 2314-6133 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.hindawi.com | |
| DOI | 10.1155/2021/6670798 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PLUNLXT4 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 10:16:02 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:07:54 |
| Autor | David A. Edwards | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dennis Ausiello | |
| Autor | Jonathan Salzman | |
| Autor | Tom Devlin | |
| Autor | Robert Langer | |
| Autor | Brandon J. Beddingfield | |
| Autor | Alyssa C. Fears | |
| Autor | Lara A. Doyle-Meyers | |
| Autor | Rachel K. Redmann | |
| Autor | Stephanie Z. Killeen | |
| Autor | Nicholas J. Maness | |
| Autor | Chad J. Roy | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-23 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 transmits by droplets generated from surfaces of airway mucus during processes of respiration within hosts infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. We studied respiratory droplet generation and exhalation in human and nonhuman primate subjects with and without COVID-19 infection to explore whether SARS-CoV-2 infection, and other changes in physiological state, translate into observable evolution of numbers and sizes of exhaled respiratory droplets in healthy and diseased subjects. In our observational cohort study of the exhaled breath particles of 194 healthy human subjects, and in our experimental infection study of eight nonhuman primates infected, by aerosol, with SARS-CoV-2, we found that exhaled aerosol particles vary between subjects by three orders of magnitude, with exhaled respiratory droplet number increasing with degree of COVID-19 infection and elevated BMI-years. We observed that 18% of human subjects (35) accounted for 80% of the exhaled bioaerosol of the group (194), reflecting a superspreader distribution of bioaerosol analogous to a classical 20:80 superspreader of infection distribution. These findings suggest that quantitative assessment and control of exhaled aerosol may be critical to slowing the airborne spread of COVID-19 in the absence of an effective and widely disseminated vaccine. | |
| Přístup | 10. 2. 2021 11:53:36 | |
| Publikace | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 118 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY). | |
| Extra | Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Section: Biological Sciences | |
| ISSN | 1091-6490 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.pnas.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PNAS | |
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2021830118 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4X2YT92Q | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 2. 2021 11:53:36 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:40:49 |
| Autor | Sham Nambulli | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yufei Xiang | |
| Autor | Natasha L. Tilston-Lunel | |
| Autor | Linda J. Rennick | |
| Autor | Zhe Sang | |
| Autor | William B. Klimstra | |
| Autor | Douglas S. Reed | |
| Autor | Nicholas A. Crossland | |
| Autor | Yi Shi | |
| Autor | W. Paul Duprex | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-23 | |
| Abstrakt | Globally there is an urgency to develop effective, low-cost therapeutic interventions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We previously generated the stable and ultrapotent homotrimeric Pittsburgh inhalable Nanobody 21 (PiN-21). Using Syrian hamsters that model moderate to severe COVID-19 disease, we demonstrate the high efficacy of PiN-21 to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intranasal delivery of PiN-21 at 0.6 mg/kg protects infected animals from weight loss and substantially reduces viral burdens in both lower and upper airways compared to control. Aerosol delivery of PiN-21 facilitates deposition throughout the respiratory tract and dose minimization to 0.2 mg/kg. Inhalation treatment quickly reverses animals’ weight loss post-infection and decreases lung viral titers by 6 logs leading to drastically mitigated lung pathology and prevents viral pneumonia. Combined with the marked stability and low production cost, this novel therapy may provide a convenient and cost-effective option to mitigate the ongoing pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:57:31 | |
| Publikace | bioRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.02.23.432569 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.biorxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2021.02.23.432569 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5RZSFA6F | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:57:31 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:43:15 |
| Autor | Paul Z. Chen | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Niklas Bobrovitz | |
| Autor | Zahra Premji | |
| Autor | Marion Koopmans | |
| Autor | David N. Fisman | |
| Autor | Frank X. Gu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-19 | |
| Abstrakt | Background SARS-CoV-2 shedding dynamics in the upper (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) remain unclear. Objective To analyze SARS-CoV-2 shedding dynamics across COVID-19 severity, the respiratory tract, sex and age cohorts (aged 0 to 17 years, 18 to 59 years, and 60 years or older). Design Systematic review and pooled analyses. Setting MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science Core Collection, medRxiv and bioRxiv were searched up to 20 November 2020. Participants The systematic dataset included 1,266 adults and 136 children with COVID-19. Measurements Case characteristics (COVID-19 severity, age and sex) and quantitative respiratory viral loads (rVLs). Results In the URT, adults with severe COVID-19 had higher rVLs at 1 DFSO than adults (<i>P</i> = 0.005) or children (<i>P</i> = 0.017) with nonsevere illness. Between 1-10 DFSO, severe adults had comparable rates of SARS-CoV-2 clearance from the URT as nonsevere adults (<i>P</i> = 0.479) and nonsevere children (<i>P</i> = 0.863). In the LRT, severe adults showed higher post-symptom-onset rVLs than nonsevere adults (<i>P</i> = 0.006). In the analyzed period (4-10 DFSO), severely affected adults had no significant trend in SARS-CoV-2 clearance from LRT (<i>P</i> = 0.105), whereas nonsevere adults showed a clear trend (<i>P</i> < 0.001). After stratifying for disease severity, sex and age (including child vs. adult) were not predictive of the duration of respiratory shedding. Limitation Limited data on case comorbidities and few samples in some cohorts. Conclusion High, persistent LRT shedding of SARS-CoV-2 characterized severe COVID-19 in adults. After symptom onset, severe cases tended to have higher URT shedding than their nonsevere counterparts. Disease severity, rather than age or sex, predicted SARS-CoV-2 kinetics. LRT specimens should more accurately prognosticate COVID-19 severity than URT specimens. Primary Funding Source Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 14:14:24 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.02.17.21251926 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), CC BY-NC 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2021.02.17.21251926 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/73QN3VHY | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 14:14:24 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:01:40 |
| Autor | Humphrey Simukoko | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-16 | |
| Abstrakt | Atmospheric oxygen is an indispensable element required in order for mammalian cells to function normally. The mammalian respiratory system, through pulmonary ventilation and gas diffusion, provides the physical mechanisms by which oxygen gains access to all body cells and through which carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body. The network of tissues and organs of the respiratory system helps the mammalian body cells to absorb oxygen from the air to enable the tissues and organs to function optimally. The advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has stimulated heightened and refocused interest in the study of various aspects of the respiratory system. The SARS-CoV-2 targets the respiratory system mucosal cells and in a cascade of biological processes curtails the ability of the respiratory system to absorb and deliver oxygen to the pulmonary blood and body cells often resulting in severe disease and/or death. The mucosa and submucosa of the respiratory tract are adapted to provide both innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms against pathogens including the SARS-CoV-2. The entire respiratory tract is covered by a mucosa that transitions in its structural and functional characteristics from the upper respiratory tract to the lower respiratory tract. This chapter provides an overview of the functional anatomy and immunology of the respiratory tract covering the mucosa from the upper respiratory tract all the way up to the alveolar epithelium. In the advent of the covid-19 pandemic, a broader perspective and understanding of the anatomy and immunology of the respiratory tract will enable general readers and researchers to fully appreciate the discourse in covid-19 research as it affects the respiratory tract. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 10:20:38 | |
| Publikace | Biotechnology to Combat COVID-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: IntechOpen | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.intechopen.com | |
| DOI | 10.5772/intechopen.96251 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LAEHQJZW | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 10:20:38 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:40:59 |
| Autor | Joseph M. Courtney | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ad Bax | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The seasonality of respiratory diseases has been linked, among other factors, to low outdoor absolute humidity and low indoor relative humidity, which increase evaporation of water in the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract. We demonstrate that normal breathing results in an absorption-desorption cycle inside facemasks, in which supersaturated air is absorbed by the mask fibers during expiration, followed by evaporation during inspiration of dry environmental air. For double-layered cotton masks, which have considerable heat capacity, the temperature of inspired air rises above room temperature, and the effective increase in relative humidity can exceed 100%. We propose that the recently reported, disease-attenuating effect of generic facemasks is dominated by the strong humidity increase of inspired air. This elevated humidity promotes mucociliary clearance of pathogens from the lungs, both before and after an infection of the upper respiratory tract has occurred. Effective mucociliary clearance can delay and reduce infection of the lower respiratory tract, thus mitigating disease severity. This mode of action suggests that masks can benefit the wearer even after an infection in the upper respiratory tract has occurred, complementing the traditional function of masks to limit person-to-person disease transmission. This potential therapeutical use should be studied further. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 9:02:37 | |
| Publikace | Biophysical Journal | |
| Krátký název | Hydrating the respiratory tract | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Elsevier PMID: 33582134 | |
| ISSN | 0006-3495 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.cell.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Biophysical Journal | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.002 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KQ4WSAER | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 9:02:37 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:41:12 |
| Autor | Dirk Mürbe | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Martin Kriegel | |
| Autor | Julia Lange | |
| Autor | Lukas Schumann | |
| Autor | Anne Hartmann | |
| Autor | Mario Fleischer | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, singing activities for children and young people have been strictly regulated with far-reaching consequences for music education in schools and ensemble and choir singing in some places. This is also due to the fact, that there has been no reliable data available on aerosol emissions from adolescents speaking, singing, and shouting. By utilizing a laser particle counter in cleanroom conditions we show, that adolescents emit fewer aerosol particles during singing than what has been known so far for adults. In our data, the emission rates ranged from 16 P/s to 267 P/s for speaking, 141 P/s to 1240 P/s for singing, and 683 P/s to 4332 P/s for shouting. The data advocate an adaptation of existing risk management strategies and rules of conduct for groups of singing adolescents, like gatherings in an educational context, e.g. singing lessons or choir rehearsals. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 10:26:09 | |
| Publikace | PLOS ONE | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | e0246819 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS ONE | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0246819 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/GFYR2J2M | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 10:26:09 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:41:34 |
| Autor | Kai Leong Chong | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Chong Shen Ng | |
| Autor | Naoki Hori | |
| Autor | Rui Yang | |
| Autor | Roberto Verzicco | |
| Autor | Detlef Lohse | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-03 | |
| Abstrakt | To quantify the fate of respiratory droplets under different ambient relative humidities, direct numerical simulations of a typical respiratory event are performed. We found that, because small droplets (with initial diameter of 10 μm) are swept by turbulent eddies in the expelled humid puff, their lifetime gets extended by a factor of more than 30 times as compared to what is suggested by the classical picture by Wells, for 50% relative humidity. With increasing ambient relative humidity the extension of the lifetimes of the small droplets further increases and goes up to around 150 times for 90% relative humidity, implying more than 2 m advection range of the respiratory droplets within 1 sec. Employing Lagrangian statistics, we demonstrate that the turbulent humid respiratory puff engulfs the small droplets, leading to many orders of magnitude increase in their lifetimes, implying that they can be transported much further during the respiratory events than the large ones. Our findings provide the starting points for larger parameter studies and may be instructive for developing strategies on optimizing ventilation and indoor humidity control. Such strategies are key in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in the present autumn and upcoming winter. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 9:05:48 | |
| Publikace | Physical Review Letters | |
| Ročník | 126 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 034502 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Physical Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | APS | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Phys. Rev. Lett. | |
| DOI | 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.034502 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WMHAVBNZ | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 2. 2021 12:08:27 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:42:06 |
Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, published in Phys. Rev. Lett
| Autor | Xiuhua April Si | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mohamed Talaat | |
| Autor | Jinxiang Xi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-01 | |
| Abstrakt | When an infected person coughs, many virus-laden droplets will be exhaled out of the mouth. Droplets from deep lungs are especially infectious because the alveoli are the major sites of coronavirus replication. However, their exhalation fraction, size distribution, and exiting speeds are unclear. This study investigated the behavior and fate of respiratory droplets (0.1–4 μm) during coughs in a single-path respiratory tract model extending from terminal alveoli to mouth opening. An experimentally measured cough waveform was used to control the alveolar wall motions and the flow boundary conditions at lung branches from G2 to G18. The mouth opening was modeled after the image of a coughing subject captured using a high-speed camera. A well-tested k-ω turbulence model and Lagrangian particle tracking algorithm were applied to simulate cough flow evolutions and droplet dynamics under four cough depths, i.e., tidal volume ratio (TVR) = 0.13, 0.20. 0.32, and 0.42. The results show that 2-μm droplets have the highest exhalation fraction, regardless of cough depths. A nonlinear relationship exists between the droplet exhalation fraction and cough depth due to a complex deposition mechanism confounded by multiscale airway passages, multiregime flows, and drastic transient flow effects. The highest exhalation fraction is 1.6% at the normal cough depth (TVR = 0.32), with a mean exiting speed of 20 m/s. The finding that most exhaled droplets from deep lungs are 2 μm highlights the need for more effective facemasks in blocking 2-μm droplets and smaller both in infectious source control and self-protection from airborne virus-laden droplets. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 10:15:22 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Krátký název | SARS COV-2 virus-laden droplets coughed from deep lungs | |
| Ročník | 33 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 023306 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Physics of Fluids | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0040914 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FPUD6FUN | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 10:15:22 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:15:04 |
| Autor | F. Carrouel | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | L.S. Gonçalves | |
| Autor | M.P. Conte | |
| Autor | G. Campus | |
| Autor | J. Fisher | |
| Autor | L. Fraticelli | |
| Autor | E. Gadea-Deschamps | |
| Autor | L. Ottolenghi | |
| Autor | D. Bourgeois | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The oral cavity, an essential part of the upper aerodigestive tract, is believed to play an important role in the pathogenicity and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The identification of targeted antiviral mouth rinses to reduce salivary viral load would contribute to reducing the COVID-19 pandemic. While awaiting the results of significant clinical studies, which to date do not exist, the commercial availability of mouth rinses leads us to search among them for reagents that would have specific antiviral properties with respect to SARS-CoV-2. The challenges facing this target were examined for 7 reagents found in commercially available mouth rinses and listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website: povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, cyclodextrin, Citrox, cetylpyridinium chloride, and essential oils. Because SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, many reagents target the outer lipid membrane. Moreover, some of them can act on the capsid by denaturing proteins. Until now, there has been no scientific evidence to recommend mouth rinses with an anti–SARS-CoV-2 effect to control the viral load in the oral cavity. This critical review indicates that current knowledge of these reagents would likely improve trends in salivary viral load status. This finding is a strong sign to encourage clinical research for which quality protocols are already available in the literature. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:48:42 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Dental Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 100 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 124-132 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc | |
| ISSN | 0022-0345 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J Dent Res | |
| DOI | 10.1177/0022034520967933 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YYXVST22 | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:48:42 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:44:11 |
| Autor | H B Kadnur | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | A Ray | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Apropos of the article by Saurabh et al.,1 we would like to mention a few pertinent points.First, there has been a paradigm shift in the discharge policy of COVID-19 patients, including asymptomatic ones, from test-based strategy to symptom-based strategy. For asymptomatic patients, who are not immunocompromised, transmission-based precautions may be discontinued 10 days after the first positive COVID-19 test.2 This is largely based on studies,3,4 which show that the viability of isolated viruses becomes negligible after the said duration. In fact, viral RNA may be detected months after initial infection though with negligible infectiousness after the initial 8 days, suggesting RT PCR as poor markers of infectiousness. For those who are severely ill or immunocompromised, the duration can be increased up to 20 days as infectiousness is prolonged.5 In a test-based strategy for asymptomatic patients, two respiratory specimens (≥24 h apart) are required to be negative, irrespective of the initial date of COVID-19 detection. In light of these evidences, the conclusion of the authors to increase the period of home isolation to three weeks is contradictory. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:46:10 | |
| Publikace | QJM: An International Journal of Medicine | |
| Ročník | 114 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 139-139 | |
| ISSN | 1460-2725 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | QJM: An International Journal of Medicine | |
| DOI | 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa268 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WF7NLCTY | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:46:10 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:04:37 |
| Autor | Bruno Duarte Sabino | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fábio de Oliveira Martinez Alonso | |
| Autor | Marcia Soraya Carreteiro de Oliveira | |
| Autor | Marianna Tavares Venceslau | |
| Autor | Maria Angelica Arpon Marandino Guimarães | |
| Autor | Rafael Brandão Varella | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Intermittent SARS CoV 2 infection has been scarcely reported during the COVID-19 pandemic, and its potential for transmission remains controversial. After carefully evaluating the article published in this journal by Qian et al. [1] on SARS CoV 2 shedding, we discuss the relevance and developments of this phenomenon based on our experience, described in the following case, as well as that of other authors. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 11:20:32 | |
| Publikace | Infectious Diseases | |
| Krátký název | Long-term intermittent detection of SARS CoV 2 in the upper respiratory tract | |
| Ročník | 53 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 151-153 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2020.1837944 PMID: 33078680 | |
| ISSN | 2374-4235 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/23744235.2020.1837944 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/U76HHWW9 | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:05:34 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:22:45 |
| Autor | Irfan Bahiuddin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Setyawan Bekti Wibowo | |
| Autor | M. Syairaji | |
| Autor | Jimmy Trio Putra | |
| Autor | Cahyo Adi Pandito | |
| Autor | Ahdiar Fikri Maulana | |
| Autor | Rian Mantasa Salve Prastica | |
| Autor | Nurhazimah Nazmi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-02 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been identified as being transmitted among humans with droplets from breath, cough, and sneezes. Understanding the droplets’ behavior can be critical information to avoid disease transmission, especially while designing a device deals with human air respiratory. Although various studies have provided enormous computational fluid simulations, most cases are too specific and quite challenging to combine with other similar studies directly. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic approach to predict the droplet behavior for coughing cases using machine learning. The approach consists of three models, which are droplet generator, mask model, and free droplet model modeled using feedforward neural network (FFNN). The evaluation has shown that the three FFNNs models’ accuracies are relatively high, with R-values of more than 0.990. The model has successfully predicted the evaporation effect on the diameter reduction and the completely evaporated state, which can be considered unlearned cases for machine learning models. The predicted horizontal distance pattern also agrees with the data in the literature. In summary, the proposed approach has demonstrated the capability to predict the diameter pattern according to the experimental or previous work data at various mask face types. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 16:01:23 | |
| Publikace | Fluids | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 76 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 2 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/fluids6020076 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CTSGYEDV | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 16:01:23 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:02:40 |
| Autor | Sachin Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Alexandra Paul | |
| Autor | Sayantan Chatterjee | |
| Autor | Sabine Pütz | |
| Autor | Natasha Nehra | |
| Autor | Daniel S. Wang | |
| Autor | Arsalan Nisar | |
| Autor | Christian M. Jennings | |
| Autor | Sapun H. Parekh | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-28 | |
| Abstrakt | The novel coronavirus caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached more than 160 countries and has been declared a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) surface receptor via the spike (S) receptor-binding protein (RBD) on the virus envelope. Global data on a similar infectious disease spread by SARS-CoV-1 in 2002 indicated improved stability of the virus at lower temperatures facilitating its high transmission in the community during colder months (December–February). Seasonal viral transmissions are strongly modulated by temperatures, which can impact viral trafficking into host cells; however, an experimental study of temperature-dependent activity of SARS-CoV-2 is still lacking. We mimicked SARS-CoV-2 with polymer beads coated with the SARS-CoV-2 S protein to study the effect of seasonal temperatures on the binding of virus-mimicking nanospheres to lung epithelia. The presence of the S protein RBD on nanosphere surfaces led to binding by Calu-3 airway epithelial cells via the ACE-2 receptor. Calu-3 and control fibroblast cells with S-RBD-coated nanospheres were incubated at 33 and 37 °C to mimic temperature fluctuations in the host respiratory tract, and we found no temperature dependence in contrast to nonspecific binding of bovine serum ablumin-coated nanospheres. Moreover, the ambient temperature changes from 4 to 40 °C had no effect on S-RBD-ACE-2 ligand-receptor binding and minimal effect on the S-RBD protein structure (up to 40 °C), though protein denaturing occurred at 51 °C. Our results suggest that ambient temperatures from 4 to 40 °C have little effect on the SARS-CoV-2-ACE-2 interaction in agreement with the infection data currently reported. | |
| Přístup | 10. 2. 2021 13:58:38 | |
| Publikace | Biointerphases | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Vacuum Society | |
| ISSN | 1934-8630 | |
| Katalog knihovny | avs.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Biointerphases | |
| DOI | 10.1116/6.0000743 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ANDAMUCN | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 2. 2021 13:58:38 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:42:29 |
| Autor | Adrien Biguenet | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kevin Bouiller | |
| Autor | Solène Marty‐Quinternet | |
| Autor | Anne-Sophie Brunel | |
| Autor | Catherine Chirouze | |
| Autor | Quentin Lepiller | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-28 | |
| Abstrakt | To determine the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) respiratory viral loads (VL) during the acute phase of infection and their correlation with clinical presentation and inflammation-related biomarkers. Nasopharyngeal swabs from 453 adult SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from the Department of Infectious Diseases, Besançon, France, were collected at the time of admission or consultation for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Clinical information and concentrations of biological parameters (C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], prealbumin) were noticed. Mean respiratory VL homogeneously decreased from 7.2 log10 copies/ml (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.6–7.8) on the first day of symptoms until 4.6 log10 copies/ml (95% CI: 3.8–5.4) at day 10 (slope = −0.24; R2 = .95). VL were poorly correlated with COVID-19 symptoms and outcome, excepted for dyspnea and anosmia, which were significantly associated with lower VL (p < .05). CRP, fibrinogen, and LDH concentrations significantly increased over the first 10 days (median CRP concentrations from 36.8 mg/L at days 0–1 to 99.5 mg/L at days 8–10; p < .01), whereas prealbumin concentrations tended to decrease. Since SARS-CoV-2 respiratory VL regularly decrease in the acute phase of infection, determining the level of VL may help predicting the onset of virus shedding in a specific patient. However, the role of SARS-CoV-2 VL as a biomarker of severity is limited. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:44:49 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Medical Virology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 93 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 1761-1765 | |
| Práva | © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jmv.26489 | |
| ISSN | 1096-9071 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/jmv.26489 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2GPXI96C | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:44:49 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:02:58 |
| Autor | Axel Kramer | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Maren Eggers | |
| Autor | Nils-Olaf Hübner | |
| Autor | Peter Walger | |
| Autor | Eike Steinmann | |
| Autor | Martin Exner | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-18 | |
| Abstrakt | To prevent COVID-19, all available hygienic measures must be implemented, especially to protect the medical staff, but also the community. Since a large proportion of those infected release the virus before initial symptoms appear, protective measures that reduce the viral load at the entry points are useful, since the probability of infection increases with exposure, and the initial viral load influences the severity of the infection | |
| Publikace | GMS Hygiene and Infection Control | |
| Jazyk | engl | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Rozsah | Doc02 | |
| Práva | This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. | |
| Extra | Publisher: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House | |
| ISSN | 2196-5226 | |
| Katalog knihovny | GMS German Medical Science | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | GMS Hyg Infect Control | |
| DOI | 10.3205/dgkh000373 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KFZLUCIT | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 2. 2021 14:08:06 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:42:35 |
| Autor | Pawared Ontong | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Virapong Prachayasittikul | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Most of the severe COVID-19 patients come up with trouble breathing, persistent pressure in the chest and developing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with a high mortality rate. Infected lung brings about uncontrolled inflammation followed by the fluid leakage and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Hyaluronan (HA) is an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and plays crucial roles in both biological and pathological states. It is also primarily located within the respiratory airways and is uprising during COVID-19 infection. Hitherto, the association between COVID-19 pathophysiology and HA is still unclear. Herein, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in conjunction with the involvement of HA and the diminution of HA for therapeutic potential of COVID-19. For severe patients, HA depletion may be beneficial for preventing ARDS while monitoring and managing HA level in lung may improve survival rate of patients. | |
| Přístup | 25. 3. 2021 13:08:51 | |
| URL | https://www.excli.de/index.php/excli/article/view/3215 | |
| Publikace | EXCLI Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 20 | |
| Rozsah | 117-125 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2021 Pawared Ontong, Virapong Prachayasittikul | |
| ISSN | 1611-2156 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.excli.de | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | EXCLI J. | |
| DOI | 10.17179/excli2020-3215 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TS55XSNM | |
| Datum přidání | 25. 3. 2021 13:08:51 | |
| Upraveno | 25. 3. 2021 13:09:15 |
| Autor | Heitor Evangelista | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | César Amaral | |
| Autor | Luís Cristóvão Porto | |
| Autor | Sérgio J. Gonçalves Junior | |
| Autor | Eduardo Delfino Sodré | |
| Autor | Juliana Nogueira | |
| Autor | Angela M. G. dos Santos | |
| Autor | Marcio Cataldo | |
| Autor | Daniel Junger | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-14 | |
| Abstrakt | The knowledge on the deposition and retention of the viral particle of SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory tract during the very initial intake from the ambient air is of prime importance to understand the infectious process and COVID-19 initial symptoms. We propose to use a modified version of a widely tested lung deposition model developed by the ICRP, in the context of the ICRP Publication 66, that provides deposition patterns of microparticles in different lung compartments. In the model, we mimicked the "environmental decay" of the virus, determined by controlled experiments related to normal speeches, by the radionuclide 11C that presents comparable decay rates. Our results confirm clinical observations on the high virus retentions observed in the extrathoracic region and the lesser fraction on the alveolar section (in the order of 5), which may shed light on physiopathology of clinical events as well on the minimal inoculum required to establish infection. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:07:51 | |
| Publikace | PLOS ONE | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | e0245019 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science | |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PLoS Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PLOS ONE | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0245019 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/67IIAHUR | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:07:51 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:04:01 |
| Autor | Reem Abdel Hameid | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Estelle Cormet-Boyaka | |
| Autor | Wolfgang M. Kuebler | |
| Autor | Mohammed Uddin | |
| Autor | Bakhrom K. Berdiev | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-12 | |
| Abstrakt | The tropism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, toward the host cells is determined, at least in part, by the expression and distribution of its cell surface receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The virus further exploits the host cellular machinery to gain access into the cells; its spike protein is cleaved by a host cell surface transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) shortly after binding ACE2, followed by its proteolytic activation at a furin cleavage site. The virus primarily targets the epithelium of the respiratory tract, which is covered by a tightly regulated airway surface liquid (ASL) layer that serves as a primary defense mechanism against respiratory pathogens. The volume and viscosity of this fluid layer is regulated and maintained by a coordinated function of different transport pathways in the respiratory epithelium. We argue that SARS-CoV-2 may potentially alter evolutionary conserved second-messenger signaling cascades via activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or by directly modulating G protein signaling. Such signaling may in turn adversely modulate transepithelial transport processes, especially those involving cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), thereby shifting the delicate balance between anion secretion and sodium absorption, which controls homeostasis of this fluid layer. As a result, activation of the secretory pathways including CFTR-mediated Cl− transport may overwhelm the absorptive pathways, such as ENaC-dependent Na+ uptake, and initiate a pathophysiological cascade leading to lung edema, one of the most serious and potentially deadly clinical manifestations of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 10:49:34 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology | |
| Ročník | 320 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 430-435 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Physiological Society | |
| ISSN | 1040-0605 | |
| Katalog knihovny | journals.physiology.org (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1152/ajplung.00499.2020 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UYQAENNN | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:49:34 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:44:41 |
| Autor | Yoshihiko Sawa | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Soichiro Ibaragi | |
| Autor | Tatsuo Okui | |
| Autor | Junro Yamashita | |
| Autor | Tetsuro Ikebe | |
| Autor | Hiroyuki Harada | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The distribution of cells expressing SARS-CoV-2 entry factor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in human oral tissues were tested. The investigation was conducted with normal flesh tissue and paraffin-embedded specimens. The ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression was detected with all subjects in the normal mucosa of the keratinized stratified squamous epithelia of the tongue and non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia of the lip and cheek. It was found that ACE2 is expressed in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane mainly in the stratum granulosum of the epithelia while the TMPRSS2 is strongly expressed on the cell membrane mainly in the stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum, but not in the stratum basale. Antibodies’ reactions for ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were not observed in the nuclei or keratin layer. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the oral epithelia appears to be general, and the expression was also observed in the mucous and serous acini of the labial glands. The SARS-CoV-2 may transiently attach to the oral mucosa and the minor salivary glands which are present under all of the oral mucosa. The oral cavity can be considered an important organ for SARS-CoV-2 attachment and may provide a preventive medical avenue to guard against COVID-19 by preventing saliva from scattering. | |
| Přístup | 14. 1. 2021 16:21:55 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Anatomy | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Práva | © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Anatomy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Anatomical Society. | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/joa.13391 | |
| ISSN | 1469-7580 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1111/joa.13391 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K4CH3BQM | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 1. 2021 16:21:55 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:42:41 |
| Autor | Bharat Baruah | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-06 | |
| Abstrakt | For the last 8 months, COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been hovering over the planet as a pandemic, and there is no sign of this virus going away anytime soon. In the meantime, life must go on, businesses must remain open, manufacturing must flow smoothly to fulfill consumers’ daily demands, and education cannot be halted. Simultaneously, the frontline workers like doctors, nurses, support staff, and other essential workers are working tirelessly in their respective fields in the absence of a widely available effective vaccine. The question is: What should every citizen who needs to venture out to fulfill their daily business do in addition to wearing a mask, handwashing, and physical distancing? Could we add simultaneous nasal and oral irrigation as a nontherapeutic practice to our personal care list as an additional preventative layer? | |
| Přístup | 14. 1. 2021 16:50:35 | |
| Publikace | ACS Chemical Neuroscience | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 2-4 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Chem. Neurosci. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00740 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MTTWH6SQ | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 1. 2021 16:50:35 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:42:55 |
| Autor | Lia Becher | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Amayu W. Gena | |
| Autor | Hayder Alsaad | |
| Autor | Bernhard Richter | |
| Autor | Claudia Spahn | |
| Autor | Conrad Voelker | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-06 | |
| Abstrakt | In this article, the spread of breathing air when playing wind instruments and singing was investigated and visualized using two methods: (1) schlieren imaging with a schlieren mirror and (2) background-oriented schlieren (BOS). These methods visualize airflow by visualizing density gradients in transparent media. The playing of professional woodwind and brass instrument players, as well as professional classical trained singers, were investigated to estimate the spread distances of the breathing air. For a better comparison and consistent measurement series, a single high and a single low note as well as an extract of a musical piece were investigated. Additionally, anemometry was used to determine the velocity of the spreading breathing air and the extent to which it was still quantifiable. The results presented in this article show there is no airflow escaping from the instruments, which is transported farther than 1.2 m into the room. However, differences in the various instruments have to be considered to assess properly the spread of the breathing air. The findings discussed below help to estimate the risk of cross-infection for wind instrument players and singers and to develop efficacious safety precautions, which is essential during critical health periods such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 14. 1. 2021 16:35:44 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.01.06.20240903 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2021.01.06.20240903 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HKWEPP87 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 1. 2021 16:35:44 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:42:49 |
| Autor | Anna Z. Mykytyn | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Tim I. Breugem | |
| Autor | Samra Riesebosch | |
| Autor | Debby Schipper | |
| Autor | Petra B. van den Doel | |
| Autor | Robbert J. Rottier | |
| Autor | Mart M. Lamers | |
| Autor | Bart L. Haagmans | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-04 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus entry is mediated by the spike protein that binds the receptor and mediates fusion after cleavage by host proteases. The proteases that mediate entry differ between cell lines, and it is currently unclear which proteases are relevant in vivo. A remarkable feature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike is the presence of a multibasic cleavage site (MBCS), which is absent in the SARS-CoV spike. Here, we report that the SARS-CoV-2 spike MBCS increases infectivity on human airway organoids (hAOs). Compared with SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 entered faster into Calu-3 cells and, more frequently, formed syncytia in hAOs. Moreover, the MBCS increased entry speed and plasma membrane serine protease usage relative to cathepsin-mediated endosomal entry. Blocking serine proteases, but not cathepsins, effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication in hAOs. Our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 enters relevant airway cells using serine proteases, and suggest that the MBCS is an adaptation to this viral entry strategy. | |
| URL | https://lens.org/039-615-349-753-993 | |
| Publikace | eLife | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Rozsah | 1-23 | |
| Extra | Place: United Kingdom Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications | |
| ISSN | 2050084x | |
| DOI | 10.7554/elife.64508 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HD8KSJUS | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 10:54:18 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:15:40 |
Cited By :9
| Autor | Thomas R. Moore | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | A method for visualizing the air flow from the mouths of vocalists and wind musical instruments is presented. The method is based on a modification of electronic speckle pattern interferometry that incorporates the interference of a transmitted object beam rather than the standard method using a reflected object beam. The resulting whole-field real-time images are a valuable resource for both scientific and pedagogical use. | |
| Přístup | 14. 1. 2021 16:46:59 | |
| Publikace | Applied Optics | |
| Jazyk | EN | |
| Ročník | 60 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 83-88 | |
| Práva | © 2020 Optical Society of America | |
| Extra | Publisher: Optical Society of America | |
| ISSN | 2155-3165 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.osapublishing.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Appl. Opt., AO | |
| DOI | 10.1364/AO.410784 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/G8EBTZT3 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 1. 2021 16:46:59 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:42:59 |
| Autor | Chadia Haddad | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sandrella Bou Malhab | |
| Autor | Hala Sacre | |
| Autor | Pascale Salameh | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Smoking affects a person’s overall health and damages nearly every organ of the body. Since smoking tobacco affects and damages the lungs, it increases the risk of respiratory infections and makes it easier for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to invade the lung tissue, causing more severe symptoms and increasing the risk of death. However, debates are still ongoing as to the effect of cigarette smoking on vulnerability to COVID-19. Some studies, where active smokers were underrepresented among patients with COVID-19, claimed that a “smoker’s paradox” may exist in COVID-19 and that smokers are protected from infection and severe complications of COVID-19. However, other studies reported the opposite trend. The objective of this study is to review the findings of epidemiological and in vitro studies about the association between smoking and the risk of contracting COVID-19, taking into account disease severity. Several epidemiological studies have found a higher smoking prevalence among COVID-19 infected patients. Also, studies had shown that people with respiratory diseases caused by tobacco use are at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms. Studies have shown that in vitro, the acute exposure allows for more severe proximal airway epithelial disease from SARS-CoV-2 by reducing the mucosal innate immune response and the proliferation of airway basal stem cells and has implications for disease spread and severity in people exposed to cigarette smoke, with a more severe viral infection and cell death. Smoker patients with different comorbidities are at higher risk of contracting the COVID-19 virus and have a worse prognosis for the virus as well as for their comorbidities. Further investigations of the interaction between smoking and COVID-19 are warranted to accurately assess the risk of contracting COVID-19 among smokers, and the progression to mechanical ventilation or death in patients who suffer from it. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 10:23:39 | |
| Publikace | Tobacco Use Insights | |
| Krátký název | Smoking and COVID-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 14 | |
| Rozsah | 1179173X21994612 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd STM | |
| ISSN | 1179-173X | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Tob Use Insights | |
| DOI | 10.1177/1179173X21994612 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WSJSK3AP | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 10:23:39 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 3. 2021 10:24:14 |
| Autor | Yuejun Shi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Lei Shuai | |
| Autor | Zhiyuan Wen | |
| Autor | Chong Wang | |
| Autor | Yuanyuan Yan | |
| Autor | Zhe Jiao | |
| Autor | Fenglin Guo | |
| Autor | Zhen F. Fu | |
| Autor | Huanchun Chen | |
| Autor | Zhigao Bu | |
| Autor | Guiqing Peng | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a serious threat to global public health. Development of effective therapies against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. Here, we evaluated the antiviral activity of a remdesivir parent nucleotide analog, GS441524, which targets the coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme, and a feline coronavirus prodrug, GC376, which targets its main protease, using a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infected mouse model. Our results showed that GS441524 effectively blocked the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in the mouse upper and lower respiratory tracts via combined intranasal (i.n.) and intramuscular (i.m.) treatment. However, the ability of high-dose GC376 (i.m. or i.n. and i.m.) was weaker than GS441524. Notably, low-dose combined application of GS441524 with GC376 could effectively protect mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection via i.n. or i.n. and i.m. treatment. Moreover, we found that the pharmacokinetic properties of GS441524 is better than GC376, and combined application of GC376 and GS441524 had a synergistic effect. Our findings support the further evaluation of the combined application of GC376 and GS441524 in future clinical studies. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:08:08 | |
| Publikace | Emerging Microbes & Infections | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 481-492 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1899770 PMID: 33691601 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/22221751.2021.1899770 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Q768MS3X | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:08:08 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:09:14 |
| Autor | Aylin Yilmaz | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Emelie Marklund | |
| Autor | Maria Andersson | |
| Autor | Staffan Nilsson | |
| Autor | Lars-Magnus Andersson | |
| Autor | Magnus Lindh | |
| Autor | Magnus Gisslén | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | This study reports longitudinal viral RNA loads from the nasopharynx/throat in patients with mild and severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We also investigated whether the duration of symptoms correlated with the duration of viral RNA shedding. A total of 56 patients were included. The highest viral loads occurred early after onset of symptoms. Neither the viral RNA loads in the upper respiratory tract nor the time to viral RNA clearance differed between patients with mild or severe/critical disease. There was a moderate correlation between number of days with symptoms and number of days with viral RNA shedding in patients with mild COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:21:13 | |
| Publikace | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| Ročník | 223 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 15-18 | |
| ISSN | 0022-1899 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1093/infdis/jiaa632 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HBKYY4G6 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:21:13 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:34:13 |
| Autor | Giovanni Di Teodoro | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fabrizia Valleriani | |
| Autor | Ilaria Puglia | |
| Autor | Federica Monaco | |
| Autor | Chiara Di Pancrazio | |
| Autor | Mirella Luciani | |
| Autor | Ivanka Krasteva | |
| Autor | Antonio Petrini | |
| Autor | Maurilia Marcacci | |
| Autor | Nicola D’Alterio | |
| Autor | Valentina Curini | |
| Autor | Mariangela Iorio | |
| Autor | Giacomo Migliorati | |
| Autor | Marco Di Domenico | |
| Autor | Daniela Morelli | |
| Autor | Paolo Calistri | |
| Autor | Giovanni Savini | |
| Autor | Nicola Decaro | |
| Autor | Edward C. Holmes | |
| Autor | Alessio Lorusso | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | There is strong evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, originated from an animal reservoir. However, the exact mechanisms of emergence, the host species involved, and the risk to domestic and agricultural animals are largely unknown. Some domestic animal species, including cats, ferrets, and minks, have been demonstrated to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while others, such as pigs and chickens, are not. Importantly, the susceptibility of ruminants to SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, even though they often live in close proximity to humans. We investigated the replication and tissue tropism of two different SARS-CoV-2 isolates in the respiratory tract of three farm animal species - cattle, sheep, and pigs - using respiratory ex vivo organ cultures (EVOCs). We demonstrate that the respiratory tissues of cattle and sheep, but not of pigs, sustain viral replication in vitro of both isolates and that SARS-CoV-2 is associated to ACE2-expressing cells of the respiratory tract of both ruminant species. Intriguingly, a SARS-CoV-2 isolate containing an amino acid substitution at site 614 of the spike protein (mutation D614G) replicated at higher magnitude in ex vivo tissues of both ruminant species, supporting previous results obtained using human cells. These results suggest that additional in vivo experiments involving several ruminant species are warranted to determine their potential role in the epidemiology of this virus. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 10:43:49 | |
| Publikace | Veterinary Microbiology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 252 | |
| Rozsah | 108933 | |
| ISSN | 0378-1135 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Veterinary Microbiology | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108933 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/X55RQRQF | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 10:43:50 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:23:32 |
| Autor | Sonia Burrel | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Pierre Hausfater | |
| Autor | Martin Dres | |
| Autor | Valérie Pourcher | |
| Autor | Charles-Edouard Luyt | |
| Autor | Elisa Teyssou | |
| Autor | Cathia Soulié | |
| Autor | Vincent Calvez | |
| Autor | Anne-Geneviève Marcelin | |
| Autor | David Boutolleau | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Objectives This study was performed during the early outbreak period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the seasonal epidemics of other respiratory viral infections, in order to describe the extent of co-infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with other respiratory viruses. It also compared the diagnostic performances of upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods From 25 January to 29 March 2020, all URT and LRT samples collected from patients with suspected COVID-19 received in the virology laboratory of Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital (Paris, France) were simultaneously tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. Results A total of 1423 consecutive patients were tested: 677 (47.6%) males, 746 (52.4%) females, median age 50 (range, 1–103) years. Twenty-one (1.5%) patients were positive for both SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. The detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 was significantly higher in LRT than in URT (53.6% vs. 13.4%; p<0.0001). The analysis of paired samples from 117 (8.2%) patients showed that SARS-CoV-2 load was lower in URT than in LRT samples in 65% of cases. Conclusion The detection of other respiratory viruses in patients during this epidemic period could not rule out SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. Furthermore, LRT samples increased the accuracy of diagnosis of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 10:43:50 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 102 | |
| Rozsah | 10-13 | |
| ISSN | 1201-9712 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.040 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DRFYMCXK | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 10:43:50 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:23:54 |
| Autor | Zhenting Xiang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hyun Koo | |
| Autor | Qianming Chen | |
| Autor | Xuedong Zhou | |
| Autor | Yuan Liu | |
| Autor | Aurea Simon-Soro | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The oral cavity, as the entry point to the body, may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection that has caused a global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Available data indicate that the oral cavity may be an active site of infection and an important reservoir of SARS-CoV-2. Considering that the oral surfaces are colonized by a diverse microbial community, it is likely that viruses have interactions with the host microbiota. Patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 may have alterations in the oral and gut microbiota, while oral species have been found in the lung of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, interactions between the oral, lung, and gut microbiomes appear to occur dynamically whereby a dysbiotic oral microbial community could influence respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. However, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 infection can alter the local homeostasis of the resident microbiota, actively cause dysbiosis, or influence cross-body sites interactions. Here, we provide a conceptual framework on the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 oral infection on the local and distant microbiomes across the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts ('oral-tract axes'), which remains largely unexplored. Studies in this area could further elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and the course of infection as well as the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 across different sites in the human host. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 11:32:45 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Oral Microbiology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 1853451 | |
| Extra | Place: Abingdon Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd WOS:000594043100001 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Oral Microbiology | |
| DOI | 10.1080/20002297.2020.1853451 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PMVPVAX9 | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:32:45 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:08:16 |
| Autor | Jamil N Al-Swiahb | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mohammed A Motiwala | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | To detect, analyze, and discuss the different ear nose throat manifestations, those were reported in coronavirus disease-positive patients in the published and reviewed literature. Coronavirus disease has been reported to present with several symptoms. Common symptoms include new onset of fever, cough, fatigue, and myalgia. Other symptoms like sputum production, dyspnea, rhinorrhea, anosmia, nasal stuffiness, headache, and sore throat are less frequently reported, but the clinical presentation is highly variable among individuals. We review the otolaryngologic manifestations of coronavirus disease reported in the published literature to assess its importance in the early diagnosis of coronavirus disease. We searched PubMed database, MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, and Cochrane Library to find out relevant articles, using the following keywords: COVID-19, clinical features, characteristics, symptoms, clinical, manifestations, throat, cough, rhinorrhea, COVID-19 anosmia, headache, nasal, coronavirus, and coronavirus otolaryngologic. Article selection was based on their relevance to the research question. Totally, 14 articles and 2971 patients were recruited for our study. A wide variety of upper and lower airway manifestations were reported. Fever (34%–96.5%), cough (17.9%–83%), myalgia or fatigue (10%–31%), expectoration (20%–32.7%), dyspnea (7.6%–7.5%), rhinorrhea (1%–6.8%), sore throat (4%–61%), nasal congestion (3%–4.8%), and headache (3%–16.2%) were the most common symptoms reported. Our findings confirm that coronavirus disease infection presents with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation. The ear nose throat manifestations for coronavirus disease are not uncommon, but more attention should also be paid to patients with otolaryngologic symptoms which can appear early, as this could encourage an earlier diagnosis and treatment, which limits spread of the disease. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 13:38:53 | |
| Publikace | SAGE Open Medicine | |
| Krátký název | Upper respiratory tract and otolaryngological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 9 | |
| Rozsah | 20503121211016965 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd | |
| ISSN | 2050-3121 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | SAGE Open Medicine | |
| DOI | 10.1177/20503121211016965 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RBRX3KMD | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 13:38:53 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:17:42 |
| Autor | Leonardo Lupacchini | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fabrizio Maggi | |
| Autor | Carlo Tomino | |
| Autor | Chiara De Dominicis | |
| Autor | Cristiana Mollinari | |
| Autor | Massimo Fini | |
| Autor | Stefano Bonassi | |
| Autor | Daniela Merlo | |
| Autor | Patrizia Russo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01 | |
| Abstrakt | (1) Background: Nicotine is implicated in the SARS-COV-2 infection through activation of the α7-nAChR and over-expression of ACE2. Our objective was to clarify the role of nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection exploring its molecular and cellular activity. (2) Methods: HBEpC or si-mRNA-α7-HBEpC were treated for 1 h, 48 h or continuously with 10−7 M nicotine, a concentration mimicking human exposure to a cigarette. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion and cell counting, migration by cell migration assay, senescence by SA-β-Gal activity, and anchorage-independent growth by cloning in soft agar. Expression of Ki67, p53/phospho-p53, VEGF, EGFR/pEGFR, phospho-p38, intracellular Ca2+, ATP and EMT were evaluated by ELISA and/or Western blotting. (3) Results: nicotine induced through α7-nAChR (i) increase in cell viability, (ii) cell proliferation, (iii) Ki67 over-expression, (iv) phospho-p38 up-regulation, (v) EGFR/pEGFR over-expression, (vi) increase in basal Ca2+ concentration, (vii) reduction of ATP production, (viii) decreased level of p53/phospho-p53, (ix) delayed senescence, (x) VEGF increase, (xi) EMT and consequent (xii) enhanced migration, and (xiii) ability to grow independently of the substrate. (4) Conclusions: Based on our results and on evidence showing that nicotine potentiates viral infection, it is likely that nicotine is involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:02:31 | |
| Publikace | Molecules | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 26 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 101 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 1 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/molecules26010101 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9QTXBZ3D | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:02:31 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:45:53 |
| Autor | Kielan Darcy McAlinden | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Wenying Lu | |
| Autor | Parisa Vahidi Ferdowsi | |
| Autor | Stephen Myers | |
| Autor | James Markos | |
| Autor | Josie Larby | |
| Autor | Collin Chia | |
| Autor | Heinrich C. Weber | |
| Autor | Greg Haug | |
| Autor | Mathew Suji Eapen | |
| Autor | Sukhwinder Singh Sohal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Tobacco smoking has emerged as a risk factor for increasing the susceptibility to infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in the lung, linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) development. Given the modifiable nature of electronic cigarettes and the delivery of high concentrations of nicotine, we investigate whether electronic cigarette vaping has the potential to increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We exposed BEAS-2B cells (bronchial epithelium transformed with Ad12-SV40 2B) and primary small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) to electronic cigarette aerosol condensates produced from propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin or commercially bought e-liquid (±added nicotine) and cigarette smoke extract to investigate if electronic cigarette exposure, like cigarette smoke, increases the expression of ACE2 in lung epithelial cells. In BEAS-2B cells, cytotoxicity (CCK-8), membrane integrity (LDH), and ACE2 protein expression (immunofluorescence) were measured for both 4- and 24 h treatments in BEAS-2B cells and 4 h in SAECs; ACE2 gene expression was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for 4 h treatment in BEAS-2B cells. Nicotine-free condensates and higher concentrations of nicotine-containing condensates were cytotoxic to BEAS-2B cells. Higher LDH release and reduced membrane integrity were seen in BEAS-2B cells treated for 24 h with higher concentrations of nicotine-containing condensates. ACE2 protein expression was observably increased in all treatments compared to cell controls, particularly for 24 h exposures. ACE2 gene expression was significantly increased in cells exposed to the locally bought e-liquid condensate with high nicotine concentration and cigarette smoke extract compared with cell controls. Our study suggests that vaping alone and smoking alone can result in an increase in lung ACE2 expression. Vaping and smoking are avoidable risk factors for COVID-19, which, if avoided, could help reduce the number of COVID-19 cases and the severity of the disease. This is the first study to utilize electronic cigarette aerosol condensates, novel and developed in our laboratory, for investigating ACE2 expression in human airway epithelial cells. | |
| Přístup | 3. 5. 2021 11:16:09 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Clinical Medicine | |
| Krátký název | Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Is Cytotoxic and Increases ACE2 Expression on Human Airway Epithelial Cells | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 1028 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 5 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/jcm10051028 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LD6SJY4K | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 5. 2021 11:16:09 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 5. 2021 15:45:43 |
| Autor | M. Troeltzsch | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | R. Berndt | |
| Autor | M. Troeltzsch | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Limited knowledge about the contagiosity and case fatality rate of COVID-19 as well as the still enigmatic route of transmission have led to strict limitations of non-emergency health care especially in head and neck medicine and dentistry. There are theories that the oral cavity provides a favorable environment for SARS-CoV-2 entry and persistence which may be a risk for prolonged virus shedding. However, intraoral innate immune mechanisms provide antiviral effects against a myriad of pathogenic viruses. Initial hints of their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 are surfacing. It is hypothesized that intraoral immune system activity modulates the invasion pattern of SARS-CoV-2 into oral cells. Thus, the significance of intraoral tissues for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and persistence cannot be assessed. The underlying concept for this hypothesis was developed by the critical observation of a clinically asymptomatic COVID-19 patient. Despite a positive throat swab for SARS-CoV-2, molecular pathologic analysis of an oral perisulcular tissue specimen failed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. More research effort is necessary to define the true origin of the contagiosity of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd | |
| Publikace | Medical Hypotheses | |
| Ročník | 146 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110419 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RWPDKC34 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 14:42:02 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:10:32 |
Cited By :4
| Autor | M. Gamerra | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | E. de Corso | |
| Autor | E. Cantone | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | We have followed with a great interest the article by Lavinsky et al. and herein we present a simple additional therapeutic strategy against SARS-COV-2.1 As recently demonstrated, climatic factors such as latitude, temperature, and humidity strongly influence the propagation of the COVID-19 virus.2 According to Sterling, some viruses prefer a high relative humidity, whereas some other viruses a low relative humidity, so there is an average humidity range between 50% and 70% in which the viral population is minimal.3 However, current climatic transformations are determining strong thermal excursions, which could destabilize the climate and favor the survival of the virus. Although it is not realistically possible to change the global climate in the short term, changing indoor humidity and temperature in workplaces, schools, hospitals especially intensive care units could be a valid preventive and therapeutic strategy to reduce respiratory infections. | |
| Publikace | Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology | |
| Krátký název | COVID-19 | |
| Ročník | 87 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 118-119 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.08.001 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CJEAF5L6 | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:05:34 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:06:30 |
| Autor | J.B. Ponce | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | K.C. Tjioe | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | We have read the short communication “Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection” (Martin Carreras-Presas, Amaro Sanchez, Lopez-Sanchez, Jane-Salas, & Somacarrera Perez, 2020) by Dr. Martín Carreras-Presas et al. with great interest. We congratulate the team for contributing to the knowledge about this devastating infection in such challenging times. However, we raise some concerns that must be addressed. | |
| Publikace | Oral Diseases | |
| Ročník | 27 | |
| Číslo | S3 | |
| Rozsah | 781-782 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1111/odi.13478 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ND3QDWZE | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:05:34 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:05:51 |
Cited By :5
| Autor | P. Di Carlo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | K. Falasca | |
| Autor | C. Ucciferri | |
| Autor | B. Sinjari | |
| Autor | E. Aruffo | |
| Autor | I. Antonucci | |
| Autor | A. Di Serafino | |
| Autor | A. Pompilio | |
| Autor | V. Damiani | |
| Autor | D. Mandatori | |
| Autor | S. De Fabritiis | |
| Autor | B. Dufrusine | |
| Autor | E. Capone | |
| Autor | P. Chiacchiaretta | |
| Autor | W.H. Brune | |
| Autor | G. Di Bonaventura | |
| Autor | J. Vecchiet | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | This study tests the release of SARS-CoV-2 RNA into the air during normal breathing, without any sign of possible risk of contagion such as coughing, sneezing or talking. Five patients underwent oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal and salivary swabs for real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Direct SARS-CoV-2 release during normal breathing was also investigated by RT-PCR in air samples collected using a microbiological sampler. Viral RNA was detected in air at 1 cm from the mouth of patients whose oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal and salivary swabs tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. In contrast, the viral RNA was not identified in the exhaled air from patients with oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal and salivary swabs that tested negative. Contagion of SARS-CoV-2 is possible by being very close to the mouth of someone who is infected, asymptomatic and simply breathing. © 2021 The Authors. | |
| Publikace | Journal of Medical Microbiology | |
| Ročník | 70 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1099/jmm.0.001328 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PJMRI3J9 | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:05:34 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 11:05:34 |
| Autor | C.A. Pierce | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | S. Sy | |
| Autor | B. Galen | |
| Autor | D.Y. Goldstein | |
| Autor | E. Orner | |
| Autor | M.J. Keller | |
| Autor | K.C. Herold | |
| Autor | B.C. Herold | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | BACKGROUND. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is more benign in children compared with adults for unknown reasons. This contrasts with other respiratory viruses where disease manifestations are often more severe in children. We hypothesize that a more robust early innate immune response to SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) protects against severe disease. METHODS. Clinical outcomes, SARS-CoV-2 viral copies, and cellular gene expression were compared in nasopharyngeal swabs obtained at the time of presentation to the emergency department from 12 children and 27 adults using bulk RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Total protein, cytokines, and anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA were quantified in nasal fluid. RESULTS. SARS-CoV-2 copies, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and TMPRSS2 gene expression were similar in children and adults, but children displayed higher expression of genes associated with IFN signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome, and other innate pathways. Higher levels of IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-8, and IL-1β protein were detected in nasal fluid in children versus adults. Children also expressed higher levels of genes associated with immune cells, whereas expression of those associated with epithelial cells did not differ in children versus adults. Anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG were detected at similar levels in nasal fluid from both groups. None of the children required supplemental oxygen, whereas 7 adults did (P = 0.03); 4 adults died. CONCLUSION. These findings provide direct evidence of a more vigorous early mucosal immune response in children compared with adults and suggest that this contributes to favorable clinical outcomes. © 2021, Pierce et al. | |
| Publikace | JCI Insight | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1172/jci.insight.148694 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/GBK2S65W | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:09:56 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 11:09:56 |
Cited By :2
| Autor | A.L. Gard | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | R.J. Luu | |
| Autor | C.R. Miller | |
| Autor | R. Maloney | |
| Autor | B.P. Cain | |
| Autor | E.E. Marr | |
| Autor | D.M. Burns | |
| Autor | R. Gaibler | |
| Autor | T.J. Mulhern | |
| Autor | C.A. Wong | |
| Autor | J. Alladina | |
| Autor | J.R. Coppeta | |
| Autor | P. Liu | |
| Autor | J.P. Wang | |
| Autor | H. Azizgolshani | |
| Autor | R.F. Fezzie | |
| Autor | J.L. Balestrini | |
| Autor | B.C. Isenberg | |
| Autor | B.D. Medoff | |
| Autor | R.W. Finberg | |
| Autor | J.T. Borenstein | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Influenza and other respiratory viruses present a significant threat to public health, national security, and the world economy, and can lead to the emergence of global pandemics such as from COVID-19. A barrier to the development of effective therapeutics is the absence of a robust and predictive preclinical model, with most studies relying on a combination of in vitro screening with immortalized cell lines and low-throughput animal models. Here, we integrate human primary airway epithelial cells into a custom-engineered 96-device platform (PREDICT96-ALI) in which tissues are cultured in an array of microchannel-based culture chambers at an air–liquid interface, in a configuration compatible with high resolution in-situ imaging and real-time sensing. We apply this platform to influenza A virus and coronavirus infections, evaluating viral infection kinetics and antiviral agent dosing across multiple strains and donor populations of human primary cells. Human coronaviruses HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 enter host cells via ACE2 and utilize the protease TMPRSS2 for spike protein priming, and we confirm their expression, demonstrate infection across a range of multiplicities of infection, and evaluate the efficacy of camostat mesylate, a known inhibitor of HCoV-NL63 infection. This new capability can be used to address a major gap in the rapid assessment of therapeutic efficacy of small molecules and antiviral agents against influenza and other respiratory viruses including coronaviruses. © 2021, The Author(s). | |
| Publikace | Scientific Reports | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-021-94095-7 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/W6BLV79Q | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:05:51 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 9:05:51 |
| Autor | Y. Bu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | R. Ooka | |
| Autor | H. Kikumoto | |
| Autor | W. Oh | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 poses a significant threat to human health. In this study, recent research on the characteristics of expiratory particles and flow is reviewed, with a special focus on different respiratory activities, to provide guidance for reducing the viral infection risk in the built environment. Furthermore, environmental influence on particle evaporation, dispersion, and virus viability after exhalation and the current methods for infection risk assessment are reviewed. Finally, we summarize promising control strategies against infectious expiratory particles. The results show that airborne transmission is a significant viral transmission route, both in short and long ranges, from infected individuals. Relative humidity affects the evaporation and trajectories of middle-sized droplets most, and temperature accelerates the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 both on surfaces and in aerosols. Future research is needed to improve infection risk models to better predict the infection potential of different transmission routes. Moreover, further quantitative studies on the expiratory flow features after wearing a mask are needed. Systematic investigations and the design of advanced air distribution methods, portable air cleaners, and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems, which have shown high efficacy in removing contaminants, are required to better control indoor viral infection. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd | |
| Publikace | Sustainable Cities and Society | |
| Krátký název | Recent research on expiratory particles in respiratory viral infection and control strategies | |
| Ročník | 73 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103106 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/EX6936R4 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:07:47 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 9:07:47 |
| Autor | C. Xu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | X. Zheng | |
| Autor | S. Shen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | A numerical study was conducted on the effects of ambient temperature and humidity on the transportation of sodium chloride particles (100 nm-1 μm) in a human airway model ranging from the nasal cavity to bronchi. A mucus-tissue structure was adopted to model the mass and heat transfer on the airway surface boundary. The temperature and humidity distributions of the respiratory flow were calculated and then the interaction between the particle and water vapor was further analyzed. It was predicted that the particle size grew to the ratio of 5–6 under subsaturation conditions because of hygroscopicity, which shifted the deposition efficiency in opposite directions on dependence of the initial particle size. However, the particles could be drastically raised to 40 times of the initial 100 nm diameter if the supersaturation-induced condensation was established, that was prone to occur under the cold-dry condition, and consequently promoted the deposition significantly. Such behavior might effectively contribute to the revitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in addition to the more active virus itself in winter. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. | |
| Publikace | Environmental Research | |
| Ročník | 200 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111751 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VR7ZU3EB | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:07:47 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 9:07:47 |
| Autor | C.L.C. Almeida-Da-silva | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | H.M. Dakafay | |
| Autor | K. Liu | |
| Autor | D.M. Ojcius | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | A large body of evidence shows the harmful effects of cigarette smoke to oral and systemic health. More recently, a link between smoking and susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was proposed. COVID-19 is due to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which uses the receptor ACE2 and the protease TMPRSS2 for entry into host cells, thereby infecting cells of the respiratory tract and the oral cavity. Here, we examined the effects of cigarette smoke on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors and infection in human gingival epithelial cells (GECs). We found that cigarette smoke condensates (CSC) upregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in GECs, and that CSC activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in the oral cells. ACE2 was known to mediate SARS-CoV-2 internalization, and we demonstrate that CSC treatment potentiated the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in GECs in an AhR-dependent manner. AhR depletion using small interference RNA decreased SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus internalization in CSC-treated GECs compared with control GECs. Our study reveals that cigarette smoke upregulates SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression and infection in oral cells. Understanding the mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells of the oral cavity may suggest therapeutic interventions for preventing viral infection and transmission. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Molecular Sciences | |
| Ročník | 22 | |
| Číslo | 14 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijms22147669 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UCDUUXTN | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:11:38 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 9:11:38 |
| Autor | E.V. Kryukov | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | K.V. Zhdanov | |
| Autor | K.V. Kozlov | |
| Autor | V.Yu. Kravtsov | |
| Autor | O.V. Mal’tsev | |
| Autor | V.S. Sukachev | |
| Autor | P.I. Miklush | |
| Autor | M.O. Sokolova | |
| Autor | V.V. Sharabkhanov | |
| Autor | R.I. Glushakov | |
| Autor | V.V. Dvoryanchikov | |
| Autor | R.R. Achba | |
| Autor | D.V. Trishkin | |
| Autor | I.I. Azarov | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Given that COVID-19 is a global public health problem and that almost all countries in the world have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, research is being actively pursued to better understand the effects of the virus on human cells. However, it is not clear what changes are observed in the cells of the main gate of infection – the mucosa of the mouth and the nose at different clinical forms and at different periods of disease. Understanding the ultra-structural cell changes of SARS-CoV-2 targets may help clarify the pathogenic aspects of infection in the lower respiratory tract. In this study, the elements of the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the cells of the respiratory epithelium of the nose in patients with COVID-19 were evaluated using electron microscopy for the purpose of detecting the peculiarities of viral activity depending on the form and period of disease. Bioptats of the nasal mucous membrane were taken from COVID-19 patients and subsequently examined by electron microscopy. The severity of structural changes in tissue samples, presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in cells were determined, then bioptats were grouped according to the clinical form of the infection process (inapparent, acute upper respiratory tract infections, viral lung disease) and period of disease. It has been established that the most characteristic changes in the mucous membrane of the nose were observed in the first week of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 and occurring in the form of acute respiratory disease, while viral lung infections have had the highest virus density in vesicles within cells, the formation of smooth virus-free vesicles is most common in inapparent forms. The data obtained may indicate that the formation of classical virus-induced changes in the respiratory epithelium of the nose mucous (vesicles with viral particles and signs of their release from the cell) is characteristic of localized forms of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (respiratory infection of the upper respiratory tract) and in cases of generalized infection (viral infection of the lungs and probably other organs and systems) accumulation of the infectious agent in high concentrations in vesicles. © 2021 Interregional public organization Association of infectious disease specialists of Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region (IPO AIDSSPbR). All rights reserved. | |
| Publikace | Jurnal Infektologii | |
| Krátký název | Электронно-микроскопические изменения слизистой оболочки носоглотки у пациентов с COVID-19 в зависимости от клинической формы и периода заболевания | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 5-13 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-2-5-13 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2Q6GB5KI | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:14:29 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 9:14:29 |
| Autor | S. Ünlü | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | M. Ilgar | |
| Autor | M. Akçiçek | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) follows a biphasic disease model consisting of an early viral response phase and an inflammation phase. SARS-CoV-2 has a high affinity for the upper respiratory tract and conjunctiva; hence, it can infect the upper respiratory tract and facilitate airway inflammation. COVID-19 also affects the tracheal epithelial cells. We hypothesized that the size of the trachea increases depending on the severity of the disease, and this increase is an indicator of poor prognosis. There are no studies on this subject in literature, to the best of our knowledge. For this purpose, in this study, the tracheas of 326 patients who reported to the radiology clinic were examined by evaluating the thoracic computed tomography (CT) images. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients who were admitted to the Malatya Training and Research Hospital between September and December 2020, had a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction result, and had undergone thoracic CT, were included in the study. The thoracic CT scans without respiratory artifacts were evaluated, and anteroposterior (AP) and transverse diameters of the trachea were measured at the thyroid and bifurcation levels. RESULTS: We believe that a tracheal AP diameter of >20 mm at the thyroid level and a tracheal AP diameter of 18 mm at the thyroid bifurcation level (according to Group 3 and Group 4) may be indicators of poor prognosis. In terms of survival, a tracheal AP diameter of >18 mm at the bifurcation level can be considered as a poor prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: The tracheal diameter may increase in proportion to the severity of inflammation, indicating or accompanying a poor prognosis. Patients with extensive involvement should be monitored closely for the development of tracheal stenosis. © 2021 Verduci Editore s.r.l. All rights reserved. | |
| Publikace | European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences | |
| Krátký název | The evaluation of the trachea as a new parameter in determining the prognosis of COVID-19 | |
| Ročník | 25 | |
| Číslo | 14 | |
| Rozsah | 4835-4840 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.26355/eurrev_202107_26397 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XNS4EMKT | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:14:29 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 9:14:29 |
| Autor | N. Valero-Cedeño | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | D. Álava | |
| Autor | R. Rodríguez | |
| Autor | M. Chacín | |
| Autor | M. Cabrera-Hernández | |
| Autor | T. Véliz-Castro | |
| Autor | Y. Carrero | |
| Autor | V. Bermúdez | |
| Autor | A.J. Rodriguez-Morales | |
| Autor | M. Dhawan | |
| Autor | R. Tiwari | |
| Autor | K. Dhama | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is primarily associated with a respiratory infection, it has also been linked to multisystem involvement that includes the digestive tract. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations are common in patients with COVID-19 due to the high viral load lodged in the small intestine's mucosa. As a result, it causes an increase in the permeability of the intestinal barrier that favours the passage and translocation of bacteria, from the lumen of the intestine, towards the internal environment, with the appearance of sepsis, with evidence that SARS-CoV-2 has been found in faeces. This article highlights epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and mechanisms related to manifestations of disease in the GI tract and its pathogenesis in patients with COVID-19. It highlights bacterial translocation and COVID-19, mechanisms that control bacterial translocation, intestinal infection and feco-oral transmission, defense mechanisms against microbial invasion, role of microbiota/microbiome and implications of their dysbiosis and alterations during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and lastly protective health benefits by improving dietary habits with nutritional foods approaches amid the ongoing pandemic. Increasing evidence indicates that bacterial translocation appears due to the high viral load of COVID-19 in the mucosa of the GI tract, and the intestinal microbiota contributes to the COVID-19 course owing to their bidirectional relationship with the immune system and lungs. Dysbiosis in gut microbiota leads to increased gut permeability thus predisposing to secondary infection and multiple organ dysfunction. Disruption of intestinal barrier integrity due to dysbiosis may cause translocation of SARS-CoV-2 from lungs into the intestinal lumen via the circulatory and lymphatic system, initiating severe clinical presentation of the infection. A thorough understanding of the key role of gut microbiota, gastrointestinal symptoms, and pathology along with immunomodulatory approaches would help in alleviating morbidity and mortality during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. | |
| Publikace | Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences | |
| Krátký název | Bacterial translocation | |
| Ročník | 9 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 239-253 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.18006/2021.9(3).239.253 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WYRXI7Z2 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:14:29 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 9:14:29 |
| Autor | S. Dhawan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | P. Biswas | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | The highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus has resulted in a global pandemic. More than a hundred million people are already impacted, with infected numbers expected to go up. Coughing, sneezing, and even talking emit respiratory droplets which can carry infectious viruses. It is important to understand how the exhaled particles move through air to an exposed person to better predict the airborne transmission impacts of SARS-CoV-2. There are many studies conducted on the airborne spread of viruses causing diseases such as SARS and measles; however, there are very limited studies that couple the transport characteristics with the aerosol dynamics of the droplets. In this study, a comprehensive model for simultaneous droplet evaporation and transport due to diffusion, convection, and gravitational settling is developed to determine the near spatial and temporal concentration of the viable virus exhaled by the infected individual. The exposure to the viable virus is estimated by calculating the respiratory deposition, and the risk of infection is determined using a dose-response model. The developed model is used to quantify the risk of short-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from inhalation of virus-laden droplets when an infected individual is directly in front of the person exposed and the surrounding air is stagnant. The effect of different parameters, such as viral load, infectivity factor, emission sources, physical separation, exposure time, ambient air velocity, dilution, and mask usage, is determined on the risk of exposure. © | |
| Publikace | Environmental Science and Technology | |
| Ročník | 55 | |
| Číslo | 13 | |
| Rozsah | 8987-8999 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.est.1c00235 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7USJE32J | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:14:29 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 9:14:29 |
| Autor | Irene H. Heijink | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Tillie-Louise Hackett | |
| Autor | Simon D. Pouwels | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the world is currently facing high morbidity and mortality rates as well as severe disruption to normal societal and social structures. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor for cellular entry. In a recent publication of The Journal of Pathology, Liu and coworkers highlight the effects of cigarette smoking on ACE2 expression in the respiratory epithelium. The authors studied the effects of acute cigarette smoke exposure in a murine model and confirmed their findings in human lung tissues and gene expression datasets. Their findings demonstrate that cigarette smoking increases ACE2 expression specifically at the apical surface of the airway epithelium. Smoking cessation resulted in lower ACE2 expression, with implications for attenuating the risk of transmission of the virus. The role of ACE2 expression in the development of COVID-19 symptoms is still under investigation, with conflicting results from experimental models on the role of ACE2 expression in SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury. In this commentary, we highlight the implications and limitations of the study of Liu et al as well as future therapeutic strategies directed towards ACE2. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 9:56:40 | |
| Publikace | The Journal of Pathology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 253 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 351-354 | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/path.5607 | |
| ISSN | 1096-9896 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/path.5607 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8C4EV564 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:56:40 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:23:44 |
| Autor | H. Kariwa | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | H. Sawa | |
| Autor | S. Kobayashi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted mainly via droplets and contact. The implementation of infection control measures is important to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases. Thus, the ability of several povidone-iodine (PVP-I) products to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated based on their in vitro inactivation efficacy. PVP-I solutions such as Isodine Gargle® (ethical and consumer products), Isodine Gargle C®, and Isodine Nodo Fresh® for 30 or 60 s decreased the viral infectivity level from 2-4 × 106 TCID50/ml to below the detectable level (> 99.9% reduction). Our results indicate that the use of Isodine® mouthwash and gargle products is an effective infection control measure against SARS-CoV-2. © 2021, Hokkaido University. All rights reserved. | |
| Publikace | Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research | |
| Krátký název | Inactivation of sars-cov-2 by povidone-iodine products | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 69 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 183-187 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| ISSN | 0047-1917 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.14943/jjvr.69.3.183 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/IUVKLDD3 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:34:01 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 10:34:01 |
| Autor | T. Nakayama | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | I.T. Lee | |
| Autor | S. Jiang | |
| Autor | M.S. Matter | |
| Autor | C.H. Yan | |
| Autor | J.B. Overdevest | |
| Autor | C.-T. Wu | |
| Autor | Y. Goltsev | |
| Autor | L.-C. Shih | |
| Autor | C.-K. Liao | |
| Autor | B. Zhu | |
| Autor | Y. Bai | |
| Autor | P. Lidsky | |
| Autor | Y. Xiao | |
| Autor | D. Zarabanda | |
| Autor | A. Yang | |
| Autor | M. Easwaran | |
| Autor | C.M. Schürch | |
| Autor | P. Chu | |
| Autor | H. Chen | |
| Autor | A.K. Stalder | |
| Autor | D.R. McIlwain | |
| Autor | N.A. Borchard | |
| Autor | P.A. Gall | |
| Autor | S.S. Dholakia | |
| Autor | W. Le | |
| Autor | L. Xu | |
| Autor | C.-J. Tai | |
| Autor | T.-H. Yeh | |
| Autor | E. Erickson-Direnzo | |
| Autor | J.M. Duran | |
| Autor | K.D. Mertz | |
| Autor | P.H. Hwang | |
| Autor | J.D. Haslbauer | |
| Autor | P.K. Jackson | |
| Autor | T. Menter | |
| Autor | R. Andino | |
| Autor | P.D. Canoll | |
| Autor | A.S. DeConde | |
| Autor | Z.M. Patel | |
| Autor | A. Tzankov | |
| Autor | G.P. Nolan | |
| Autor | J.V. Nayak | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Understanding viral tropism is an essential step toward reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, decreasing mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and limiting opportunities for mutant strains to arise. Currently, little is known about the extent to which distinct tissue sites in the human head and neck region and proximal respiratory tract selectively permit SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication. In this translational study, we discover key variabilities in expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), essential SARS-CoV-2 entry factors, among the mucosal tissues of the human proximal airways. We show that SARS-CoV-2 infection is present in all examined head and neck tissues, with a notable tropism for the nasal cavity and tracheal mucosa. Finally, we uncover an association between smoking and higher SARS-CoV-2 viral infection in the human proximal airway, which may explain the increased susceptibility of smokers to developing severe COVID-19. This is at least partially explained by differences in interferon (IFN)-β1 levels between smokers and non-smokers. © 2021 | |
| Publikace | Cell Reports Medicine | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 2 | |
| Číslo | 10 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| ISSN | 2666-3791 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100421 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XPV2WGIW | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:34:11 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 10:34:11 |
| Autor | K.S. Fakhruddin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | A. Haiat | |
| Autor | H.C. Ngo | |
| Autor | C. Panduwawala | |
| Autor | J.W.W. Chang | |
| Autor | L.P. Samaranayake | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Aims: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can present either as an asymptomatic carrier state or an acute respiratory disease, with or without severe pneumonia. The asymptomatic carriers are a challenge for the dental profession as the infection could be transmitted via virus-laden, and saliva in dental settings through aerosol-generating procedures (AGPSs). The aim of this review was to perform a systematic review of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the saliva of asymptomatic individuals. Materials and methods: PubMed, Google scholar, and MedRxiv databases were searched between and a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available data were performed to assess the viral burden in the saliva of asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2. All investigators of the included studies used qRT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 and yield quantitative data (the Ct values) appertaining to the viral load. Results: A total of 322 records in the English literature were identified, and eight studies with 2642 SARS‐CoV‐2-positive and asymptomatic individuals were included in the final analysis. Of these, 16.7% (95% CI: 11–23%) yielded SARS-CoV-2-positive saliva samples in comparison to 13.1% (95% CI: 12–17%) of the respiratory specimens (nasopharyngeal or nose-throat swabs). Conclusion: As approximately 1 in 5 to 1 in 10 asymptomatic individuals harbour SARS-CoV-2 in either saliva or respiratory secretions, our results highlight the need for continued vigilance and the critical importance of maintaining strict, additional infection control regimens for the foreseeable future to mitigate the potential risks of COVID-19 transmission in dentistry. © 2021 Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society. | |
| Publikace | Acta Odontologica Scandinavica | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| ISSN | 0001-6357 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.1080/00016357.2021.1977385 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LWC4KQ29 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:34:26 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 10:34:26 |
| Autor | Yao Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Xiao Xiao Tang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | The airway mucus barrier is a primary defensive layer at the airway surface. Mucins are the major structural components of airway mucus that protect the respiratory tract. Respiratory viruses invade human airways and often induce abnormal mucin overproduction and airway mucus secretion, leading to airway obstruction and disease. The mechanism underlying the virus-induced abnormal airway mucus secretion has not been fully studied so far. Understanding the mechanisms by which viruses induce airway mucus hypersecretion may open new avenues to treatment. In this article, we elaborate the clinical and experimental evidence that respiratory viruses cause abnormal airway mucus secretion, review the underlying mechanisms, and also discuss the current research advance as well as potential strategies to treat the abnormal airway mucus secretion caused by SARS-CoV-2. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 10:40:42 | |
| Publikace | Frontiers in Immunology | |
| Ročník | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 3897 | |
| ISSN | 1664-3224 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Frontiers | |
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701443 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/U3GNWKFT | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:40:42 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 11:29:29 |
| Autor | Maitrayee Chatterjee | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Liane Z.X. Huang | |
| Autor | Chunyan Wang | |
| Autor | Anna Mykytyn | |
| Autor | Bart Westendorp | |
| Autor | Richard Wubbolts | |
| Autor | Berend-Jan Bosch | |
| Autor | Bart Haagmans | |
| Autor | Jos P.M. van Putten | |
| Autor | Karin Strijbis | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021 | |
| Abstrakt | Mucins play an essential role in protecting the respiratory tract against microbial infections. The heavily O -glycosylated gel-forming mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B eliminate pathogens by mucociliary clearance while transmembrane mucins MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16 restrict microbial invasion at the apical surface of the epithelium. In this study, we determined the impact of host mucins and mucin glycans on SARS-CoV-2 spike-mediated epithelial entry. Human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells have endogenous expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 and express high levels of glycosylated MUC1 on the surface but not MUC4 and MUC16. Removal of the MUC1 extracellular domain (ED) using the O -glycan-specific mucinase StcE greatly enhanced spike binding and viral infection. By contrast, removal of mucin glycans sialic acid and fucose did not impact viral invasion. This study implicates the glycosylated ED of MUC1 as an important component of the host defense that restricts the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 11:25:15 | |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.29.466408 | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.29.466408 Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | Europe PMC | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/G7BEGLSR | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 11:25:15 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:18:18 |
| Autor | Arianna Di Stadio | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Claudio Costantini | |
| Autor | Giorgia Renga | |
| Autor | Marilena Pariano | |
| Autor | Giampietro Ricci | |
| Autor | Luigina Romani | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is characterized by variable clinical presentation that ranges from asymptomatic to fatal multi-organ damage. The site of entry and the response of the host to the infection affect the outcomes. The role of the upper airways and the nasal barrier in the prevention of infection is increasingly being recognized. Besides the epithelial lining and the local immune system, the upper airways harbor a community of microorganisms, or microbiota, that takes an active part in mucosal homeostasis and in resistance to infection. However, the role of the upper airway microbiota in COVID-19 is not yet completely understood and likely goes beyond protection from viral entry to include the regulation of the immune response to the infection. Herein, we discuss the hypothesis that restoring endogenous barriers and anti-inflammatory pathways that are defective in COVID-19 patients might represent a valid strategy to reduce infectivity and ameliorate clinical symptomatology. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:38:01 | |
| URL | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/12/345 | |
| Publikace | Life | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 345 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 12 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/life10120345 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ADB7A9FR | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:38:01 | |
| Upraveno | 12. 4. 2021 12:38:28 |
| Autor | Marcelo I. Guzman | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-08 | |
| Abstrakt | The fast spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) constitutes a worldwide challenge to the public health, educational and trade systems, affecting the overall well-being of human societies. The high transmission and mortality rates of this virus, and the unavailability of a vaccine or treatment, resulted in the decision of multiple governments to enact measures of social distancing. Such measures can reduce the exposure to bioaerosols, which can result in pathogen deposition in the respiratory tract of the host causing disease and an immunological response. Thus, it is important to consider the validity of the proposal for keeping a distance of at least 2 m from other persons to avoid the spread of COVID-19. This work reviews the effect of aerodynamic diameter (size) of particles carrying RNA copies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A SARS-CoV-2 carrier person talking, sneezing or coughing at distance of 2 m can still provide a pathogenic bioaerosol load with submicron particles that remain viable in air for up to 3 h for exposure of healthy persons near and far from the source in a stagnant environment. The deposited bioaerosol creates contaminated surfaces, which if touched can act as a path to introduce the pathogen by mouth, nose or eyes and cause disease. | |
| Přístup | 14. 12. 2020 16:10:05 | |
| Publikace | The International Journal of Health Planning and Management | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Práva | © 2020 The Authors. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hpm.3095 | |
| ISSN | 1099-1751 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/hpm.3095 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MERZ4EF9 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 12. 2020 16:10:05 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:43:12 |
| Autor | Thomas Eiche | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Martin Kuster | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Our research aimed to review the potential risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. We used an excerpt of a data set generated in May 2020 for reviewing the SARS-CoV-2 prevention concept of orchestras, singers and actors. People were sampled for droplet release for one-hour activities using a Grimm spectrometer covering a spectrum of 1 to 32 µm diameter. We estimated the number of “quanta” in the exhaled liquid from viral concentrations of 106 to 1011/mL, based on the Human Infective Dose 50 of 218 viral particles. We employed the Wells–Riley equation to estimate the risk of infection in typical meeting rooms for a one-hour meeting of 2, 4 and 6 people observing a 2 m distance. The four participating adults released a mean of 1.28 nLm3 while breathing, 1.68 nL/m3 while speaking normally, and two adults released a mean of 4.44 nL/m3 while talking with a raised voice. The combination of 50% breathing, 45% talking normally and 5% speaking with a raised voice increased the risk of infection above 5% for a one-hour meeting of two people. The result is based on 6 quanta released, corresponding to an initial virus concentration of 1000/nL (109/mL) in the fluid of the upper respiratory tract. Our data confirm the importance of using facemasks in combination with other measures to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the workplace. | |
| Přístup | 15. 12. 2020 12:53:44 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | |
| Krátký název | Aerosol Release by Healthy People during Speaking | |
| Ročník | 17 | |
| Číslo | 23 | |
| Extra | PMID: 33291404 PMCID: PMC7730990 | |
| ISSN | 1661-7827 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed Central | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int J Environ Res Public Health | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph17239088 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9FI5JYYD | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 12. 2020 12:53:44 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:24:43 |
| Autor | Raghavendra Tirupathi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Tasha Renu Ramparas | |
| Autor | Gautam Wadhwa | |
| Autor | Swetha Areti | |
| Autor | Jagdeep Kaur | |
| Autor | Sohail Salim | |
| Autor | Ali A. Rabaan | |
| Autor | Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-12-01 | |
| Abstrakt | To date, research on viral shedding (VS), live virus isolation and infection status remains ongoing as scientists and clinicians attempt to better understand the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Viral RNA detection at different stages of the disease, quantitative changes and patterns of viral persistence and clearance all provide context for the pathogenesis and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given the highly infectious nature of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on the global population and economy, clinicians continue to seek the best methods for controlling its spread, and data on public health preventative measures continue to emerge. In this paper we review the available evidence on the viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in the URT to determine a timeline for infection based on molecular and viral culture findings and to assess the significance of persistently positive results. Keywords: viral shedding, viral load, viral culture, SARS-CoV-2, upper respiratory tract. | |
| URL | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33257622/ | |
| Publikace | Le Infezioni in Medicina | |
| Jazyk | eng | |
| Ročník | 28 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 486-499 | |
| Extra | PMID: 33257622 | |
| ISSN | 1124-9390 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Infez Med | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/U4Z8DU3A | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 12. 2020 13:14:36 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 12. 2020 13:15:07 |
| Autor | Ronen Alon | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mike Sportiello | |
| Autor | Stav Kozlovski | |
| Autor | Ashwin Kumar | |
| Autor | Emma C. Reilly | |
| Autor | Alexander Zarbock | |
| Autor | Natalio Garbi | |
| Autor | David J. Topham | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-29 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of the fundamental processes underlying the versatile clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is incomplete without comprehension of how different immune cells are recruited to various compartments of virus-infected lungs, and how this recruitment differs among individuals with different levels of disease severity. As in other respiratory infections, leukocyte recruitment to the respiratory system in people with COVID-19 is orchestrated by specific leukocyte trafficking molecules, and when uncontrolled and excessive it results in various pathological complications, both in the lungs and in other organs. In the absence of experimental data from physiologically relevant animal models, our knowledge of the trafficking signals displayed by distinct vascular beds and epithelial cell layers in response to infection by SARS-CoV-2 is still incomplete. However, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus elicit partially conserved inflammatory responses in the different respiratory epithelial cells encountered early in infection and may trigger partially overlapping combinations of trafficking signals in nearby blood vessels. Here, we review the molecular signals orchestrating leukocyte trafficking to airway and lung compartments during primary pneumotropic influenza virus infections and discuss potential similarities to distinct courses of primary SARS-CoV-2 infections. We also discuss how an imbalance in vascular activation by leukocytes outside the airways and lungs may contribute to extrapulmonary inflammatory complications in subsets of patients with COVID-19. These multiple molecular pathways are potential targets for therapeutic interventions in patients with severe COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:00:03 | |
| Publikace | Nature Reviews Immunology | |
| Krátký název | Leukocyte trafficking to the lungs and beyond | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 21 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 49-64 | |
| Práva | 2020 Springer Nature Limited | |
| Extra | Number: 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group | |
| ISSN | 1474-1741 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.nature.com | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41577-020-00470-2 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QABMRBQA | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:00:03 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:08:50 |
| Autor | Oreste Gallo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Luca Giovanni Locatello | |
| Autor | Alessio Mazzoni | |
| Autor | Luca Novelli | |
| Autor | Francesco Annunziato | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-26 | |
| Abstrakt | The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 enters into the human body mainly through the ACE2 + TMPRSS2+ nasal epithelial cells. The initial host response to this pathogen occurs in a peculiar immune microenvironment that, starting from the Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (NALT) system, is the product of a long evolutionary process that is aimed to first recognize exogenous airborne agents. In the present work, we want to critically review the latest molecular and cellular findings on the mucosal response to SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal cavity and in NALT, and to analyze its impact in the subsequent course of COVID-19. Finally, we want to explore the possibility that the regulation of the systemic inflammatory network against the virus can be modulated starting from the initial phases of the nasal and nasopharyngeal response and this may have several clinical and epidemiological implications starting from a mucosal vaccine development. | |
| Přístup | 15. 12. 2020 12:45:59 | |
| Publikace | Mucosal Immunology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 1-12 | |
| Práva | 2020 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. part of Springer Nature | |
| Extra | Publisher: Nature Publishing Group | |
| ISSN | 1935-3456 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.nature.com | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41385-020-00359-2 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9FK678UL | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 12. 2020 12:45:59 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:43:38 |
| Autor | Yi Y. Zuo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | William E. Uspal | |
| Autor | Tao Wei | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-25 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is now causing a global pandemic. Aerosol transmission of COVID-19, although plausible, has not been confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a general transmission route. Considering the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, especially nosocomial outbreaks and other superspreading events, there is an urgent need to study the possibility of airborne transmission and its impact on the lung, the primary body organ attacked by the virus. Here, we review the complete pathway of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from aerosol dispersion in air to subsequent biological uptake after inhalation. In particular, we first review the aerodynamic and colloidal mechanisms by which aerosols disperse and transmit in air and deposit onto surfaces. We then review the fundamental mechanisms that govern regional deposition of micro- and nanoparticles in the lung. Focus is given to biophysical interactions between particles and the pulmonary surfactant film, the initial alveolar-capillary barrier and first-line host defense system against inhaled particles and pathogens. Finally, we summarize the current understanding about the structural dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its interactions with receptors at the atomistic and molecular scales, primarily as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. This review provides urgent and multidisciplinary knowledge toward understanding the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its health impact on the respiratory system. | |
| Přístup | 15. 12. 2020 12:55:07 | |
| Publikace | ACS Nano | |
| Krátký název | Airborne Transmission of COVID-19 | |
| Extra | PMID: 33236896 PMCID: PMC7724984 | |
| ISSN | 1936-0851 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed Central | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Nano | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acsnano.0c08484 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/S9J3XX92 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 12. 2020 12:55:07 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:43:48 |
| Autor | Ettore Maggiore | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Matteo Tommasini | |
| Autor | Paolo M. Ossi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-24-11 | |
| Abstrakt | During respiration-based activities, possibly ejected microorganisms such as viruses pass from an infected subject to a target person through aerosol droplets. Research focused mostly on the mechanisms of aerosol generation, the droplet size, initial velocity, velocity and size distribution, the indoor aerosol propagation. We here consider the saliva aerosol associated with breath and light cough chosen since they are the standard and much common, gentle respiratory activities. We study the propagation in stagnant air of such aerosols from a point placed ahead of the mouth at a distance from it such that we can approximate the ejecta as a non-turbulent flux. We focus on different outdoor environments for selected weather conditions. We analyze the free fall of droplets (diameter, 5 µm to 200 µm), verifying whether they evaporate, or they impact on the ground, for different environment temperature, pressure, and relative humidity values. We provide a two-dimensional description of the evaporation path and of the dynamics of droplets (diameter, 5 µm to 100 µm) either moving within the air flux associated with the aerosol, or settling out of it and experiencing free fall through air. Calculated droplet propagation distances with the boundary conditions for the considered environments can be useful when discussing prevention measures to limit airborne transmission of pathogens. Copyright © 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research | |
| Přístup | 14. 12. 2020 15:59:01 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | 0 | |
| Rozsah | 1-12 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1847247 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2020.1847247 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/VRWH49Q6 | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 12. 2020 15:59:01 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:43:53 |
| Autor | Mehmet Aydin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fatih Evrendilek | |
| Autor | Seckin Aydin Savas | |
| Autor | Ismail Erkan Aydin | |
| Autor | Deniz Eren Evrendilek | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-23 | |
| Abstrakt | Purpose The purpose of this study is to quantify the motion dynamics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods Three physical models of Newton’s and Stokes’s laws with(out) air resistance in the calm air are used to determine the falling time and velocity regimes of SARS-CoV-2 with(out) a respiratory water droplet of 1 to 2000 micrometers (µm) in diameter of an infected person of 0.5 to 2.6 m in height. Results The horizontal distance travelled by SARS-CoV-2 in free fall from 1.7 m was 0.88 m due to breathing or talking and 2.94 m due to sneezing or coughing. According to Newton’s laws of motion with air resistance, its falling velocity and time from 1.7 m were estimated at 3.95 × 10−2 m s−1 and 43 s, respectively. Large droplets > 100 µm reached the ground from 1.7 m in less than 1.6 s, while the droplets ≥ 30 µm fell within 4.42 s regardless of the human height. Based on Stokes’s law, the falling time of the droplets encapsulating SARS-CoV-2 ranged from 4.26 × 10−3 to 8.83 × 104 s as a function of the droplet size and height. Conclusion The spread dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic is closely coupled to the falling dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 for which Newton’s and Stokes’s laws appeared to be applicable mostly to the respiratory droplet size ≥ 237.5 µm and ≤ 237.5 µm, respectively. An approach still remains to be desired so as to better quantify the motion of the nano-scale objects. | |
| Přístup | 23. 11. 2020 12:52:18 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 40 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 880-886 | |
| ISSN | 2199-4757 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Med. Biol. Eng. | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s40846-020-00575-y | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3CZMFIUF | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 12:52:18 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:44:00 |
| Autor | Khansa Mahjoub Mohammed Merghani | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Benoit Sagot | |
| Autor | Evelyne Gehin | |
| Autor | Guillaume Da | |
| Autor | Charles Motzkus | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-18 | |
| Abstrakt | In the last two decades, multidisciplinary research teams worked on developing a comprehensive understanding of the transmission mechanisms of airborne diseases. This article reviews the experimental studies on the characterization of the exhaled airflow and the droplets, comparing the measured parameters, the advantages, and the limitations of each technique. To characterize the airflow field, the global flow field techniques ‐High‐speed photography, schlieren photography and PIV‐ are applied to visualize the shape and propagation of the exhaled airflow and its interaction with the ambient air, while the pointwise measurements provide quantitative measurements of the velocity, flow rate, humidity and temperature at a single point in the flow field. For the exhaled droplets, intrusive techniques are used to characterize the size distribution and concentration of the droplets' dry residues while non‐intrusive techniques can measure the droplet size and velocity at different locations in the flow field. The evolution of droplets' size and velocity away from the source has not yet been thoroughly experimentally investigated. Besides, there is a lack of information about the temperature and humidity fields composed by the interaction of the exhaled airflow and the ambient air. | |
| Publikace | Indoor Air | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2461838337 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| ISSN | 1600-0668 | |
| DOI | 10.1111/ina.12770 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8VG4TTIV | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 11:50:56 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:44:09 |
Copyright - © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-11-19
| Autor | Ali Khosronejad | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Christian Santoni | |
| Autor | Kevin Flora | |
| Autor | Zexia Zhang | |
| Autor | Seokkoo Kang | |
| Autor | Seyedmehdi Payabvash | |
| Autor | Fotis Sotiropoulos | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-06 | |
| Abstrakt | The Coronavirus disease outbreak of 2019 has been causing significant loss of life and unprecedented economical loss throughout the world. Social distancing and face masks are widely recommended around the globe in order to protect others and prevent the spread of the virus through breathing, coughing, and sneezing. To expand the scientific underpinnings of such recommendations, we carry out high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations of unprecedented resolution and realism to elucidate the underlying physics of saliva particulate transport during human cough with and without facial masks. Our simulations: (a) are carried out under both a stagnant ambient flow (indoor) and a mild unidirectional breeze (outdoor); (b) incorporate the effect of human anatomy on the flow; (c) account for both medical and non-medical grade masks; and (d) consider a wide spectrum of particulate sizes, ranging from 10 micro m to 300 micro m. We show that during indoor coughing some saliva particulates could travel up to 0.48 m, 0.73 m, and 2.62 m for the cases with medical-grade, non-medical grade, and without facial masks, respectively. Thus, in indoor environments either medical or non-medical grade facial masks can successfully limit the spreading of saliva particulates to others. Under outdoor conditions with a unidirectional mild breeze, however, leakage flow through the mask can cause saliva particulates to be entrained into the energetic shear layers around the body and transported very fast at large distances by the turbulent flow, thus, limiting the effectiveness of facial masks. | |
| Přístup | 24. 11. 2020 10:11:37 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.03394 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2011.03394 [physics] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2011.03394 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7ZLUZZEU | |
| Datum přidání | 24. 11. 2020 10:11:37 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:36 |
| Autor | Emiliano Renzi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Adam Clarke | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-06 | |
| Abstrakt | We show that the dynamics of the expiratory cloud ejected during human respiratory events can be modelled by extending the theory of buoyant vortex rings with initial momentum. We embed the integral conservation laws that govern the cloud’s motion into the model of an expanding vortex, to determine the velocity field inside and outside the cloud. We then apply a Lagrangian particle-tracking model to calculate the trajectories of the mucosalivary droplets suspended within the cloud. Our results show very good agreement with available experimental data. The vortex is shown to have a significant effect on suspending the droplets present in the cloud, increasing the time they remain airborne and extending their range further than predicted by existing models. We also study the role that initial conditions have on the maximum streamwise range of the droplets, finding that decreasing the angle of projection can reduce the spread of the droplets by an order of meters. Finally, we discuss the importance of these findings in the context of informing public health policies and global information campaigns to slow the spread of respiratory viruses. | |
| Přístup | 23. 11. 2020 13:44:20 | |
| URL | https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/journal%20contribution/Life_of_a_droplet_Buoyant_vortex_dynamics_drives_the_fate_of_micro-particle_expiratory_ejecta/13200170/1 | |
| Krátký název | Life of a droplet | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: Loughborough University | |
| Katalog knihovny | repository.lboro.ac.uk | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KFEXA27X | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 13:44:20 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:34 |
| Autor | Liqiao Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Muchuan Niu | |
| Autor | Yifang Zhu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Exposure to respiratory droplets contributes greatly to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the effectiveness of various face coverings to reduce cough-generated airborne particle concentrations at 0.3, 0.9, and 1.8 m away from the source in an indoor environment. We measured the particle number concentration (PNC) and particle size distribution under seven different conditions: (1) no face covering; (2) face shield only; (3) cloth mask; (4) face shield + cloth mask; (5) surgical mask; (6) face shield + surgical mask; (7) N95 respirator or equivalent (i.e., KN95 mask). We observed significant increases in PNCs at 0.3 m under conditions #1-4 and a trend toward an increase at 1.8 m, compared to the background. The face shield by itself provided little protection with a particle reduction of 4 ± 23% relative to no face covering, while the cloth masks reduced the particles by 77 ± 7%. Surgical and N95/KN95 masks performed well and substantially reduced the cough droplets to ≤6% at 0.3 m. In this study, most cough-generated particles were found less than 2.5 µm with an average mode diameter of ∼0.6 µm at 0.3 m. Approximately 80% of the particles ≤2.5 µm were able to travel to 0.9 m, and 10% of the particles ≤1.1 µm likely reached 1.8 m. Based on these results, face coverings, especially surgical and N95/KN95 masks, should be recommended as effective preventive measures to reduce outward transport of respiratory droplets during the COVID-19 pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 23. 11. 2020 15:58:56 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Ročník | 0 | |
| Číslo | ja | |
| Rozsah | 1-11 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1846679 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2020.1846679 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/UJ2EECMX | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 15:58:56 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:44:37 |
| Autor | Sadegh Niazi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Robert Groth | |
| Autor | Kirsten Spann | |
| Autor | Graham R. Johnson | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Whether virulent human pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) are effectively transmitted by aerosols remains contentious. Transmission modes of the novel coronavirus have become a hot topic of research with the importance of airborne transmission controversial due to the many factors that can influence virus transmission. Airborne transmission is an accepted potential route for the spread of some viral infections (measles, chickenpox); however, aerosol features and infectious inoculum vary from one respiratory virus to another. Infectious virus-laden aerosols can be produced by natural human respiratory activities, and their features are vital determinants for virus carriage and transmission. Physicochemical characteristics of infectious respiratory aerosols can influence the efficiency of virus transmission by droplets. This critical review identifies studies reporting instances of infected patients producing airborne human pathogenic coronaviruses, and evidence for the role of physical/chemical characteristics of human-generated droplets in altering embedded viruses’ viability. We also review studies evaluating these viruses in the air, field studies and available evidence about seasonality patterns. Ultimately the literature suggests that a proportion of virulent human coronaviruses can plausibly be transmitted via the air, even though this might vary in different conditions. Evidence exists for respirable-sized airborne droplet nuclei containing viral RNA, although this does not necessarily imply that the virus is transmittable, capable of replicating in a recipient host, or that inoculum is sufficient to initiate infection. However, evidence suggests that coronaviruses can survive in simulated droplet nuclei for a significant time (>24 h). Nevertheless, laboratory nebulized virus-laden aerosols might not accurately model the complexity of human carrier aerosols in studying airborne viral transport. In summary, there is disagreement on whether wild coronaviruses can be transmitted via an airborne path and display seasonal patterns. Further studies are therefore required to provide supporting evidence for the role of airborne transmission and assumed mechanisms underlying seasonality. | |
| Přístup | 23. 11. 2020 12:14:05 | |
| Publikace | Environmental Pollution | |
| Krátký název | The role of respiratory droplet physicochemistry in limiting and promoting the airborne transmission of human coronaviruses | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 115767 | |
| ISSN | 0269-7491 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Environmental Pollution | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115767 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/B85U932J | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 12:14:05 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:44:30 |
| Autor | Chong Shen Ng | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kai Leong Chong | |
| Autor | Rui Yang | |
| Autor | Mogeng Li | |
| Autor | Roberto Verzicco | |
| Autor | Detlef Lohse | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-03 | |
| Abstrakt | The ambient conditions surrounding liquid droplets determine their growth or shrinkage. However, the precise fate of a liquid droplet expelled from a respiratory puff as dictated by its surroundings and the puff itself has not yet been fully quantified. From the view of airborne disease transmission, such as SARS-CoV-2, knowledge of such dependencies are critical. Here we employ direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a turbulent respiratory vapour puff and account for the mass and temperature exchange with respiratory droplets and aerosols. In particular, we investigate how droplets respond to different ambient temperatures and relative humidity (RH) by tracking their Lagrangian statistics. We reveal and quantify that in cold and humid environments, as there the respiratory puff is supersaturated, expelled droplets can first experience significant growth, and only later followed by shrinkage, in contrast to the monotonic shrinkage of droplets as expected from the classical view by William F. Wells (1934). Indeed, cold and humid environments diminish the ability of air to hold water vapour, thus causing the respiratory vapour puff to super-saturate. Consequently, the super-saturated vapour field drives the growth of droplets that are caught and transported within the humid puff. To analytically predict the likelihood for droplet growth, we propose a model for the axial RH based on the assumption of a quasi-stationary jet. Our model correctly predicts super-saturated RH conditions and is in good quantitative agreement with our DNS. Our results culminate in a temperature-RH map that can be employed as an indicator for droplet growth or shrinkage. | |
| URL | https://search.proquest.com/docview/2457444876?accountid=17116 | |
| Publikace | arXiv.org | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2457444876 | |
| Extra | Place: Ithaca Publisher: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KARWCK99 | |
| Datum přidání | 23. 11. 2020 11:50:56 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:35 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-11-05
| Autor | Sanjay Kumar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Heow Pueh Lee | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11-01 | |
| Abstrakt | In the unfortunate event of the current ongoing pandemic COVID-19, where vaccination development is still in the trial phase, several preventive control measures such as social distancing, hand-hygiene, and personal protective equipment have been recommended by health professionals and organizations. Among them, the safe wearing of facemasks has played a vital role in reducing the likelihood and severity of infectious respiratory disease transmission. The reported research in facemasks has covered many of their material types, fabrication techniques, mechanism characterization, and application aspects. However, in more recent times, the focus has shifted toward the theoretical investigations of fluid flow mechanisms involved in the virus-laden particles’ prevention by using facemasks. This exciting research domain aims to address the complex fluid transport that led to designing a facemask with a better performance. This Review discusses the recent updates on fluid flow dynamics through the facemasks. Key design aspects such as thermal comfort and flow resistance are discussed. Furthermore, the recent progress in the investigations on the efficacy of facemasks for the prevention of COVID-19 spread and the impact of wearing facemasks is presented. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 9:43:50 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Ročník | 32 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 111301 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Physics of Fluids | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0029767 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K7Y7TA5P | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 11. 2020 13:39:59 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:45:01 |
Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physics of Fluids
| Autor | Raewyn G. Campbell | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-11 | |
| Abstrakt | BACKGROUND: General practitioners (GPs) have some of the highest rates of mortality from COVID-19 among healthcare workers. SARS-CoV-2 has unique properties that place GPs at particular risk. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to discuss the nose-related features of SARS-CoV-2 that place GPs at risk, and to make recommendations pertinent to the safety and protection of primary healthcare physicians. DISCUSSION: The highest viral load of SARS-CoV-2 is in the nose and nasopharynx. It is often highest early in the illness, before the development of symptoms. Further, SARS-CoV-2 replicates and continues to shed in the nasopharynx long after the virus is no longer detectable in the lower respiratory tract. This places any physician performing examinations on, or procedures involving, the upper respiratory tract at risk for contracting COVID-19. New-onset hyposmia and dysgeusia are indicators for COVID-19 and should be included in screening protocols. | |
| Publikace | Australian Journal of General Practice | |
| Krátký název | SARS-CoV-2 and the nose | |
| Jazyk | eng | |
| Ročník | 49 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 728-732 | |
| Extra | PMID: 33123703 | |
| ISSN | 2208-7958 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aust J Gen Pract | |
| DOI | 10.31128/AJGP-05-20-5452 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BYEBSUCX | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 12. 2020 13:13:52 | |
| Upraveno | 17. 12. 2020 9:12:47 |
| Autor | Hongping Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Zhaobin Li | |
| Autor | Xinlei Zhang | |
| Autor | Lixing Zhu | |
| Autor | Yi Liu | |
| Autor | Shizhao Wang | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-24 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic infectious respiratory disease with high mortality and infectiousness. This paper investigates respiratory droplet transmission, which is critical to understanding, modeling and controlling epidemics. In the present work, we implemented flow visualization, particle image velocimetry (PIV) and particle shadow tracking velocimetry (PSTV) to measure the velocity of the airflow and droplets involved in coughing and then constructed a physical model considering the evaporation effect to predict the motion of droplets under different weather conditions. The experimental results indicate that the convection velocity of cough airflow presents the relationship \(t^{-0.7}\) with time; hence, the distance from the cougher increases by \(t^{0.3}\) in the range of our measurement domain. Substituting these experimental results into the physical model reveals that the small droplets (initial diameter \(D \leq\) 100 \(\mu\)m) evaporate to droplet nuclei and that the large droplets with \(D \geq\) 500 \(\mu\)m and initial velocity \(u_0 \geq\) 5 m/s travel more than 2 m. Winter conditions of low temperature and high relative humidity can cause more droplets to settle to the ground, which may be a possible driver of a second pandemic wave in the autumn and winter seasons. | |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12781 | |
| Publikace | arXiv.org | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Rozsah | 27 | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2454518632 | |
| Extra | Place: Ithaca Publisher: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RKFEC86S | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 11. 2020 12:16:17 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:36 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-10-28
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-10-28
| Autor | Abdul Mannan Baig | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-21 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced central nervous system disease has now been recognized as a complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in addition to its multisystem organ infection. How does the central nervous system (CNS) get involved? The possible routes by which SARS-CoV-2 enters the CNS is now an active niche of research worldwide. We had previously hinted the pathway via the nose to the brain across the olfactory mucosa and cribriform plate. Here we detail three pathways by which the infection can ascend to the brain and have highlighted routes that can lead to CNS involvement from other body cavities like the mouth and pharynx. The spaces contained within the ensheathed olfactory nerves connected to the cerebrospinal fluid of the cranial cavity, in particular, has been described in addition to other routes of ascending infection toward the CNS. We implore others to investigate these covert yet important passages to understand the pathogenesis of Neuro-COVID in our fight against SARS-CoV-2 that has changed the lives of the human race in the ongoing pandemic. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:07:29 | |
| Publikace | ACS Chemical Neuroscience | |
| Krátký název | Covert Pathways to the Cranial Cavity | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 20 | |
| Rozsah | 3185-3187 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Chemical Society | |
| Katalog knihovny | ACS Publications | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | ACS Chem. Neurosci. | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00604 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9HHLI2GS | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:07:29 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:09:23 |
| Autor | Ronald Eccles | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-16 | |
| Abstrakt | This review discusses how nasal congestion may have benefits as a mechanism of defence against respiratory viruses. Methods A literature research was conducted on respiratory viruses and nasal congestion, following a recently published review on how temperature sensitivity is important for the success of common respiratory viruses. Results The literature reported that common respiratory viruses are temperature sensitive and replicate well at the cooler temperatures of the upper airways (32°C), but replication is restricted at body temperature (37°C). The amplitude of the phases of congestion and decongestion associated with the nasal cycle was increased on infection with respiratory viruses and this caused unilateral nasal congestion and obstruction. Nasal congestion and obstruction increase nasal mucosal temperature towards 37°C and therefore restricted the replication of respiratory viruses. Conclusion Nasal congestion associated with the nasal cycle may act as a mechanism of respiratory defence against infection with respiratory viruses | |
| Publikace | Clinical Otolaryngology | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database | |
| Místo v archivu | 2451496210 | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| DOI | 10.1111/coa.13658 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WUSZPHMT | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 11. 2020 12:16:17 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:45:32 |
Copyright - © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-10-20
| Autor | N. Mao | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | C. K. An | |
| Autor | L. Y. Guo | |
| Autor | M. Wang | |
| Autor | L. Guo | |
| Autor | S. R. Guo | |
| Autor | E. S. Long | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Droplets provide a well-known transmission media in the COVID-19 epidemic, and the particle size is closely related to the classification of the transmission route. However, the term “aerosol” covers most particle sizes of suspended particulates because of information asymmetry in different disciplines, which may lead to misunderstandings in the selection of epidemic prevention and control strategies for the public. In this review, the time when these droplets are exhaled by a patient was taken as the initial time. Then, all available viral loads and numerical distribution of the exhaled droplets was analyzed, and the evaporation model of droplets in the air was combined with the deposition model of droplet nuclei in the respiratory tract. Lastly, the perspective that physical spread affects the transmission risk of different size droplets at different times was summarized for the first time. The results showed that although the distribution of exhaled droplets was dominated by small droplets, droplet volume was proportional to the third power of particle diameter, meaning that the viral load of a 100 μm droplet was approximately 106 times that of a 1 μm droplet at the initial time. Furthermore, the exhaled droplets are affected by heat and mass transfer of evaporation, water fraction, salt concentration, and acid-base balance (the water fraction > 98%), which lead them to change rapidly, and the viral survival condition also deteriorates dramatically. The time required for the initial diameter (do) of a droplet to shrink to the equilibrium diameter (de, about 30% of do) is approximately proportional to the second power of the particle diameter, taking only a few milliseconds for a 1 μm droplet but hundreds of milliseconds for a 10 μm droplet; in other words, the viruses carried by the large droplets can be preserved as much as possible. Finally, the infectious droplet nuclei maybe inhaled by the susceptible population through different and random contact routes, and the droplet nuclei with larger de decompose more easily into tiny particles on account of the accelerated collision in a complex airway, which can be deposited in the higher risk alveolar region. During disease transmission, the infectious droplet particle size varies widely, and the transmission risk varies significantly at different time nodes; therefore, the fuzzy term “aerosol” is not conducive to analyzing disease exposure risk. Recommendations for epidemic prevention and control strategies are: 1) Large droplets are the main conflict in disease transmission; thus, even if they are blocked by a homemade mask initially, it significantly contains the epidemic. 2) The early phase of contact, such as close-contact and short-range transmission, has the highest infection risk; therefore, social distancing can effectively keep the susceptible population from inhaling active viruses. 3) The risk of the fomite route depends on the time in contact with infectious viruses; thus, it is important to promote good health habits (including frequent hand washing, no-eye rubbing, coughing etiquette, normalization of surface cleaning), although blind and excessive disinfection measures are not advisable. 4) Compared with the large droplets, the small droplets have larger numbers but carry fewer viruses and are more prone to die through evaporation. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2020 9:33:40 | |
| Publikace | Building and Environment | |
| Krátký název | Transmission risk of infectious droplets in physical spreading process at different times | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 185 | |
| Rozsah | 107307 | |
| ISSN | 0360-1323 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Building and Environment | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107307 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5SNAKGWL | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2020 9:33:40 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:45:45 |
| Autor | Riyakumari K. Patel | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Isis A. Shackelford | |
| Autor | Mariah C. Priddy | |
| Autor | Jonathan A. Kopechek | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory droplets emitted during speech can transmit oral bacteria and infectious viruses to others, including COVID-19. Loud speech can generate significantly higher numbers of potentially infectious respiratory droplets. This study assessed the effect of speech volume on respiratory emission of oral bacteria as an indicator of potential pathogen transmission risk. Loud speech (average 83 dBA, peak 94 dBA) caused significantly higher emission of oral bacteria (p = 0.004 compared to no speech) within 1 ft from the speaker. N99 respirators and simple cloth masks both significantly reduced emission of oral bacteria. This study demonstrates that loud speech without face coverings increases emission of respiratory droplets that carry oral bacteria and may also carry other pathogens such as COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 3. 11. 2020 9:58:38 | |
| Publikace | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | |
| Ročník | 148 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 2322-2326 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Acoustical Society of America | |
| ISSN | 0001-4966 | |
| Katalog knihovny | asa.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | |
| DOI | 10.1121/10.0002278 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/PRCB8XFX | |
| Datum přidání | 3. 11. 2020 9:58:38 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:46:05 |
| Autor | Miguel E. Ortiz | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andrew Thurman | |
| Autor | Alejandro A. Pezzulo | |
| Autor | Mariah R. Leidinger | |
| Autor | Julia A. Klesney-Tait | |
| Autor | Philip H. Karp | |
| Autor | Ping Tan | |
| Autor | Christine Wohlford-Lenane | |
| Autor | Paul B. McCray | |
| Autor | David K. Meyerholz | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-10-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Zoonotically transmitted coronaviruses are responsible for three disease outbreaks since 2002, including the current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Its efficient transmission and range of disease severity raise questions regarding the contributions of virus-receptor interactions. ACE2 is a host ectopeptidase and the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Numerous reports describe ACE2 mRNA abundance and tissue distribution; however, mRNA abundance is not always representative of protein levels. Currently, there is limited data evaluating ACE2 protein and its correlation with other SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility factors. Materials and methods We systematically examined the human upper and lower respiratory tract using single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry to determine receptor expression and evaluated its association with risk factors for severe COVID-19. Findings Our results reveal that ACE2 protein is highest within regions of the sinonasal cavity and pulmonary alveoli, sites of presumptive viral transmission and severe disease development, respectively. In the lung parenchyma, ACE2 protein was found on the apical surface of a small subset of alveolar type II cells and colocalized with TMPRSS2, a cofactor for SARS-CoV2 entry. ACE2 protein was not increased by pulmonary risk factors for severe COVID-19. Additionally, ACE2 protein was not reduced in children, a demographic with a lower incidence of severe COVID-19. Interpretation These results offer new insights into ACE2 protein localization in the human respiratory tract and its relationship with susceptibility factors to COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:31:45 | |
| Publikace | EBioMedicine | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 60 | |
| Rozsah | 102976 | |
| ISSN | 2352-3964 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | EBioMedicine | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102976 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JCGWMEWM | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:31:45 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:10:59 |
| Autor | Yin Yao | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hai Wang | |
| Autor | Zheng Liu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-25 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a rising international cause of morbidity and mortality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is identified as a key cell entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and suggested to be a limiting factor for viral entry at the initial infection stage. Recent studies have demonstrated that ACE2 expression is highly enriched in nasal epithelial cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells, highlighting the importance of respiratory tract as the primary target site of SARS-CoV-2. The expression of ACE2 in airway epithelial cells is tightly regulated by inflammatory milieu and environmental and internal stimuli. Very recently, ACE2 has been reported to have different expression levels in airways under distinct chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and allergic asthma, which may associate with the COVID-19 risk and affect the management of primary airway diseases. In this review, we focus on the cutting-edge progress in distribution, expression, and regulation of ACE2 in respiratory system in physiological and pathological conditions, and their implication for the development of COVID-19. We also discuss the management of airway diseases, including asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis in the era of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:46:31 | |
| Publikace | Clinical & Experimental Allergy | |
| Krátký název | Expression of ACE2 in airways | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 50 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 1313-1324 | |
| Práva | © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cea.13746 | |
| ISSN | 1365-2222 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1111/cea.13746 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TVVUPJJG | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:46:31 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:16:10 |
| Autor | Pamela C. Proud | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Daphne Tsitoura | |
| Autor | Robert J. Watson | |
| Autor | Brendon Y. Chua | |
| Autor | Marilyn J. Aram | |
| Autor | Kevin R. Bewley | |
| Autor | Breeze E. Cavell | |
| Autor | Rebecca Cobb | |
| Autor | Stuart Dowall | |
| Autor | Susan A. Fotheringham | |
| Autor | Catherine M. K. Ho | |
| Autor | Vanessa Lucas | |
| Autor | Didier Ngabo | |
| Autor | Emma Rayner | |
| Autor | Kathryn A. Ryan | |
| Autor | Gillian S. Slack | |
| Autor | Stephen Thomas | |
| Autor | Nadina I. Wand | |
| Autor | Paul Yeates | |
| Autor | Christophe Demaison | |
| Autor | David C. Jackson | |
| Autor | Nathan W. Bartlett | |
| Autor | Francesca Mercuri | |
| Autor | Miles W. Carroll | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-25 | |
| Abstrakt | Abstract Respiratory viruses such as coronaviruses represent major ongoing global threats, causing epidemics and pandemics with huge economic burden. Rapid spread of virus through populations poses an enormous challenge for outbreak control. Like all respiratory viruses, the most recent novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, initiates infection in the upper respiratory tract (URT). Infected individuals are often asymptomatic, yet highly infectious and readily transmit virus. A therapy that restricts initial replication in the URT has the potential to prevent progression of severe lower respiratory tract disease as well as limiting person-to-person transmission.</p><p>We show that prophylactic intra-nasal administration of the TLR2/6 agonist INNA-051 in a SARS-CoV-2 ferret infection model effectively reduces levels of viral RNA in the nose and throat. The results of our study support clinical development of a therapy based on prophylactic TLR2/6 innate immune activation in the URT to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission and provide protection against COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:09:21 | |
| Publikace | bioRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2020.09.25.309914 | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.biorxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.09.25.309914 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2Y8U4KZZ | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:09:21 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:30:03 |
| Autor | Yijun Yuan | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Reciprocal Personal/Public Protection (RPPP) featured with source control is introduced, Facepiece Discriminating Mouth and Nose (FDMN) is employed to serve the purpose, which includes polymer based mouth cover with optional nose cover. The new knowledge that mouth is a primary, active and dominant source of the virus has been well established, which is the base of FDMN. Source classification and related source control tools are discussed, mouth cover is recommended as the tool prioritized to use. Liquid droplets is identified as a hard issue related to mask, liquid droplets, mask fitting, comfort and facial recognition constitute real challenges of mask in addition to efficiency, All of these have been addressed with FDMN. Comparisons between FDMN and masks/face covering are taken on four aspects: efficiency and efficacy, tolerance and comfort, cost and waste, and civil rights and public interest. Mouth cover is recommended to replace the face covering and act as both a personal tool and a public utensil, mouth cover with nose cover can provide better protection than N95 etc. RPPP with FDMN, could be an alternative for lockdown, a parallel strategy to vaccine, and a collectively living way during the pandemic era. FDMN, featured with high efficiency protection, high degree comfort, easy wearing, tight-fitting, easy facial recognition & communication, reusability, cost-effective, environment friendly and scale manufacturing more readily and widely etc., is a simple and sustainable solution, which is essential for ordinary people to keep wearing it properly for protection. | |
| Publikace | Preprints | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2442437790 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: MDPI AG | |
| DOI | 10.20944/preprints202009.0320.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HSX4K4WF | |
| Datum přidání | 13. 10. 2020 15:58:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:46:15 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-09-16
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-09-16
| Autor | Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari | |
| Autor | Mashael Alabed | |
| Autor | Mohamed-Hani Temsah | |
| Autor | Saba Al Heialy | |
| Autor | Qutayba Hamid | |
| Autor | Rabih Halwani | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-11 | |
| Abstrakt | It has been reported that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are the main cell entry proteins for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and play a critical role in causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To investigate the expression level of these SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry genes in the lung airway, we used public gene expression datasets. We have found a differential expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in nasal and bronchial airways relative to age and diseases status. Children were found to have significantly lower expression of COVID-19 receptors in the upper and lower airways (nasal and bronchial). Moreover, the lung airway expression of both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was found to be significantly upregulated in smokers compared with non-smokers, and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with healthy subjects. No difference was observed in the blood expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 between children and adults, or in COPD or diabetic patients. However, a significant increase in blood expression levels of these genes was observed in patients with essential hypertension, whereas only ACE2 was upregulated in the blood of asthmatics. These results suggest that the observed difference in COVID-19 severity between children and adults could, in part, be attributed to the difference in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 airways tissue expression levels. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:37:28 | |
| Publikace | Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 18 | |
| Rozsah | 1-6 | |
| ISSN | 2329-0501 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.013 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/HIB4ZQS3 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:37:28 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:11:13 |
| Autor | H. Aliee | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | F. Massip | |
| Autor | C. Qi | |
| Autor | M. Stella de Biase | |
| Autor | J. van Nijnatten | |
| Autor | E. T. G. Kersten | |
| Autor | N. Z. Kermani | |
| Autor | B. Khuder | |
| Autor | J. M. Vonk | |
| Autor | R. C. H. Vermeulen | |
| Autor | U.-BIOPRED study Group | |
| Autor | Cambridge Lung Cancer Early Detection Programme | |
| Autor | INER-Ciencias Mexican Lung Program | |
| Autor | NHLBI LungMAP Consortium | |
| Autor | M. Neighbors | |
| Autor | G. W. Tew | |
| Autor | M. Grimbaldeston | |
| Autor | N. H. T. ten Hacken | |
| Autor | S. Hu | |
| Autor | Y. Guo | |
| Autor | X. Zhang | |
| Autor | K. Sun | |
| Autor | P. S. Hiemstra | |
| Autor | B. A. Ponder | |
| Autor | M. J. Mäkelä | |
| Autor | K. Malmström | |
| Autor | R. C. Rintoul | |
| Autor | P. A. Reyfman | |
| Autor | F. J. Theis | |
| Autor | C. A. Brandsma | |
| Autor | I. M. Adcock | |
| Autor | W. Timens | |
| Autor | C. J. Xu | |
| Autor | M. van den Berge | |
| Autor | R. F. Schwarz | |
| Autor | G. H. Koppelman | |
| Autor | M. C. Nawijn | |
| Autor | A. Faiz | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-02 | |
| Abstrakt | Background The recent outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to a worldwide pandemic. A subset of COVID-19 patients progresses to severe disease, with high mortality and limited treatment options. Detailed knowledge of the expression regulation of genes required for viral entry into respiratory epithelial cells is urgently needed. Methods Here we assess the expression patterns of genes required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, and their regulation by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors, throughout the respiratory tract using samples collected from the upper (nasal) and lower airways (bronchi). Findings Genes encoding viral receptors and activating protease are increased in the nose compared to the bronchi in matched samples and associated with the proportion of secretory epithelial cells in cellular deconvolution analyses. Current or ex-smoking was found to increase expression of these genes only in lower airways, which was associated with a significant increase in the predicted proportion of goblet cells. Both acute and second hand smoke exposure were found to increase ACE2 expression while inhaled corticosteroids decrease ACE2 expression in the lower airways. A strong association of DNA- methylation with ACE2 and TMPRSS2- mRNA expression was identified. Interpretation Genes associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells are high in upper airways, but strongly increased in lower airways by smoke exposure. In contrast, ICS decreases ACE2 expression, indicating that inhaled corticosteroids are unlikely to increase the risk for more severe COVID-19 disease. Funding This work was supported by a Seed Network grant from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to M.C.N. and by the European Union’s H2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement no. 874656 (discovAIR) to M.C.N. U BIOPRED was supported by an Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (No. 115010), resources from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies’ in kind contribution (www.imi.europa.eu). Longfonds Junior Fellowship. We acknowledge the contribution of the whole U-BIOPRED team as listed in the Appendix S1.’ SDB, FM and RFS would like to thank the Helmholtz Association, Germany, for support.” NIH K08HL146943; Parker B. Francis Fellowship; ATS Foundation/Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. Research Fellowship in IPF. RCR is part funded by Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre and the Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. BAP was funded by programme support from Cancer Research UK. The CRUKPAP Study was supported by the CRUK Cambridge Cancer Centre, by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and by the Cambridge Bioresource. PIAMA was supported by The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development; The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; The Netherlands Lung Foundation (with methylation studies supported by AF 4.1.14.001); The Netherlands Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing, and the Environment; and The Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport. Dr. Qi is supported by a grant from the China Scholarship Council. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:49:30 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2020.08.31.20169946 | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), CC BY-NC 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.08.31.20169946 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/KRUBU5K2 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:49:30 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:10:27 |
| Autor | Giovanni Seminara | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bruno Carli | |
| Autor | Guido Forni | |
| Autor | Sandro Fuzzi | |
| Autor | Andrea Mazzino | |
| Autor | Andrea Rinaldo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-01 | |
| Abstrakt | We review the state of knowledge on the bio-fluid dynamic mechanisms involved in the transmission of the infection from SARS-CoV-2. The relevance of the subject stems from the key role of airborne virus transmission by viral particles released by an infected person via coughing, sneezing, speaking or simply breathing. Speech droplets generated by asymptomatic disease carriers are also considered for their viral load and potential for infection. Proper understanding of the mechanics of the complex processes whereby the two-phase flow emitted by an infected individual disperses into the environment would allow us to infer from first principles the practical rules to be imposed on social distancing and on the use of facial and eye protection, which to date have been adopted on a rather empirical basis. These measures need compelling scientific validation. A deeper understanding of the relevant biological fluid dynamics would also allow us to evaluate the contrasting effects of natural or forced ventilation of environments on the transmission of contagion: the risk decreases as the viral load is diluted by mixing effects but contagion is potentially allowed to reach larger distances from the infected source. To that end, our survey supports the view that a formal assessment of a number of open problems is needed. They are outlined in the discussion. | |
| Přístup | 9. 9. 2020 14:34:15 | |
| Publikace | Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 31 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 505-537 | |
| ISSN | 1720-0776 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12210-020-00938-2 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N3D37ZVX | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 9. 2020 14:34:15 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:46:23 |
| Autor | L. de Gabory | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | A. Alharbi | |
| Autor | M. Kérimian | |
| Autor | M. -E. Lafon | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-09-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 cause trivial upper and severe lower respiratory infections (Influenza virus 290,000 to 650,000 deaths/year). These viruses come into contact with the airways either by direct projection, by secondary inhalation of airborne droplets, or by handling (fomites). The objective of this article is to clarify the mechanisms of production and penetration of droplets of secretions emitted during all expiratory phenomena likely to transport these viruses and come into contact with the respiratory mucosa. The droplets>5μm follow the laws of ballistics, those<5μm follow Brownian motion and remain suspended in the air. The aerosols of droplets are very heterogeneous whether the subject is healthy or sick. During an infectious period, not all droplets contain viral RNA. If these RNAs are detectable around patients, on surfaces, and in the ambient air at variable distances according to the studies (from 0.5m to beyond the patient's room), this is without prejudice to the infectious nature (viability) of the virus and the minimum infectious dose. There is a time lag between the patient's infectious period and that of RNA detection for both viruses. Subsequently, the inhaled particles must meet the laws of fluid dynamics (filtration) to settle in the respiratory tree. All of this partly explains the contagiousness and the clinical expression of these two viruses from the olfactory cleft to the alveoli. | |
| Přístup | 15. 10. 2020 15:11:28 | |
| Publikace | European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases | |
| Krátký název | The influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and the airways | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 137 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 291-296 | |
| ISSN | 1879-7296 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.05.015 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WP2E8VVK | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 10. 2020 15:11:28 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:46:30 |
| Autor | Robert Wolff | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-30 | |
| Abstrakt | Many individuals are wearing face masks improperly at ‘half mask’ and potentially breathing out microbes that can contaminate the air as well as anything below the nose. This note provides the first report that bacteria and fungi breathed out during nasal air exhalation are able to be cultured after landing on blood agar plates. The CFU’s are higher after both 10 breaths and extremely significant for 20 breaths compared to the control plates exposed to the air. Implications of this finding are that going ‘nose commando’ may be able to continue the spread of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. | |
| Publikace | Preprints | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Archiv | Coronavirus Research Database; ProQuest Central | |
| Místo v archivu | 2438552398 | |
| Extra | Place: Basel Publisher: MDPI AG | |
| DOI | 10.20944/preprints202008.0663.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/5QYRKGAX | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 9. 2020 8:55:51 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:46:39 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-09-02
| Autor | Gregson | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Watson | |
| Autor | Orton | |
| Autor | Haddrell | |
| Autor | McCarthy | |
| Autor | Finnie | |
| Autor | Nick Gent | |
| Autor | Donaldson | |
| Autor | Shah | |
| Autor | Calder | |
| Autor | Bzdek | |
| Autor | Costello | |
| Autor | Jonathan Reid | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-20 | |
| Abstrakt | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented shutdown in social and economic activity with the cultural sector particularly severely affected. Restrictions on performance have arisen from a perception that there is a significantly higher risk of aerosol production from singing than speaking based upon high-profile examples of clusters of COVID-19 following choral rehearsals. However, no direct comparison of aerosol generation from singing and speaking has been reported. Here, we measure aerosols from singing, speaking and breathing in a zero-background environment, allowing unequivocal attribution of aerosol production to specific vocalisations. Speaking and singing show steep increases in mass concentration with increase in volume (spanning a factor of 20-30 across the dynamic range measured, p<1×10-5). At the quietest volume (50 to 60 dB), neither singing (p=0.19) or speaking (p=0.20) were significantly different to breathing. At the loudest volume (90 to 100 dB), a statistically significant difference (p<1×10-5) is observed between singing and speaking, but with singing only generating a factor of between 1.5 and 3.4 more aerosol mass. Guidelines should create recommendations based on the volume and duration of the vocalisation, the number of participants and the environment in which the activity occurs, rather than the type of vocalisation. Mitigations such as the use of amplification and increased attention to ventilation should be employed where practicable. | |
| Přístup | 9. 9. 2020 14:17:31 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: ChemRxiv | |
| Katalog knihovny | chemrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.26434/chemrxiv.12789221.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/63QLTULC | |
| Datum přidání | 9. 9. 2020 14:17:31 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:46:49 |
| Autor | Roland R. Netz | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-20 | |
| Abstrakt | For estimating the infection risk from virus-containing airborne droplets, it is crucial to consider the interplay of all relevant physical-chemical effects that affect droplet evaporation and sedimentation times. For droplet radii in the range 70 nm < R < 60 μm, evaporation can be described in the stagnant-flow approximation and is diffusion-limited. Analytical equations are presented for the droplet evaporation rate, the time-dependent droplet size, and the sedimentation time, including evaporation cooling and solute osmotic-pressure effects. Evaporation makes the time for initially large droplets to sediment much longer and thus significantly increases the viral air load. Using recent estimates for SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in sputum and droplet production rates while speaking, a single infected person that constantly speaks without a mouth cover produces a total steady-state air load of more than 104 virions at a given time. In a midsize closed room, this leads to a viral inhalation frequency of at least 2.5 per minute. Low relative humidity, as encountered in airliners and inside buildings in the winter, accelerates evaporation and thus keeps initially larger droplets suspended in air. Typical air-exchange rates decrease the viral air load from droplets with an initial radius larger than 20 μm only moderately. | |
| Publikace | The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B | |
| Jazyk | eng | |
| Ročník | 124 | |
| Číslo | 33 | |
| Rozsah | 7093-7101 | |
| Extra | PMID: 32668904 PMCID: PMC7409921 | |
| ISSN | 1520-5207 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J Phys Chem B | |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05229 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7TYKFP72 | |
| Datum přidání | 15. 12. 2020 12:59:27 | |
| Upraveno | 15. 12. 2020 12:59:27 |
| Autor | Lucia Bandiera | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Geethanjali Pavar | |
| Autor | Gabriele Pisetta | |
| Autor | Shuji Otomo | |
| Autor | Enzo Mangano | |
| Autor | Jonathan R. Seckl | |
| Autor | Paul Digard | |
| Autor | Emanuela Molinari | |
| Autor | Filippo Menolascina | |
| Autor | Ignazio Maria Viola | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-14 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory droplets are the primary transmission route for SARS-CoV-2. Evidence suggests that virus transmission can be reduced by face coverings, but robust evidence for how mask usage might affect safe distancing parameters is lacking. Accordingly, we investigate the effectiveness of surgical masks and single-layer cotton masks on mitigating dispersion of large respiratory droplets (i.e. non aerosol). We tested a manikin ejecting fluorescent droplets and human volunteers in speaking and coughing conditions. We quantified the number of droplets in flight using laser sheet illumination and UV-light for those that had landed at table height at up to 2m. For human volunteers, expiratory droplets were caught on a microscope slide 5cm from the mouth. Whether manikin or human, wearing a face covering decreased the number of projected droplets by >1000-fold. We estimated that a person standing 2m from someone coughing without a mask is exposed to over 1000 times more respiratory droplets than from someone standing 5 cm away wearing a basic single layer mask. Our results indicate that face coverings show consistent efficacy at blocking respiratory droplets. If aerosol transmission is later determined to be a significant driver of infection, then our findings may overestimate the effectiveness of face coverings. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2020 16:42:33 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2020.08.11.20145086 | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.08.11.20145086 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RP6Q9GJP | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2020 16:42:33 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:47:00 |
| Autor | William Bain | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hernán F. Peñaloza | |
| Autor | Mark S. Ladinsky | |
| Autor | Rick van der Geest | |
| Autor | Mara Sullivan | |
| Autor | Mark Ross | |
| Autor | Georgios D. Kitsios | |
| Autor | Barbara Methe | |
| Autor | Bryan J. McVerry | |
| Autor | Alison Morris | |
| Autor | Alan M. Watson | |
| Autor | Simon C. Watkins | |
| Autor | Claudette M. St Croix | |
| Autor | Donna B. Stolz | |
| Autor | Pamela J. Bjorkman | |
| Autor | Janet S. Lee | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-14 | |
| Abstrakt | SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia may induce an aberrant immune response with brisk recruitment of myeloid cells into the lower respiratory tract, which may contribute to morbidity and mortality. We describe endotracheal aspirate samples from seven patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. We note SARS-CoV-2 virions within lower respiratory tract myeloid cells shown by electron tomography, immunofluorescence confocal imaging, and immuno-electron microscopy. Endotracheal aspirates are primarily composed of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These myeloid cells that harbor virus are frequently positive for CD14 and/or CD16 and most display an inflammatory phenotype marked by expression of IL-6 and tissue factor mRNA transcript and protein expression. | |
| Přístup | 10. 2. 2021 15:03:34 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.08.11.20171967 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/9EMDZHGE | |
| Datum přidání | 10. 2. 2021 15:03:34 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:47:08 |
| Autor | Pawel Sokal | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Karol Sokal | |
| Autor | Gaetan Chevalier | |
| Autor | Sara Kieronska | |
| Autor | Julia Sokal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: Low pH is an important factor facilitating entry of enveloped viruses including coronaviruses and further fusion with the host epithelial cell membrane. pH in the pulmonary environment can be maintained by supplying a negative electric charge. The main objective was to check if earthing (direct or indirect connection to Earth) changes the pH of the respiratory tract. Methods: Nine participants were evaluated and pH measurements were taken on the mucous membrane of the throat before and after 15 minutes of earthing. Results: Mean pH before earthing was 5.83±0.43 and after earthing was 6.33± 0.43 (p=0.000323). Conclusions: Earthing is able to supply a negative charge resulting in alkalization of the pulmonary environment. The increased pH value in the respiratory tract reduces the pH-dependent entry of coronaviruses into epithelial cells. Earthing can have an impact on the course of respiratory tract infection both viral and bacterial decreasing the susceptibility of the development of fatal forms of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). | |
| Přístup | 19. 8. 2020 13:07:21 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.researchsquare.com | |
| DOI | 10.21203/rs.3.rs-41899/v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/JCDJ2T3E | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 8. 2020 13:07:21 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:47:23 |
| Autor | Hongying Li | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fong Yew Leong | |
| Autor | George Xu | |
| Autor | Chang Wei Kang | |
| Autor | Keng Hui Lim | |
| Autor | Ban Hock Tan | |
| Autor | Chian Min Loo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-04 | |
| Abstrakt | The Covid-19 pandemic has focused attention on airborne transmission of viruses. Using realistic air flow simulation, we model droplet dispersion from coughing and study the transmission risk related to SARS-CoV-2. Although most airborne droplets are 8-16 $\mu$m in diameter, the droplets with the highest transmission potential are, in fact, 32-40 $\mu$m. Use of face masks is therefore recommended for both personal and social protection. We found social distancing effective at reducing transmission potential across all droplet sizes. However, the presence of a human body 1 m away modifies the aerodynamics so that downstream droplet dispersion is enhanced, which has implications on safe distancing in queues. Based on median viral load, we found that an average of 0.55 viral copies is inhaled at 1 m distance per cough. Droplet evaporation results in significant reduction in droplet counts, but airborne transmission remains possible even under low humidity conditions. | |
| Přístup | 19. 8. 2020 13:10:59 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.01912 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2008.01912 [physics] | |
| Krátký název | Airborne dispersion of droplets during coughing | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2008.01912 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LC9ELPPQ | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 8. 2020 10:14:02 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:36 |
Copyright - © 2020. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Poslední aktualizace - 2020-08-07
| Autor | Yong Guo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Jianjian Wei | |
| Autor | Cuiyun Ou | |
| Autor | Li Liu | |
| Autor | Sasan Sadrizadeh | |
| Autor | Tao Jin | |
| Autor | Lingling Tang | |
| Autor | Yinping Zhang | |
| Autor | Yuguo Li | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-02 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory droplets are bioaerosols that originate from the respiratory tract. Knowing their deposition characteristics during exhalation would facilitate the understanding of the source of large respiratory droplets and their importance in the spread of respiratory infectious diseases. In this study, computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate the motion and deposition of droplets released from either trachea or bronchi in a realistic reconstruction of the human respiratory tract. Influences of airflow structures and locations of droplet generation on droplet deposition are studied, and droplets with diameters between 1 and 50 µm are examined. The deposition of droplets is found to be influenced mainly by the droplet diameter and the flow rate of exhalation. The number of droplets released from the trachea or bronchi that can escape into the environment decreases as the flow rate increases. When the flow rate is low (10 L/min), the critical diameter of droplets generated in the lower respiratory system that can escape into the air is approximately 12 µm, but this diameter is approximately 5 µm when the flow rate is medium (30 to 60 L/min) or large (90 L/min). The larynx is the dominant site of deposition for droplets smaller than the critical diameter, while trachea and bronchus are more important locations that account for the deposition of larger droplets. This study indicates that the lower respiratory tract is an important source of fine droplets (<5 µm) in indoor environments, and larger droplets probably originate from the upper respiratory tract, which needs further investigation.Copyright © 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 12:52:14 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol Science and Technology | |
| Krátký název | Deposition of droplets from the trachea or bronchus in the respiratory tract during exhalation | |
| Ročník | 54 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 869-879 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1772459 | |
| ISSN | 0278-6826 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/02786826.2020.1772459 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WZU9D3UG | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 12:52:14 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:47:34 |
| Autor | C. P. Cummins | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | O. J. Ajayi | |
| Autor | F. V. Mehendale | |
| Autor | R. Gabl | |
| Autor | I. M. Viola | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-01 | |
| Abstrakt | In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of spherical droplets in the presence of a source–sink pair flow field. The dynamics of the droplets is governed by the Maxey–Riley equation with the Basset–Boussinesq history term neglected. We find that, in the absence of gravity, there are two distinct behaviors for the droplets: small droplets cannot go further than a specific distance, which we determine analytically, from the source before getting pulled into the sink. Larger droplets can travel further from the source before getting pulled into the sink by virtue of their larger inertia, and their maximum traveled distance is determined analytically. We investigate the effects of gravity, and we find that there are three distinct droplet behaviors categorized by their relative sizes: small, intermediate-sized, and large. Counterintuitively, we find that the droplets with a minimum horizontal range are neither small nor large, but of intermediate size. Furthermore, we show that in conditions of regular human respiration, these intermediate-sized droplets range in size from a few μm to a few hundred μm. The result that such droplets have a very short range could have important implications for the interpretation of existing data on droplet dispersion. | |
| Přístup | 19. 8. 2020 13:16:14 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Ročník | 32 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 083302 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Physics of Fluids | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0021427 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6LKER3KP | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 8. 2020 13:16:14 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:47:50 |
| Autor | Mohammad-Reza Pendar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | José Carlos Páscoa | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-08-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Violent respiratory diseases, i.e., coronavirus (COVID-19), spread through saliva in coughs and sneezes or are even exhaled in the form of microbial pathogen micro-droplets. Therefore, in this work, a comprehensive fully coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method has been applied for infection control, thus leading to a deeper understanding of the saliva-disease-carrier droplet transmission mechanisms and also of their trajectory tracking by using the OpenFOAM package. This model determines the droplet–air interactions, the breakup process, and turbulent dispersion forces on each micro-droplet that is expelled within the respiratory tract in a correct way. By examining a broad range of initial velocities, size distributions, injection angles of saliva micro-droplets, and mouth opening areas, we predict the maximum opening area that can be driven by micro-droplets. One important contribution of this work is to present a correlation for the length and width of the overall direct maximum reach of the micro-droplets, driven by a wide range of mild coughs to intense sneezes. Our results indicate that the movement of the expelled droplets is mainly influenced by their size, angle, velocity, and environmental factors. During a virus crisis, like COVID-19, this paper can be used to determine the “social distance” between individuals to avoid contamination, by inhaling or touching their bodies, due to these saliva-disease-carrier droplets in sneezing, at various social distance positions such as face-to-face, meeting standing, and near equipment. The safe distance must be increased to around 4 m during a sneeze. By wearing a face mask and by bending the head during a sneeze as a protective action, we can reduce the contamination area to one-third and three-quarters, respectively. Furthermore, the dispersion of the film of the expelled saliva micro-droplets and the spatial relationship between the subjects, which affects the airflow inside the room, are also analyzed in detail. | |
| Přístup | 19. 8. 2020 13:17:35 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Ročník | 32 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Physics of Fluids | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0018432 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/I7EZ38FI | |
| Datum přidání | 19. 8. 2020 13:17:35 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:47:43 |
| Autor | Lia Becher | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Amayu Wakoya Gena | |
| Autor | Conrad Voelker | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-26 | |
| Abstrakt | The following assessment refers to playing wind instruments (both woodwind and brass) and singing. Using the schlieren method presented in the following, the spreading of the breathing air, which could contain infectious aerosols, is made visible. The actual dispersion of aerosols is not recorded. Therefore, the evaluations can only be used to determine how far and to which extent the exhaled air is transported directly into the room. Additionally, it should be noted that each musician has developed his or her own blowing technique in addition to his or her individual physical characteristics. Furthermore, the angle at which the instrument is played must be taken into account in order to estimate the direction in which the air escapes from the bell and the tone holes and when exhaling between phrases (e.g. oboe, bassoon). The illustrations and explanations shown below are only a rough guideline for how far and in which direction the air escapes from the instrument. In addition to the images shown in this report, we would like to refer to the accompanying video of the recordings in front of the schlieren mirror at https://vimeo.com/431505952. | |
| URL | https://www.uni-weimar.de/fileadmin/user/fak/bauing/professuren_institute/Bauphysik/00_Aktuelles/Risk_assessment_of_the_spread_of_breathing_air_from_wind_instruments_and_singers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic.pdf | |
| Katalog knihovny | Bauhas-Universität Weimar | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YLQQ8UKY | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 11:01:15 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:34 |
| Autor | Yixuan J. Hou | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Kenichi Okuda | |
| Autor | Caitlin E. Edwards | |
| Autor | David R. Martinez | |
| Autor | Takanori Asakura | |
| Autor | Kenneth H. Dinnon | |
| Autor | Takafumi Kato | |
| Autor | Rhianna E. Lee | |
| Autor | Boyd L. Yount | |
| Autor | Teresa M. Mascenik | |
| Autor | Gang Chen | |
| Autor | Kenneth N. Olivier | |
| Autor | Andrew Ghio | |
| Autor | Longping V. Tse | |
| Autor | Sarah R. Leist | |
| Autor | Lisa E. Gralinski | |
| Autor | Alexandra Schäfer | |
| Autor | Hong Dang | |
| Autor | Rodney Gilmore | |
| Autor | Satoko Nakano | |
| Autor | Ling Sun | |
| Autor | M. Leslie Fulcher | |
| Autor | Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico | |
| Autor | Nathan I. Nicely | |
| Autor | Mark Cameron | |
| Autor | Cheryl Cameron | |
| Autor | David J. Kelvin | |
| Autor | Aravinda de Silva | |
| Autor | David M. Margolis | |
| Autor | Alena Markmann | |
| Autor | Luther Bartelt | |
| Autor | Ross Zumwalt | |
| Autor | Fernando J. Martinez | |
| Autor | Steven P. Salvatore | |
| Autor | Alain Borczuk | |
| Autor | Purushothama R. Tata | |
| Autor | Vishwaraj Sontake | |
| Autor | Adam Kimple | |
| Autor | Ilona Jaspers | |
| Autor | Wanda K. O’Neal | |
| Autor | Scott H. Randell | |
| Autor | Richard C. Boucher | |
| Autor | Ralph S. Baric | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-23 | |
| Abstrakt | The mode of acquisition and causes for the variable clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unknown. We utilized a reverse genetics system to generate a GFP reporter virus to explore severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis and a luciferase reporter virus to demonstrate sera collected from SARS and COVID-19 patients exhibited limited cross-CoV neutralization. High-sensitivity RNA in situ mapping revealed the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in the nose with decreasing expression throughout the lower respiratory tract, paralleled by a striking gradient of SARS-CoV-2 infection in proximal (high) versus distal (low) pulmonary epithelial cultures. COVID-19 autopsied lung studies identified focal disease and, congruent with culture data, SARS-CoV-2-infected ciliated and type 2 pneumocyte cells in airway and alveolar regions, respectively. These findings highlight the nasal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 with likely subsequent aspiration-mediated virus seeding to the lung in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. These reagents provide a foundation for investigations into virus-host interactions in protective immunity, host susceptibility, and virus pathogenesis. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:11:37 | |
| Publikace | Cell | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 182 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 429-446.e14 | |
| ISSN | 0092-8674 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Cell | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.042 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QZ44TMK9 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:11:37 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:11:53 |
| Autor | T. I. Zohdi | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-10 | |
| Abstrakt | The pandemic of 2020 has led to a huge interest of modeling and simulation of infectious diseases. One of the central questions is the potential infection zone produced by a cough. In this paper, mathematical models are developed to simulate the progressive time-evolution of the distribution of locations of particles produced by a cough. Analytical and numerical studies are undertaken. The models ascertain the range, distribution and settling time of the particles under the influence of gravity and drag from the surrounding air. Beyond qualitative trends that illustrate that large particles travel far and settle quickly, while small particles do not travel far and settle slowly, the models provide quantitative results for distances travelled and settling times, which are needed for constructing social distancing policies and workplace protocols. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 10:43:19 | |
| Publikace | Computational Mechanics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| ISSN | 1432-0924 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Comput Mech | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00466-020-01875-5 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/A75Z3SMH | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 10:43:19 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:47:58 |
| Autor | Rajat Mittal | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Rui Ni | |
| Autor | Jung-Hee Seo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Flow physics plays a key role in nearly every facet of the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes the generation and aerosolization of virus-laden respiratory droplets from a host, its airborne dispersion and deposition on surfaces, as well as the subsequent inhalation of these bioaerosols by unsuspecting recipients. Fluid dynamics is also key to preventative measures such as the use of face masks, hand washing, ventilation of indoor environments and even social distancing. This article summarizes what we know and, more importantly, what we need to learn about the science underlying these issues so that we are better prepared to tackle the next outbreak of COVID-19 or a similar disease. | |
| Přístup | 5. 3. 2021 10:48:42 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Fluid Mechanics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 894 | |
| Rozsah | F2 | |
| ISSN | 1469-7645 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J. Fluid Mech. | |
| DOI | 10.1017/jfm.2020.330 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/L9N2KMYT | |
| Datum přidání | 5. 3. 2021 10:48:42 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:49:09 |
| Autor | Keith Zimmerman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Fiona Kearns | |
| Autor | Radouil Tzekov | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-09 | |
| Abstrakt | A pandemic outbreak of a viral respiratory infection (COVID-19) caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) prompted a multitude of research focused on various aspects of this disease. One of the interesting aspects of the clinical manifestation of the infection is an accompanying ocular surface viral infection, viral conjunctivitis. Although occasional reports of viral conjunctivitis caused by this and the related SARS-CoV virus (causing the SARS outbreak in the early 2000s) are available, the prevalence of this complication among infected people appears low (~1%). This is surprising, considering the recent discovery of the presence of viral receptors (ACE2 and TMPRSS2) in ocular surface tissue. The discrepancy between the theoretically expected high rate of concurrence of viral ocular surface inflammation and the observed relatively low occurrence can be explained by several factors. In this work, we discuss the significance of natural protective factors related to anatomical and physiological properties of the eyes and preventing the deposition of large number of virus-loaded particles on the ocular surface. Specifically, we advance the hypothesis that the standing potential of the eye plays an important role in repelling aerosol particles (microdroplets) from the surface of the eye and discuss factors associated with this hypothesis, possible ways to test it and its implications in terms of prevention of ocular infections. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 9:05:32 | |
| Publikace | Medical Hypotheses | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 143 | |
| ISSN | 0306-9877 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Medical Hypotheses | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110082 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4NDIMHV2 | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 9:05:32 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:48:02 |
| Autor | Stefanie Deinhardt-Emmer | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Daniel Wittschieber | |
| Autor | Juliane Sanft | |
| Autor | Sandra Kleemann | |
| Autor | Stefan Elschner | |
| Autor | Karoline Frieda Haupt | |
| Autor | Vanessa Vau | |
| Autor | Clio Häring | |
| Autor | Jürgen Rödel | |
| Autor | Andreas Henke | |
| Autor | Christina Ehrhardt | |
| Autor | Michael Bauer | |
| Autor | Mike Philipp | |
| Autor | Nikolaus Gaßler | |
| Autor | Sandor Nietzsche | |
| Autor | Bettina Löffler | |
| Autor | Gita Mall | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-02 | |
| Abstrakt | Clinical observations indicate that COVID-19 is a systemic disease. An investigation of the viral distribution within the human body in correlation to tissue damage can help to understand SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present a detailed RNA mapping in 61 tissues and organs of 11 deceased patients with COVID-19. The autopsies were performed within the (very) early postmortem interval to avoid bias due to RNA and tissue degradation. Very high viral loads were detected in the lungs of most patients and then correlated to severe tissue damage. In addition, intact viral particles could be verified in the lung tissue by transmission electron microscopy. However, viral RNA was detected throughout further extra-pulmonary tissues and organs without visible tissue damage, inflammatory and prothrombotic factors were elevated in all patients. In conclusion, the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA throughout the body supports the hypothesis of a maladaptive host response with viremia and multi-organ dysfunction. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 8:45:33 | |
| Publikace | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Práva | © 2020. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (“the License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.01.182550 Place: Cold Spring Harbor, United States, Cold Spring Harbor Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Section: New Results | |
| Katalog knihovny | BioRxiv | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.07.01.182550 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/36D5STZS | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 8:45:33 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:48:15 |
| Autor | C. Zemouri | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | S.F. Awad | |
| Autor | C.M.C. Volgenant | |
| Autor | W. Crielaard | |
| Autor | A.M.G.A. Laheij | |
| Autor | J.J. de Soet | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-02 | |
| Abstrakt | Dental health care workers are in close contact to their patients and are therefore at higher risk for contracting airborne infectious diseases. The transmission rates of airborne pathogens from patient to dental health care workers are unknown. With the outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as seasonal influenza, occasional outbreaks of measles and tuberculosis, and the current pandemic of the coronavirus disease COVID-19, it is important to estimate the risks for dental health care workers. Therefore, the transmission probability of these airborne infectious diseases was estimated via mathematical modeling. The transmission probability was modeled for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Legionella pneumophila, measles virus, influenza virus, and coronaviruses per a modified version of the Wells-Riley equation. This equation incorporated the indoor air quality by using carbon dioxide as a proxy and added the respiratory protection rate from medical face masks and N95 respirators. Scenario-specific analyses, uncertainty analyses, and sensitivity analyses were run to produce probability rates. A high transmission probability was characterized by high patient infectiousness, the absence of respiratory protection, and poor indoor air quality. The highest transmission probabilities were estimated for measles virus (100%), coronaviruses (99.4%), influenza virus (89.4%), and M. tuberculosis (84.0%). The low-risk scenario leads to transmission probabilities of 4.5% for measles virus and 0% for the other pathogens. From the sensitivity analysis, it shows that the transmission probability is strongly driven by indoor air quality, followed by patient infectiousness, and the least by respiratory protection from medical face mask use. Airborne infection transmission of pathogens such as measles virus and coronaviruses is likely to occur in the dental practice. The risk magnitude, however, is highly dependent on specific conditions in each dental clinic. Improved indoor air quality by ventilation, which reduces carbon dioxide, is the most important factor that will either strongly increase or decrease the probability of the transmission of a pathogen. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 8:54:47 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Dental Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc | |
| ISSN | 0022-0345 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | J Dent Res | |
| DOI | 10.1177/0022034520940288 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DKXU54DR | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 8:54:47 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:48:09 |
| Autor | Ne-Hooi Will Loh | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yanni Tan | |
| Autor | Juvel Taculod | |
| Autor | Billy Gorospe | |
| Autor | Analine S. Teope | |
| Autor | Jyoti Somani | |
| Autor | Addy Yong Hui Tan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-01 | |
| Abstrakt | To the Editor, Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 threatens healthcare resources throughout the world. This is particularly true for the patients who develop moderate to severe respiratory failure and require oxygen supplementation devices such as high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC).1 The HFNC uses humidification to allow the delivery of up to 100% oxygen at flow rates of up to 60 L·min−1; however, there is a concern this may aerosolize respiratory tract pathogens. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 12:01:08 | |
| Publikace | Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie | |
| Krátký název | The impact of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on coughing distance | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 67 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 893-894 | |
| ISSN | 1496-8975 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12630-020-01634-3 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ANWQE7IF | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 12:01:08 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:48:23 |
| Autor | Kenrie P Y Hui | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Man-Chun Cheung | |
| Autor | Ranawaka A P M Perera | |
| Autor | Ka-Chun Ng | |
| Autor | Christine H T Bui | |
| Autor | John C W Ho | |
| Autor | Mandy M T Ng | |
| Autor | Denise I T Kuok | |
| Autor | Kendrick C Shih | |
| Autor | Sai-Wah Tsao | |
| Autor | Leo L M Poon | |
| Autor | Malik Peiris | |
| Autor | John M Nicholls | |
| Autor | Michael C W Chan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019, causing a respiratory disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) of varying severity in Wuhan, China, and subsequently leading to a pandemic. The transmissibility and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly understood. We evaluate its tissue and cellular tropism in human respiratory tract, conjunctiva, and innate immune responses in comparison with other coronavirus and influenza virus to provide insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis. Methods We isolated SARS-CoV-2 from a patient with confirmed COVID-19, and compared virus tropism and replication competence with SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 (H1N1pdm) in ex-vivo cultures of human bronchus (n=5) and lung (n=4). We assessed extrapulmonary infection using ex-vivo cultures of human conjunctiva (n=3) and in-vitro cultures of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Innate immune responses and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression were investigated in human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. In-vitro studies included the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus (H5N1) and mock-infected cells as controls. Findings SARS-CoV-2 infected ciliated, mucus-secreting, and club cells of bronchial epithelium, type 1 pneumocytes in the lung, and the conjunctival mucosa. In the bronchus, SARS-CoV-2 replication competence was similar to MERS-CoV, and higher than SARS-CoV, but lower than H1N1pdm. In the lung, SARS-CoV-2 replication was similar to SARS-CoV and H1N1pdm, but was lower than MERS-CoV. In conjunctiva, SARS-CoV-2 replication was greater than SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 was a less potent inducer of proinflammatory cytokines than H5N1, H1N1pdm, or MERS-CoV. Interpretation The conjunctival epithelium and conducting airways appear to be potential portals of infection for SARS-CoV-2. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 replicated similarly in the alveolar epithelium; SARS-CoV-2 replicated more extensively in the bronchus than SARS-CoV. These findings provide important insights into the transmissibility and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and differences with other respiratory pathogens. Funding US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University Grants Committee of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Health and Medical Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:47:21 | |
| Publikace | The Lancet Respiratory Medicine | |
| Krátký název | Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory tract and conjunctiva | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 8 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 687-695 | |
| ISSN | 2213-2600 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | The Lancet Respiratory Medicine | |
| DOI | 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30193-4 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/27THLBHM | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 9:54:57 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:12:12 |
| Autor | Xiaoyan Guo | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yusheng Jie | |
| Autor | Yinong Ye | |
| Autor | Ping Chen | |
| Autor | Xinhua Li | |
| Autor | Zhiliang Gao | |
| Autor | Ganwen Li | |
| Autor | Hong Deng | |
| Autor | Yubao Zheng | |
| Autor | Bingliang Lin | |
| Autor | Yutian Chong | |
| Autor | Fengjuan Chen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-07-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused global public health concerns. Multiple clinical features relating to host profile but not for virus have been identified as the risk factors for illness severity and/or the outcomes in COVID-19.The clinical features obtained from a cohort of 195 laboratory-confirmed, nasopharynx-sampled patients with COVID-19 in Guangdong, China from January 13 to February 29, 2020 were enrolled to this study. The differences in clinical features among 4 groups (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) and between 2 groups (severe vs nonsevere) were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Student’s t test, respectively. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were performed to identify the major factors that account for illness severity.In addition to the previously described clinical illness severity-related factors, including older age, underlying diseases, higher level of C-reactive protein, D-dimer and aspartate aminotransferase, longer fever days and higher maximum body temperature, larger number of white blood cells and neutrophils but relative less lymphocytes, and higher ratio of neutrophil to lymphocytes, we found that the initial viral load is an independent factor that accounts for illness severity in COVID-19 patients.The initial viral load of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a novel virological predictor for illness severity of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:54:40 | |
| Publikace | Open Forum Infectious Diseases | |
| Ročník | 7 | |
| Číslo | ofaa282 | |
| ISSN | 2328-8957 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Open Forum Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1093/ofid/ofaa282 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/TEJKUHYZ | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:54:40 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:12:25 |
| Autor | Apoorva Mulay | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Bindu Konda | |
| Autor | Gustavo Garcia | |
| Autor | Changfu Yao | |
| Autor | Stephen Beil | |
| Autor | Chandani Sen | |
| Autor | Arunima Purkayastha | |
| Autor | Jay Kolls | |
| Autor | Derek Pociask | |
| Autor | Patrizia Pessina | |
| Autor | Carolina Garcia-De-Alba | |
| Autor | Julio Sainz De Aja Jr | |
| Autor | Carla Kim | |
| Autor | Brigitte Gomperts | |
| Autor | Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami | |
| Autor | Barry Stripp | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-29 | |
| Abstrakt | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest respiratory pandemic resulting from zoonotic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Severe symptoms include viral pneumonia secondary to infection and inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, in some cases causing death. We developed primary human lung epithelial infection models to understand responses of proximal and distal lung epithelium to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Differentiated air-liquid interface cultures of proximal airway epithelium and 3D organoid cultures of alveolar epithelium were readily infected by SARS-CoV-2 leading to an epithelial cell-autonomous proinflammatory response. We validated the efficacy of selected candidate COVID-19 drugs confirming that Remdesivir strongly suppressed viral infection/replication. We provide a relevant platform for studying COVID-19 pathobiology and for rapid drug screening against SARS-CoV-2 and future emergent respiratory pathogens. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 8:45:32 | |
| Publikace | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Práva | © 2020. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ (“the License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ Place: Cold Spring Harbor, United States, Cold Spring Harbor Publisher: Section: New Results | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.06.29.174623 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/BVCRQVSU | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 10:51:03 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:26:30 |
| Autor | M. Jeremiah Matson | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Claude Kwe Yinda | |
| Autor | Stephanie N. Seifert | |
| Autor | Trenton Bushmaker | |
| Autor | Robert J. Fischer | |
| Autor | Neeltje van Doremalen | |
| Autor | James O. Lloyd-Smith | |
| Autor | Vincent J. Munster | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06-08 | |
| Abstrakt | We found that environmental conditions affect the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in nasal mucus and sputum. The virus is more stable at low-temperature and low-humidity conditions, whereas warmer temperature and higher humidity shortened half-life. Although infectious virus was undetectable after 48 hours, viral RNA remained detectable for 7 days. | |
| Publikace | Emerging Infectious Diseases | |
| Jazyk | eng | |
| Ročník | 26 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Extra | PMID: 32511089 PMCID: PMC7454058 | |
| ISSN | 1080-6059 | |
| Katalog knihovny | PubMed | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Emerg Infect Dis | |
| DOI | 10.3201/eid2609.202267 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/AGF95JBQ | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 8. 2020 12:21:50 | |
| Upraveno | 17. 12. 2020 9:11:52 |
| Autor | Michael Riediker | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Lidia Morawska | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06 | |
| Abstrakt | A characteristic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the few cases of severely affected children. They not only rarely get symptoms but also seem to be poor transmitters. We propose that this may be explained by the mechanism of breath droplet formation, which occur during the re-opening of collapsed terminal bronchioles. Children's lungs are still developing. Compared to adults they have few alveoli and terminal bronchioles, thus less sites of aerosol formation where virus-loaded lung lining liquid can get airborne. In addition, children have a lower respiratory minute volume and tend to have a lower viral load. These points, together with the fact that asymptomatic carriers release less aerosols than symptomatic carriers support the idea that children are indeed poor transmitters of the COVID-19 virus. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 11:10:57 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 20 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 1513-1515 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research | |
| ISSN | 2071-1409 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aaqr.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.2020.06.0304 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QHPVQ3FD | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 11:10:57 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:50:08 |
| Autor | Joan C. Smith | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Erin L. Sausville | |
| Autor | Vishruth Girish | |
| Autor | Monet Lou Yuan | |
| Autor | Anand Vasudevan | |
| Autor | Kristen M. John | |
| Autor | Jason M. Sheltzer | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-06 | |
| Abstrakt | The factors mediating fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are poorly understood. Here, we show that cigarette smoke causes a dose-dependent upregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in rodent and human lungs. Using single-cell sequencing data, we demonstrate that ACE2 is expressed in a subset of secretory cells in the respiratory tract. Chronic smoke exposure triggers the expansion of this cell population and a concomitant increase in ACE2 expression. In contrast, quitting smoking decreases the abundance of these secretory cells and reduces ACE2 levels. Finally, we demonstrate that ACE2 expression is responsive to inflammatory signaling and can be upregulated by viral infections or interferon treatment. Taken together, these results may partially explain why smokers are particularly susceptible to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Furthermore, our work identifies ACE2 as an interferon-stimulated gene in lung cells, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infections could create positive feedback loops that increase ACE2 levels and facilitate viral dissemination. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 10:00:45 | |
| Publikace | Developmental Cell | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 53 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 514-529.e3 | |
| ISSN | 1534-5807 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Developmental Cell | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.012 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/P8ZG4RCP | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 10:00:45 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 3. 2021 10:01:02 |
| Autor | Scott Leonard | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Wayne Strasser | |
| Autor | Jessica S. Whittle | |
| Autor | Leonithas I. Volakis | |
| Autor | Ronald J. DeBellis | |
| Autor | Reid Prichard | |
| Autor | Charles W. Atwood | |
| Autor | George C. Dungan | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-29 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective All respiratory care represents some risk of becoming an Aerosol Generating Procedure (AGP) during COVID‐19 patient management. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Environmental Control/Engineering is advised. High Velocity Nasal Insufflation (HVNI) and High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) deliver High Flow Oxygen (HFO) therapy, established as a competent means of supporting oxygenation for acute respiratory distress patients, including that precipitated by COVID‐19. Although unlikely to present a disproportionate particle dispersal risk, AGP from HFO continues to be a concern. Previously, we published a preliminary model. Here, we present a subsequent high‐resolution simulation (higher complexity/reliability) to provide a more accurate and precise particle characterization on the effect of surgical masks on patients during HVNI, Low‐Flow Oxygen therapy (LFO2), and tidal breathing. This in‐silico modeling study of HVNI, LFO2, and tidal breathing presents ANSYS Fluent Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations that evaluate the effect of Type I surgical mask use over patient face on particle/droplet behavior. This in‐silico modeling simulation study of HVNI (40L∙min‐1) with a simulated surgical mask suggests 88.8% capture of exhaled particulate mass in the mask, compared to 77.4% in LFO2 (6L∙min‐1) capture, with particle distribution escaping to the room (>1m from face) lower for HVNI+Mask versus LFO2+Mask (8.23% versus 17.2%). The overwhelming proportion of particulate escape was associated with mask‐fit designed model gaps. Particle dispersion was associated with lower velocity. These simulations suggest employing a surgical mask over the HVNI interface may be useful in reduction of particulate mass distribution associated with AGPs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 10:56:25 | |
| Publikace | Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open; Hoboken | |
| Krátký název | Reducing aerosol dispersion by High Flow Therapy in COVID‐19 | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Práva | © 2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ | |
| Extra | Place: Hoboken, United States, Hoboken Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1002/emp2.12158 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3JAXBYL5 | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 10:56:25 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:50:28 |
| Autor | Santhosh Samuel Mathews | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-29 | |
| Abstrakt | The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, has declared the novel Corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. It is essential to understand how coronavirus transmits from one person to another and this knowledge will help protect the vulnerable and limit the spread of the Corona virus. The mode of respiratory transmission of Corona virus is not completely understood as of date. Using a computer simulation, this paper analyses the probability of spreading of Corona virus through air among the people who are standing in a queue. The parameters such as the diameter of the virus particle, room temperature, relative humidity, height of the person, distance between the people and the waiting time in the queue are considered in the computer model to determine the distribution of Corona virus and hence identify the risk factor of spreading the Covid-19. This paper describes the possibilities of getting infectious when a Covid-19 infected person present in a queue and the impact on the waiting time and the position in the queue on the transmission of Corona virus. | |
| Přístup | 27. 7. 2020 10:21:19 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2020.05.16.20104489 | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.05.16.20104489 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8CDMY4NU | |
| Datum přidání | 27. 7. 2020 10:21:19 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:50:21 |
| Autor | Justus Kavita Mutuku | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Wen-Che Hou | |
| Autor | Wei-Hsin Chen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-25 | |
| Abstrakt | ABSTRACT Determining the hotspots and deposition efficiencies (DEs) for aerosols in human airways is important for both research and medical purposes. The complexity of the human airways and the breathing process limit the application of in vitro measurements to only two consecutive branches of the human airway. Herein, in-depth information on in vitro experiments and state-of-the-art review on various computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications and finite element methods on airflow and aerosol motion in both healthy and obstructed human airways are provided. A brief introduction of the application of one-dimensional and two-dimensional mathematical models to investigate airflow and particle motion in the lungs are further discussed. As evident in this review, aerosol deposition in the upper and central human airway regions has been extensively studied under different inhalation statuses and conditions such as humidity as well as different aerosol sizes, shapes, and properties. However, there is little literature on the lower sections of the human airways. Herein, a detailed review of the fundamentals for both in vitro experiments and numerical simulation at different sections of human airways is done. Exceptional features and essential developments in numerical methods for aerosol motion in healthy and diseased human airways are also discussed. Challenges and limitations associated with the applications of in vitro experiments and CFD methods on both human-specific and idealized models are highlighted. The possibility of airborne transmission pathways for COVID-19 has been discussed. Overall, this review provides the most useful approach for carrying out two-phase flow investigations at different sections of the human lungs and under different inhalation statuses. Additionally, new research gaps that have developed recently on the role of bioaerosols motion in COVID-19 transmission, as well as the deposition of aerosols in impaired human airways due to coronavirus (COVID-19) are underlined. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:52:26 | |
| Publikace | Aerosol and Air Quality Research | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 20 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Rozsah | 1172-1196 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research | |
| ISSN | 2071-1409 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aaqr.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerosol Air Qual. Res. | |
| DOI | 10.4209/aaqr.2020.04.0185 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6S8TRATG | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:52:26 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:16:37 |
| Autor | Balázs G. Madas | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Péter Füri | |
| Autor | Árpád Farkas | |
| Autor | Attila Nagy | |
| Autor | Aladár Czitrovszky | |
| Autor | Imre Balásházy | |
| Autor | Gusztáv G. Schay | |
| Autor | Alpár Horváth | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-12 | |
| Abstrakt | The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been emerged as a rapidly spreading pandemic. The disease is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The pathogen of COVID-19 is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It infects the cells binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) which is expressed by cells throughout the airways as targets for cellular entry. Although the majority of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience symptoms of mild upper respiratory tract infection, in some people infections of the peripheral airways result in severe, potentially fatal pneumonia. However, the induction of COVID-19 pneumonia requires that SARS-CoV-2 reaches the peripheral airways. While huge efforts have been made to understand the spread of the disease as well as the pathogenesis following cellular entry, much less attention is paid how SARS-CoV-2 from the environment reach the receptors of the target cells. The aim of the present study is to characterize the deposition distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in the airways upon exposure to cough-generated aerosol. For this purpose, the Stochastic Lung Deposition Model has been applied. Aerosol size distribution and breathing parameters were taken from the literature supposing normal breathing through the nose. We found that the probability of direct infection of the peripheral airways due to inhalation of aerosol generated by a bystander cough is very low. As the number of pathogens deposited in the extrathoracic airways is ~10 times higher than in the peripheral airways, we concluded that in most cases COVID-19 pneumonia must be preceded by SARS-CoV-2 infection of the upper airways. Our results suggest that without the enhancement of viral load in the upper airways, COVID-19 would be much less dangerous... | |
| Přístup | 21. 5. 2020 10:54:07 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.05882 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2005.05882 [physics, q-bio] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2005.05882 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3KM7LJPI | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 5. 2020 10:54:07 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:36 |
Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures
| Autor | Robinson Perić | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Milovan Perić | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The use of face masks for the general public has been suggested in literature as a means to decrease virus transmission during the global COVID-19 pandemic. However, literature findings indicate that most mask designs do not provide reliable protection. This paper investigates the hypothesis that the impaired protection is mainly due to imperfect fitting of the masks, so that airflow, which contains virus-transporting droplets, can leak through gaps into or out of the mask. The fluid dynamics of face masks are investigated via analytical and numerical computations. The results demonstrate that the flow can be satisfactorily predicted by simplified analytical 1D-flow models, by efficient 2D-flow simulations and by 3D-flow simulations. The present results show that already gap heights larger than 0.1mm can result in the mask not fulfilling FFP2 or FFP3 standards, and for gap heights of ca. 1mm most of the airflow and droplets may pass through the gap. The implications of these findings are discussed and improvements to existing mask designs are suggested. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 13:10:05 | |
| URL | http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08800 | |
| Publikace | arXiv:2005.08800 [physics] | |
| Extra | arXiv: 2005.08800 | |
| Katalog knihovny | arXiv.org | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/M23FEEYD | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 13:10:05 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:38 |
Comment: This article is a preprint. A link to the final journal article will be posted here when the article is accepted
| Autor | Annalisa Frizzelli | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Domenico Tuttolomondo | |
| Autor | Marina Aiello | |
| Autor | Maria Majori | |
| Autor | Giuseppina Bertorelli | |
| Autor | Alfredo Chetta | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-11 | |
| Abstrakt | The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan in December 2019 as cause of the consequent novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus has since spread worldwide. The clinical presentation following human infection ranges from a mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. We reviewed literature using Pubmed to identify relevant English-language articles published until April 15, 2020. Search terms include novel coronavirus pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, coronavirus and ventilation. We summarized what SARS-CoV-2 infection means for the lungs. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:37:45 | |
| Publikace | Acta Bio Medica Atenei Parmensis | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 91 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 146-149 | |
| Práva | Copyright (c) 2020 Publisher | |
| Extra | Number: 2 | |
| ISSN | 2531-6745 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mattioli1885journals.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Acta Bio Med | |
| DOI | 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9574 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/YHD8PHGY | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:37:45 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:12:44 |
| Autor | Dominique Kang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Clifford Ellgen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Air temperature and body temperature may influence COVID-19 disease severity and transmission rates. In vitro data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 loses infectivity at normal core body temperature (37°C); however, small reductions in temperature proximate to 37°C may result in substantially increased viral stability. If these results are representative of viral decay rates in vivo, then cooler temperatures in the body may enable more rapid viral growth. Breathing cool air—even as warm as 25°C—cools upper respiratory tract (URT) surfaces to several degrees below body temperature, and these lower temperatures may make the URT exceptionally conducive to SARS-CoV-2 replication. Increased URT viral load may enable more effective transmission. Additionally, because SARS-CoV-2 infection may frequently begin in the URT before spreading through the body, an increased rate of viral replication in the URT early in the disease course may result in more rapid progression of disease, potentially causing more severe adverse outcomes. Core body temperature may also be a factor in disease severity, as lower core body temperatures may enable more rapid viral growth. The significance of air temperature and body temperature to disease severity and transmission rates may inform preventative measures and post-exposure prophylaxis treatments for COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 14:42:22 | |
| Publikace | MDPI AG, preprints | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Práva | © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | Place: Basel, Switzerland, Basel Publisher: MDPI AG Section: REVIEW | |
| DOI | 10.20944/preprints202005.0070.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/27HH3D2Y | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 10:56:25 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:50:52 |
| Autor | Kelvin Kai-Wang To | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Owen Tak-Yin Tsang | |
| Autor | Wai-Shing Leung | |
| Autor | Anthony Raymond Tam | |
| Autor | Tak-Chiu Wu | |
| Autor | David Christopher Lung | |
| Autor | Cyril Chik-Yan Yip | |
| Autor | Jian-Piao Cai | |
| Autor | Jacky Man-Chun Chan | |
| Autor | Thomas Shiu-Hong Chik | |
| Autor | Daphne Pui-Ling Lau | |
| Autor | Chris Yau-Chung Choi | |
| Autor | Lin-Lei Chen | |
| Autor | Wan-Mui Chan | |
| Autor | Kwok-Hung Chan | |
| Autor | Jonathan Daniel Ip | |
| Autor | Anthony Chin-Ki Ng | |
| Autor | Rosana Wing-Shan Poon | |
| Autor | Cui-Ting Luo | |
| Autor | Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng | |
| Autor | Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan | |
| Autor | Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung | |
| Autor | Zhiwei Chen | |
| Autor | Honglin Chen | |
| Autor | Kwok-Yung Yuen | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes severe community and nosocomial outbreaks. Comprehensive data for serial respiratory viral load and serum antibody responses from patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not yet available. Nasopharyngeal and throat swabs are usually obtained for serial viral load monitoring of respiratory infections but gathering these specimens can cause discomfort for patients and put health-care workers at risk. We aimed to ascertain the serial respiratory viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in posterior oropharyngeal (deep throat) saliva samples from patients with COVID-19, and serum antibody responses. Methods We did a cohort study at two hospitals in Hong Kong. We included patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. We obtained samples of blood, urine, posterior oropharyngeal saliva, and rectal swabs. Serial viral load was ascertained by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 internal nucleoprotein (NP) and surface spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) were measured using EIA. Whole-genome sequencing was done to identify possible mutations arising during infection. Findings Between Jan 22, 2020, and Feb 12, 2020, 30 patients were screened for inclusion, of whom 23 were included (median age 62 years [range 37–75]). The median viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva or other respiratory specimens at presentation was 5·2 log10 copies per mL (IQR 4·1–7·0). Salivary viral load was highest during the first week after symptom onset and subsequently declined with time (slope −0·15, 95% CI −0·19 to −0·11; R2=0·71). In one patient, viral RNA was detected 25 days after symptom onset. Older age was correlated with higher viral load (Spearman's ρ=0·48, 95% CI 0·074–0·75; p=0·020). For 16 patients with serum samples available 14 days or longer after symptom onset, rates of seropositivity were 94% for anti-NP IgG (n=15), 88% for anti-NP IgM (n=14), 100% for anti-RBD IgG (n=16), and 94% for anti-RBD IgM (n=15). Anti-SARS-CoV-2-NP or anti-SARS-CoV-2-RBD IgG levels correlated with virus neutralisation titre (R2>0·9). No genome mutations were detected on serial samples. Interpretation Posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples are a non-invasive specimen more acceptable to patients and health-care workers. Unlike severe acute respiratory syndrome, patients with COVID-19 had the highest viral load near presentation, which could account for the fast-spreading nature of this epidemic. This finding emphasises the importance of stringent infection control and early use of potent antiviral agents, alone or in combination, for high-risk individuals. Serological assay can complement RT-qPCR for diagnosis. Funding Richard and Carol Yu, May Tam Mak Mei Yin, The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, Michael Tong, Marina Lee, Government Consultancy Service, and Sanming Project of Medicine. | |
| Přístup | 26. 3. 2021 10:30:30 | |
| Publikace | The Lancet Infectious Diseases | |
| Krátký název | Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 20 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 565-574 | |
| ISSN | 1473-3099 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | The Lancet Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NJB6N7VB | |
| Datum přidání | 26. 3. 2021 10:30:30 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:27:07 |
| Autor | Jan Martel | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yun-Fei Ko | |
| Autor | John D. Young | |
| Autor | David M. Ojcius | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The nasal cavity and turbinates play important physiological functions by filtering, warming and humidifying inhaled air. Paranasal sinuses continually produce nitric oxide (NO), a reactive oxygen species that diffuses to the bronchi and lungs to produce bronchodilatory and vasodilatory effects. Studies indicate that NO may also help to reduce respiratory tract infection by inactivating viruses and inhibiting their replication in epithelial cells. In view of the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), clinical trials have been designed to examine the effects of inhaled nitric oxide in COVID-19 subjects. We discuss here additional lifestyle factors such as mouth breathing which may affect the antiviral response against SARS-CoV-2 by bypassing the filtering effect of the nose and by decreasing NO levels in the airways. Simple devices that promote nasal breathing during sleep may help prevent the common cold, suggesting potential benefits against coronavirus infection. In the absence of effective treatments against COVID-19, the alternative strategies proposed here should be considered and studied in more detail. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:39:00 | |
| Publikace | Microbes and Infection | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 22 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 168-171 | |
| ISSN | 1286-4579 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Microbes and Infection | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.002 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QCPMTJMV | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:39:00 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:13:02 |
| Autor | Haijun Zhang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mahboubeh R. Rostami | |
| Autor | Philip L. Leopold | |
| Autor | Jason G. Mezey | |
| Autor | Sarah L. O’Beirne | |
| Autor | Yael Strulovici-Barel | |
| Autor | Ronald G. Crystal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Rationale: Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a predominantly respiratory illness. The first step in SARS-CoV-2 infection is binding of the virus to ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) on the airway epithelium.Objectives: The objective was to gain insight into the expression of ACE2 in the human airway epithelium.Methods: Airway epithelia sampled by fiberoptic bronchoscopy of trachea, large airway epithelia (LAE), and small airway epithelia (SAE) of nonsmokers and smokers were analyzed for expression of ACE2 and other coronavirus infection–related genes using microarray, RNA sequencing, and 10x single-cell transcriptome analysis, with associated examination of ACE2-related microRNA.Measurements and Main Results: 1) ACE2 is expressed similarly in the trachea and LAE, with lower expression in the SAE; 2) in the SAE, ACE2 is expressed in basal, intermediate, club, mucus, and ciliated cells; 3) ACE2 is upregulated in the SAE by smoking, significantly in men; 4) levels of miR-1246 expression could play a role in ACE2 upregulation in the SAE of smokers; and 5) ACE2 is expressed in airway epithelium differentiated in vitro on air–liquid interface cultures from primary airway basal stem/progenitor cells; this can be replicated using LAE and SAE immortalized basal cell lines derived from healthy nonsmokers.Conclusions: ACE2, the gene encoding the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is expressed in the human airway epithelium, with variations in expression relevant to the biology of initial steps in SARS-CoV-2 infection. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 10:02:54 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | |
| Ročník | 202 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 219-229 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Thoracic Society - AJRCCM | |
| ISSN | 1073-449X | |
| Katalog knihovny | atsjournals.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Am J Respir Crit Care Med | |
| DOI | 10.1164/rccm.202003-0541OC | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4M3KPHS2 | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 10:02:54 | |
| Upraveno | 4. 3. 2021 10:03:11 |
| Autor | Marcelo I. Guzman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | tento odkaz se otevře v novém okně Odkaz na externí stránky | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-22 | |
| Abstrakt | The fast spread of COVID-19 constitutes a worldwide challenge to the public health, educational, and trade systems, affecting the overall wellbeing of human societies. The high transmission and mortality rates of this virus, and the unavailability of a vaccine or treatment, resulted in the decision of multiple governments to enact measures of social distancing. Thus, it is of general interest to consider the validity of the proposal for keeping a social distancing of at least 2 m from other persons to avoid the spread of COVID-19. The exposure to the bioaerosol can result in the deposition of the pathogen in the respiratory tract of the host causing disease and an immunological response. In the atmospheric context, the work evaluates the effect of aerodynamic diameter (size) of particles in carrying RNA copies of the novel coronavirus. A SARS-CoV-2 carrier person talking, sneezing, or coughing at distance of 2 m can still provide a pathogenic bioaerosol load with submicron particles that remain viable in air for up to 3 hours for exposure of healthy persons near and far from the source in a stagnant environment. The deposited bioaerosol creates contaminated surfaces, which if touched can act as a path to introduce the pathogen by mouth, nose, or eyes and cause disease. | |
| Přístup | 2. 7. 2020 10:32:24 | |
| Publikace | MDPI AG | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Práva | © 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0093.v2 Place: Basel, Switzerland, Basel Publisher: MDPI AG Section: COMMUNICATION | |
| DOI | 10.20944/preprints202004.0093.v2 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8U3LE6SM | |
| Datum přidání | 2. 7. 2020 10:32:24 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:51:09 |
| Autor | Isabelle Gengler | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | James C. Wang | |
| Autor | Marlene M. Speth | |
| Autor | Ahmad R. Sedaghat | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-04-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (2019 coronavirus disease [COVID-19]), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is highly contagious with high morbidity and mortality. The role of the nasal and paranasal sinus cavities is increasingly recognized for COVID-19 symptomatology and transmission. We therefore conducted a systematic review, synthesizing existing scientific evidence about sinonasal pathophysiology in COVID-19. Study Design Systematic review. Methods Systematic searches were performed of all indexed studies in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane databases through 28 March 2020 and studies searchable on preprints.com (including ArXiv and Scilit repositories) through 30 March 2020. Data extraction focused on sinonasal pathophysiology in COVID-19. Results A total of 19 studies were identified. The sinonasal cavity may be a major site of infection by SARS-CoV-2, where susceptibility genes required for infection are expressed at high levels and may be modulated by environmental and host factors. Viral shedding appears to be highest from the nose, therefore reflecting a major source for transmission. This has been highlighted by multiple reports of health care-associated infection (HAI) during rhinologic procedures, which are now consequently considered to be high risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission to health care workers. While sinonasal symptomatology, such as rhinorrhea or congestion, appears to be a rarer symptom of COVID-19, anosmia without nasal obstruction is reported as highly specific predictor of COVID-19+ patients. Conclusion Sinonasal pathophysiology is increasingly important in our understanding of COVID-19. The sinonasal tract may be an important site of infection while sinonasal viral shedding may be an important transmission mechanism—including HAI. Anosmia without nasal obstruction may be a highly specific indicator of COVID-19. Level of Evidence 2a. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:12:27 | |
| Publikace | Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology | |
| Krátký název | Sinonasal pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 5 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 354-359 | |
| Práva | © 2020 The Authors. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Triological Society. | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lio2.384 | |
| ISSN | 2378-8038 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1002/lio2.384 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/S5WFMXZ7 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:12:27 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:17:06 |
| Autor | Janice M. Leung | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Chen X. Yang | |
| Autor | Anthony Tam | |
| Autor | Tawimas Shaipanich | |
| Autor | Tillie-Louise Hackett | |
| Autor | Gurpreet K. Singhera | |
| Autor | Delbert R. Dorscheid | |
| Autor | Don D. Sin | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-03-23 | |
| Abstrakt | Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus uses the angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE-2) as the cellular entry receptor to infect the lower respiratory tract. Because individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of severe COVID-19, we determined whether ACE-2 expression in the lower airways was related to COPD and cigarette smoking. Methods Using RNA-seq, we determined gene expression levels in bronchial epithelia obtained from cytologic brushings of 6<sup>th</sup> to 8<sup>th</sup> generation airways in individuals with and without COPD. We eternally validated these results from two additional independent cohorts, which used microarray technologies to measure gene expression levels from 6<sup>th</sup> to 12<sup>th</sup> generation airways. Results In the discovery cohort (n=42 participants), we found that ACE-2 expression levels were increased by 48% in the airways of COPD compared with non-COPD subjects (COPD=2.52±0.66 log2 counts per million reads (CPM) versus non-COPD= 1.70±0.51 CPM, p=7.62×10<sup>−4</sup>). There was a significant inverse relationship between ACE-2 gene expression and FEV1% of predicted (r=-0.24; p=0.035). Current smoking also significantly increased ACE-2 expression levels compared with never smokers (never current smokers=2.77±0.91 CPM versus smokers=1.78±0.39 CPM, p=0.024). These findings were replicated in the two eternal cohorts. Conclusions ACE-2 expression in lower airways is increased in patients with COPD and with current smoking. These data suggest that these two subgroups are at increased risk of serious COVID-19 infection and highlight the importance of smoking cessation in reducing the risk. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:12:52 | |
| Publikace | medRxiv | |
| Krátký název | ACE-2 Expression in the Small Airway Epithelia of Smokers and COPD Patients | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2020.03.18.20038455 | |
| Práva | © 2020, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.medrxiv.org | |
| DOI | 10.1101/2020.03.18.20038455 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6NT5MBGQ | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:12:52 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:32:16 |
| Autor | Tsumoru Shintake | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-03-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza are lipophilic, enveloped viruses, and are relatively easy to inactivate by exposure to alcohols. The envelope mainly consists of the lipid bilayer, taken from the host cells at assembly/budding stage of the viral life cycle. Therefore the constitution of the lipid bilayer should be common in all SARS, MERS and influenza viruses, even after mutations, and thus these closely-related viruses will be disinfected by exposure to ethanol with the same concentration. Existing experimental data indicate that an ethanol concentration of 30~40 v/v% is sufficient to inactivate Influenza-A viruses in solution[1,2,3]. The author suggests that it may be possible to use alcoholic beverages of 16~20 v/v% concentration for this disinfection process, such as Whisky (1:1 hot water dilution) or Japanese Sake, because they are readily available and safe (non-toxic). By inhaling the alcohol vapor at 50~60\(^\circ\)C (122~140\(^\circ\)F) through the nose for one or two minutes, it will condense on surfaces inside the respiratory tract; mainly in the nasal cavity. The alcohol concentration will be intensified to ~36 v/v% by this process, which is enough to disinfect the corona virus on the mucous membrane. This method also provides more moisture into respiratory tract, and helps to clean the inside of the nasal cavity by stimulating blowing of the nose, and also makes the mucous escalator work actively so that the self-clearing mechanism in the trachea will remove viruses faster. An alternative prompt method is also discussed. We use 40 v/v% whisky or similar alcohol, dripping on a gauze, inhale the vapor slowly at room temperature. This method works well for the front part of the nasal cavity. This is suitable for clinical workers, because they may need to use prompt preventative measures at any time. | |
| Přístup | 20. 5. 2020 13:15:52 | |
| URL | https://search.proquest.com/docview/2384335819/8BE9229AADAF4D61PQ/1 | |
| Publikace | Cornell University Library, arXiv.org | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Práva | © 2020. This work is published under http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | Place: Ithaca, United States, Ithaca Publisher: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org Section: Physics (Other) | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/MLRZ5C72 | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 5. 2020 13:15:55 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:08:37 |
| Autor | Guoshuai Cai | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Yohan Bossé | |
| Autor | Feifei Xiao | |
| Autor | Farrah Kheradmand | |
| Autor | Christopher I. Amos | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-03-05 | |
| Abstrakt | On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. As of May 28, 2020, laboratories had confirmed 5,701,337 COVID-19 cases, and 357,668 deaths had been reported in 216 countries, areas, or territories (1). COVID-19 is caused by a new type of pathogenic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is phylogenetically similar to SARS-CoV, with approximately 80% identity between the genomes (2). SARS viruses affect the respiratory tract and cause an acute respiratory response through the same cell-entry receptor, ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), which is the only experimentally confirmed SARS-CoV-2 receptor. SARS-CoV-2 infection also uses activation of the spike proteins found on the surface of the virus for cellular entry. The best candidates for priming spike proteins are two host cell enzymes called Furin and TMPRSS2 (2). In the current severe global emergency, to enable effective prevention and care, it is imperative to identify potential risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, which is a substantial risk factor for various important bacterial and viral infections. | |
| Přístup | 4. 3. 2021 9:59:23 | |
| Publikace | American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | |
| Ročník | 201 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 1557-1559 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Thoracic Society - AJRCCM | |
| ISSN | 1073-449X | |
| Katalog knihovny | atsjournals.org (Atypon) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Am J Respir Crit Care Med | |
| DOI | 10.1164/rccm.202003-0693LE | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/44RJS6EV | |
| Datum přidání | 4. 3. 2021 9:59:23 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:51:37 |
| Autor | Jin Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Qiulin Luo | |
| Autor | Rui Chen | |
| Autor | Tao Chen | |
| Autor | Jianxiang Li | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-03-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Background: Cigarette smoking (CS) is a global public health problem and a high-risk factor for various diseases. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (HCoV-19) was identified in Wuhan, China. Because ACE2 has been identified as a receptor for HCoV-19, we hypothesize that CS affects the expression pattern of ACE2 in respiratory tract, causing differences in susceptibility to the virus. Methods: Three datasets (GSE994, GSE17913, and GSE18344), were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Correlation and enrichment analysis were used to evaluate the function of ACE2. Also, the different expression of ACE2 in different groups of three datasets were analyzed. Results: Genes associated with ACE2 were enriched in important biological processes such as viral processes and immune response. Elevated ACE2 were found in intrapulmonary airways (GSE994) and oral epithelial cells (GSE17913) of smokers but not those of non-smokers or former smokers. Significant dose- and time-dependent relationships between CS and ACE2 expression were observed in mouse lung tissues, and long periods without smoking were found to significantly reduce ACE2 expression. Conclusions: Both human and rat data confirmed that CS could induce increased ACE2 in the respiratory tract, indicating that smokers have a higher susceptibility to HCoV-19. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:10:33 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Extra | Publisher: Preprints | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.preprints.org | |
| DOI | 10.20944/preprints202003.0078.v1 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZPKIMFPM | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:10:33 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:27:33 |
| Autor | Lirong Zou | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Feng Ruan | |
| Autor | Mingxing Huang | |
| Autor | Lijun Liang | |
| Autor | Huitao Huang | |
| Autor | Zhongsi Hong | |
| Autor | Jianxiang Yu | |
| Autor | Min Kang | |
| Autor | Yingchao Song | |
| Autor | Jinyu Xia | |
| Autor | Qianfang Guo | |
| Autor | Tie Song | |
| Autor | Jianfeng He | |
| Autor | Hui-Ling Yen | |
| Autor | Malik Peiris | |
| Autor | Jie Wu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-02-19 | |
| Abstrakt | Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine — SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients | |
| Přístup | 26. 3. 2021 10:33:43 | |
| Publikace | New England Journal of Medicine | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 382 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Rozsah | 1177-1179 | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. | |
| Místo v archivu | world | |
| Extra | Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society | |
| ISSN | 1533-4406 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.nejm.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | N Engl J Med | |
| DOI | 10.1056/NEJMc2001737 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/7IQYQ2PK | |
| Datum přidání | 26. 3. 2021 10:33:43 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:27:42 |
| Autor | Manuele Casale | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Vittorio Rinaldi | |
| Autor | Lorenzo Sabatino | |
| Autor | Antonio Moffa | |
| Autor | Massimo Ciccozzi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2020-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Public health measures are essential to protect against COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The nose and the mouth represent entry portals for the COVID 19. Saline Nasal Irrigations (SNIs) can reduce the viral load in the nasal cavities. Oral rinse with antimicrobial agents is efficacious in reducing the viral load in oral fluids. We advocate the inclusion of SNIs and ethanol oral rinses as additional measures to the current public health measures, to prevent and control the transmission of any respiratory infectious disease, including COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:58:06 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 34 | |
| Rozsah | 2058738420941757 | |
| Extra | Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd | |
| ISSN | 2058-7384 | |
| Katalog knihovny | SAGE Journals | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol | |
| DOI | 10.1177/2058738420941757 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RQ77S6L7 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:58:06 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:13:18 |
| Autor | Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Tadashi Okamura | |
| Autor | Yukiko Shimizu | |
| Autor | Hideki Hasegawa | |
| Autor | Makoto Takeda | |
| Autor | Noriyo Nagata | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2019-03-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 activates the spike protein of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In vitro, activation induces virus-cell membrane fusion at the cell surface. However, the roles of TMPRSS2 during coronavirus infection in vivo are unclear. Here, we used animal models of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection to investigate the role of TMPRSS2. Th1-prone C57BL/6 mice and TMPRSS2-knockout (KO) mice were used for SARS-CoV infection, and transgenic mice expressing the human MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 (hDPP4-Tg mice) and TMPRSS2-KO hDPP4-Tg mice were used for MERS-CoV infection. After experimental infection, TMPRSS2-deficient mouse strains showed reduced body weight loss and viral kinetics in the lungs. Lack of TMPRSS2 affected the primary sites of infection and virus spread within the airway, accompanied by less severe immunopathology. However, TMPRSS2-KO mice showed weakened inflammatory chemokine and/or cytokine responses to intranasal stimulation with poly(I·C), a Toll-like receptor 3 agonist. In conclusion, TMPRSS2 plays a crucial role in viral spread within the airway of murine models infected by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and in the resulting immunopathology. IMPORTANCE Broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against highly pathogenic coronaviruses and other emerging viruses are desirable to enable a rapid response to pandemic threats. Transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2), a protease belonging to the type II transmembrane serine protease family, cleaves the coronavirus spike protein, making it a potential therapeutic target for coronavirus infections. Here, we examined the role of TMPRSS2 using animal models of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection. The results suggest that lack of TMPRSS2 in the airways reduces the severity of lung pathology after infection by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Taken together, the results will facilitate development of novel targets for coronavirus therapy. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:14:51 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Virology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 93 | |
| Číslo | 6 | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology.. All Rights Reserved. | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Journals Section: Pathogenesis and Immunity PMID: 30626688 | |
| ISSN | 1098-5514 | |
| Katalog knihovny | jvi.asm.org | |
| DOI | 10.1128/JVI.01815-18 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NW33G2U4 | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:14:51 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:13:38 |
| Autor | Yihuan Yan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Xiangdong Li | |
| Autor | Jiyuan Tu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2019-01-15 | |
| Abstrakt | This study numerically investigated the thermal effect of human body on the time-dependent dispersion of cough droplets with evaporation process. The thermal flow of human body was imitated using a 3D thermal manikin with real body features, while a recent developed multi-component Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was used to address the effects of inhomogeneous temperature and humidity fields on droplet evaporation. By comparing the results yielded without and with the human body heat, the outcomes demonstrated strong impact of human body heat on the droplets mass fraction and local air velocity distributions. Inspirable droplets could potentially drop into respirable droplets by evaporation, although the evaporation rate was not significantly affected by body heat. The thermal effect of human body revealed its vital impacts on the time-dependent droplets dispersion. Due to the buoyancy driven thermal flow, both the vertical velocity and displacement of small droplets (≤20 μm) were completely reversed from descending to ascending, while the deposition time of large droplets (≥50 μm) were significantly delayed. With the reduced droplet size by evaporation and droplets lifted into breathing zone by human thermal effect, the inhalability and infection risks of cough droplets would be much higher in real occupied indoor spaces. | |
| Přístup | 20. 5. 2020 15:33:27 | |
| Publikace | Building and Environment | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 148 | |
| Rozsah | 96-106 | |
| ISSN | 0360-1323 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Building and Environment | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.10.039 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K72Z3DMK | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 5. 2020 15:33:27 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:51:47 |
| Autor | Aaron J. Prussin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | David Otto Schwake | |
| Autor | Kaisen Lin | |
| Autor | Daniel L. Gallagher | |
| Autor | Lauren Buttling | |
| Autor | Linsey C. Marr | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2018-06-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Infectious diseases caused by enveloped viruses, such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), cause thousands of deaths and billions of dollars of economic losses per year. Studies have found a relationship among temperature, humidity, and influenza virus incidence, transmission, or survival; however, there are contradictory claims about whether absolute humidity (AH) or relative humidity (RH) is most important in mediating virus infectivity. Using the enveloped bacteriophage Phi6, which has been suggested as a surrogate for influenza viruses and coronaviruses, we designed a study to discern whether AH, RH, or temperature is a better predictor of virus survival in droplets. Our results show that Phi6 survived best at high (>85%) and low (<60%) RHs, with a significant decrease in infectivity at mid-range RHs (∼60 to 85%). At an AH of less than 22 g · m−3, the loss in infectivity was less than 2 orders of magnitude; however, when the AH was greater than 22 g · m−3, the loss in infectivity was typically greater than 6 orders of magnitude. At a fixed RH of 75%, infectivity was very sensitive to temperature, decreasing two orders of magnitude between 19°C and 25°C. We used random forest modeling to identify the best environmental predictors for modulating virus infectivity. The model explained 83% of variation in Phi6 infectivity and suggested that RH is the most important factor in controlling virus infectivity in droplets. This research provides novel information about the complex interplay between temperature, humidity, and the survival of viruses in droplets. IMPORTANCE Enveloped viruses are responsible for a number of infectious diseases resulting in thousands of deaths and billions of dollars of economic losses per year in the United States. There has been a lively debate in the literature over whether absolute humidity (AH) or relative humidity (RH) modulates virus infectivity. We designed a controlled study and used advanced statistical modeling techniques specifically to address this question. By providing an improved understanding of the relationship between environmental conditions and virus infectivity, our work will ultimately lead to improved strategies for predicting and controlling disease transmission. | |
| Přístup | 21. 5. 2020 10:52:53 | |
| Publikace | Applied and Environmental Microbiology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 84 | |
| Číslo | 12 | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2018 Prussin et al.. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Section: Public and Environmental Health Microbiology PMID: 29625986 | |
| ISSN | 1098-5336 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aem.asm.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Appl. Environ. Microbiol. | |
| DOI | 10.1128/AEM.00551-18 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QHKFMID4 | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 5. 2020 10:52:53 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:51:55 |
| Autor | Aleksandr N. Ishmatov | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2017-08-09 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective: In this study the main aspects of influenza transmission via fine and ultrafine bioaerosols were considered. Here, we aimed to estimate the impact of the different environment conditions on the deposition rate of the infectious bioaerosols in the respiratory tract. Background: The latest researches show the infected people generate the fine and ultrafine infectious bioaerosols with submicron particles/droplets (size below 1 µm). The airborne transmission of these particles/droplets in the environment is effective. It is considered the deposition of submicron particles in the respiratory tract (RT) has very low probability. But most studies examined the aerosol deposition in RT under normal environmental conditions and did not paid attention to the affecting the different environmental factors. Methods: We review the problems of epidemiology of respiratory infections and aspects of airborne transmission/spread of infectious agents. We contrast these approaches with known data from next areas: inhalation toxicology, respiratory drug delivery and physics of heat and mass transfer in the airways. Results: Based on the conducted analysis, we propose the next main concepts: 1 Breathing cool air leads to the supersaturation of air in RT; 2 the air supersaturation leads to the intensive condensational growth(CG) of inhaled viruses or bacteria in RT; 3 CG leads to the intensive and dramatically growth of deposition rate of viruses or bacteria in RT. We have shown: a) Under normal conditions of inhaled air (T>20˚C; Relatively Humidity, RH=60%) there is no transition in supersaturated condition in RT and CG is insignificant and probability of virus deposition on epithelium of RT is low – no more than 20%. b) Breathing cool/cold air of T<+15˚C and RH of [30..60]% leads to the supersaturation in the airways and it can dramatically increase the deposition rate of inhaled bioaerosols in RT(up to 96%). c) With an increase in RH of inhaled air the supersaturation in RT occurs even at warm temperature of inhaled air (for inhaled air of T<20°C and RH>70% ; T<25°C and RH>90%). Which also indicates the deposition rate of bioaerosols in RT under these conditions is high. Conclusion: Under specific environmental conditions (when flu seasons) the processes of supersaturation in the RT can be observed. These results indicate the high probability of virus deposition on epithelium of RT and correspond to influenza and seasonal respiratory infections in temperate and tropical climates. We believe the effect of supersaturation in the airways can be the key to understanding of ‘the age-old epidemiologic mystery of influenza seasonality in the different climatic conditions’. | |
| Přístup | 20. 5. 2020 13:41:07 | |
| Publikace | PeerJ PrePrints; San Diego | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Práva | © 2017 Ishmatov. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Preprints) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | Place: San Diego, United States, San Diego Publisher: PeerJ, Inc. | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.7287/peerj.preprints.2237v5 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/FEK5QHX7 | |
| Datum přidání | 20. 5. 2020 13:41:07 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:52:01 |
| Autor | David K. Meyerholz | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Allyn M. Lambertz | |
| Autor | Paul B. McCray | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2016-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, CD26), a type II transmembrane ectopeptidase, is the receptor for the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS emerged in 2012 and has a high mortality associated with severe lung disease. A lack of autopsy studies from MERS fatalities has hindered understanding of MERS-CoV pathogenesis. We investigated the spatial and cellular localization of DPP4 to evaluate an association MERS clinical disease. DPP4 was rarely detected in the surface epithelium from nasal cavity to conducting airways with a slightly increased incidence in distal airways. DPP4 was also found in a subset of mononuclear leukocytes and in serous cells of submucosal glands. In the parenchyma, DPP4 was found principally in type I and II cells and alveolar macrophages and was also detected in vascular endothelium (eg, lymphatics) and pleural mesothelia. Patients with chronic lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis, exhibited increased DPP4 immunostaining in alveolar epithelia (type I and II cells) and alveolar macrophages with similar trends in reactive mesothelia. This finding suggests that preexisting pulmonary disease could increase MERS-CoV receptor abundance and predispose individuals to MERS morbidity and mortality, which is consistent with current clinical observations. We speculate that the preferential spatial localization of DPP4 in alveolar regions may explain why MERS is characterized by lower respiratory tract disease. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:58:42 | |
| Publikace | The American Journal of Pathology | |
| Krátký název | Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Distribution in the Human Respiratory Tract | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 186 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 78-86 | |
| ISSN | 0002-9440 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | The American Journal of Pathology | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.09.014 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RRY2RP7I | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:58:42 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:13:56 |
| Autor | Ziad A. Memish | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Abdullah M. Assiri | |
| Autor | Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2014-12-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Background Since the first description of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), it has not been known how long patients shed the virus in respiratory secretions. Thus, we analyzed the available data on time to negative MERS-CoV test in patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection and asymptomatic positive contacts. Methods Data from repeated laboratory testing of respiratory samples received at the Saudi Arabian virology reference laboratory in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from September 1, 2012 to September 31, 2013 were recorded. A real-time RT-PCR test for MERS-CoV was used. Data were analyzed by origin of sample, sample type, and MERS-CoV PCR test results. Results Twenty-six individuals (13 patients and 13 contacts) had repeated testing done until a negative test was obtained. Most samples from MERS-CoV cases were tracheal aspirate/sputum (p=0.0006) and most samples from contacts were nose and throat swabs (p=0.0002). Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed that contacts cleared the virus at a much earlier time than patients. On day 12, 30% of contacts and 76% of cases were still positive for MERS-CoV by PCR. Conclusions Contacts cleared MERS-CoV earlier than ill patients. This finding could be related to the types of sample as well as the types of patient studied. More ill patients with significant comorbidities shed the virus for a significantly longer time. The results of this study could have critical implications for infection control guidance and its application in healthcare facilities handling positive cases. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:48:36 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| Krátký název | Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral shedding in the respiratory tract | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 29 | |
| Rozsah | 307-308 | |
| ISSN | 1201-9712 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.10.002 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QSAL9DCF | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:48:36 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:14:22 |
| Autor | Xinjian He | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Tiina Reponen | |
| Autor | Roy McKay | |
| Autor | Sergey A. Grinshpun | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2014-03-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Breathing frequency (breaths/min) differs among individuals and levels of physical activity. Particles enter respirators through two principle penetration pathways: faceseal leakage and filter penetration. However, it is unknown how breathing frequency affects the overall performance of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and surgical masks (SMs) against viral particles, as well as other health-relevant submicrometer particles. A FFR and SM were tested on a breathing manikin at four mean inspiratory flows (MIFs) (15, 30, 55, and 85 L/min) and five breathing frequencies (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 breaths/min). Filter penetration (Pfilter) and total inward leakage (TIL) were determined for the tested respiratory protection devices against sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol particles in the size range of 20 to 500 nm. “Faceseal leakage-to-filter” (FLTF) penetration ratios were calculated. Both MIF and breathing frequency showed significant effects (p < 0.05) on Pfilter and TIL. Increasing breathing frequency increased TIL for the N95 FFR whereas no clear trends were observed for the SM. Increasing MIF increased Pfilter and decreased TIL resulting in decreasing FLTF ratio. Most of FLTF ratios were >1, suggesting that the faceseal leakage was the primary particle penetration pathway at various breathing frequencies. Breathing frequency is another factor (besides MIF) that can significantly affect the performance of N95 FFRs, with higher breathing frequencies increasing TIL. No consistent trend of increase or decrease of TIL with either MIF or breathing frequency was observed for the tested SM. To potentially extend these findings beyond the manikin/breathing system used, future studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism causing the breathing frequency effect on the performance of respiratory protection devices on human subjects. | |
| Přístup | 21. 5. 2020 7:18:40 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | 178-185 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2013.848037 PMID: 24521067 | |
| ISSN | 1545-9624 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Taylor and Francis+NEJM | |
| DOI | 10.1080/15459624.2013.848037 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LU6X2WPP | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 5. 2020 7:18:40 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:52:05 |
| Autor | Emmie de Wit | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Angela L. Rasmussen | |
| Autor | Darryl Falzarano | |
| Autor | Trenton Bushmaker | |
| Autor | Friederike Feldmann | |
| Autor | Douglas L. Brining | |
| Autor | Elizabeth R. Fischer | |
| Autor | Cynthia Martellaro | |
| Autor | Atsushi Okumura | |
| Autor | Jean Chang | |
| Autor | Dana Scott | |
| Autor | Arndt G. Benecke | |
| Autor | Michael G. Katze | |
| Autor | Heinz Feldmann | |
| Autor | Vincent J. Munster | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2013-10-08 | |
| Abstrakt | In 2012, a novel betacoronavirus, designated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus or MERS-CoV and associated with severe respiratory disease in humans, emerged in the Arabian Peninsula. To date, 108 human cases have been reported, including cases of human-to-human transmission. The availability of an animal disease model is essential for understanding pathogenesis and developing effective countermeasures. Upon a combination of intratracheal, ocular, oral, and intranasal inoculation with 7 × 106 50% tissue culture infectious dose of the MERS-CoV isolate HCoV-EMC/2012, rhesus macaques developed a transient lower respiratory tract infection. Clinical signs, virus shedding, virus replication in respiratory tissues, gene expression, and cytokine and chemokine profiles peaked early in infection and decreased over time. MERS-CoV caused a multifocal, mild to marked interstitial pneumonia, with virus replication occurring mainly in alveolar pneumocytes. This tropism of MERS-CoV for the lower respiratory tract may explain the severity of the disease observed in humans and the, up to now, limited human-to-human transmission. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:25:14 | |
| Publikace | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 110 | |
| Číslo | 41 | |
| Rozsah | 16598-16603 | |
| Extra | Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Section: Biological Sciences PMID: 24062443 | |
| ISSN | 1091-6490 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.pnas.org | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | PNAS | |
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1310744110 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/AF2U95RL | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:25:14 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:14:37 |
| Autor | Ronald Dijkman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Maarten F. Jebbink | |
| Autor | Sylvie M. Koekkoek | |
| Autor | Martin Deijs | |
| Autor | Hulda R. Jónsdóttir | |
| Autor | Richard Molenkamp | |
| Autor | Margareta Ieven | |
| Autor | Herman Goossens | |
| Autor | Volker Thiel | |
| Autor | Lia van der Hoek | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2013-06-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The human airway epithelium (HAE) represents the entry port of many human respiratory viruses, including human coronaviruses (HCoVs). Nowadays, four HCoVs, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-NL63, are known to be circulating worldwide, causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections in nonhospitalized and hospitalized children. Studies of the fundamental aspects of these HCoV infections at the primary entry port, such as cell tropism, are seriously hampered by the lack of a universal culture system or suitable animal models. To expand the knowledge on fundamental virus-host interactions for all four HCoVs at the site of primary infection, we used pseudostratified HAE cell cultures to isolate and characterize representative clinical HCoV strains directly from nasopharyngeal material. Ten contemporary isolates were obtained, representing HCoV-229E (n = 1), HCoV-NL63 (n = 1), HCoV-HKU1 (n = 4), and HCoV-OC43 (n = 4). For each strain, we analyzed the replication kinetics and progeny virus release on HAE cell cultures derived from different donors. Surprisingly, by visualizing HCoV infection by confocal microscopy, we observed that HCoV-229E employs a target cell tropism for nonciliated cells, whereas HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-NL63 all infect ciliated cells. Collectively, the data demonstrate that HAE cell cultures, which morphologically and functionally resemble human airways in vivo, represent a robust universal culture system for isolating and comparing all contemporary HCoV strains. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:45:57 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Virology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 87 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Rozsah | 6081-6090 | |
| Práva | Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Journals Section: Virus-Cell Interactions PMID: 23427150 | |
| ISSN | 1098-5514 | |
| Katalog knihovny | jvi.asm.org | |
| DOI | 10.1128/JVI.03368-12 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N3RK2JJH | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:45:57 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:15:14 |
| Autor | C. Y. H. Chao | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | M. P. Wan | |
| Autor | L. Morawska | |
| Autor | G. R. Johnson | |
| Autor | Z. D. Ristovski | |
| Autor | M. Hargreaves | |
| Autor | K. Mengersen | |
| Autor | S. Corbett | |
| Autor | Y. Li | |
| Autor | X. Xie | |
| Autor | D. Katoshevski | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2009-02-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Size distributions of expiratory droplets expelled during coughing and speaking and the velocities of the expiration air jets of healthy volunteers were measured. Droplet size was measured using the interferometric Mie imaging (IMI) technique while the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used for measuring air velocity. These techniques allowed measurements in close proximity to the mouth and avoided air sampling losses. The average expiration air velocity was 11.7m/s for coughing and 3.9m/s for speaking. Under the experimental setting, evaporation and condensation effects had negligible impact on the measured droplet size. The geometric mean diameter of droplets from coughing was 13.5μm and it was 16.0μm for speaking (counting 1–100). The estimated total number of droplets expelled ranged from 947 to 2085 per cough and 112–6720 for speaking. The estimated droplet concentrations for coughing ranged from 2.4 to 5.2cm−3 per cough and 0.004–0.223cm−3 for speaking. | |
| Přístup | 21. 5. 2020 13:01:45 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Aerosol Science | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 40 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 122-133 | |
| ISSN | 0021-8502 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Aerosol Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.10.003 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DPIC6QQN | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 5. 2020 13:01:45 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:52:11 |
| Autor | Seung Won Kim | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | M. A. Ramakrishnan | |
| Autor | Peter C. Raynor | |
| Autor | Sagar M. Goyal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2007-12-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Suspensions of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a porcine coronavirus, were nebulized at rates of 0.1–0.2 ml/min into moving air using a Collison nebulizer or a plastic medical nebulizer operating at pressures ranging from 7 to 15 psi. The airborne viruses were collected on heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) filters in an experimental apparatus and also sampled upstream of these test filters using AGI-30 and BioSampler impinger samplers. To study the effects of relative humidity (RH) on TGEV collection by the filters and samplers, the virus was nebulized into air at 30, 50, 70, and 90% RH. There were no significant changes in virus titer in the nebulizer suspension before and after nebulization for either nebulizer at any of the pressures utilized. Aerosolization efficiency – the ratio of viable virus sampled with impingers to the quantity of viable virus nebulized – decreased with increasing humidity. BioSamplers detected more airborne virus than AGI-30 samplers at all RH levels. This difference was statistically significant at 30 and 50% RH. Nebulizer type and pressure did not significantly affect the viability of the airborne virus. Virus recovery from test filters relative to the concentration of virus in the nebulizer suspension was less than 10%. The most and the least virus were recovered from filter media at 30% and 90% RH, respectively. The results suggest that TGEV, and perhaps other coronaviruses, remain viable longer in an airborne state and are sampled more effectively at low RH than at high humidity. | |
| Přístup | 21. 5. 2020 6:55:38 | |
| Publikace | Aerobiologia | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 23 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | 239-248 | |
| ISSN | 1573-3025 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Aerobiologia | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10453-007-9068-9 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/I22SFNM8 | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 5. 2020 6:55:38 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:52:16 |
| Autor | Amy C. Sims | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ralph S. Baric | |
| Autor | Boyd Yount | |
| Autor | Susan E. Burkett | |
| Autor | Peter L. Collins | |
| Autor | Raymond J. Pickles | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2005-12-15 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 as an important cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans, and in vitro models of the lung are needed to elucidate cellular targets and the consequences of viral infection. The SARS-CoV receptor, human angiotensin 1-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), was detected in ciliated airway epithelial cells of human airway tissues derived from nasal or tracheobronchial regions, suggesting that SARS-CoV may infect the proximal airways. To assess infectivity in an in vitro model of human ciliated airway epithelia (HAE) derived from nasal and tracheobronchial airway regions, we generated recombinant SARS-CoV by deletion of open reading frame 7a/7b (ORF7a/7b) and insertion of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), resulting in SARS-CoV GFP. SARS-CoV GFP replicated to titers similar to those of wild-type viruses in cell lines. SARS-CoV specifically infected HAE via the apical surface and replicated to titers of 10 7 PFU/ml by 48 h postinfection. Polyclonal antisera directed against hACE2 blocked virus infection and replication, suggesting that hACE2 is the primary receptor for SARS-CoV infection of HAE. SARS-CoV structural proteins and virions localized to ciliated epithelial cells. Infection was highly cytolytic, as infected ciliated cells were necrotic and shed over time onto the luminal surface of the epithelium. SARS-CoV GFP also replicated to a lesser extent in ciliated cell cultures derived from hamster or rhesus monkey airways. Efficient SARS-CoV infection of ciliated cells in HAE provides a useful in vitro model of human lung origin to study characteristics of SARS-CoV replication and pathogenesis. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 12:36:30 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Virology | |
| Krátký název | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection of Human Ciliated Airway Epithelia | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 79 | |
| Číslo | 24 | |
| Rozsah | 15511-15524 | |
| ISSN | 1098-5514 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | JVI | |
| DOI | 10.1128/JVI.79.24.15511-15524.2005 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/3B7ZPGWE | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 12:36:30 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 16:22:38 |
| Autor | Josephine McAuliffe | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Leatrice Vogel | |
| Autor | Anjeanette Roberts | |
| Autor | Gary Fahle | |
| Autor | Steven Fischer | |
| Autor | Wun-Ju Shieh | |
| Autor | Emily Butler | |
| Autor | Sherif Zaki | |
| Autor | Marisa St. Claire | |
| Autor | Brian Murphy | |
| Autor | Kanta Subbarao | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2004-12-05 | |
| Abstrakt | SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) administered intranasally and intratracheally to rhesus, cynomolgus and African Green monkeys (AGM) replicated in the respiratory tract but did not induce illness. The titer of serum neutralizing antibodies correlated with the level of virus replication in the respiratory tract (AGM>cynomolgus>rhesus). Moderate to high titers of SARS-CoV with associated interstitial pneumonitis were detected in the lungs of AGMs on day 2 and were resolving by day 4 post-infection. Following challenge of AGMs 2 months later, virus replication was highly restricted and there was no evidence of enhanced disease. These species will be useful for the evaluation of the immunogenicity of candidate vaccines, but the lack of apparent clinical illness in all three species, variability from animal to animal in level of viral replication, and rapid clearance of virus and pneumonitis in AGMs must be taken into account by investigators considering the use of these species in efficacy and challenge studies. | |
| Přístup | 12. 4. 2021 13:06:27 | |
| Publikace | Virology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 330 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 8-15 | |
| ISSN | 0042-6822 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Virology | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.virol.2004.09.030 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8IN6DH8B | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:06:27 | |
| Upraveno | 13. 4. 2021 16:15:30 |
| Autor | Rao S. Papineni | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Frank S. Rosenthal | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 1997-01-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Droplets carried in exhaled breath may carry microorganisms capable of transmitting disease over both short and long distances. The size distribution of such droplets will influence the type of organisms that may be carried as well as strategies for controlling airborne infection. The aim of this study was to characterize the size distribution of droplets exhaled by healthy individuals. Exhaled droplets from human subjects performing four respiratory actions (mouth breathing, nose breathing, coughing, talking) were measured by both an optical particle counter (OPC) and an analytical transmission electron microscope (AEM). The OPC indicated a preponderance of particles less than 1 μ, although larger particles were also found. Measurements with the AEM confirmed the existence of larger sized droplets in the exhaled breath. In general, coughing produced the largest droplet concentrations and nose breathing the least, although considerable intersubject variability was observed. | |
| Přístup | 21. 5. 2020 10:36:22 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Aerosol Medicine | |
| Ročník | 10 | |
| Číslo | 2 | |
| Rozsah | 105-116 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers | |
| ISSN | 0894-2684 | |
| Katalog knihovny | liebertpub.com (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1089/jam.1997.10.105 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/CJQ243LC | |
| Datum přidání | 21. 5. 2020 10:36:22 | |
| Upraveno | 5. 3. 2021 10:52:25 |