| Autor | Carol George | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Gerhard Scheuch | |
| Autor | Ulf Seifart | |
| Autor | Leeberk Inbaraj | |
| Autor | Sindhulina Chandrasingh | |
| Autor | Indu Nair | |
| Autor | Anthony Hickey | |
| Autor | Mike Barer | |
| Autor | Eve Fletcher | |
| Autor | Rachel Field | |
| Autor | Jonathan Salzman | |
| Autor | Nathan Moelis | |
| Autor | Dennis Ausiello | |
| Autor | David Edwards | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-12-16 | |
| Abstrakt | Dirty air and poor access to healthcare threatens the lives of billions of people in low-income regions of the world. We investigated whether upper-airway hydration might alter two-phase flow in the airways on normal tidal breathing and be a useful, safe, easily distributed non-drug intervention for limiting risks of COVID-19. In observational human volunteer studies involving 464 human subjects in Marburg, Germany (357 normal subjects), Boston, US (20 healthy subjects), and Bangalore, India (87 subjects recently tested positive for COVID-19), we find that respiratory droplet generation increases by up to 4 orders of magnitude with up to 1% total body mass dehydration (n=20), and in dehydration-associated states of advanced age (n=357), elevated BMI-age (n=148), and SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=87). Hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea in a protocol of exercise-induced dehydration by the nasal inhalation of calcium-rich hypertonic salt droplets of mean diameter 8-12 μm diminished respiratory droplet numbers and increased oxygenation relative to a non-treatment control (P | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 12:50:02 | |
| URL | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1089497/v1 | |
| Extra | DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1089497/v1 ISSN: 2693-5015 Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | Research Square | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N8G5RLS5 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 12:50:02 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:59:15 |
| Autor | Arghyanir Giri | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Neelakash Biswas | |
| Autor | Danielle L. Chase | |
| Autor | Nan Xue | |
| Autor | Manouk Abkarian | |
| Autor | Simon Mendez | |
| Autor | Sandeep Saha | |
| Autor | Howard A. Stone | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-16 | |
| Abstrakt | Air exchange between people has emerged in the COVID-19 pandemic as the important vector for transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We study the airflow and exchange between two unmasked individuals conversing face-to-face at short range, which can potentially transfer a high dose of a pathogen, because the dilution is small when compared to long-range airborne transmission. We conduct flow visualization experiments and direct numerical simulations of colliding respiratory jets mimicking the initial phase of a conversation. The evolution and dynamics of the jets are affected by the vertical offset between the mouths of the speakers. At low offsets the head-on collision of jets results in a `blocking effect', temporarily shielding the susceptible speaker from the pathogen carrying jet, although, the lateral spread of the jets is enhanced. Sufficiently large offsets prevent the interaction of the jets. At intermediate offsets (8-10 cm for 1 m separation), jet entrainment and the inhaled breath assist the transport of the pathogen-loaded saliva droplets towards the susceptible speaker's mouth. Air exchange is expected, in spite of the blocking effect arising from the interaction of the respiratory jets from the two speakers. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 12:57:24 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Fluid Mechanics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 930 | |
| Extra | Publisher: Cambridge University Press | |
| ISSN | 1469-7645 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Cambridge University Press | |
| DOI | 10.1017/jfm.2021.915 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/WCQI8YI7 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 12:57:24 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:58:41 |
| Autor | Mouhammad El Hassan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hassan Assoum | |
| Autor | Nikolay Bukharin | |
| Autor | Huda Al Otaibi | |
| Autor | Md Mofijur | |
| Autor | Anas Sakout | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-12-10 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 pandemic has recently had a dramatic impact on society. The understanding of the disease transmission is of high importance to limit its spread between humans. The spread of the virus in air strongly depends on the flow dynamics of the human airflows. It is, however, known that predicting the flow dynamics of the human airflows can be challenging due to different particles sizes and the turbulent aspect of the flow regime. It is thus recommended to present a deep analysis of different human airflows based on the existing experimental investigations. A validation of the existing numerical predictions of such flows would be of high interest to further develop the existing numerical model for different flow configurations. This paper presents a literature review of the experimental and numerical studies on human airflows, including sneezing, coughing and breathing. The dynamics of these airflows for different droplet sizes is discussed. The influence of other parameters, such as the viscosity and relative humidity, on the germs transmission is also presented. Finally, the efficacy of using a facemask in limiting the transmission of COVID-19 is investigated. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 14:10:46 | |
| Publikace | The European Physical Journal Plus | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 137 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 1 | |
| ISSN | 2190-5444 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Eur. Phys. J. Plus | |
| DOI | 10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02162-9 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/V5V2BIZH | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 14:10:46 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 14:10:52 |
| Autor | Alessio Buonavoglia | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Michele Camero | |
| Autor | Gianvito Lanave | |
| Autor | Cristiana Catella | |
| Autor | Claudia Maria Trombetta | |
| Autor | Maria Giovanna Gandolfi | |
| Autor | Gerardo Palazzo | |
| Autor | Vito Martella | |
| Autor | Carlo Prati | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-05 | |
| Abstrakt | Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can occur through saliva and aerosol droplets deriving from the upper aerodigestive tract during coughing, sneezing, talking, and even during oral inspection or dental procedures. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro virucidal activity of commercial and experimental mouthwashes against a feline coronavirus (FCoV) strain. Commercial and experimental (commercial-based products with addition of either sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or thymus vulgaris essential oil (TEO) at different concentrations) mouthwashes were placed in contact with FCoV for different time intervals, that is, 30 s (T30), 60 s (T60), and 180 s (T180); subsequently, the virus was titrated on Crandell Reese Feline Kidney cells. An SDS-based commercial mouthwash reduced the viral load by 5 log10 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID)50/50 µl at T30 while a cetylpyridinium (CPC)-based commercial mouthwash was able to reduce the viral titer of 4.75 log10 at T60. Furthermore, five experimental mouthwashes supplemented with SDS reduced the viral titer by 4.75–5 log10 according to a dose- (up to 4 mM) and time-dependent fashion. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 11:21:04 | |
| Publikace | Oral Diseases | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Extra | _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/odi.14067 | |
| ISSN | 1601-0825 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Wiley Online Library | |
| DOI | 10.1111/odi.14067 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/XTGV2EHS | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 11:21:04 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 16:38:45 |
| Autor | Pengcheng Du | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Chuan Song | |
| Autor | Rui Li | |
| Autor | Yangzi Song | |
| Autor | Jiarui Li | |
| Autor | Nan Ding | |
| Autor | Ju Zhang | |
| Autor | Rui Song | |
| Autor | Junyan Han | |
| Autor | Guiju Gao | |
| Autor | Jinglin Yue | |
| Autor | Ang Duan | |
| Autor | Yanyi Huang | |
| Autor | Jing An | |
| Autor | Jianbin Wang | |
| Autor | Fujie Zhang | |
| Autor | Chen Chen | |
| Autor | Hui Zeng | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Intrahost analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic sequences identified 2 viral haplotypes comprised of 3 genetically linked mutations from the respiratory and intestinal tracts of a patient with coronavirus disease 2019. Spatiotemporal data suggest that this patient initially had dual infection of 2 SARS-CoV-2 variants, which subsequently redistributed into the 2 systems. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 12:39:41 | |
| Publikace | Clinical Infectious Diseases | |
| Ročník | 73 | |
| Číslo | 9 | |
| Rozsah | e2814-e2817 | |
| ISSN | 1058-4838 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Clinical Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1093/cid/ciaa1617 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QVPRQ82A | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 12:39:41 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:59:53 |
| Autor | Laura Heireman | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Steven Abrams | |
| Autor | Peggy Bruynseels | |
| Autor | Reinoud Cartuyvels | |
| Autor | Lize Cuypers | |
| Autor | Pieter De Schouwer | |
| Autor | Wim Laffut | |
| Autor | Katrien Lagrou | |
| Autor | Niel Hens | |
| Autor | Erwin Ho | |
| Autor | Elizaveta Padalko | |
| Autor | Marijke Reynders | |
| Autor | Sarah Vandamme | |
| Autor | Nathalie Van der Moeren | |
| Autor | Walter Verstrepen | |
| Autor | Philippe Willems | |
| Autor | Reinout Naesens | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-11 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction The incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the Belgian community is mainly estimated based on test results of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-like symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity ratio and distribution of viral loads within a cohort of asymptomatic patients screened prior hospitalization or surgery, stratified by age category. Materials/Methods We retrospectively studied data on SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR detection in respiratory tract samples of asymptomatic patients screened pre-hospitalization or pre-surgery in nine Belgian hospitals located in Flanders over a 12-month period (1 April 2020–31 March 2021). Results In total, 255925 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results and 2421 positive results for which a viral load was reported, were included in this study. An unweighted overall SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR positivity ratio of 1.27% was observed with strong spatiotemporal differences. SARS-CoV-2 circulated predominantly in 80+ year old individuals across all time periods except between the first and second COVID-19 wave and in 20–30 year old individuals before the second COVID-19 wave. In contrast to the first wave, a significantly higher positivity ratio was observed for the 20–40 age group in addition to the 80+ age group compared to the other age groups during the second wave. The median viral load follows a similar temporal evolution as the positivity rate with an increase ahead of the second wave and highest viral loads observed for 80+ year old individuals. Conclusion There was a high SARS-CoV-2 circulation among asymptomatic patients with a predominance and highest viral loads observed in the elderly. Moreover, ahead of the second COVID-19 wave an increase in median viral load was noted with the highest overall positivity ratio observed in 20–30 year old individuals, indicating they could have been the hidden drivers of this wave. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 10:29:39 | |
| Publikace | PLoS One | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 16 | |
| Číslo | 11 | |
| Práva | © 2021 Heireman et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. | |
| Extra | Publisher: Public Library of Science Section: Research Article | |
| Katalog knihovny | ProQuest | |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0259908 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/89QHQ675 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:29:39 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 11:30:09 |
| Autor | Krzysztof Pyrć | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Aleksandra Milewska | |
| Autor | Emilia Barreto Duran | |
| Autor | Paweł Botwina | |
| Autor | Agnieszka Dabrowska | |
| Autor | Malwina Jedrysik | |
| Autor | Malgorzata Benedyk | |
| Autor | Rui Lopes | |
| Autor | Alejandro Arenas-Pinto | |
| Autor | Moutaz Badr | |
| Autor | Ryan Mellor | |
| Autor | Tammy L. Kalber | |
| Autor | Delmiro Fernandez-Reyes | |
| Autor | Andreas G. Schätzlein | |
| Autor | Ijeoma F. Uchegbu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-08 | |
| Abstrakt | There are currently no cures for coronavirus infections, making the prevention of infections the only course open at the present time. The COVID-19 pandemic has been difficult to prevent, as the infection is spread by respiratory droplets and thus effective, scalable and safe preventive interventions are urgently needed. We hypothesise that preventing viral entry into mammalian nasal epithelial cells may be one way to limit the spread of COVID-19. Here we show that N-palmitoyl-N-monomethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-6-O-glycolchitosan (GCPQ), a positively charged polymer that has been through an extensive Good Laboratory Practice toxicology screen, is able to reduce the infectivity of SARS-COV-2 in A549ACE2+ and Vero E6 cells with a log removal value of − 3 to − 4 at a concentration of 10–100 μg/ mL (p < 0.05 compared to untreated controls) and to limit infectivity in human airway epithelial cells at a concentration of 500 μg/ mL (p < 0.05 compared to untreated controls). In vivo studies using transgenic mice expressing the ACE-2 receptor, dosed nasally with SARS-COV-2 (426,000 TCID50/mL) showed a trend for nasal GCPQ (20 mg/kg) to inhibit viral load in the respiratory tract and brain, although the study was not powered to detect statistical significance. GCPQ’s electrostatic binding to the virus, preventing viral entry into the host cells, is the most likely mechanism of viral inhibition. Radiolabelled GCPQ studies in mice show that at a dose of 10 mg/kg, GCPQ has a long residence time in mouse nares, with 13.1% of the injected dose identified from SPECT/CT in the nares, 24 h after nasal dosing. With a no observed adverse effect level of 18 mg/kg in rats, following a 28-day repeat dose study, clinical testing of this polymer, as a COVID-19 prophylactic is warranted. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 10:40:56 | |
| Publikace | Scientific Reports | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 11 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 20012 | |
| Práva | 2021 The Author(s) | |
| Extra | Bandiera_abtest: a Cc_license_type: cc_by Cg_type: Nature Research Journals Number: 1 Primary_atype: Research Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Subject_term: Biomedical materials;Viral infection Subject_term_id: biomedical-materials;viral-infection | |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.nature.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Sci Rep | |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-021-99404-8 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NLPHA565 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:40:56 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 11:29:21 |
| Autor | Yashpal Rana | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Pudhiavan Arunachalam | |
| Autor | Onkar Auti | |
| Autor | Vimal Raj | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-06 | |
| Abstrakt | Patients with known comorbidities are shown to have poor outcomes with COVID-19.[7] [9] One would imagine that patients who have lung damage secondary to prior infections, such as tuberculosis (TB) or emphysema, may have worse lung involvement with COVID-19 and take a longer time for recovery. Over the last few months, we have found evidence that contradicts the above supposition. In various imaging discussions on COVID-19, interesting multicentric observations are drawn which depict that the lung parenchyma which is previously affected by lung pathologies, such as TB, cystic bronchiectasis/fibrosis, emphysema, and others, show relative sparing or lesser degree of involvement of COVID-19. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2021 15:55:52 | |
| Publikace | Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging | |
| Krátký název | Are Damaged Lungs Protected from COVID-19? | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Práva | Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India | |
| Extra | Publisher: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. | |
| ISSN | 1998-3808 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.thieme-connect.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Indian J Radiol Imaging | |
| DOI | 10.1055/s-0041-1735917 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/Z6VHRFDN | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 15:55:52 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:09:18 |
| Autor | Xiaorui Deng | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Guangcai Gong | |
| Autor | Xizhi He | |
| Autor | Xing Shi | |
| Autor | Lan Mo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the importance of understanding and controlling the spread of the coronavirus between persons. We experimentally and numerically investigated an advanced engineering and environmental method on controlling the transmission of airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols in the breathing microenvironment between two persons during interactive breathing process by combining the limited space air stability and a ventilation method. Experiments were carried out in a full-scale ventilated room with different limited space air stability conditions, i.e., stable condition, neutral condition and unstable condition. Two real humans were involved to conducted normal breathing process in the room and the exhaled carbon dioxide was used as the surrogate of infectious airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols from respiratory activities. A correspondent numerical model was established to visualize the temperature field and contaminated field in the test room. Results show that the performance of a ventilation system on removing infectious airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols from the interpersonal breathing microenvironment is dependent on the limited space air stability conditions. Appropriate ventilation method should be implemented based on an evaluation of the air condition. It is recommended that total volume ventilation methods are suitable for unstable and neutral conditions and local ventilation methods are preferable for stable conditions. This study provides an insight into the transmission of airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols between persons in ventilated rooms with different limited space air stability conditions. Useful guidance has been provided to cope with COVID-19 in limited spaces. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2021 15:22:17 | |
| Publikace | Journal of Environmental Sciences | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 108 | |
| Rozsah | 175-187 | |
| ISSN | 1001-0742 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Journal of Environmental Sciences | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jes.2021.01.025 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6DGJ82SQ | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 15:22:17 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:10:07 |
| Autor | Bissera Pilicheva | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Radka Boyuklieva | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Despite the progress made in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, it still poses dramatic challenges for scientists around the world. Various approaches are applied, including repurposed medications and alternative routes for administration. Several vaccines have been approved, and many more are under clinical and preclinical investigation. This review aims to systemize the available information and to outline the key therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, based on the nasal route of administration. | |
| Přístup | 16. 11. 2021 10:37:51 | |
| Publikace | Pharmaceutics | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 13 | |
| Číslo | 10 | |
| Rozsah | 1612 | |
| Práva | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ | |
| Extra | Number: 10 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.mdpi.com | |
| DOI | 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101612 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QGL5S2UU | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 11. 2021 10:37:51 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 11. 2021 11:29:40 |
| Autor | Adriana Gaspar-Rodriguez | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ana Padilla-Gonzalez | |
| Autor | Evelyn Rivera-Toledo | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Emerging human coronaviruses, including the recently identified SARS-CoV-2, are relevant respiratory pathogens due to their potential to cause epidemics with high case fatality rates, although endemic coronaviruses are also important for immunocompromised patients. Long-term coronavirus infections had been described mainly in experimental models, but it is currently evident that SARS-CoV-2 genomic-RNA can persist for many weeks in the respiratory tract of some individuals clinically recovered from coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19), despite a lack of isolation of infectious virus. It is still not clear whether persistence of such viral RNA may be pathogenic for the host and related to long-term sequelae. In this review, we summarize evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA persistence in respiratory samples besides results obtained from cell culture and histopathology describing long-term coronavirus infection. We also comment on potential mechanisms of coronavirus persistence and relevance for pathogenesis. (c) 2021 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 12:40:23 | |
| Publikace | Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| Krátký název | Coronavirus persistence in human respiratory tract and cell culture | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 25 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 101632 | |
| Extra | Place: Rio De Janeiro Publisher: Elsevier Brazil WOS:000724926900004 | |
| ISSN | 1413-8670 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Braz. J. Infect. Dis. | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101632 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZHBFQIR4 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 12:40:23 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:59:35 |
| Autor | Aida Kusiak | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dominika Cicho | |
| Autor | Monika Tubaja | |
| Autor | Andrzej Skorek | |
| Autor | Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa | |
| Autor | Giulia Corrao | |
| Autor | Giulia Marvaso | |
| Autor | Daniela Alterio | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-10 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a recently discovered coronavirus, which in 2020 led to a global pandemic. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are very diverse and symptoms range from mild to severe. Correlated symptoms might also manifest in the oral cavity, which is a potential pathway for viral infection, and therefore might be a potential pathway for SARSCoV-2. In recent research among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, taste and olfactory disorders, dry mouth, drones and inflammation of mouth, bitter taste in mouth, difficulty in swallowing and burning sensations have been reported. There have been cases of oral mucosal lesions in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease. Some correlations between periodontitis and severity of COVID-19 disease have also been observed. Oral mucosa, due to occurrence of ACE2 receptors, is highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The occurrence of changes on oral mucosa should increase the alertness of dental practitioners. However, knowledge in this area is still limited and in the field of oral manifestations of COVID-19 more research and patient observations are required. | |
| Přístup | 16. 12. 2021 12:40:33 | |
| Publikace | Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica | |
| Jazyk | English | |
| Ročník | 41 | |
| Číslo | 5 | |
| Rozsah | 395-400 | |
| Extra | Place: Pisa Publisher: Pacini Editore WOS:000719078700002 | |
| ISSN | 0392-100X | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science Nextgen | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. | |
| DOI | 10.14639/0392-100X-N1584 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4JJCZJ94 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 12. 2021 12:40:33 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 12. 2021 12:59:03 |
| Autor | Bin Zheng | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Wenchang Peng | |
| Autor | Mingming Guo | |
| Autor | Mengqian Huang | |
| Autor | Yuxuan Gu | |
| Autor | Tao Wang | |
| Autor | Guangjian Ni | |
| Autor | Dong Ming | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-15 | |
| Abstrakt | The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 seriously threatens global public health. It has previously been confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted between people through “respiratory droplets”. Therefore, the respiratory tract mucosa is the first barrier to prevent virus invasion. It is very important to stimulate mucosal immunity to protect the body from respiratory virus infection. Inspired by this, we designed a bionic-virus nanovaccine, which can induce mucosal immunity by nasal delivery to prevent virus infection from respiratory tract. The nanovaccine that mimic virosome is composed of poly(I:C) mimicking viral genetic material as immune adjuvant, biomimetic pulmonary surfactant (bio-PS) liposomes as capsid structure of virus and the receptor binding domains (RBDs) of SARS-CoV-2 as “spike” to completely simulate the structure of the coronavirus. The nanovaccine can be administered by inhaling to imitate the process of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the respiratory tract. Our results demonstrated that the inhalable nanovaccine with bionic virus-like structure has a stronger mucosal protective effect than routine muscle and subcutaneous inoculation. In particular, high titer of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was detected in respiratory secretions, which effectively neutralize the virus and prevent it from entering the body through the respiratory tract. Through imitating the structure and route of infection, this inhalable nanovaccine strategy might inspire a new approach to the precaution of respiratory viruses. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 10:43:49 | |
| Publikace | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 418 | |
| Rozsah | 129392 | |
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Chemical Engineering Journal | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129392 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RB7BMHSE | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 10:43:50 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:09:10 |
| Autor | Seth A. Hawks | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Aaron J. Prussin | |
| Autor | Sarah C. Kuchinsky | |
| Autor | Jin Pan | |
| Autor | Linsey C. Marr | |
| Autor | Nisha K. Duggal | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-08-10 | |
| Abstrakt | Respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are transmitted in respiratory droplets and aerosols, which are released during talking, breathing, coughing, and sneezing. Non-contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated, suggesting transmission in aerosols. Here we demonstrate that golden Syrian hamsters emit infectious SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols, prior to and concurrent with the onset of mild clinical signs of disease. The average emission rate is 25 infectious virions/hour on days 1 and 2 post-inoculation, with average viral RNA levels 200-fold higher than infectious virus in aerosols. Female hamsters have delayed kinetics of viral shedding in aerosols compared to male hamsters, with peak viral emission for females on dpi 2 and for males on dpi 1. The majority of virus is contained within aerosols <8 µm in size. Thus, we provide direct evidence that, in hamsters, SARS-CoV-2 is an airborne virus. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:55 | |
| URL | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.10.455702v1 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.08.10.455702 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), CC BY-NC 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Company: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.10.455702 Distributor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Label: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | bioRxiv | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/QBMJ4EHC | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:55 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:55 |
| Autor | Sébastien Boutin | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Dagmar Hildebrand | |
| Autor | Steeve Boulant | |
| Autor | Michael Kreuter | |
| Autor | Jule Rüter | |
| Autor | Srinivas Reddy Pallerla | |
| Autor | Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan | |
| Autor | Dennis Nurjadi | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-01 | |
| Abstrakt | SARS-CoV-2 is the virus causing the major pandemic facing the world today. Although, SARS-CoV-2 primarily causes lung infection, a variety of symptoms have proven a systemic impact on the body. SARS-CoV-2 has spread in the community quickly infecting humans from all age, ethnicities and gender. However, fatal outcomes have been linked to specific host factors and co-morbidities such as age, hypertension, immuno-deficiencies, chronic lung diseases or metabolic disorders. A major shift in the microbiome of patients suffering of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have also been observed and is linked to a worst outcome of the disease. As many co-morbidities are already known to be associated with a dysbiosis of the microbiome such as hypertension, diabetes and metabolic disorders. Host factors and microbiome changes are believed to be involved as a network in the acquisition of the infection and the development of the diseases. We will review in detail in this manuscript, the immune response toward SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the host factors involved in the facilitation and worsening of the infection. We will also address the impact of COVID-19 on the host’s microbiome and secondary infection which also worsen the disease. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 10:48:57 | |
| Publikace | Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 78 | |
| Číslo | 16 | |
| Rozsah | 5953-5976 | |
| ISSN | 1420-9071 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Springer Link | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Cell. Mol. Life Sci. | |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00018-021-03889-5 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6X2MCM8Z | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 10:48:57 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:21:08 |
| Autor | Mohammad S. Islam | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Puchanee Larpruenrudee | |
| Autor | Suvash C. Saha | |
| Autor | Oveis Pourmehran | |
| Autor | Akshoy Ranjan Paul | |
| Autor | Tevfik Gemci | |
| Autor | Richard Collins | |
| Autor | Gunther Paul | |
| Autor | Yuantong Gu | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 causes significant respirational health problems, including high mortality rates worldwide. The deadly corona virus-containing aerosol enters the atmospheric air through sneezing, exhalation, or talking, assembling with the particulate matter, and subsequently transferring to the respiratory system. This recent outbreak illustrates that the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 is deadlier for aged people than for other age groups. It is evident that the airway diameter reduces with age, and an accurate understanding of SARS aerosol transport through different elderly people's airways could potentially help the overall respiratory health assessment, which is currently lacking in the literature. This first-ever study investigates SARS COVID-2 aerosol transport in age-specific airway systems. A highly asymmetric age-specific airway model and fluent solver (ANSYS 19.2) are used for the investigation. The computational fluid dynamics measurement predicts higher SARS COVID-2 aerosol concentration in the airway wall for older adults than for younger people. The numerical study reports that the smaller SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol deposition rate in the right lung is higher than that in the left lung, and the opposite scenario occurs for the larger SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol rate. The numerical results show a fluctuating trend of pressure at different generations of the age-specific model. The findings of this study would improve the knowledge of SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol transportation to the upper airways which would thus ameliorate the targeted aerosol drug delivery system. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2021 15:47:48 | |
| Publikace | Physics of Fluids | |
| Ročník | 33 | |
| Číslo | 8 | |
| Rozsah | 081911 | |
| Extra | Publisher: American Institute of Physics | |
| ISSN | 1070-6631 | |
| Katalog knihovny | aip.scitation.org (Atypon) | |
| DOI | 10.1063/5.0061627 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/ZBEBUY7N | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 15:47:48 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:09:49 |
| Autor | R. Ramasamy | |
|---|---|---|
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as with the influenza virus, has been shown to spread more rapidly during winter. Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can follow SARS-CoV-2 infection, disproportionately affects older persons and males as well as people living in temperate zone countries with a tropical ancestry. Recent evidence on the importance of adequately warming and humidifying (conditioning) inhaled air in the nasal cavity for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in the upper respiratory tract (URT) is discussed, with particular reference to: (i) the relevance of air-borne SARS-CoV-2 transmission, (ii) the nasal epithelium as the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection, (iii) the roles of type 1 and 3 interferons for preventing viral infection of URT epithelial cells, (iv) weaker innate immune responses to respiratory viral infections in URT epithelial cells at suboptimal temperature and humidity, and (v) early innate immune responses in the URT for limiting and eliminating SARS-CoV-2 infections. The available data are consistent with optimal nasal air conditioning reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity of the URT and, as a consequence, severe COVID-19. Further studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and viral loads in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in relation to inhaled air temperature, humidity, age, gender, and genetic background are needed in this context. Face masks used for reducing air-borne virus transmission can also promote better nasal air conditioning in cold weather. Masks can, thereby, minimise SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and are particularly relevant for protecting more vulnerable persons from severe COVID-19. © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Molecular Sciences | |
| Ročník | 22 | |
| Číslo | 15 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijms22157919 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/6N9C4YQA | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:11:38 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:25:34 |
| Autor | Jialin Wu | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Wenguo Weng | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-08 | |
| Abstrakt | COVID-19 virus can replicate in the infected individual's larynx independently, which is different from other viruses that replicate in lungs only, e.g. SARS. It might contribute to the fast spread of COVID-19. However, there are few scientific reports about quantitative comparison of COVID-19 exposure dose (inhalation dose and adhesion dose) for the susceptible individual when the viruses were released from the larynx or lungs. In this paper, a typical numerical model was built based on a breathing human model with real respiratory tract. By using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, two kinds of virus released sites in the infected individual's respiratory tract (larynx, lungs), seven kinds of particle sizes between 1 and 50 mu m, three kinds of expiratory flow rates: calm (10 L/min), moderate (30 L/min) and intense (90 L/min) were used to compare the particle deposition proportion and escape proportion. The inhalation dose and the adhesion dose of the susceptible individual were quantified. The results showed that COVID-19 virus-containing droplets and aerosols might be released into the environment at higher proportions (39.1%-44.2%) than viruses that replicate in lungs only (15.3%-37.1%). The exposure doses (inhalation dose and adhesion dose) of the susceptible individual in different situations were discussed. The susceptible individual suffered a higher exposure dose when the viruses were released from the larynx rather than lungs (the difference for 1 mu m particles was 1.2-2.2 times). This study provides a possible explanation for the higher transmission risk of COVID-19 virus compared to other viruses and some control advice of COVID-19 in typical indoor environments were also discussed. | |
| Publikace | Environmental Research | |
| Ročník | 199 | |
| Rozsah | 111361 | |
| Extra | WOS:000663722800004 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Web of Science | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111361 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/NNA88CCI | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 9:23:18 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:24:49 |
| Autor | Anubama Rajan | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Ashley Morgan Weaver | |
| Autor | Gina Marie Aloisio | |
| Autor | Joseph Jelinski | |
| Autor | Hannah L. Johnson | |
| Autor | Susan F. Venable | |
| Autor | Trevor McBride | |
| Autor | Letisha Aideyan | |
| Autor | Felipe-Andrés Piedra | |
| Autor | Xunyan Ye | |
| Autor | Ernestina Melicoff-Portillo | |
| Autor | Malli Rama Kanthi Yerramilli | |
| Autor | Xi-Lei Zeng | |
| Autor | Michael A. Mancini | |
| Autor | Fabio Stossi | |
| Autor | Anthony W. Maresso | |
| Autor | Shalaka A. Kotkar | |
| Autor | Mary K. Estes | |
| Autor | Sarah Blutt | |
| Autor | Vasanthi Avadhanula | |
| Autor | Pedro A. Piedra | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-07-28 | |
| Abstrakt | There is an unmet need for pre-clinical models to understand the pathogenesis of human respiratory viruses; and predict responsiveness to immunotherapies. Airway organoids can serve as an ex-vivo human airway model to study respiratory viral pathogenesis; however, they rely on invasive techniques to obtain patient samples. Here, we report a non-invasive technique to generate human nose organoids (HNOs) as an alternate to biopsy derived organoids. We made air liquid interface (ALI) cultures from HNOs and assessed infection with two major human respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infected HNO-ALI cultures recapitulate aspects of RSV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, including viral shedding, ciliary damage, innate immune responses, and mucus hyper-secretion. Next, we evaluated the feasibility of the HNO-ALI respiratory virus model system to test the efficacy of palivizumab to prevent RSV infection. Palivizumab was administered in the basolateral compartment (circulation) while viral infection occurred in the apical ciliated cells (airways), simulating the events in infants. In our model, palivizumab effectively prevented RSV infection in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, the HNO-ALI model can serve as an alternate to lung organoids to study respiratory viruses and testing therapeutics. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 8:53:12 | |
| URL | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.453844v1 | |
| Krátký název | The human nose organoid respiratory virus model | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.07.28.453844 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. The copyright holder for this pre-print is the author. All rights reserved. The material may not be redistributed, re-used or adapted without the author's permission. | |
| Extra | Company: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.28.453844 Distributor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Label: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | bioRxiv | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/N754DLQK | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 8:53:12 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 8:53:12 |
| Autor | Moria Lichtenstein | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Sondra Turjerman | |
| Autor | Jayant M. Pinto | |
| Autor | Orna Barash | |
| Autor | Omry Koren | |
| Editor | Jotham Suez | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-27 | |
| Abstrakt | Among the many products of metabolic processes are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the airways, these volatile metabolites are emitted through breathing and thus are easily sampled for analysis. Recent work has connected the functions and structure of the human microbiome with health and disease. Alteration in microbial function in this context can result in differences in metabolite composition, including that of VOCs, presenting the possibility of a new noninvasive method for clinical diagnosis. Screening methods that assess VOCs arising from changes in the airway microbiome could be highly useful in diagnosing viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), e.g., COVID-19, which are highly contagious and have an enormous public health impact worldwide. A rapid noninvasive screening test for URTIs would pose major advantages in containing the disease. As early evidence shows that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection alters the human microbiome (both in the gut and the respiratory tract), we propose that detection of a VOC signature of an altered nasal microbiome could be fruitful as a rapid noninvasive measure of URTI in general and of SARS-CoV-2 in particular. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 10:06:33 | |
| Publikace | mSystems | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 6 | |
| Číslo | 4 | |
| Rozsah | e00104-21 | |
| ISSN | 2379-5077 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | mSystems | |
| DOI | 10.1128/mSystems.00104-21 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/DKYRCPPJ | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 10:05:02 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:22:48 |
| Autor | Ying Wang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Melissa Thaler | |
| Autor | Dennis K. Ninaber | |
| Autor | Anne M. van der Does | |
| Autor | Natacha S. Ogando | |
| Autor | Hendrik Beckert | |
| Autor | Christian Taube | |
| Autor | Clarisse Salgado-Benvindo | |
| Autor | Eric J. Snijder | |
| Autor | Peter J. Bredenbeek | |
| Autor | Pieter S. Hiemstra | |
| Autor | Martijn J. van Hemert | |
| Typ | Zpráva | |
| Datum | 2021-07-22 | |
| Abstrakt | Infection biology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are incompletely understood. Here, we assessed the impact of airway epithelial cellular composition on infection in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of differentiated primary human tracheal (PTEC) and bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC). We first compared SARS-CoV-2 infection kinetics, related antiviral and inflammatory responses, and viral entry factors in PTEC and PBEC. Next, the contribution of differentiation time was investigated by differentiating ALI-PTEC/PBEC for 3-5 weeks and comparing dynamics of viral replication/spread, cellular composition and epithelial responses. We observed a gradual increase in viral load with prolonged culture duration. Ciliated and goblet cells were predominantly infected in both PTEC and PBEC. Immunofluorescence analysis and RT-qPCR showed that compared to other cell types mainly ciliated and goblet cell numbers were affected by increased culture duration. An increased proportion of these two target cell types was associated with increased viral load. Furthermore, modulation of cellular composition using IL-13 and the Notch signaling inhibitor DAPT, underlined the importance of both ciliated and goblet cells for infection. DAPT treatment resulted in a lower viral load and a relative increase in ciliated cells at the expense of goblet cells, compared to IL-13 treated cultures in which both cell types were present and viral load was higher. In conclusion, our results identify cellular composition as a contributing factor to airway epithelial susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE In this study, we determined an effect of culture duration and airway cellular composition of ALI-PBEC and ALI-PTEC cultures on SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection was increased with prolonged cell culture time and the total percentage and proportion of ciliated and goblet cells played an important role in infection level, suggesting that airway epithelial differentiation/maturation levels may in part determine susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The development of effective therapies either targeting virus replication or pathogenesis against SARS-CoV-2 requires robust cell culture-based infection models to test small molecules and biologicals. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that are essential for reliably modeling SARS-CoV-2-airway epithelial cell interactions. This study sheds light on virus-airway epithelial cell interactions and adds to the complexity of SARS-CoV-2 cell tropism in the airways. In addition, the effect of IL-13 on viral infection hints at a causal connection between SARS-CoV-2 infection and (allergic) asthma. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:35 | |
| URL | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453304v1 | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Rozsah | 2021.07.21.453304 | |
| Práva | © 2021, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International), CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Extra | Company: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.21.453304 Distributor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Label: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Section: New Results Type: article | |
| Katalog knihovny | bioRxiv | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/LWUQRAW7 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:35 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 8:52:35 |
| Autor | Ah-Young Lim | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Hae-Kwan Cheong | |
| Autor | Yoon Ju Oh | |
| Autor | Jae Kap Lee | |
| Autor | Jae Bum So | |
| Autor | Hyun Jin Kim | |
| Autor | Boram Han | |
| Autor | Sung Won Park | |
| Autor | Yongsun Jang | |
| Autor | Chang Yong Yoon | |
| Autor | Yun Ok Park | |
| Autor | Jong-Hun Kim | |
| Autor | Jin Yong Kim | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-01 | |
| Abstrakt | Objective To investigate the duration and peak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shedding as infectivity markers for determining the isolation period. Methods A total of 2,558 upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens from 138 patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease were analyzed. Measurements of sequential viral loads were aggregated using the cubic spline smoothing function of a generalized additive model. The time to negative conversion was compared between symptom groups using survival analysis. Results In URT samples, viral RNA levels peaked on day 4 after symptom onset and rapidly decreased until day 10 for both E and RdRp genes, whereas those in LRT samples immediately peaked from symptom onset and decreased until days 15.6 and 15.0 for E and RdRp genes, respectively. Median (interquartile range) time to negative conversion was significantly longer in symptomatic (18.0 [13.0–25.0] days) patients than in asymptomatic (13.0 [9.5–17.5] days) patients. The more types of symptoms a patient had, the longer the time to negative conversion. Conclusions The viral load rapidly changes depending on the time after symptom onset; the viral shedding period may be longer with more clinical symptoms. Different isolation policies should be applied depending on disease severity. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 13:37:45 | |
| Publikace | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 108 | |
| Rozsah | 428-434 | |
| ISSN | 1201-9712 | |
| Katalog knihovny | ScienceDirect | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.062 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/H8PH64FD | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 13:37:45 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:09:44 |
| Autor | Stéphanie Baggio | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Arnaud G L’Huillier | |
| Autor | Sabine Yerly | |
| Autor | Mathilde Bellon | |
| Autor | Noémie Wagner | |
| Autor | Marie Rohr | |
| Autor | Angela Huttner | |
| Autor | Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner | |
| Autor | Natasha Loevy | |
| Autor | Laurent Kaiser | |
| Autor | Frédérique Jacquerioz | |
| Autor | Isabella Eckerle | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-01 | |
| Abstrakt | The factors that contribute to transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by children are unclear. We analyzed viral load at the time of diagnosis in 53 children and 352 adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the first 5 days post symptom onset. No significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads were seen between children and adults. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 9:51:16 | |
| Publikace | Clinical Infectious Diseases | |
| Ročník | 73 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Rozsah | 148-150 | |
| ISSN | 1058-4838 | |
| Katalog knihovny | Silverchair | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Clinical Infectious Diseases | |
| DOI | 10.1093/cid/ciaa1157 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/RS79LFKR | |
| Datum přidání | 12. 4. 2021 13:32:19 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:27:11 |
Cited By :7
| Autor | Dieter Munker | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Andreas Osterman | |
| Autor | Hans Stubbe | |
| Autor | Maximilian Muenchhoff | |
| Autor | Tobias Veit | |
| Autor | Tobias Weinberger | |
| Autor | Michaela Barnikel | |
| Autor | Jan-Niclas Mumm | |
| Autor | Katrin Milger | |
| Autor | Elham Khatamzas | |
| Autor | Sarah Klauss | |
| Autor | Clemens Scherer | |
| Autor | Johannes C. Hellmuth | |
| Autor | Clemens Giessen-Jung | |
| Autor | Michael Zoller | |
| Autor | Tobias Herold | |
| Autor | Stephanie Stecher | |
| Autor | Enrico N. de Toni | |
| Autor | Christian Schulz | |
| Autor | Nikolaus Kneidinger | |
| Autor | Oliver T. Keppler | |
| Autor | Jürgen Behr | |
| Autor | Julia Mayerle | |
| Autor | Stefan Munker | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07-01 | |
| Abstrakt | A fraction of COVID-19 patients progress to a severe disease manifestation with respiratory failure and the necessity of mechanical ventilation. Identifying patients at risk is critical for optimised care and early therapeutic interventions. We investigated the dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding relative to disease severity. We analysed nasopharyngeal and tracheal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in 92 patients with diagnosed COVID-19. Upon admission, standardised nasopharyngeal swab or sputum samples were collected. If patients were mechanically ventilated, endotracheal aspirate samples were additionally obtained. Viral shedding was quantified by real-time PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. 45% (41 out of 92) of COVID-19 patients had a severe disease course with the need for mechanical ventilation (severe group). At week 1, the initial viral shedding determined from nasopharyngeal swabs showed no significant difference between nonsevere and severe cases. At week 2, a difference could be observed as the viral shedding remained elevated in severely ill patients. A time-course of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and procalcitonin revealed an even more protracted inflammatory response following the delayed drop of virus shedding load in severely ill patients. A significant proportion (47.8%) of patients showed evidence of prolonged viral shedding (>17 days), which was associated with severe disease courses (73.2%). We report that viral shedding does not differ significantly between severe and nonsevere COVID-19 cases upon admission to the hospital. Elevated SARS-CoV-2 shedding in the second week of hospitalisation, a systemic inflammatory reaction peaking between the second and third week, and prolonged viral shedding are associated with a more severe disease course. Tweetable abstract @ERSpublications click to tweetThis work finds that elevated SARS-CoV-2 shedding in the second week of hospitalisation, a systemic inflammatory reaction peaking between the second and third week, and prolonged viral shedding are associated with a more severe COVID-19 disease course https://bit.ly/3p544zr | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 10:23:20 | |
| Publikace | European Respiratory Journal | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 58 | |
| Číslo | 1 | |
| Práva | Copyright ©ERS 2021.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This version is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 4.0. For commercial reproduction rights and permissions contact permissions@ersnet.org | |
| Extra | Publisher: European Respiratory Society Section: Original Research Articles PMID: 33602859 | |
| ISSN | 1399-3003 | |
| Katalog knihovny | erj.ersjournals.com | |
| DOI | 10.1183/13993003.02724-2020 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/63RSXW85 | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 10:23:20 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:21:41 |
| Autor | Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Mohamed Eesa | |
| Autor | Waleed Mansour | |
| Autor | Lamia G. Zake | |
| Autor | Ehsan Hendawy | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07 | |
| Abstrakt | Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically spread all over the world, crossing the borders of all countries. It is presented mainly by lower respiratory tract symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, and chest tightness. However, COVID-19 causes different upper respiratory tract-related symptoms including nasal congestion, sore throat, and olfactory dysfunction. Objective To discuss different ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations in COVID-19-positive patients and their relation to other manifestations and to the severity of COVID-19. Methods We detected ENT manifestations in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed positive COVID-19 patients at Zagazig Isolation Hospitals (Zagazig University hospitals, Zagazig Chest hospital, Al-Ahrar hospital, and Zagazig Fever hospital) with proportional allocation in the period from April 15 to June 15, 2020. All patients were subjected to full history taking and COVID-19 was categorized into 4 classes of severity after all patients underwent computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Afterwards, the collected data was analyzed and compared. Results Among the included 120 COVID-19 patients, the most frequent reported ENT manifestations were; sore throat (30%), nasal congestion (28.3%), nasal obstruction (26.7%), sneezing (26.6%), headache (25%), smell and taste dysfunction (25%), rhinorrhea (20%), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (15%), and tonsil enlargement (10%). The most common non-ENT manifestations were fever (88.3%), cough (63.3%), and dyspnea (45%). Conclusion Fever and cough are the dominant symptoms of COVID-19, but ENT manifestations for COVID-19 are common and should be a part of the suspected clinical criteria for COVID-19, particularly if the nasal examination was nonsignificant. The most common symptoms are sore throat, followed by nasal congestion and obstruction, headache, and lastly, olfactory dysfunction. | |
| Přístup | 16. 8. 2021 10:04:03 | |
| Publikace | International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology | |
| Jazyk | en | |
| Ročník | 25 | |
| Číslo | 3 | |
| Rozsah | e343-e348 | |
| Práva | Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda. Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil | |
| Extra | Publisher: Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda. | |
| ISSN | 1809-4864 | |
| Katalog knihovny | www.thieme-connect.com | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. | |
| DOI | 10.1055/s-0041-1730456 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/4MAJ9G2W | |
| Datum přidání | 16. 8. 2021 10:04:03 | |
| Upraveno | 16. 8. 2021 14:23:35 |
| Autor | C. Zhang | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Z. Guo | |
| Autor | Z. Zhao | |
| Autor | T. Wang | |
| Autor | L. Li | |
| Autor | F. Miao | |
| Autor | C. Zhang | |
| Autor | Y. Li | |
| Autor | Y. Gao | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-07 | |
| Abstrakt | We analyzed size of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) aerosol particles shed by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. Most exhaled particles were small, and virus was mainly released early during infection. By postinfection day 6, no virus was detected in breath, but air in the isolator contained large quantities of aerosolized virus. © 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved. | |
| Publikace | Emerging Infectious Diseases | |
| Ročník | 27 | |
| Číslo | 7 | |
| Rozsah | 1979-1981 | |
| Archiv | Scopus | |
| Katalog knihovny | Scopus | |
| DOI | 10.3201/eid2707.203948 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/K2LCB3UF | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 14:37:29 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:11:20 |
| Autor | Ivo Djidrovksi | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Maria Georgiou | |
| Autor | Grant L. Hughes | |
| Autor | Edward I. Patterson | |
| Autor | Aitor Casas-Sanchez | |
| Autor | Shaun H. Penington | |
| Autor | Giancarlo A. Biagini | |
| Autor | Marina Moya-Molina | |
| Autor | Jelle van den Bor | |
| Autor | Martine J. Smit | |
| Autor | Git Chung | |
| Autor | Majlinda Lako | |
| Autor | Lyle Armstrong | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-21 | |
| Abstrakt | Abstract As one of the primary points of entry of xenobiotic substances and infectious agents into the body, the lungs are subject to a range of dysfunctions and diseases that together account for a significant number of patient deaths. In view of this, there is an outstanding need for in vitro systems in which to assess the impact of both infectious agents and xenobiotic substances of the lungs. To address this issue, we have developed a protocol to generate airway epithelial basal-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells, which simplifies the manufacture of cellular models of the human upper airways. Basal-like cells generated in this study were cultured on transwell inserts to allow formation of a confluent monolayer and then exposed to an air-liquid interface to induce differentiation into a pseudostratified epithelial construct with a marked similarity to the upper airway epithelium in vivo. These constructs contain the component cell types required of an epithelial model system, produce mucus and functional cilia, and can support SARS-CoV-2 infection/replication and the secretion of cytokines in a manner similar to that of in vivo airways. This method offers a readily accessible and highly scalable protocol for the manufacture of upper airway models that could find applications in development of therapies for respiratory viral infections and the assessment of drug toxicity on the human lungs. | |
| Přístup | 8. 7. 2021 11:42:57 | |
| URL | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/stem.3422 | |
| Publikace | STEM CELLS | |
| Ročník | n/a | |
| Číslo | n/a | |
| Extra | Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | |
| ISSN | 1066-5099 | |
| Katalog knihovny | onlinelibrary.wiley.com (Atypon) | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/8Y4GERYW | |
| Datum přidání | 8. 7. 2021 11:42:57 | |
| Upraveno | 8. 7. 2021 15:12:10 |
| Autor | Saravanakarthikeyan Balasubramanian | |
|---|---|---|
| Autor | Divya Vinayachandran | |
| Typ | Článek v časopise | |
| Datum | 2021-06-09 | |
| Abstrakt | The whole world has been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and many researchers are racing to understand the disease course and to undertake risk analyses to formulate effective treatment strategies. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible through coughing and sneezing, and through breathing and talking which may account for viral transmission from asymptomatic carriers. Bioaerosols produced during mouth-breathing, an expiratory process in habitual mouth breathers, should be considered in addition to nasal bioparticles as a potential transmissible mode in COVID-19. Oral health professionals are justifiably apprehensive about the exposure risk due to close face-to-face contact and the mode of transmission. The aim of this commentary is to summarize the research conducted in this area and suggested strategies to limit the spread of COVID-19, especially in dental offices. | |
| Přístup | 14. 10. 2021 15:50:14 | |
| Publikace | Canada Communicable Disease Report | |
| Krátký název | Bioaerosols from mouth-breathing | |
| Ročník | 47 | |
| Číslo | 56 | |
| Rozsah | 276-278 | |
| ISSN | 1481-8531 | |
| Katalog knihovny | DOI.org (Crossref) | |
| Zkrácený název časopisu | CCDR | |
| DOI | 10.14745/ccdr.v47i56a05 | |
| Select in Zotero | zotero://select/library/items/2W7GUSHN | |
| Datum přidání | 14. 10. 2021 15:50:14 | |
| Upraveno | 14. 10. 2021 16:09:32 |